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Escobar-Mejia, Andres. "Indirect Matrix Converter as Standard Power Electronic Interface." Thesis, University of Arkansas, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3667722.
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The increase in the penetration levels of distributed generation in the modern power grid and its importance in future energy systems have accelerated the interest of developing new power electronic interfaces for the energy conversion process. The feasibility of applying the indirect matrix converter as the standard power electronic interface for applications with power ratings from several kW to few MW is addressed in this dissertation. Special attention is given to those applications where space dominates the power electronic requirements. The main motivation for using the indirect matrix converter is that eliminates the energy storage component in the way of a dc-link capacitor for the energy conversion process. This contributes to reduce size and weight, and potentially, increase reliability of the power electronic interface. Two main new contributions are presented. First, a new power electronic interface that allows the connection of two ac power grids through a medium- or high-voltage dc system is proposed. The new topology contemplates the use of two high-voltage dc-link converters based on the modular multilevel converter, two indirect matrix converters and two medium-frequency transformers. Second, a new sensorless control technique working in the d – q reference is developed. The controller is used to interface a distributed generation unit to the power grid when the indirect matrix converter is used as the power electronic interface. The design and performance of the proposed power electronic interface is validated through time-domain simulations and a laboratory prototype is built to experimentally validate the sensorless controller.
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Smith, Joel Edmund. "Development of improved metal matrix composite via the control of interface and matrix microstructure." Thesis, University of Bath, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296330.
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Zhuang, Linqi. "Fiber/matrix interface crack propagation in polymeric unidirectional composite." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17391.
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Fiber/matrix interface cracking plays an important role in determining the final failure of unidirectional composites. In the present study, energy release rate (ERR) for fiber/matrix interface debond growth originated from fiber break in unidirectional composite is calculated using 5-cylinders axisymmetric and 3-D FEM models with hexagonal fiber arrangement. In the model the debonded fiber is central in the hexagonal unit which is surrounded by effective composite. The effect of neighboring fibers focusing on local fiber clustering on the ERR is analyzed by varying the distance between fibers in the unit. Two different scenarios are considered, one is the steady-state debond where debond are long and thus there is no interaction between debond tip and fiber break; the other case is when debond are relatively short when debond tip interacts with fiber break. The steady-state ERR is calculated from potential energy difference between a unit in the bonded region far away from the debond front and a unit in the debonded region far behind the debond front. The ERR for different modes of crack propagation is obtained from a FEM model containing a long debond by analyzing the stress at the debond front. For very short debonds, the ERR was calculated by both the J integral and the Virtual crack closure technique (VCCT).For steady-state debond growth, results show that in mechanical axial tensile loading fracture Mode II is dominating, it has strong angular dependence (effect of closest fibers) but the average ERR is not sensitive to the local fiber clustering. In thermal loading the Mode III is dominating and the average ERR is highly dependent on the distance to neighboring fibers. For short debod growth, results show that the debond growth is Mode II dominated and that the ERR strongly depends on the angular coordinate. The local fiber clustering has larger effect on the angular variation for shorter debonds and the effect increases with larger local fiber volume fraction. Finally, the ERR values from 5-cylinder axisymmetric model could be considered as upper bound for the 3-D hexagonal model.Godkänd; 2016; 20160415 (linzhu); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Linqi Zhuang Ämne: Polymera konstruktionsmaterial/Polymeric Composite Material Uppsats: Fiber/Matrix Interface Crack Propagation in Polymeric Unidirectional Composite Examinator: Professor Janis Varna, Avdelningen för materialvetenskap, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Luleå tekniska universitet, Luleå. Diskutant: PhD, R&D Manager Anders Holmberg, ABB AB Composites, Piteå. Tid: Fredag 27 maj, 2016 kl 15.00 Plats: F531, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Miller, Sandi G. "Effects of Nanoparticle and Matrix Interface on Nanocomposite Properties." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1216947385.
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Kieschke, Robert Richard. "The interface region in titanium reinforced with silicon carbide monofilaments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335165.
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Scaffa, Polliana Mendes Candia 1983. "Estudo do perfil proteolítico da matriz dentinária e interface adesiva = comportamento mecânico, bioquímico e efeito da clorexidina." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289853.
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Orientador: Marcela Rocha de Oliveira Carrilho, Mario Fernando de GóesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T04:19:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scaffa_PollianaMendesCandia_D.pdf: 3692601 bytes, checksum: 6b5331b03a6d5fcfc0192039b767ea01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Para o entendimento do processo de adesão à dentina é fundamental conhecer a estrutura bioquímica e biomecânica deste substrato em condições normais ou quando submetido às diferentes etapas do procedimento restaurador adesivo. Evidências indicam que a reportada degradação da camada híbrida pode ocorrer pela ação de enzimas proteolíticas, pertencentes à família das metaloproteinases da matriz (MMPs) e das cisteíno-catepsinas (CTs). No entanto, é ainda necessário elucidar as funções biológicas dessas enzimas nesse processo, bem como, definir uma estratégia para prolongar a durabilidade das restaurações adesivas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil proteolítico da dentina humana frente a sua exposição a diferentes concentrações de digluconato de clorexidina (CHX), um potente inibidor da atividade de MMPs. O efeito da CHX sobre a atividade proteolítica intrínseca da dentina foi avaliado a partir da análise do comportamento mecânico e bioquímico da matriz dentinária e da durabilidade de restaurações adesivas. No primeiro estudo, foi analisada a capacidade da CHX em inibir a atividade das CTs (B, K e L) por hidrólise de substratos fluorogênicos específicos, verificando a afinidade de ligação entre a CHX e as enzimas. No segundo estudo, o tratamento da matriz de dentina com diferentes concentrações de CHX foi avaliado pela análise do módulo de elasticidade e do grau de hidrólise do colágeno (liberação de hidroxiprolina) após armazenagem das amostras em solução fisiológica por 1 dia, 7 ou 30 dias. Finalmente, a função terapêutica da CHX como agente inibitório da atividade proteolítica da dentina foi investigada a partir de sua capacidade em preservar a integridade mecânica (resistência de união) e morfológica de interfaces adesivas tratadas com diferentes concentrações de CHX (0,2; 2,2 e 22 mM) e armazenadas por 6 a 18 meses. No terceiro estudo, a presença das CT-B e CT-K na dentina humana foram avaliadas por imunomarcação em MEV e MET. A atividade enzimática das MMPs e CTs na dentina e uma possível interação entre as duas famílias de enzimas foram verificadas por zimografia in situ e por espectrofluorimetria. Os resultados mostraram, de forma até então inédita, que a CHX é um potente inibidor das CTs presentes no complexo dentino-pulpar. No entanto, a CHX não foi capaz de preservar integralmente o módulo de elasticidade (E) da matriz dentinária após o período mais longo de armazenagem. De modo similar, maior grau de hidrólise do colágeno ocorreu após 30 dias de armazenamento para as amostras que não foram tratadas com CHX ou que foram tratadas com baixa concentração da mesma (0,2 mM) (p<0,05). Notavelmente, o grau de hidrólise do colágeno foi mínimo ou insignificante quando a matriz dentinária foi tratada com concentração mais elevada de CHX (22 mM) (p>0,05). A CHX não afetou a resistência de união imediata da interface adesiva e preservou a resistência da união dentina/resina mesmo após 6 ou 18 meses de armazenamento. Similarmente, menor grau de nanoinfiltração com prata, significando maior integridade morfológica, foi observado para os espécimes tratados com CHX e envelhecidos por 6 ou 18 meses em comparação com as amostras do grupo controle. As imagens de imuno-histoquímica mostraram que as proteases CT-B e CT-K estão presentes na dentina humana, e não apenas na região de pré-dentina e interior dos túbulos dentinários como anteriormente antecipado. A zimografia in situ sugere que a atividade gelatinolítica das MMPs na dentina parece ser preponderante em relação à atividade das CTs, embora a espectrofluorimetria sugira que a atividade proteolítica de ambas as famílias de enzimas esteja presente no tecido dentinário. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que MMPs e CTs podem atuar sinergicamente na degradação da matriz orgânica dentinária, mas que parte dessa atividade proteolítica pode ser controlada pela presença de CHX, sobretudo, se essa estiver confinada no interior da camada híbrida
