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Malu, Siddharth Savyasachi. "S – and T– Matrix Formulations for 2–Port Devices." International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology 2, no. 4 (2023): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59828/ijsrmst.v2i4.93.
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We present the S– and T–matrix formulations of device characteristic for a 2–port device. We demonstrate that while the S–matrix formulation is intuitive and corresponds to physical quantities, the T–matrix formulation is better when it comes to handling multiple devices in series. We then compute the translation from S–matrix to T–matrix formulations and vice–versa.
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Iche, Ghanshyam Ramesh. "Formulation and Evaluation of Aceclofenac Matrix Tablet." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (2012): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2014/142.
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Mandhan, Rahul, and Twinkle Garg. "Sustained Release Matrix Technology for Cefixime- A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 7, no. 8 (2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2022.v07i08.002.
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Sustained release drug delivery system is designed to sustain the release of the drug dosage forms at a predetermined rate. Sustained release formulation maintains uniform drug level in therapeutic window, improved efficacy of drug by localization at the site of action with better patient compliance, reducing the dose required, providing uniform drug delivery. The sustained release formulations minimize the frequency of drug administration and do not interfere with the therapeutic action of the drug. The use of sustained release matrix technology for antibiotics is effective in preventing the resistant of antibiotics in body on irrational use. Drug release through matrix SRDDS is determined by Polymer swelling, Water penetration, Drug dissolution, diffusion, Matrix erosion. The present article contains brief review on various formulation approaches for Sustained release drug delivery system, advantages, selection criteria for matrix SRDDS and use of cefixime trihydrate in formulating matrix SRDDS.
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Ishibashi, Toshiyuki. "Tensor Formulation of Ensemble-Based Background Error Covariance Matrix Factorization." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 12 (2015): 4963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0014.1.
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Abstract Factorization of a background error covariance matrix (B factorization) constructed from localization matrices and a small ensemble that obeys background error statistics is an efficient method for introducing flow-dependent background error statistics into variational form data assimilation systems. Although there are four types of matrix formulations of B factorization, their derivation processes and relationships are not clarified, and mathematical operability is limited because of their complex matrix forms. In this paper, B factorization in the tensor (component) form is formulated to overcome these shortcomings. The tensor formulation is very simple and directly connects the background error covariance matrix with its factorization. All existing matrix formulations are derived from the tensor formulation as their specific matrix form representations. Using the simplicity of the tensor formulation, the relationships between the strong-constraint four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR), 4DVAR with the four-dimensional background error covariance, and the weak-constraint 4DVAR are clarified.
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Abhishek, S. Joshi *. Deepak A. Joshi Avinash V. Dhobale Sandhya S. Bundel Vijay R. Chakote Gunesh N. Dhembre. "STUDIES ON NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE MATRIX TABLET OF ACECLOFENAC." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 01 (2018): 304–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1149339.
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The present study was aimed to design new oral controlled release matrix tablets of new NSAID Aceclofenac for once a day by using 10, 15, 20 and 25% of GG:HPMC and XG:HPMC mixture in the ratio 1:1 by wet granulation method. The prepared tablets subjected to in vitro drug release studies in pH 7.4 buffer solution. All the formulation meets the pre-compression and compression characteristics. All the tablets prepared with 10, 15, 20 and 25% of HPMC: XG mixture in the ratio 1:1 fails to meet the requirement of complete release of the drug in 24h. The tablet formulations containing 10% and 15% of GG: HPMC mixture fails to control release of drug upto 24h. The formulation AHG20 controlled release of drug upto 24h and released more than 97% of the drug in 24h. Hence considered as the best formulation. The optimized tablet batch formulations AHG20 showed no change in drug content or in vitro release pattern after storage at 40o C / 75% RH for 30 days. The FTIR studies indicated absence of interaction between aceclofenac and tablet excipients used in the matrix tablets. It has been observed from the above study that excipients like HPMC, xanthan gum, guar gum and microcrystalline cellulose were ideal excipients and effective for formulating controlled release matrix tablets. As these excipients are easily available, inexpensive and compatible. Controlled release matrix tablets provide several advantages reduce dose related toxicity, reduce drug waste and improve patient compliance. Keywords: Aceclofenac, guar gum, xanthan gum, CDDS and matrix tablets.
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Bakshi, Vasudha, Swapna S., Deepa Kumari Choudhary, Ch Revanth, B. Sai KumarCh. Praveen, and Ch Praveen. "Design and characterization of metoprolol floating matrix tablet." Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations 4, no. 2 (2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.18.
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Objective: The objective of the present research was to develop a matrix embedded floating tablet of Metoprolol for the sustained activity and prolongation of gastric residence time to improve the bioavailability of the drug. Metoprolol was chosen as a model drug because it is better absorbed in the stomach than the lower gastro intestinal tract.Methods: The experimental work was divided into pre-formulation studies, formulation development, and evaluation. Standardization of drug and excipients confirmed the authentication of the samples. Floating test were conducted for all formulations, In vitro dissolution studies were carried out in a dissolution testing apparatus-II, FTIR study was performed to interpret the drug ,excipient interaction.Results: Floating tests were also performed for 15 formulations and among them five formulations have passed the floating tests (F1, F3, F5, F7, and F14). The In-vitro release kinetics study of this tablet indicated sustained release for Metoprolol and followed zero order release and 95% drug in 8 h in vitro. The drug release profile of formulated product was compared with marketed product Metolar. The floating tablets extended the drug release up to 8 hours. The drug-polymer interaction was evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Conclusions: F3 formulation showed the best floating results. The comparative study between F3 and Metolar (Marketed Product) showed the similar in vitro drug release profile. Thus, the optimzed formulation F-3 can be successfully used for the management of hypertension.
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Vafaeva, Khristina Maksudovna, Abhishek Chhetri, Prerak Sudan, Mukul Mishra, B. Pakkiraiah, and Chandra Mohan. "Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites for Sustainable Packaging: A Green Approach." E3S Web of Conferences 511 (2024): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101008.
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This research examines the characteristics and ecological viability of polymer matrix nanocomposites used in sustainable packaging. Nanocomposites were produced by combining varied proportions of polymer and nanofiller material. Through mechanical testing, it was determined that nanocomposite formulation 3 had the maximum tensile strength of 55 MPa, as well as a Young’s modulus of 3.5 GPa, showing greater stiffness in comparison to the other formulations. The evaluation of barrier qualities revealed that nanocomposite formulation 2 exhibited the most minimal oxygen permeability at a rate of 8 cc/m²/day and the lowest water vapor transmission rate at 4.5 g/m²/day, showing very efficient performance in preventing the passage of gases and moisture. The environmental impact study showed that nanocomposite formulation 3 had the most efficient energy consumption during manufacture, with a rate of 1.8 kWh/kg. It also had the lowest waste creation, with just 0.08 kg/kg, and the lowest CO2 emissions, with only 0.4 kg/kg. Nanocomposite formulation 3 demonstrated substantial improvements in mechanical characteristics, barrier properties, and environmental impact indicators when compared to the reference formulations, as shown by the percentage change analysis. In summary, this study showcases the capabilities of polymer matrix nanocomposites, specifically formulation 3, as environmentally friendly packaging materials that offer improved mechanical properties, effective barrier performance, and reduced ecological footprint. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable packaging solutions across different industries.