Abstract: To better understand the process of adhesion to dentin is essential to understand the biochemical and biomechanical structures of this substrate under normal conditions or when subjected to the different steps of the adhesive restorative procedure. Evidences indicate that the hybrid layer degradation can result from the activity of proteolytic enzymes, belonging to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine-cathepsins (CTs). However, it is still necessary to comprehend the role of these enzymes in this degrading process as well as to determine the best way to extend the durability of adhesive restorations. The general purpose of the present study was to characterize the human dentin proteolytic profile when exposed to different concentration of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), a potent inhibitor of MMPs activity. The effect of CHX on the dentin endogenous proteolytic activity was evaluated by the analysis of dentin matrix mechanical and biochemical properties and adhesive restorations durability. The first study evaluated the CHX ability to inhibit CTs (B, K and L) activity by the hydrolysis of fluorogenic substrates, verifying the binding affinity between CHX and enzymes. The dentin matrix treatment with different CHX concentrations was evaluated in the second study by the elastic modulus (E) and degree of collagen hydrolysis (hydroxyproline release) after storage for 1, 7 or 30 days in saline solution. Finally, the CHX therapeutic action as an inhibitor of dentin proteolytic activity was investigated by its ability to maintain the mechanical (bond strength) and morphological (nanoleakage) properties of adhesive interfaces treated with different CHX concentrations (0.2, 2.2 and 22 mM) after aging for 6 to 18 months. The third study evaluated the presence of CT-B and CT-K in human dentin using immunolabeling in SEM and TEM. MMPs and CTs proteolytic activities and a possible interaction between these two families were verified by in situ zymography and by spectrofluorimetry. Results showed, for the first time, that the CHX is a potent inhibitor of CTs in the pulp-dentin complex. However, CHX was not able to preserve the integrity of the dentin matrix E after the longest storage period. Likewise, higher collagen hydrolysis occurred after 30 days of storage when the samples were not treated or treated with low CHX concentration (0.2 mM) (p<0.05). It was noticeable that the collagen hydrolysis was minimum or insignificant when the dentin matrix was treated with the highest CHX concentration (22 mM) (p>0.05). CHX did not affect the immediate bond strength of adhesive interfaces and preserved the resin/dentin bond strength even after 6 or 18 months of storage. Similarly, less nanoleakage with silver particles, which means better morphological integrity, was observed for specimens treated with CHX and aged for 6 or 18 months in comparison with control samples. Immunohistochemistry images showed that the proteases CT-B and CT-K are present in human dentin matrix, not only in pre-dentin region and inside the dentin tubules as previous suggested. In situ zymography suggests that the MMPs gelatinolytic activity in dentin seems to be predominant when compared to CTs activities, although the spectrofluorimetry suggests that the proteolytic activity of both families of enzymes are present in dentin. In this way, it was concluded that MMPs and CTs may synergistically act in the dentin organic matrix degradation, but part of this proteolytic activity can be controlled by the presence of CHX, especially when it is restrained inside the hybrid layer
Doutorado
Materiais Dentarios
Doutora em Materiais Dentários
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Levchuk, Svetlana. "Interface development for a EUROFER steel matrix composite with SiC-fibre reinforcement." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97895694X.
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Elouaer, Abdelmonem. "Contribution à la compréhension et à la modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux composites à renfort en fibres végétales." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS003/document.
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L’industrie des matériaux composites ne cesse d’évoluer et de croître en mettant en place de nouveaux matériaux et de nouvelles technologies. En substitution des matériaux d’origine fossile que les matériaux d’origine naturelles (et surtout végétales) commencent à voir le jour. C’est dans ce contexte que notre travail de recherche est proposé. Il s’intéresse à la caractérisation du comportement mécanique d’un composite à matrice Polypropylène, renforcé avec des fibres de Chanvre et du bois de Chanvre (Chènevotte). Les différents moyens et techniques de caractérisation, utilisés par la présente étude, ont montré que ces nouveaux matériaux sont dotés de propriétés, en particulier mécaniques, de haut niveau, qui viennent rivaliser avec celles des autres composites classiques à base de fibres de verre et de carbone.Les essais expérimentaux en statique et de fatigue, ont révélé beaucoup de détails en comparaison avec d’autres matériaux composites. Ces informations ont permis de créer une sorte de base de données qui pourra servir de référence pour d’autres composites de la même famille à base de fibres végétales. Ainsi, des mécanismes d’endommagement ont été mis en évidence grâce aux essais mécaniques (traction monotone, charge-décharge, …) associés à des observations microscopiques (Microscope Electronique à Balayage), et à des outils de détection du dommage basés sur l’émission acoustique. Par le biais de cette technique, nous avons pu apprécier la qualité et l’importance de l’interface fibre/matrice qui est un paramètre fondamental pour la présente étude et pour la détermination de la loi de comportement du composite.La modélisation micromécanique a été intégrée dans ce travail de thèse, grâce au modèle de Mori-Tanaka. Le comportement des matériaux à l’endommagement n’a pas été pris en considération ; seule l’élasticité a été étudiée. A l’aide de ce modèle, nous avons pu remonter aux propriétés intrinsèques des constituants (le module d’élasticité longitudinale des renforts: Chanvre et Chènevotte)The composites industry continues to evolve and grow by developing new materials and new technologies. Replacing fossil materials by materials with natural origin (especially vegetable) seems to be one of the most promising. In this context our research is proposed. It is interested to characterize the mechanical behavior of a polypropylene matrix composite reinforced with fibers of Hemp and Wood of Hemp (Chenevotte). The various means and characterization techniques used in this study showed that these new materials have interesting mechanical properties, coming rival those of other conventional composites based on carbon and glass fibers.The experimental static and fatigue tests have revealed many details in comparison with other composite materials. The information help creates a database that can serve as reference for other composites of the same family and vegetable fibers. Mechanisms of damage have been highlighted through mechanical tests (tensile monotonous charge-discharge …) associated with microscopic observations (Scanning Electron Microscope), and tools for damage detection based on emission acoustics. Thanks to this technique, we could improve the quality of the interface fiber / matrix which is a basic parameter for this study and for determining the behavior of composite.Micromechanical modeling has been integrated in this thesis, through the Mori-Tanaka model. The behavior of materials during damage has not been taken into account: only the elasticity has been studied. Using this model, we were able to trace the intrinsic properties of the constituents (the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of the reinforcements: Hemp and Chenevotte)
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Zhong, Yunlong [Verfasser]. "Interface Structure, Interface Properties and Tensile Properties of Single Crystalline Al2O3 Fiber Reinforced NiAl and IP75 Matrix Composites / Yunlong Zhong." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1164341332/34.