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Vafaeva, Khristina Maksudovna, Abhishek Chhetri, Prerak Sudan, Mukul Mishra, B. Sankara Babu, and Binitendra Naath Mongal. "Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites for Sustainable Packaging: A Green Approach." E3S Web of Conferences 537 (2024): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453708001.
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This research examines the characteristics and ecological viability of polymer matrix nanocomposites used in sustainable packaging. Nanocomposites were produced by combining varied proportions of polymer and nanofiller material. Through mechanical testing, it was determined that nanocomposite formulation 3 had the maximum tensile strength of 55 MPa, as well as a Young's modulus of 3.5 GPa, showing greater stiffness in comparison to the other formulations. The evaluation of barrier qualities revealed that nanocomposite formulation 2 exhibited the most minimal oxygen permeability at a rate of 8 cc/m2/day and the lowest water vapor transmission rate at 4.5 g/m2/day, showing very efficient performance in preventing the passage of gases and moisture. The environmental impact study showed that nanocomposite formulation 3 had the most efficient energy consumption during manufacture, with a rate of 1.8 kWh/kg. It also had the lowest waste creation, with just 0.08 kg/kg, and the lowest CO2 emissions, with only 0.4 kg/kg. Nanocomposite formulation 3 demonstrated substantial improvements in mechanical characteristics, barrier properties, and environmental impact indicators when compared to the reference formulations, as shown by the percentage change analysis. In summary, this study showcases the capabilities of polymer matrix nanocomposites, specifically formulation 3, as environmentally friendly packaging materials that offer improved mechanical properties, effective barrier performance, and reduced ecological footprint. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable packaging solutions across different industries.
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Shewale, Lankesh P., Sheetal B. Gondkar, Ravindra B. Saudagar, and Avinash B. Dareker. "Formulation Development and Comparative Study of Clopidogrel Bisulfate Matrix Formulations." Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science 6, no. 3 (2016): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-5659.2016.00028.x.
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Arpit Kumar, Arpit Kumar, Dr Suneel Kumar Niranjan, and Umesh Patel. "Formulation and Evaluation of Matrix dissolving Tablet of Isoniazid: Controlled Release." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 3 (2025): 1641–45. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-100316411645.
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Isoniazidis a cornerstone in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), yet its conventional administrationis associated with challenges such as frequent dosing and potential hepatotoxicity. Matrix dissolving tablet formulations aim to address these issues by providing controlled drug release, enhancing patient compliance, and minimizing side effects. This review explores various formulation strategies, methodologies employed in developing matrix dissolving tablets of isoniazid, emphasizing the role of both natural and synthetic polymers in modulating drug release profiles. The review paper also covers about formulation of matrix dissolving tablet of Isoniazid and its process of granulation, principle of matrix tablet, types of matrix tablet, advantages, and disadvantages e.t.c.
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Maurya, Harikesh, and Tirath Kumar. "Formulation, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory polyphyto matrix tablet as a novel drug delivery system." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 4, no. 03 (2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.4.3.7.
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Objective: To deal with the formulation, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory polyphyto matrix tablet containing Carica papaya, Vitex negundo, Moringa oleifera and Boswellia serrata used as a novel drug delivery system. An attempt has been made to develop polyphyto matrix tablets by using HPMC and ethyl cellulose. Methods: Pharmacological screening of polyphyto matrix tablet was evaluated by using the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model and the study carried out by using various doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight) of three different polyphyto matrix formulations. Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard drug, due to its considerable report on antiinflammatory importance. Data were expressed by mean±SD; statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA and p less than 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Physical and chemical evaluation parameters of polyphyto matrix formulation exhibits potent and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in all the tested animal groups. Formulation F1 significantly (p less than 0.05) suppresses the inflammation in the rat paw and found to be preeminent and stable in comparison with standard and other two (F2 and F3) formulations. Conclusion: Study reveals that the polyphyto matrix formulation could be useful as either an alternative or a complementary therapy in the management of all types of inflammation. It may be due to presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides and other phytochemical in herbs.
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Shaik, Asha Begum* Ramya Sri Sura Bandlamudi.Vineela Tirumalasetti. V. Siva Naga Sai Bhanu Sree Moghal. Rafiya Begum Abdul. Kareemunnisa. "FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF NIFEDIPINE FLOATING MATRIX TABLETS BY USING NATURAL POLYMERS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 03 (2018): 1461–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1199062.
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In the present research work gastro retentive floating matrix formulation of Nifedipine by using Natural polymers were developed. Initially analytical method development was done for the drug molecule. Absorption maxima was determined based on that calibration curve was developed by using different concentrations. Gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate concentration was optimised. Then the formulation was developed by using different concentrations of polymers Xanthan gum, guar gum and Karaya Gum as polymeric substances. The formulation blend was subjected to various preformualation studies, flow properties and all the formulations were found to be good indicating that the powder blend has good flow properties. Among all the formulations the formulations Karaya Gum as polymer were retarded the drug release more than12 hours. whereas in low concentrations the polymer was unable to produce the desired action. The formulations prepared with guar gum were also retarded the drug release up to 12 hours (F6=96.32%). The optimised formulation dissolution data was subjected to release kinetics, from the release kinetics data it was evident that the formulation followed zero order mechanism of drug release. Keywords: Nifedipine, Xanthan gum, guar gum and Karaya Gum, Floating Tablets
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Nadia* and Reddy V. Prabhakar. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NEVARAPINE EXTENDED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS." Journal of Pharma Research 13, no. 05 (2024): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13777716.
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<strong>Nevarapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) drug which is used in treatment in in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV) infection. The present study is to develop a pharmaceutical stable, cost, effective, pharmaceutically equivalent, and quality improved formulation of NEVARAPINE Extended release Tablets. To achieve this goal various prototype formulation trials will be taken and evaluated with respect to the various quality control test such as dissolution, assay, acidresistance. The formula will be finalized by comparing the dissolution profile with that of the marketed VIRAMUNE XR tablets. In this study NEVIRAPINE Extended release Tablets were prepared by using hydrophobic polymers. 12 formulations of Extended release Tablets of nevarapine were developed by using Microcrystalline Cellulose as diluent andMagnesium Streate as lubricant in different proportion. The formulation F3 was found to be best of all the formulation showing drug release matching the innovator product. Hence it is considered as optimised Formulation.</strong> <strong>Keywords: -Nevarapine, extended release, hydrophobic polymers, ethyl cellulose, magnesium sterate. </strong>
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Hernawan, Hernawan, Septi Nurhayati, Khoirun Nisa, A. W. Indrianingsih, Cici Darsih, and Muhammad Kismurtono. "FORMULATION AND IN VITRO STUDY OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE CONTROLLED RELEASE FROM CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN-BASED MATRIX TABLETS." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 13, no. 3 (2013): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21283.