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Funn, John V. "Creep behavior of the interface region in continuous fiber reinforced metal-matrix composites." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341255.
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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1997."September 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Indranath Dutta. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93). Also available online.
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Chambers, Brent Victor. "The synthesis and characterization of model interface couples for inorganic matrix composite applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32135.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-164).
by Brent Victor Chambers.
Ph.D.
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Prangnell, Philip B. "The development of matrix and interface microstructures and their effect on the mechanical behaviour of SiC particulate reinforced Al matrix composites." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239188.
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Karevan, Mehdi. "Understanding effects of nano-reinforcement-matrix interphase on the elastic response of polymer nanocomposites." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52916.
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Current technology of polymer nanocomposites (PNC) emphasizes the need for fundamental understanding of the links between manufacturing method and macro-scale properties in order to engineer processing and performance of PNCs. The manufacturing method is one key variable that dramatically defines interfacial interactions on the nano-scale and thus the properties of polymer near the interface of nanomaterial/polymer or interphase, level of dispersion and the crystallization behavior of semi-crystalline PNCs. These factors in particular govern reinforcing mechanisms at the interface and consequently impart important properties to PNCs. The current approach to manufacturing PNCs involves trial and error with elaborate, costly and time consuming experimental characterization of PNCs. Therefore, a deep insight into the links among manufacturing method, interfacial interactions and bulk properties is essential in order to design and fabricate PNCs with engineered performance.
The main goal of this study was to provide a better understanding of the effect of manufacturing methods on the macro-scale properties of PNCs, with a focus on the role of interfacial interactions, that can lead to fabrication of PNCs with multifunctional performance. The objectives of this research were to: i) determine the detail correlations among manufacturing method, nano- and microstructure and macro-scale properties of multifunctional exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets/polyamide 12 polymer nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and electrical performance through systematic manufacturing and experimental methodologies, ii) understand correlations among nano-scale interfacial interactions, physical and structural properties of the polymer at the interface and macro-scale behavior of PNCs, and iii) evaluate effect of manufacturing method on electrical behavior of PNCs with directionally dependent performance.
This study demonstrated key correlations among manufacturing techniques, interfacial interactions and macro-scale properties of PNCs. A methodology was introduced to understand and determine the characteristics of a complex constrained region produced at the interface of nanomaterials and polymer in semi-crystalline PNCs. Finally, the study illustrated superior electrical and morphological properties of selective laser sintering (SLS) processed parts over injection molded PNCs and thus confirmed the capability of SLS in the development of electrically conductive PNCs that exhibit multifunctional performance. In conclusion, the study provided an insight into the links among process, nano-scale interfacial interactions and microstructure to better understand effects of manufacturing technique on macro-scale properties of PNCs, which enables fabrication of conductive PNCs with multifunctional performance.
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Shin, Hyunho. "Interface reactions and their influence on properties of SiC fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19122.
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Wern, Chien Wei. "Fiber and fiber-matrix interface effects on the orthogonal cutting of fiber reinforced plastics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7133.
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Limaiem, Sarra. "Étude et développement d’une interface fibre-matrice spécifique dans les composites à matrice thermoplastique renforcés en fibres de verre continues." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH8553.
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Au cours de cette étude, il a été question de développer une méthodologie d’élaboration et d’évaluation de la qualité de l’interface fibre-matrice au sein d’un composite à matrice polyamide 12 renforcé par du verre. Un modèle macroscopique a été élaboré dans un premier temps sous forme d’un assemblage lame de verre/film polyamide 12, et plusieurs promoteurs d’adhésion, principalement des organosilanes, de fonctionnalités différentes et compatibles avec la matrice polyamide ont été testés. La qualité du greffage a pu être caractérisée grâce à des techniques d’analyses physico-chimiques adaptées (AFM, PM-IRRAS, mouillabilité,…), et la performance adhésive des assemblages a pu être évaluée par des tests mécaniques spécifiques (pelage, clivage). Dans une seconde étape, le protocole de dépôt décrit à l’échelle macroscopique a été adapté à l’échelle des fibres de verre, plus particulièrement à l’échelle mésoscopique des fibres optiques. Des essais mécaniques spécifiques à l’échelle microscopique (fragmentation) ont été réalisés afin d’évaluer la performance adhésive de l’interface dans les assemblages concernés. Une étude focalisée sur la compréhension des mécanismes interfaciaux a également été réalisée afin de clarifier la nature des interactions établies à l’interface fibre-matrice. Grâce aux différentes techniques de caractérisation physico-chimiques il a été possible de mettre en évidence l’influence de différents paramètres expérimentaux, tels que la durée du greffage, la densité de greffage et la chimie des surfaces traitées, sur la cristallisation de la matrice à l’interface. La dernière partie de ce travail de thèse concerne le passage à l’échelle du semi-produit sous forme de rubans. Des analyses des propriétés de l’interface ainsi que des caractéristiques mécaniques ont été réaliséesDuring this study, the aim was to develop a methodology to elaborate and evaluate the quality of the fiber-matrix interface in a glass fiber reinforced polyamide 12 composite.At first, a macroscopic model was developed using a glass slide/polyamide 12 film assembly. Several organosilane adhesion promoters with different features and compatible with the polyamide matrix were tested. The grafting quality was characterized through appropriate physico-chemical analytical techniques (AFM, PM-IRRAS, Wetting…), and the adhesive performance of the assemblies was evaluated by specific mechanical tests (Peel test, Wedge test). In a second step, the deposition procedure described in macroscopic scale has been adapted to the glass fibers’ scale, more particularly to optical fibers. Specific mechanical tests were performed (fragmentation test) to assess the adhesive performance at the interface of the concerned assemblies.A study focused on the understanding of the interfacial mechanisms was also conducted to clarify the nature of the interactions established at the fiber-matrix interface. Thanks to the different physico-chemical characterization techniques, it has been possible to demonstrate the influence of various experimental parameters such as the surface treatment time, the grafting density and the chemistry on the treated surfaces on the crystallization of the matrix at the interface. The last part of this work concerns the transition to the semi-scale form of ribbons. The analysis of the interface’s properties and the mechanical characteristics has been investigated
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Zhuang, Linqi. "Effects of Non-uniform Fiber Distribution on Fiber/matrix Interface Crack Propagation in Polymeric Composites." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62974.