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Formulation and in vitro study of propranolol hydrochloride controlled release from carboxymethyl chitosan-based matrix tablets have been conducted. Formulations with various concentrations of carboxymethyl chitosan 2% (F1), 4% (F2), 6% (F3) were done by wet granulation method. Compatibility test was conducted by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy to determine interaction between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipients. Dissolution profiles was obtained through in vitro tests release using simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes, pH 1.2) for the first 2 h and followed by simulated intestinal fluid (phosphate buffer solution without enzyme, pH 7.2) for 2 h remaining. The dissolution profile of each formulation was fitted with five kinetics modeling of drug release (zero order, first order, Higuchi, Peppas-Korsmeyer, and Hixson-Crowell). The compatibility test results showed that formulation caused physical interactions between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipient but doesn't make crystallinity nature of propranolol hydrochloride disturbed even after formulation. Dissolution profiles of each formulation showed that controlled release of propranolol hydrochloride from the tablet followed Peppas-Korsmeyer model. It is concluded that carboxymethyl chitosan in appropriate proportions is suitable for formulating propranolol hydrochloride controlled release tablets which exhibit Peppas-Korsmeyer release kinetics.
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Venkateswarlu, Kambham. "Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Repaglinide." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19, no. 1 (2016): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v19i1.29244.
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The aim of present investigation was to formulate and evaluate the sustained release matrix tablets of Repaglinide (RPGN). These matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using synthetic and natural polymers like HPMC K4M, HPMC 100M and Guar gum (GG), Carrageenan (CG), respectively. Invitro drug release studies were performed by USP dissolution apparatus type-II (paddle method) using 0.1 N HCl buffer and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer for 12 h. Amongst all the 12 formulations, formulation F12 showed maximum drug release of 97.9% for 12 h study. It was observed from the kinetic studies that all the formulations followed first order kinetics and particularly the drug release from its dosage form was fickian diffusion (F9, F12), non-fickian diffusion (F1-F8, F10-F11). Formulation F12 was subjected to stability studies and confirmed that formulation F12 was stable upto the period of 1 month.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 92-99, 2016
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JAFARI, Mehdi. "MATRIX FORMULATION OF REAL QUATERNIONS." Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8, no. 1 (2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18185/eufbed.99802.
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Chang, Feng Cheng. "Matrix formulation of vector operations." Applied Mathematics and Computation 170, no. 2 (2005): 1135–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2005.01.011.
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Dr., N. Sandeepthi *and Dr. L. Satyanarayana. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NAPROXEN SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLET." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 03 (2018): 1498–510. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1204477.
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The present investigation is concerned with development and evaluation of Sustained release matrix tablets containing Naproxen using the hydrophilic polymer hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K100M & HPMC K4M).Preformulation study was done initially which include characterization of polymers, drug identification, FTIR compatibility and result directed for the further course of formulation. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and evaluation done. Tablets were compressed by tablet compression machine (Karnavati Rimek Mini press1)and evaluated with different parameters like diameter, thickness, average weight, hardness, friability, drug content, kinetic release data. Matrix tablets were compressed without any problem and do not require any change in ratio of excipients in formulation. Results of the present study demonstrated that combination of both polymers and insoluble filler could be successfully employed for formulating sustained release matrix tablets of naproxen. All the formulations containing drug, polymer and DCP as filler sustained the drug release for 24 h. The drug release rate was slower with the tablet containing combination of HPMC K100M and EC polymers compared to with that of combination of two hydrophilic polymers (HPMC-K100M and HPMC-K4M). Wet granulation method was used and found to extend the drug release for 24 h. Hence sustained release drug delivery system of Naproxen is a promising approach as it can lead to decrease in the frequency of administration and ultimately lead to better patient compliance. Keywords: Sustained release drug delivery system, Naproxen, invitro drug release, Direct compression method, Di calcium phosphate (DCP)
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Duan, Wei. "Matrix-Based Formulation of Heterogeneous Individual-Based Models of Infectious Diseases: Using SARS Epidemic as a Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 5716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115716.
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Heterogeneities of individual attributes and behaviors play an important role in the complex process of epidemic spreading. Compared to differential equation-based system dynamical models of infectious disease transmission, individual-based epidemic models exhibit the advantage of providing a more detailed description of realities to capture heterogeneities across a population. However, the higher granularity and resolution of individual-based epidemic models comes with the cost of increased computational complexities, which result in difficulty in formulating individual-based epidemic models with mathematics. Furthermore, it requires great effort to understand and reproduce existing individual-based epidemic models presented by previous researchers. We proposed a mathematical formulation of heterogeneous individual-based epidemic models using matrices. Matrices and vectors were applied to represent individual attributes and behaviors. We derived analytical results from the matrix-based formulations of individual epidemic models, and then designed algorithms to force the computation of matrix-based individual epidemic models. Finally, we used a SARS epidemic control as a case study to verify the matrix-based formulation of heterogeneous individual-based epidemic models.
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Simran, Tanwar, Tikariya Komal, and Sharma Vimukta. "Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablet of Nimesulide Using Pomegranate Peel and Acacia." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 7, no. 7 (2022): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2022.v07i07.002.
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The main objective of the study is the formulation and evaluation of sustained release matrix tablet of Nimesulide using pomegranate peel and acacia as natural polymer. The preformulation study of Nimesulide was conducted and λmax was found at 300 nm. The sustained release matrix tablet was prepared using Pomegranate peel as Release rate retardant, Acacia as polymer, Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as Binder, Isopropyl alcohol as Granulation solution, Micro Crystalline Cellulose as Diluent, Magnesium stearate as Lubricant and Talc as Glidant. Several formulations were prepared by taking different drug concentration in Pomegranate peel (Release rate retardant) with varying ratio of binder to lubricants. Various formulations of sustained release matrix tablet of Nimesulide F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 was prepared. The prepared granules were evaluated for different parameters like Bulk density, Tapped density, Angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio which shows the excellent flow properties of formulation. The physical characteristic of Nimesulide sustained release matrix tablets (F1 to F6) such as thickness, diameter, hardness, friability, weight variation and drug content were determined and results of the formulations (F1 to F6) found to be within the limits specified in official books. The drug content of all the formulation were found to be in the range of 99.59 to 99.83 % w/w, which is within the specified limit as per Indian Pharmacopoeia 1996 (i.e. 90-110% w/w). The drug released from formulation F1 to F3 was found to be 93.7, 92.9 and 92.2 % for Nimesulide respectively. The drug released from formulation F4 to F6 was found to be 94.1, 93.9 and 92.8% for Nimesulide respectively. The release rate of F1 and F4 was found to be higher when compared to other formulations this is due to increase in the concentration of polymer. These results are indicating that has higher drug retarding ability for long duration. All the formulations were analyzed for stability testing. All the formulations from F1 to F6 were found to be stable.