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Fiber/matrix interface cracking plays an important role in determining the final failureof unidirectional (UD) composites. When subjected to longitudinally tensile loading,fiber/matrix interface debonds originate from fiber breaks or initial defects propagatealong loading direction. Depending on the quality of fiber/matrix interface, debondscould keep growing longitudinally which leads to the degradation of compositestiffness or kink out of interface and connect with neighboring debonds or fiberbreaks that forms a so called critical fracture plane which leads to the final failure ofUD composite. For UD composite subjected to transversely tensile loading, theinitiation, growth and coalesce of arc-shape fiber/matrix interface debonds result inthe formation of macro-size transverse cracks, the propagation and multiplication ofthese transverse cracks, although would not directly lead to the final failure ofcomposite, could cause significant stiffness degradation of composite structures.In the presence thesis, the growth of a fiber/matrix interface debond of a UDcomposite with hexagonal fiber packing under longitudinal and transverse tensileloading was investigated numerically, with the special focus on the influence ofneighboring fibers. In the current study, energy release rate (ERR) is considered as thedriving force for the debond growth and was calculated based on J Integral andVirtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) using finite element software ANSSY.Papers A – C in the present thesis deal with the influence of neighboring fibers on theERR of a debond emanating from a fiber break under longitudinal loading condition.In longitudinal loading case, debond growth is mode II dominated. In paper A, anaxisymmetric model consisting 5 concentric cylinders that represent broken fiber withdebond, surrounding matrix, neighboring fibers, surrounding matrix and effectivecomposite was generated. It’s found that there are two stages of debond growth, thefirst stage is when debond length is short, the ERR decreases with increasing debondlength, and the presence of neighboring fibers significantly increase the ERR ofdebond. For relatively long debond, the debond growth is steady when ERR is almostconstant regardless of debond length. In steady state of debond growth, the presenceof neighboring fibers have little effect on the ERR. In papers B and C, a 3-D modelwas generated with broken fiber and its 6 nearest fibers in a hexagonal packed UDcomposite were modelled explicitly, surrounded by the homogenized composite. Based on the obtained results, it’s shown that ERR is varying along debond front, andhas its maximum at the circumferential location where the distance between two fibercenter is the smallest. This indicates that the debond front is not a circle. For steadystate debond, the presence of neighboring fibers have little effect on averaged ERR(averages of ERR along debond front). For short debond, the presences ofneighboring fibers increases the averaged ERR, and that increase is more significantwhen inter-fiber distance is the smallest. Paper D investigates the growth of afiber/matrix debond along fiber circumference under transverse loading. It’s foundthat debond growth in this case is mixed-mode, and both mode I and mode II ERRcomponents increase with increasing debond angle and then decreases. Debondgrowth is mode I dominated for small debond angle and then switch to mode IIdominated. The presence of neighboring fibers have an enhancement effect on debondgrowth up to certain small debond angle and then changes to a protective effect. InPaper E, the interaction between two arc-size debond under transverse loading isinvestigated. It’s found that when two debonds are close to each other, the interactionbetween two debond becomes much stronger, and that interaction leads to the increaseof ERR of each debond significantly, which facilitates further growth for bothdebond.
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Adhikari, Amit. "Polymer Matrix Composite: Thermally Conductive GreasesPreparation and Characterization." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1556282222035491.
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Xu, Quan. "A Method to Evaluate the Interfacial Friction Between Carbon Nanotubes and Matrix." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1302202094.
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Yhuel, Grégory. "Contribution à l’étude de polyesters aliphatiques renforcés par des fibres naturelles." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS019/document.
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De par ses propriétés thermomécaniques proches des polyoléfines, le poly(butylene succinate)est l’un des polymères biosourcés les plus attractifs pour la substitution de matériaux pétro-sourcés pour des applications automobiles. L’incorporation de fibres de chanvre, via une étape d’extrusion,renforce la matrice et permet de tendre vers les propriétés cibles exigées par les cahiers des charges automobiles pour les applications visées dans cette étude. Afin d’améliorer les propriétés thermomécaniques de ce matériau, trois sujets ont été développés dans cette étude :1- Qualification de l’interface PBS / fibres de chanvre : via une nouvelle méthodologie basée sur l’analyse de la contribution effective des fibres sur la contrainte (CFC) durant une sollicitation mécanique, il est montré que les liaisons hydrogène formées entre le PBSet la fibre influent fortement sur les mécanismes de transfert de charge. Couplée au modèle de Bowyer et Bader, cette approche permet d’identifier les mécanismes d’endommagement de l’interface et de quantifier la contrainte interfaciale (τchanvre/PBS=25,2MPa).2 - Signification du ratio L/D d’une fibre naturelle : au cours des procédés de mises en oeuvre (extrusion et injection), la morphologie d’une fibre végétale évolue et apparait complexe due à la structure branchée engendrée par la fibrillation. A partir d’une nouvelleméthodologie d’analyse d’images spécifiquement développée, il est montré que la fibrillation contribue au renforcement de la matrice au même titre que le défibrage.3 -Synthèse de PBS-co-amides : afin de couvrir les contraintes thermomécaniques exigées,l’introduction de groupements amide dans le PBS est étudiée pour augmenter le point de fusion du polymère. Afin de contourner notamment la réaction parasite de cyclisation entre l’acide succinique et les amines, une stratégie de synthèses multi-étapes de monomères et de poly(ester-amide) est étudiée permettant d’obtenir un PEA de faible masse molaire dont le point de fusion atteint 172°CWith its thermomechanical properties closed to polyolefins, poly(butylene succinate) is one ofthe most interesting bio-based polymers for substitution of oil-based polymers for automotive applications. Addition of hemp fibers, through an extrusion process step, reinforces matrix and enables to fit with the targeted technical profile required by automotive specifications. In order to improve thermomechanical properties, three main topics have been investigated in this study:1 - PBS / hemp fibers interface qualification: through a new methodology based on the analysis of the effective fiber contribution on stress during mechanical solicitation, it was shown that hydrogen bonds between PBS and fibers play a major role in load transfer.Combined with the Bowyer and Bader model, this approach enables to highlight interface damages and to determine the interfacial shear strength (τhemp/PBS=25,2 MPa)2 - Meaning of natural fiber L/D ratio: during processes (extrusion and injection), vegetal fiber morphology changes and becomes complex due to the fibrillated structure. With anew developed image analysis tool, it was shown that fibrillation contributes to matrix einforcement as well as defibering.3 - Synthesis of PBS-co-amide: to reach the targeted thermomechanical performances,introduction of amide groups into PBS was studied to increase the melting point. In order to avoid the cyclic imide formation between succinic acid and amines, synthesis of monomers and poly(ester amide) were studied through a multistep strategy, enabling to get low molecular weight PEA with melting temperature around 172°C
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McHenry, Michael T. "PRESSURE MEASUREMENT AT THE BALLAST-TIE INTERFACE OF RAILROAD TRACK USING MATRIX BASED TACTILE SURFACE SENSORS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/15.