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Aduri, Prakash Reddy* G. Suvarsha G. BabuRao T. Sudheer N. PhaniKumar. "FORMULATION AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF OXYBUTYNIN TRANSDERMAL PATCH." indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 05 (2017): 1398–405. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.804920.
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The present study was aimed to develop transdermal drug delivery of Oxybutynin to overcome the first pass metabolism and to reduce frequency of dosing compared to oral route. Matrix type of transdermal patches was developed by using polymers eudragit L100 and eudragit S100.Transdermal patches were prepared by employing solvent casting method. Propylene glycol and Tween80 were selected as permeation enhancer and plasticizer. Drug excipient compatibility studies were carried out by using FTIR, and it was observed that there were no interactions. Formulations were prepared with the varying concentrations polymers ranging from F1-F9, and all the formulations were evaluated for various physical parameters Physical appearance, Flatness, Weight variation, Thickness, Folding endurance, Drug content, Moisture uptake, Moisture content and Swelling study and all the results were found to be were found to be with in the pharmacopeial limits, invitro drug release studies by using dialysis membrane. Among all the 12 formulations F6 formulation which contain HPMC K4M 300mg and Eudragit L-100 60mg had shown 94% cumulative drug release with in 12 hours. And compared to HPMC K15M, HPMC K4M showed better drug release profile. For F6 formulation release kinetics were plotted and the Regression coefficient value was found to be high for Korsmeyer-peppas release model i.e., 0.9892. The n value was found to be 0.6203 which indicates the drug release pattern was found to be non-Fickian diffusion. Key words: Oxybutynin, Matrix type, Transdermal patches.
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Chinthala, Shanthi P., and Ramamohan R. Thummaluru. "Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation of Trilayer Matrix Tablets of Rosuvastatin Solid Dispersions by Geomatrix Technology." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research 13, no. 03 (2020): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2021.130314.
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The current research aims to enhance the aqueous solubility and sustains the drug release of rosuvastatin BCS Class II drug. Fifteen (15) solid dispersion (SD) formulations of rosuvastatin were prepared by solvent evaporation technique and evaluated. In vitro drug dissolution study indicated a higher drug dissolution rate for SD13 of 99.74 ± 5.39 % within 60 min. Eight formulations of rosuvastatin trilayer matrix tablets (AF10- HF10) were prepared using optimized SD13 by direct compression method. These trilayer formulations are characterized for flow properties and physicochemical parameters. The maximum drug release was exhibited by trilayer matrix formulation (HF10) of 99.48 ± 5.40 % throughout 24 hours. The zero-order described the optimized formulation (HF10) release profile and best fitted to Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppa’s model. The results demonstrated the sustainability of rosuvastatin trilayer tablets with enhanced release time and linearity up to 24 hours. From in vivo bioavailability studies, Cmax of the rosuvastatin optimized ER tablets and the marketed product was found to be 28.46 ± 0.07 ng/mL and 30.94 ± 0.75 ng/mL, respectively. Tmax of both rosuvastatin optimized ER tablets formulation and rosuvastatin marketed product was 5 ± 0.06 and 4 ± 0.03 h, respectively. AUC0-∞ infinity for the optimized formulation was higher (395.54 ± 1.37 ng.h/mL) than the rosuvastatin marketed product formulation 212.54 ± 0.42 ng.h/mL. Statistically, the AUC0-t of the optimized ER tablets formulation was significantly higher (p is less than 0.05) than rosuvastatin marketed product formulation. In vivo, pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits confirmed the prolonged-release by showing an increase in bioavailability for rosuvastatin from optimized ER tablets than marketed formulation.
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Viswanad, Vidya, Shammika P, and Aneesh Tp. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SYNTHESIZED QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVE FOR COLON SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 3 (2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16024.
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ABSTRACTObjective: The current research deals with the formulation and evaluation of synthesized quinazolinone derivative for colon site specific delivery.Methods: The synthesized quinazolinone derivative was enteric coated 5% Eudragit L-100 with by wet granulation method using guar gum, pectin,and guar gum pectin combination as hydrophilic polymer. The prepared matrix tablet was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry andevaluated for different pre-compression and post-compression studies and drug release profiles.Results: All the matrix tablets were within the range of pharmacopeial limits with better flow properties. All the six formulations of matrix tablets haddisintegrated within 5-6 minutes. The optimized formulation selected was F6 formulation combination of guar gum and pectin with 95.79% of drugrelease than compared to the remaining formulation. The optimized matrix tablets followed zero order kinetics with Fickian diffusion.Conclusion: The results proposed that the combination of guar gum and pectin coated tablet with 5% Eudragit L-100 of synthesized quinazolinonederivative is a promising colon site specific delivery.Keywords: Quinazolinone derivative, In vitro drug release, Disintegration time, Guar gum, Pectin, 5% Eudragit L-100, Colon site-specific delivery, Wetgranulation, Compression.
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Kumari, Satish, Anchal Puri, Dhruv Dev, DN Prasad, and ,. Monika. "Formulation and evaluation of sustained release matrix tablet of metoprolol succinate by using xanthan gum and carbopol." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3-s (2019): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2844.
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Metoprolol succinate is a β1 selective antagonist used as an Anti-hypertensive, Anti arrhythmic, Anti Angina. The aim of present investigation was to develop matrix tablets of Metoprolol succinate using different polymers.Metoprolol succinate matrix tablet was prepared by use of xanthan gum and carbopol-934 as a polymer initially by direct compression methods. Physicochemical compatibility of the drug with polymer was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and DSC. Metoprolol succinate matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation method using different polymers. All the formulations were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability and dissolution. The result of matrix tablets formulation (A-4) showed drug release 94.12% in 720 min. Therefore it was concluded that formulation (A-4) containing carbopol-934 and xanthan gum in the ratio of 80:20 showing promising result for sustained release of Metoprolol succinate, further for improvement of release profile in situ interpolymeric complexes of both carbopol and xanthan gum were tried. All the formulations were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability and dissolution. The results of IPC formulation B-11 showed drug release 96.29% in 720 min. It was concluded that tablets were prepared by using in-situ inter polymer complex formed with 70:30 ratio of Carbopol and Xanthan gum solution as binder. Formulation B-11 showed promising result because of its resistance in pH 1.2 HCL buffer for more than 2 hrs showed the maximum sustained release as compared to simple matrix tablet because of more acid resistance of the complex. Thus, sustained release matrix tablets of Metoprolol succinate using biocompatible polymers were successfully formulated, evaluated and found to be suitable candidates in extending the release of the drug from the matrix tablets. Keywords: Metoprolol succinate, Sustained release Matrix tablets, Direct compression, Wet granulation method.