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The pressure distribution at the ballast-tie interface of railroad track plays a key role in overall track support. Failure of the ballast or tie can result from excessive loads that were not designed for, requiring increased maintenance and reducing railroad operating efficiency. Understanding the forces acting on the ballast and tie are required to design higher performance and longer lasting track. To further this understanding, the use of Matrix Based Tactile Surface Sensors (MBTSS) is employed to measure the actual pressure distribution at the ballast-tie interface, characterized by individual ballast particle contact points and non-uniform pressures. The research explores this application of MBTSS including the development of sensor protection and calibration procedures. Results from laboratory ballast box testing conducted at the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) are presented. Conservative estimates of peak pressure under a typical wheel load on new ballast averaged 1450 psi and on fouled ballast averaged 680 psi. Contact areas varied across the range of ballast gradations and are shown to increase under increased applied load. A parameter to describe the "roughness" of the ballast-tie pressure distribution is offered. Results from in-track testing performed at TTCI, including pressure distributions along ten test ties, are also presented.
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Dindo, Salam Francis. "Design of an interface between gallium arsenide MESFET physical models and the transmission line matrix method." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6578.
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The Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) method has been demonstrated to be capable of simulating the electromagnetic propagation in passive components of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), such as microstrip lines, air-bridges, and spiral inductors. The full simulation of MMICs by TLM is hindered by the lack of a GaAs MESFET model. Although SPICE-type lumped element models can be embedded, they are not sufficiently accurate to describe the time dependent response, and they defeat the method since TLM distinguishes itself by being capable of simulating physical structures. In addition, the TLM method cannot simulate a physics-based MESFET model since it cannot model fixed charges in the depletion region, nor can it model the highly non-linear field interactions in the conducting region. The TLM method requires a background solver to assist physics-based MESFET modelling. This thesis presents a novel method for enabling the TLM method to simulate the active region of the MESFET. The device is treated as a two-port where the depletion region is the input, and the channel region is the output. The input of the two-port is fed electric field signals from the gate transmission line. An internal GaAs MESFET solver transforms the input electric field into a voltage waveform, and the channel current and the depletion-channel boundary profile are calculated at every time instant by consideration of the channel doping and geometry. Via suitable interface parameters, the calculated outputs are transformed by individual TLM systems filling the channel into output electric and magnetic fields. The first part of the thesis derives a novel two-dimensional formulation of the TLM method enabling it to simulate a vertical section of the MESFET channel whose thickness is chosen small enough such that the electric field can be considered to be uniform. By controlling the TLM pulse energy, nodes conductivities, and section length, these three interface parameters enable the resultant TLM system to transform the physical characteristics of any infinitesimal section of the channel into electric and magnetic fields. The second part of the thesis derives a numerical time-domain quasi two-dimensional model of a GaAs MESFET with several novel aspects. Time-domain simulation is derived from non-stationary electron velocity response to the electric field. A new method is introduced, called the voltage balance method, to numerically solve the Poisson and current continuity equations at every time instant. In addition, a new time-domain treatment of the dielectric relaxation time constants of the drain and gate circuits enable the method to adopt variable time steps. When these three procedures are combined together, they result in a non-linear GaAs MESFET model which can offer sufficient accuracy and substantial time savings over other techniques. Several practical examples are presented showing TLM computations of (i) the non-stationary carrier velocity response to applied field, (ii) the transient field response to an application of biases into the MESFET, and (iii) the field response to an applied electric field sinusoidal waveform at 10 GHZ. The thesis concludes with several recommendations for future work. The key one is to link this work with the 3-dimensional TLM method by augmenting the output channel fields with those computed by TLM for the passive field interactions in the MESFET source, gate, and drain electrodes.
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Schaefer, Joseph Daniel. "Effects of electrophoretically deposited Carbon Nanofibers on the interface of single carbon fibers embedded in epoxy matrix." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3973.
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In this work, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to deposit carboxylic acidfunctionalized
carbon nanofibers (O-CNFs) and amine-functionalized carbon nanofibers (ACNFs)
on the surface of single carbon fibers. Using the fiber fragmentation technique, the stress
transfer at the single fiber interface was characterized by determining the interfacial shear
strength (IFSS) for different fiber surface treatments. For the O-CNF investigation, samples for
sized, unsized, O-CNF deposited sized, and O-CNF deposited unsized carbon fibers were tested.
The A-CNF investigation was completed for sized carbon fibers acting as the anode during EPD
for single and double concentrations of CNFs in water. Additionally, results for fibers acting as
both the anode and cathode during a two-stage A-CNF deposition process are provided. Finally,
the effects of EPD were investigated by testing fibers acting as the cathode or anode in water
without the presence of O-CNFs or A-CNFs. Weibull analyses of single fiber tensile failures
were performed to account for scale effects along the fiber length and support IFSS estimation.
This research was aimed at obtaining a fundamental understanding of how functionalized CNF
addition, EPD electric field setup, and fiber sizing affected IFSS and fiber surface morphology.
Additionally, the processing effects on single fiber tensile strength were determined.
It was shown that removing the sizing decreased the IFSS by 27%. One-stage addition
of O-CNFs to the unsized interface increased the IFSS by 15% over the base sized fiber and 56%
compared to the unsized fibers. One-stage cathodic deposition of O-CNFs on the single fiber
surface led to the greatest IFSS increase of 215%. This IFSS increase is attributed to
enhancement of surface roughness and surface area created by addition of the O-CNFs to the
carbon fiber surface.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
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Richards, Regina Hardin. "The chemical vapor deposition of hexagonal aluminates as a fiber-matrix interface coating for oxide-oxide composites." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18958.
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Bonfield, Stephanie. "Influence of the fibre/matrix interface on the physical and mechanical behaviour of E-glass reinforced thermoplastics." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843994/.
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The performance of a composite is not only dependent on the properties of the constituent elements, the fibre, the size and the matrix, but also on the interface between them. Good interfacial bonding is essential for the effective transfer of stress from the matrix to the fibre. Two methods of improving the interfacial adhesion in E-glass reinforced thermoplastics have been studied, namely by coating the fibre with a size specific to the matrix, or by using an in-situ reactive processing technique to activate the matrix itself. The size modification and the matrix modification systems were evaluated in E-glass reinforced thermoplastics with matrices of polyamide 6.6 and polypropylene, respectively. The elements which constitute the composite, namely the fibre, the size and the matrix, were characterized both individually and when combined in the composite. Both polymers presented spherulitic structures, however, the nature of these crystallites was shown to be dependent on both the processing conditions and the chemical modification, for the polypropylene. The physical properties of the unreinforced matrices were examined by tensile testing and by viscoelastic analysis, and were shown to be structure-related. The characterization of the size coating on the fibres proved difficult due to the small dimensions of the fibre, the very thin size layer and the insulating nature of the specimens which resulted in charging with electron microscopy techniques. However, by employing a wide range of experimental methods the polymer of the size and the fibre/size interface were successfully charcterized. The behaviour of the size was found to be dependent on the type of matrix reactive polymer added to the silane coupling agent. The composite materials, of both systems, were characterized structurally, by employing image analysis to examine the fibre length and orientation distributions, and transmission optical microscopy to observe the matrix. The fibre length and orientation distributions were found to be dependent on the processing conditions employed, but independent of the interfacial modification, of both systems. The mechanical properties of the composites were measured by tensile testing and viscoelastic analysis. Three methods were developed to evaluate the strength of the fibre/matrix bonding in the injection moulded composites: Viscoelastic analysis, with a torsion pendulum was shown to be sufficiently sensitive to detect variations resulting from the type of size applied to the fibres, or the addition of small quantities of modifying agents to the matrix polymer. The composite was characterized, in its bulk form, by comparing the damping properties of the material. An adhesion efficiency model was developed to rank the composites with respect to their interfacial bond strength. This method was found to be an effective tool for comparing the different adhesion enhancement systems. The third method employed was the microdrop test which provided a direct measurement of the interfacial shear stress in each system.