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Majed, Liliane, Salem Hayar, Rawan Zeitoun, Britt Marianna Maestroni, and Sylvie Dousset. "The Effects of Formulation on Imidacloprid Dissipation in Grapes and Vine Leaves and on Required Pre-Harvest Intervals under Lebanese Climatic Conditions." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010252.
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In this study, imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide, currently having a specified European Commission MRL value for vine leaves (2 mg kg−1), was applied on a Lebanese vineyard under different commercial formulations: as a soluble liquid (SL) and water dispersible granules (WDG). In Lebanon, many commercial formulations of imidacloprid are subject to the same critical good agricultural practice (cGAP). It was, therefore, important to verify the variability in dissipation patterns according to matrix nature and formulation type. Random samplings of grapes and vine leaves were performed starting at 2 days until 18 days after treatment. Residue extractions were performed according to the QuEChERS method and the analytical determination using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The SL formulation yielded significantly higher initial deposit than the WDG formulation on grapes and vine leaves. The formulation type did not significantly affect the dissipation rates; the estimated half-lives in grapes and vine leaves were 0.5 days for all imidacloprid formulations. No pre-harvest intervals were necessary on grapes. PHIs of 3.7 days for the SL formulation and 2.8 days for the WDG formulation were estimated on vine leaves. The results showed that the type of formulation and the morphological and physiological characteristics of the matrix had an effect on the initial deposits, and thus residue levels, but not on the dissipation patterns.
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Y, Madhusudan Rao, Vinay Kumar K, Jagan Mohan S, and Kiran Kumar V. "Formulation and Evaluation of Extended Release Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride Hard Gelatin Capsules." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 4, no. 1 (2011): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2011.4.1.8.
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This work aims at investigating different types and levels of hydrophilic high molecular weight matrix agents, (including HPMC K15M, Metalose-60 SH, Metalose-65 SH and Metalose-90SH-SR), hydrophobic diluent (Talc) and formulation methods (Non-aqueous granulation and direct filling by simple mere mixture) in an attempt to formulate hard gelatin extended release matrix capsules containing Trihexyphenidyl HCl (Benzhexol). The drug release from all the extended release matrix capsules show polymer as well as talc concentration dependent retardation affect. The Metalose 90SH-SR concentration was optimized to approximately 27% w/w of total capsule net content weight. The hydrophobic diluent’s talc concentration was optimized and the useful concentration was approximately 17.45% w/w of the total net capsule content weight. The lactose concentration was also optimized and the effective concentration was found to be approximately 48.36% w/w. The prepared hard gelatin extended release capsules were evaluated for weight variation, Average net content, locked length, content uniformity, assay (drug content) and in-vitro drug release studies. From the in-vitro release studies of the prepared formulations, one formula was optimized from each method. All the formulations showed linear release profiles and extended the release of trihexyphenidyl HCl (Benzhexol) over 10 –12 h. The release profiles of extended release matrix capsules of trihexyphenidyl HCl (THP HCl) from the selected formulations were close to zero order and follow diffusion dependent release. The prepared extended release matrix capsules of trihexyphenidyl HCl (Benzhexol) produced from the optimized formulations ‘NAG-M90SH-SR-5 and DB M90SH-SR-4’ complied with the USP XXVII specifications. The difference factor (f1) and similarity factor (f2) was calculated for all these formulations and found to the below 15 and above 50. Irrespective of the formulation method type and its procedure, the prepared hydrophilic extended release matrix capsules showed non-Fickian anomalous transport (coupled diffusion in the hydrated matrix and polymer relaxation) as the values of release exponent (n) are in between 0.50 and 0.89. Finally it was clear that it is possible to design a formulation with any of the above two methods giving the desired drug release profile suggesting that nonaqueous granulation, Direct filling were good methods for preparing extended release matrix capsules of trihexyphenidyl HCl (Benzhexol).
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Ko, Do-Hyun, and Seung-Hwan Boo. "Efficient Structural Dynamic Analysis Using Condensed Finite Element Matrices and Its Application to a Stiffened Plate." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (2022): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121958.
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In this study, we propose effective formulations for modal, frequency response, and transient analyses using condensed matrices of the finite element (FE) model. Employing the iterated improved reduced system (IIRS) method, a transformation matrix is defined that condenses the stiffness and inertial effects of nodes to be neglected into nodes of interest. Using this, the condensed mass and stiffness matrices are derived. With these two condensed matrices, a condensed damping matrix is derived using the Rayleigh damping. By considering the condensed matrices in the original structural dynamic formulation based on the global FE matrices, the condensed structural dynamic formulation is derived, and the approximated solutions are calculated from this condensed formulation. To verify the performance of the proposed formulation, we perform a structural dynamic analysis on a stiffened plate, and by comparison with the solutions calculated from the global FE matrices, the proposed formulations have been found to provide highly accurate solutions with an excellent computational efficiency.
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Kim, Song-Kyoo (Amang). "Advanced Mathematical Business Strategy Formulation Design." Mathematics 8, no. 10 (2020): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101642.
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This paper deals with the explicit design of strategy formulations to make the best strategic choices from a conventional matrix form of representing strategic choices. The explicit strategy formulation is an analytical model that is targeted to provide a mathematical strategy framework to find the best moment for strategy shifting to prepare rapid market changes. This theoretical model could be adapted into practically any strategic decision making situation when a strategic formulation is described as a matrix form with quantitative measured decision parameters. Analytically tractable results are obtained by using the fluctuation theory and these results are able to predict the best moments for changing strategies in a matrix form. This research can help strategy decision makers who want to find the optimal moments of shifting present strategies.
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Guritman, Sugi, Jaharuddin, Teduh Wulandari Mas'oed, and Siswandi. "A FAST COMPUTATION FOR EIGENVALUES OF CIRCULANT MATRICES WITH ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE." MILANG Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications 19, no. 1 (2023): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/milang.19.1.69-80.
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In this article, we derive simple formulations of the eigenvalues, determinants, and also the inverse of circulant matrices whose entries in the first row form an arithmetic sequence. The formulation of the determinant and inverse is based on elementary row and column operations transforming the matrix to an equivalent diagonal matrix so that the formulation is obtained easily. Meanwhile, for the eigenvalues formulation, we simplify the known result of formulation for the general circulant matrices by exploiting the properties of the cyclic group induced by the set of all roots of as the set of points in the unit circle in the complex plane, and also by considering the specific property of arithmetic sequence. Then, we construct an algorithm for the eigenvalues formulation. This algorithm shows a better computation compared to the previously known result for the general case of circulant matrices.