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Totten, Kyle. "Determination of the tensile strength of the fiber/matrix interface for glass/epoxy & carbon/vinyl ester." Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10096031.
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The tensile strength of the fiber/matrix interface was determined through the development of an innovative test procedure. A miniature tensile coupon with a through-thickness oriented, embedded single fiber was designed. Tensile testing was conducted in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) while the failure process could be observed. Finite element stress analysis was conducted to determine the state of stress at the fiber/matrix interface in the tensile loaded specimen, and the strength of the interface. Test specimens consisting of dry E-glass/epoxy and dry and seawater saturated carbon/vinylester 510A were prepared and tested. The load at the onset of debonding was combined with the radial stress distribution near the free surface of the specimen to reduce the interfacial tensile strength (σi). For glass/epoxy, σi was 36.7±8.8 MPa. For the dry and seawater saturated carbon/vinylester specimens the tensile strengths of the interface were 23.0±6.6 and 25.2±4.1 MPa, respectively. The difference is not significant.
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Roder, Kristina. "Matrix- und Interfacedesign bei faserverstärkter Keramik auf Basis des Flüssigsilicierverfahrens." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-200829.
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Das dreistufige Flüssigsilicierverfahren (LSI) stellt eine Methode dar, siliciumcarbidbasierte faserverstärkte Keramiken herzustellen. Ausgangspunkt ist ein faserverstärkter Kunststoff, der über Pyrolyse (Konvertierung des Matrixpolymers in Kohlenstoff) und Silicierung (Siliciuminfiltration und Reaktion zu Siliciumcarbid) keramisiert wird. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Matrix mittels der verwendeten Matrixpolymere (Matrixdesign) und das Faser/Matrix-Interface durch das Aufbringen von Faserbeschichtungen (Interfacedesign) definiert gestaltet. Die in der Arbeit eingesetzten Matrixpolymere beeinflussen durch eine unterschiedliche Poren- und Rissbildung in der Kohlenstoffmatrix die Siliciuminfiltration und die damit verbundene Siliciumcarbidbildung. Die Matrixpolymere erzeugen einerseits eine C-SiC-Dualphasenmatrix, wie diese bei den C/C-SiC-Verbunden angestrebt wird. Andererseits kann eine weitestgehend einphasige SiC-Matrix eingestellt werden, welche für die Herstellung von SiC/SiC-Verbunden interessant ist. Bei diesen Verbundwerkstoffen ist eine zusätzliche Faserbeschichtung entscheidend, um die Faser/Matrix-Bindung zu reduzieren und die Fasern vor dem Siliciumangriff während der Herstellung zu schützen. Als Faserbeschichtung werden eine BNx-Schicht und eine SiNx-Schicht entwickelt, die in einer BNx/SiNx-Doppelschicht kombiniert werden. Die Schichtherstellung erfolgt mittels chemischer Gasphasenabscheidung (CVD) auf einem kommerziellen SiC-Fasergarn (Tyranno SA3). Die amorphe BNx-Schicht ist innerhalb des Fasergarnes sehr homogen. Dahingegen besitzt die amorphe SiNx-Schicht einen Gradient in der Schichtdicke sowie in der chemischen Zusammensetzung. Bei der thermischen Auslagerung bleibt die BNx-Schicht stabil. Die SiNx-Schicht kristallisiert und es bilden sich Poren und Siliciumausscheidungen innerhalb der Schicht. Zudem entstehen teilweise Risse und Schichtabplatzungen. Weitere alternative Schichtkonzepte werden vorgeschlagenThe liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process is used to produce silicon carbide (SiC) based fiber reinforced ceramics and consists of three stages. Starting point is a fiber reinforced plastic, which is ceramized by means of pyrolysis (conversion of the matrix polymer to carbon) and siliconization (silicon infiltration and reaction to form silicon carbide). In the present work, the matrix and the fiber/matrix interface are designed by utilizing special matrix polymers and fiber coatings, respectively. The used matrix polymers lead to different pore and crack formation in the carbon matrix affecting the liquid silicon infiltration and the silicon carbide formation. The polymers not only create a dual phase C-SiC matrix, which is aspired for the production of C/C-SiC composites, but also form a single phase SiC matrix favorable for the SiC/SiC composite production. An additional coating of the fibers for these composite materials is crucial to reduce the fiber/matrix bonding and to protect the fibers from corrosive silicon attack. Separate BNx and SiNx single coatings are developed, which are combined to a double coating. The coating process is realized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a commercial SiC fiber yarn (Tyranno SA3). The amorphous BNx coating is very uniform within the yarn, whereas the amorphous SiNx coating is characterized by a gradient regarding the layer thickness as well as the chemical composition. During the high temperature heat treatment the BNx coating remains stable. The SiNx coating crystallizes and pores as well as silicon precipitations are formed. Moreover, the coating partially ruptures. In this work, some additional alternative coating concepts are also proposed
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Montagner, Anelise Fernandes. "Influência do pré-tratamento dentinário na estabilidade da interface adesiva." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2251.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-29The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chlorhexidine digluconate and sodium hypoclorite application on dentin after acid ecthing on the performance of adhesive restorations subjected to aging of the adhesive interface. For this, three studies were performed (in vitro, in situ and a systematic review). The in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the microtensile bond strength values (μTBS) in dentin after cariogenic challenge and aging. Thirty sound human molars were selected and randomly assigned into 3 dentin pre-treatments (control, 2% chlorhexidine and 10% NaOCl) and 4 different types of aging (control -C-, biofilm without cariogenic challenge -NCC-, biofilm with cariogenic challenge -CC- and 18-month water storage -WS-). The same etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) and composite resin (Z250, 3M ESPE) were used for all the groups (n=30). For NCC and CC groups, dental biofilm in microcosm derived from saliva of a healthy donor was added on the samples. The biofilm grew up in a defined medium enriched with mucin (DMM), with or without 10% sucrose, according to the group. After the experimental period, all the samples were cleaned up and microtensile test was carried out. The data, in MPa, were subjected to ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey Test (p < 0.05). The pre-treatment did not influence the μTBS, for all the aging conditions (p = 0.188); however the type of aging statistically affected the bond strength (p = 0.000). The bond strength values showed the following trend: C = NCC < CC = WS. Cariogenic challenge and water storage aging affected the bond strength stability and the former seems to be a suitable short-term methodology to assess the degradation of the resin-dentin. The in vivo study aimed to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) application in etched dentin on the 6-month retention of restorations of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). A randomized controlled splitmouth and blind trial was carried out. Patients (n = 42) with at least two noncarious cervical lesions were included. NCCLs were randomly assigned according to the type of tooth into two groups: control (application of a placebo solution) or experimental group (application of 2% CHX for 60s after acid etching). Class V restorations (n = 169) were performed with an etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2) and a composite resin (Filtek Z350) according to the manufacturer instructions, by 10 previously trained operators. The restorations were evaluated by a calibrated examiner at 1 week (baseline) and 6-month using the FDI criteria. The outcome was retention of the restoration. The analysis of factors associated to the failure of restoration was carried out through Fisher s Exact Test (α = 0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, 3.4% (CI 95% 1.3 - 7.3) of the Class V restorations failed. There was no significant difference between control and CHX (p = 0.920). Regarding the cavity s variables, deeper (p = 0.024) and wider cavities (p = 0.004) showed more failures, and wedge-shaped cavities failed more than saucer-shaped ones (p = 0.033). Regarding the patient s variables, restorations in patients with lower salivation 8 showed a higher percentage of failure (p = 0.034). Both treatments provided acceptable clinical performance of the restorations. The use of CHX as a coadjuvant in dentin adhesion did not influence the retention of Class V restorations after 6 months of follow-up. The systematic review aimed to systematically review the literature for in vitro and ex vivo studies that evaluated the resin-dentin bond strength immediately and longitudinal with the use of MMP inhibitor on the adhesive procedure. The systematic review was conducted sourcing the following databases (Pubmed, TRIP, LILACS, Scielo, Cochrane and ISI web Science) with no publication year or language limit. From 1.336 potentially eligible studies, 48 were selected for full text analysis and 30 were included for review. Two independently reviewers selected the studies, abstracted information and assessed the risk of bias on standardize scales. The results showed high heterogeneity in some comparisons and showed no difference for CHX 2% and control at baseline, however after 6-month of aging the CHX 2% and 0.2% presented a trend showing higher bond strength values than control groups (p < 0.05). The literature review was possible to observe the trend towards the decreased of the bond strength through time most for the control groups than for the experimental one. From of the 30 studies included, only 5 studies (16.6%) presented medium risk of bias while 25 (83.4%) showed high risk of bias and none showed low risk of bias. The use of MMPs inhibitor did not negatively affect the immediate bond strength, and it influenced the bond strength values long-time regarding the dentin adhesion stability.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da aplicação do digluconato de clorexidina (CRX) e hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) em dentina, após o condicionamento ácido, na performance da interface adesiva submetida a envelhecimento da interface adesiva. Para isto, foram realizados 3 estudos (in vitro, in vivo e revisão sistemática). O estudo in vitro objetivou avaliar o efeito do prétratamento da dentina nos valores de resistência de união (RU) após diferentes tipos de envelhecimentos da interface adesiva. A dentina de todos os espécimes foi submetida ao condicionamento com ácido fosfórico por 15s e em seguida a 3 tipos de pré-tratamento: água destilada (controle - soluçao placebo - 60s), digluconato de clorexidina 2% - 60s, ou hipoclorito de sódio 10% - 60s. O sistema desivo (Single Bond 2 3M/ESPE) foi aplicado na superfície dentinária conforme indicação do fabricante. Palitos resina-dentina foram obtidos e submetidos a 4 níveis de envelhecimento: controle (CO), biofilme sem desafio cariogênico (BSD), biofilme com desafio cariogênico (BCD) e armazenamento em água por 18 meses (AGU). Nos grupos com biofilme, modelo de microcosmo foi utilizado e o biofilme foi crescido em meio definido enriquecido com mucina, com (BCD) ou sem (BSD) sacarose por 14 dias. Após o período experimental os espécimes foram limpos e preparados para o teste de microtração e o padrão de fratura foi analisado. Os valores de RU, em MPa, foram submetidos a ANOVA e teste post hoc Tukey (p < 0,05). O pré-tratamento não influenciou nos valores de RU, para todos os envelhecimentos avaliados (p = 0,188), entretanto o tipo de envelhecimento estatisticamente influenciou os valores de RU (p = 0,000). O envelhecimento CO foi similar ao BSD, com valores RU maiores que o BCD e AGU. A interface adesiva foi negativamente afetada pelo desafio cariogênico e pela degradação em água. No estudo in vivo, com objetivo de avaliar a retenção de restaurações classe V em dentina tratada ou não com CRX, um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado, boca dividida e triplo-cego foi conduzido. Pacientes (n = 42) com no mínimo 2 lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNC) foram selecionados. As LCNC foram randomizadas em 2 grupos: tratamento controle e tratamento experimental (CRX 2% - 60s). Restaurações (n = 169) foram realizadas com Single Bond 2 (3M EPSE) e Filtek Z350 por 10 operadores previamente treinados. As restaurações foram avaliadas por um examinador calibrado em 1 semana e 6 meses após, usando os critérios da FDI. A análise dos fatores associados às falhas nas restaurações foi conduzida através do teste exato de Fisher (α = 0,05). Após 6 meses de acompanhamento, 3,4% (IC95% 1,3 - 7,3) das restaurações falharam devido a retenção. Não houve diferença significante entre os tratamentos controle e CRX para retenção (p = 0,920) e para manchamento marginal (p = 0,734). Em relação às variáveis relativas à cavidade, cavidades com maior profundidade (p = 0,024) e com maior altura (p = 0,004) 6 apresentaram maior ocorrência de falhas. Ainda, cavidades em formato de V apresentaram mais falhas que aquelas em formato de U (p = 0,033). Quanto as variáveis relativas aos pacientes, restaurações em pacientes que apresentavam boca seca falharam em maior porcentagem (p = 0,034). O uso de clorexidina como um coadjuvante na adesão a dentina não influenciou na retenção das restaurações após 6 meses de acompanhamento. E a revisão sistemática teve o objetivo de revisar a literatura acerca de estudos in vitro que avaliaram a RU resina-dentina imediata e após envelhecimento com o uso de inibidores de MMPs no procedimento adesivo. A revisão sistemática foi conduzida em 6 databases (Pubmed, TRIP, LILACS, Scielo, Cochrane and ISI web Science) sem limite de ano ou língua. De 1.336 estudos potencialmente elegíveis, 48 foram selecionados para análise de todo texto e 30 estudos foram incluiídos na revisāo. Dois revisores selecionaram os estudos, extraíram as informações e dados e verificaram o risco de viés em escalas padronizadas. Os resultados demostraram uma grande heterogeneidade em algumas comparações e nāo mostraram diferenças entre clorexidina 2% e o grupo controle sem envelhecimento, porém após 6 meses de envelhecimento observou-se uma tendência a favor dos grupos controle (p < 0,05). Todavia, foi possível observar na revisāo de literatura descritiva a tendência da diminuiçāo dos valores de RU (porcentagem) ao longo do tempo, mais para o grupo controle do que para o grupo experimental. De 30 estudos incluídos, apenas 5 estudos (16,6%) apresentaram médio risco de viés, enquanto 25 estudos (83,4%) mostraram alto risco de vieés e nenhum mostrou baixo risco. Os inibidores de MMPs nāo afetaram negativamente a RU da resina a dentina sem envelhecimento, e nāo influenciaram os valores de RU após envelheciemento.