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Deepthi, V. Phani, AMPAPURAM RAJESH PAVAN, G. Naresh Babu, and K. Sreenivasulu. "Formulation and Evaluation of Prulifloxacin Sustained Release Matrix Tablets." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4 (2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4.2974.
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Prulifloxacin is a chemotherapeutic antibiotic of Fluor quinolone drug used to treat a various urinary tract infections. It has short half-life, makes the sustained release (SR) forms extremely advantageous. Sustained release tablets results in increased bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was to develop a sustain release matrix drug delivery system (SR) containing Prulifloxacin as a model drug by using various proportions of polymers such as HPMC E15, HPMC K15. The sustained release formulations of Prulifloxacin were prepared by direct compression method. Optimization of formulation was done by studying effect of drug to polymer ratio on drug release. FT-IR studies indicated absence of any interaction between Prulifloxacin, polymers (HPMC E15 and HPMC K15) and excipients. Ten formulations were prepared and Formulation F8 possesses good drug release property. The tablets were also evaluated for its hardness, friability and other In-vitro evaluation tests. All parameters complied with IP limits. Drug release was diffusion controlled and followed Zero order kinetics. Non-Fickian diffusion was the drug release mechanism for all the tablets formulated. Keywords: Sustained drug delivery system, Prulifloxacin, HPMCE15, HPMCK15
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Jangid, Vikash, Arindam Chatterjee, Saurabh Pandey, Vikash Agarwal, and Deeksha Sharma. "Formulation and Evaluation of Bi-Layer Tablet of Nebivolol and Nateglinide." Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 3 (2023): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v12i3.993.
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In the present work, the Bilayered matrix type tablet were prepared by direct and wet granulation technique, in which immediate release layer ( by direct compression) contains Nebivolol and extended release layer (by wet granulation) contains Nateglinide. All the developed bilayer tablets were evaluated for weight variation, friability, thickness and hardness. The percent deviation from the average weight, friability, thickness and hardness was found to be within the prescribed official limits. Release profile of Nebivolol from formulations indicate that lower MCC (Formulations CF1 and CF3) and lactose (Formulation CF3) content displayed higher release rates as compared to formulation with higher MCC and lactose content (Formulation CF2). Also the concentration of KYRON T-314 is also found to influence the release rate of the drug. It was found that formulation containing the highest concentration of superdisintegrants (Formulation CF3) has grater release then other subsequent formulations (Formulations CF1 and CF3). Similarly, the release profile of Nateglinide from formulations indicate that lower HPMC K15M (Formulation CF3) and lactose (Formulation CF3) content displayed higher release rates as compared to formulation with individual HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, EC (Formulations CF1 and CF2) and higher lactose content (Formulations CF1 and CF2).
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Sana, mubeen Ghulam Razaque Noman ul haq Nisar ahmed G. Mustafa Shahwani Zarmeena khan Aqeel Nasim M. Zeeshan Danish. "FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF CR OFLAXACIN MATRIX TABLET AND THEIR IN-VITRO EVALUATION." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 04 (2018): 2572–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1219957.
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Among the all sophisticated drug deliveries oral drug delivery is known as safest and most convenient rout of administration. DDS are formulated for rapid release, for CDD (Controlled Drug delivery and release) and for targeted drug delivery. Controlled delivery system is the system which deliver the active ingredient at a predetermined rate and time for the local or systemic effect for a definite period of time. Formulation and development of CR made possible by the polymers i.e is synthetic polymers and natural polymers. Eudragit is an Synthetic amorphous polymer, which is non absorbable, non-biodegradable, and non-toxic polymers. Ofloxacin is a synthetic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug considered to be a second generation flouroquinolone.(12) (13) ofloxacin is approved for the treatment of bacterial infection like chronic bronchitis, community acquired pneumonia, acute pelvic inflammatory disease complicated urinary tract infection. In this study CR drug formulated of Ofloxacin by adding Xanthan Gum and Eudragit RL100 polymers with direct compression method. Pre-formulation studies were conducted which all were according to the standards. Three different drug and polymers ratios were incorporated of two different polymers i.e. 10.3, 10.4, 10.5. Invitro dissolution studies were also conducted, the %age release was enhanced in all formulation. The formulation 10.3 in both formulations enhanced the release rate more than the other formulations. These polymers can also be used in other drug preparations and also suitable for development of CR formulations which may extended the drug release.
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Nguyen, Viet Anh, Manfred Zehn, and Dragan Marinković. "AN EFFICIENT CO-ROTATIONAL FEM FORMULATION USING A PROJECTOR MATRIX." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 2 (2016): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume1602227n.
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Co-rotational finite element (FE) formulations can be seen as a very efficient approach to resolving geometrically nonlinear problems in the field of structural mechanics. A number of co-rotational FE formulations have been well documented for shell and beam structures in the available literature. The purpose of this paper is to present a co-rotational FEM formulation for fast and highly efficient computation of large three-dimensional elastic deformations. On the one hand, the approach aims at a simple way of separating the element rigid-body rotation and the elastic deformational part by means of the polar decomposition of deformation gradient. On the other hand, a consistent linearization is introduced to derive the internal force vector and the tangent stiffness matrix based on the total Lagrangian formulation. It results in a non-linear projector matrix. In this way, it ensures the force equilibrium of each element and enables a relatively straightforward upgrade of the finite elements for linear analysis to the finite elements for geometrically non-linear analysis. In this work, a simple 4-node tetrahedral element is used. To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed formulation, nonlinear results from ABAQUS are used as a reference.
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V, Kishan, Swathi Yambadi, and Ramesh Bomma. "Drug Excipient Compatibility, Development and Preliminary Clinical Studies of Tizanidine Hydrochloride Floating Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 14, no. 1 (2021): 5334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2021.14.1.9.
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The objective of this investigation was to develop formulation of floating matrix tablets of tizanidine HCl to prolong the gastric residence time by using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K15M) or xanthan gum as sole release retardant and to check the clinical response. The drug-excipients compatibility studies were conducted using DSC and also by visual observation. Incorporation of NaHCO3 in the formulation resulted incompatibility with drug and therefore, the composition was modified by replacing NaHCO3 with CaCO3 in remaining formulations. Floating matrix tablets of tizanidine were developed by direct compression method and the developed ten formulations exhibited satisfactory physicochemical characteristics and in-vitro buoyancy. Formulation (F9) was selected as optimized formulation based on physicochemical characters, in-vitro buoyancy and drug release, and was used in in-vivo radiographic studies in human volunteers by incorporating BaSO4. In radiographic studies, the gastric retention time of floating tablets was found to be 4 ± 0.86 h (n=3). Optimized floating tablets (F9) were used to know the clinical effects in patients suffering from spasticity under the observation of clinician. The optimized tizanidine HCl floating matrix tablets were developed and found to have gastric retention behaviour in stomach and further were found to have good clinical effects in patients suffering from spasticity during preliminary clinical studies.
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Gureeva, Natalia A., Anatoly P. Nikolaev, and Vladislav N. Yushkin. "Comparative analysis of finite element formulations at plane loading of an elastic body." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 16, no. 2 (2020): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2020-16-2-139-145.
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The aim of the work - comparison of the results of determining the parameters of the stress-strain state of plane-loaded elastic bodies based on the finite element method in the formulation of the displacement method and in the mixed formulation. Methods. Algorithms of the finite element method in various formulations have been developed and applied. Results. In the Cartesian coordinate system, to determine the stress-strain state of an elastic body under plane loading, a finite element of a quadrangular shape is used in two formulations: in the formulation of the method of displacements with nodal unknowns in the form of displacements and their derivatives, and in a mixed formulation with nodal unknowns in the form of displacements and stresses. The approximation of displacements through the nodal unknowns when obtaining the stiffness matrix of the finite element was carried out using the form function, whose elements were adopted Hermite polynomials of the third degree. Upon receipt of the deformation matrix, the displacements and stresses of the internal points of the finite element were approximated through nodal unknowns using bilinear functions. The stiffness matrix of the quadrangular finite element in the formulation of the displacement method is obtained on the basis of a functional based on the difference between the actual workings of external and internal forces under loading of a solid. The matrix of deformation of the finite element was formed on the basis of a mixed functional obtained from the proposed functional by repla-cing the actual work of internal forces with the difference between the total and additional work of internal forces when loading the body. The calculation example shows a significant advantage of using a finite element in a mixed formulation.
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D. V. R. N., Bhikshapathi, Haarika B, Jyothi Sri S, and K. Abbulu. "Preparation and Evaluation of Gemifloxacin Mesylate Floating Matrix Tablets in Healthy Human Volunteers." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 10, no. 1 (2017): 3623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.1.8.
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The purpose of present investigation was to develop floating matrix tablets of gemifloxacin mesylate, which after oral administration could prolong the gastric residence time, increase the drug bioavailability and diminish the side effects of irritating drugs. Tablets containing drug, various viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose such as HPMC K4M and HPMC K15M as matrix forming agent, Sodium bicarbonate as gas-forming agent and different additives were tested for their usefulness in formulating gastric floating tablets by direct compression method. The physical parameters, in vitro buoyancy, release characteristics and in vivo radiographic study were investigated in this study. The gemifloxacin mesylate floating tablets were prepared using HPMC K4M polymer giving more sustained drug release than the tablet containing HPMC K15M. All these formulations showed floating lag time of 30 to 47 sec and total floating time more than 12 h. The drug release was decreased when polymer concentration increases and gas generating agent decreases. Formulation that contains maximum concen-tration of both HPMC K15M and sodium bicarbonate (F9) showing sufficiently sustained with 99.2% of drug release at 12 h. The drug release from optimized formulation follows Higuchi model that indicates the diffusion controlled release. The best formulation (F9) was selected based on in vitro characteristics and used in vivo radiographic studies by incorporating barium sulphate as a radio-opaque agent and the tablet remained in the stomach for about 6 h. 
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Tompson, Debra, Mark Whitaker, Rennan Pan, et al. "Development of a Once-Daily Modified-Release Formulation for the Short Half-Life RIPK1 Inhibitor GSK2982772 using DiffCORE Technology." Pharmaceutical Research 39, no. 1 (2022): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-021-03124-7.
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Abstract Purpose GSK2982772 is a selective inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) with a short 2- to 3-h half-life. In a previous modified-release (MR) study, a matrix monolithic formulation (80% GSK2982772 released over 12 h) provided a once-daily (QD) pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in the fasted state; however, it was susceptible to food effects. The current study evaluated the safety and PK of MR formulations using GSK proprietary DiffCORE™ technology. Methods Part A evaluated PK following single-dose (240 mg) fasted and fed (high-fat meal) administration of three DiffCORE MR formulations within pre-defined in vitro extremes of 80% GSK2982772 released over 12 h (MR-12 h) to 80% GSK2982772 released over 18 h (MR-18 h) versus an immediate-release formulation. Part B evaluated MR-16 h (120–960 mg) in different prandial states. Results Pharmacokinetic profiles for all MR formulations and doses tested in the fasted and fed states were consistent with QD dosing. Conclusions The DiffCORE technology overcame the food effect vulnerability observed with the matrix monolithic formulation. The MR-16 h formulation was selected for further clinical development as a QD dosing regimen (NCT03649412 September 26, 2018).
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Rahman, Syed Ata Ur, and Neeraj Sharma. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MATRIX TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF GLIBENCLAMIDE." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (2018): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1993.
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The present study deals with the formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches of Glibenclamide towards enhance its permeation through the skin and maintain the plasma level concentration. Transdermal patches were prepared by using polymers like Chitosan, HPMC 15cps and EC 20cpsat various concentrations by solvent casting technique employing dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer and iso-propylmyristate as permeation enhancer. The transdermal patches were evaluated for their physico-chemical properties and in-vitro drug release. The transdermal patches were found to be transparent and smooth in texture. Among the formulations studied, at the end of 12th hour, the minimum and maximum in-vitro drug release was observed for the formulations F12 and F4 i.e. 80.012 ± 2.012 % and 98.365±3.012% respectively. The mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian diffusion controlled. FT-IR studies revealed the integrity of the drug in the formulations.
 Keywords: Transdermal Patches, Glibenclamide, Chitosan, HPMC 15cps, EC 20 cps, in-vitro diffusion studies.
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Older, J. K., and P. C. Johns. "Matrix formulation of computed tomogram reconstruction." Physics in Medicine and Biology 38, no. 8 (1993): 1051–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/38/8/004.
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Zielinski, A. "Matrix formulation for Dolph-Chebyshev beamforming." Proceedings of the IEEE 74, no. 12 (1986): 1799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13692.
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Renaud, P. F. "A matrix formulation of Grüss inequality." Linear Algebra and its Applications 335, no. 1-3 (2001): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3795(01)00278-6.
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Cohen, J., and Y. Avishai. "Transfer matrix formulation of AC magnetoconductance." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 7, no. 46 (1995): 8791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/7/46/009.
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Palaninathan, R., and P. S. Chandrasekharan. "Curved beam element stiffness matrix formulation." Computers & Structures 21, no. 4 (1985): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(85)90143-9.
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Cohen, J., and Y. Avishai. "Transfer Matrix Formulation of a.c. Conductance." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 27, no. 7 (1994): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/27/7/006.
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Limaye, Balmohan V. "Matrix formulation for infinite-rank operators." Operators and Matrices, no. 2 (2012): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7153/oam-06-26.
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Levin, I. A., D. Otero, A. N. Proto, and V. Zunino. "Correlation-operators in density matrix formulation." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 151, no. 2-3 (1988): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(88)90026-x.
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Ujjwal, Kukreti, Nainwal Nidhi, Ale Yogita, et al. "Release Kinetic of Sustained Release Matrix Tablet of Linezolid Containing Polymer Blend." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 15, no. 03 (2024): 1479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.15.3.60.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection mainly affecting the lungs. TB is a major health problem worldwide and the occurrence of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) offers considerable hurdles to effective treatment and disease management. The growth of treatment-resistant Mycobacterium TB strains has prompted the investigation of alternate therapeutic techniques, including the application of sustained drug delivery. Sustained-release drugs reduce the need for frequent dosing can extend the effects of linezolid by 8 to 12 hours, thus improving the patient’s adherence to the treatment. The objective of this study is to formulate oral sustained-release linezolid tablets employing blends of polymers like hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)- K100M, ethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and chitosan to provide sustained drug release. Linezolid was made into a sustained-release tablet by employing the direct compression method using different drug-polymer ratios. Formulated tablets were compared with marketed formulations to assess the similarity factor. The formulation was assessed for drug-excipient interaction, solubility, flow properties, etc. The diameter, friability, thickness, hardness, weight variation, in-vitro drug release, and drug release kinetics of compressed tablets were examined. Drug release research proved that all polymers were able to sustain drug release. Formulation (F5) with HPMC (100mg) and ethyl cellulose (100mg) resulted in 49.89% drug release after 8 hours, making it the optimal formulation. According to the kinetic model of the drug release, the Higuchi model was selected, which indicates the diffusion of the drug from an insoluble matrix. The optimized formulation showed a similarity factor of 52% with the marketed formulation, suggesting similarity in drug release between these two formulations.
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Saleh N., Safiya, Swati Vikas, and Niranjan Panda. "Design, Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Oxybutynin HCl Floating Matrix Tablets." JOURNAL OF DRUG VIGILANCE AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES 01, no. 03 (2021): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52816/jdvat.2021.1302.
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The goal of this study was to prepare and test a hydrodynamically balanced floating matrix controlled Oxybutynin HCl drug delivery system. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes M1, M2, and M3 are competitively antagonized by oxybutynin HCl. It is used to treat urinary and bladder problems. It has a 10-12 h elimination half-life. The effervescence produced by the combination of sodium bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid in the stomach causes the Oxybutynin HCl tablets to float in the stomach. Twelve alternative floating tablet formulations were made utilizing direct compression using hydrophilic polymers like HPMC K4M, K15M, and K100M and hydrophobic polymers such ethyl cellulose in various ratios. The produced formulation was characterized using FTIR and DSC analysis. In terms of general appearance, content consistency, hardness, friability, and buoyancy, the examination found that all formulations meet the specifications of official pharmacopoeias and/or standard reference. Formulation F11, which contained 25% HPMC K100M and 12.5% ethyl cellulose, had the best in vitro drug release up to 99% after 12 hours. The formulations with more than 12.5% NaHCO3 had a floating time of more than 12 hours. In vitro drug release kinetics of improved formulation F11 were discovered to be zero order, with anomalous diffusion coupled with erosion being the drug release mechanism. At the conclusion of 90 days, accelerated stability studies revealed negligible change in physicochemical attributes and drug release profiles, indicating that all the formulations were stable.
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Boidya, Joya, Ikramul Hasan, and Md Selim Reza. "Carvedilol Matrix Tablet: Formulation and In Vitro Assessment." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23, no. 1 (2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v23i1.45316.
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The present study was conducted for preparing and assessing different in-vitro characteristics of hydrophilic polymer based matrix tablets of carvedilol. Nine formulations of matrix tablet were prepared using three hydrophilic polymers having 1% of three different dissolution enhancers. The matrix formers were sodium-carboxy methyl cellulose, Methocel K4M CR, Methocel K100M CR and the dissolution enhancers were PEG 6000, Poloxamer 188 and Kollidon-CLSF. Formulations F-10, F- 13 and F-16 contained PEG 6000 as dissolution enhancer, formulations F-11, F-14 and F-17 contained Poloxamer 188 and formulations F-12, F-15 and F-18 contained Kollidon-CLSF. Tablet granules were evaluated for bulk density (0.293 ± 0.012 to 0.310 ± 0.004 g/ml), tapped bulk density (0.368 ± 0.013 to 0.380 ± 0.012 g/ml) and compressibility index (16.612 ± 1.868 to 22.834 ± 5.426). The data indicated satisfactory flow properties of granules during compression. The tablets were subjected to thickness (1.79±0.04mm), hardness (11.46 ± 1.06 kg/cm), and friability (0.26 ± 0.06%) measurements. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 12 hrs using USP type II dissolution apparatus in 6.8 buffer as the dissolution medium where release mechanisms were subjected to zero order, first order, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Hixson-Crowell and Higuchi kinetic studies. The order of dissolution enhancing power was PEG 6000 > Poloxamer 188 >Kllidon-CLSF. The drug release from the tablets followed erosion mechanisms. Among all the formulation F-13, F-14 and F-17 exhibited USP complied in vitro dissolution profiles.
 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 23(1): 26-31, 2020
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Vivekanandan, K. 1. *. Dr. Gunasekaran V. 2. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COLON TARGETED MATRIX FORMULATIONS OF BUDESONIDE OF PREDNISOLONE." Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy 7, no. 9 (2018): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1421246.
Full textAbstract:
<strong><em>ABSTARCT</em></strong> <strong><em>I</em></strong><em>n the present research work sustained release matrix formulation of Budesonide targeted to colon by using various polymers developed. </em><em>Budesonide is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with pH-dependent solubility. To achieve pH-independent drug release of budesonide, pH modifying agents (buffering agents) were used. Colon targeted tablets were prepared in two steps. Initially core tablets were prepared and then the tablets were coated by using different pH dependent polymers. Ethyl cellulose, Eudragit L100 and S100 were used as enteric coating polymers. The precompression blend of all formulations was subjected to various flow property tests and all the formulations were passed the tests. The tablets were coated by using polymers and the coated tablets were subjected to various evaluation techniques. The tablets were passed all the tests. Among all the formulations F3 formulation was found to be optimized as it was retarded the drug release up to 12 hours and showed maximum of 98.69% drug release. It followed zero order kinetics mechanism.</em> <strong><em>KEYWORDS: </em></strong><em>Budesonide, Colon targeted drug delivery system, Ethyl cellulose, Eudragit L100, Eudragit S 100.</em>