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Hettrich, Max [Verfasser]. "Measurement of reduced dipole matrix elements in 40Ca+ and construction of a scalable light-ion interface / Max Hettrich." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/112314608X/34.
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Ahn, Byung Ki. "Interfacial Mechanics in Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Mechanics of Single and Multiple Cracks in CMCs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29791.
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Several critical issues in the mechanics of the interface between the fibers and matrix in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are studied. The first issue is the competition between crack deflection and penetration at the fiber/matrix interface. When a matrix crack, the first fracture mode in a CMC, reaches the interface, two different crack modes are possible; crack deflection along the interface and crack penetration into the fibers. A criterion based on strain energy release rates is developed to determine the crack propagation at the interface. The Axisymmetric Damage Model (ADM), a newly-developed numerical technique, is used to obtain the strain energy in the cracked composite. The results are compared with a commonly-used analytic solution provided by He and Hutchinson (HH), and also with experimental data on a limited basis.
The second issue is the stress distribution near the debond/sliding interface. If the interface is weak enough for the main matrix crack to deflect and form a debond/sliding zone, then the stress distribution around the sliding interface is of interest because it provides insight into further cracking modes, i.e. multiple matrix cracking or possibly fiber failure. The stress distributions are obtained by the ADM and compared to a simple shear-lag model in which a constant sliding resistance is assumed. The results show that the matrix axial stress, which is responsible for further matrix cracking, is accurately predicted by the shear-lag model.
Finally, the third issue is multiple matrix cracking. We present a theory to predict the stress/strain relations and unload/reload hysteresis behavior during the evolution of multiple matrix cracking. The random spacings between the matrix cracks as well as the crack interactions are taken into account in the model. The procedure to obtain the interfacial sliding resistance, thermal residual stress, and matrix flaw distribution from the experimental stress/strain data is discussed. The results are compared to a commonly-used approach in which uniform crack spacings are assumed.
Overall, we have considered various crack modes in the fiber-reinforced CMCs; from a single matrix crack to multiple matrix cracking, and have suggested models to predict the microscopic crack behavior and to evaluate the macroscopic stress/strain relations. The damage tolerance or toughening due to the inelastic strains caused by matrix cracking phenomenon is the key issue of this study, and the interfacial mechanics in conjunction with the crack behavior is the main issue discussed here. The models can be used to interpret experimental data such as micrographs of crack surface or extent of crack damage, and stress/strain curves, and in general the models can be used as guidelines to design tougher composites.Ph. D.
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Li, Xiaohui. "A Language and Visual Interface to Specify Complex Spatial Pattern Mining." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5408/.
Full textAbstract:
The emerging interests in spatial pattern mining leads to the demand for a flexible spatial pattern mining language, on which easy to use and understand visual pattern language could be built. It is worthwhile to define a pattern mining language called LCSPM to allow users to specify complex spatial patterns. I describe a proposed pattern mining language in this paper. A visual interface which allows users to specify the patterns visually is developed. Visual pattern queries are translated into the LCSPM language by a parser and data mining process can be triggered afterwards. The visual language is based on and goes beyond the visual language proposed in literature. I implemented a prototype system based on the open source JUMP framework.
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Bryan, Nicholas James. "PEBAX-based mixed matrix membranes for post-combustion carbon capture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31239.
Full textAbstract:
Polymeric membranes exhibit a trade-off between permeability and selectivity in gas separations which limits their viability as an economically feasible post-combustion carbon capture technology. One approach to improve the separation properties of polymeric membranes is the inclusion of particulate materials into the polymer matrix to create what are known as mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). By combining the polymer and particulate phases, beneficial properties of both can be seen in the resulting composite material. One of the most notable challenges in producing mixed matrix membranes is in the formation of performance-hindering defects at the polymer-filler interface. Non-selective voids or polymer chain rigidification are but two non-desirable effects which can be observed. The material selection and synthesis route are key to minimising these defects. Thin membranes are also highly desirable to achieve greater gas fluxes and improved economical separation processes. Hence smaller nano-sized particles are of particular interest to minimise the disruption to the polymer matrix. This is a challenge due to the tendency of some small particles to form agglomerations. This work involved introducing novel nanoscale filler particles into PEBAX MH1657, a commercially available block-copolymer consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) and nylon 6 chains. Poly(ether-b-amide) materials possess an inherently high selectivity for the CO2/N2 separation due to polar groups in the PEO chain but suffer from low permeabilities. Mixed matrix membranes were fabricated with PEBAX MH1657 primarily using two filler particles, nanoscale ZIF-8 and novel nanoscale MCM-41 hollow spheres. This work primarily investigated the effects of the filler loading on both the morphology and gas transport properties of the composite materials. The internal structure of the membranes was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the gas transport properties determined using a bespoke time-lag gas permeation apparatus. ZIF-8 is a zeolitic imidazolate framework which possesses small pore windows that may favour CO2 transport over that of N2. ZIF-8-PEBAX membranes were successfully synthesised up to 7wt.%. It was found that for filler loadings below 5wt.%, the ZIF-8 was well dispersed within the polymer phase. At these loadings modest increases in the CO2 permeability coeffcient of 0-20% compared to neat PEBAX were observed. Above this 5wt.% loading large increases in both CO2, N2 and He permeability coeffcients coincided with the presence of large micron size clusters formed of hundreds of filler ZIF-8 particles. The increases in permeability were attributed to voids observed within the clusters. MCM-41 is a metal organic framework that has seen notable interest in the field of carbon capture, due to its tunable pore size and ease of functionalisation. Two types of novel MCM-41 hollow sphere (MCM-41-HS) of varying pore size were incorporated into PEBAX and successfully used to fabricate MMMs up to 10wt.%. SEM showed the MCM-41 generally interacted well with the polymer with no signs of voids and was generally well dispersed. However, some samples of intermediate loading in both cases showed highly asymmetric distribution of nanoparticles and high particle density regions near one external face of the membrane which also showed the highest CO2 permeability coeffcients. It is suspected that these high permeabilities are due to the close proximity of nanoparticles permitting these regions to act in a similar way to percolating networks. It was determined that there was no observable effect of the varying pore size which was expected given the transport in the pores should be governed by Knudsen diffusion.
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Zu, Seung-Don. "The effect of irregular fiber distribution and error in assumed transverse fiber CTE on thermally induced fiber/matrix interfacial stresses." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3800.
Full textAbstract:
Thermally induced interfacial stress states between fiber and matrix at cryogenic
temperature were studied using three-dimensional finite element based micromechanics.
Mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between fiber and matrix, and
mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion between plies with different fiber
orientation were considered. In order to approximate irregular fiber distributions and to
model irregular fiber arrangements, various types of unit cells, which can represent nonuniformity,
were constructed and from the results the worst case of fiber distributions
that can have serious stress states were suggested. Since it is difficult to measure the
fiber transverse coefficient of thermal expansion at the micro scale, there is an
uncertainty problem for stress analysis. In order to investigate the effect of error in
assumed fiber transverse coefficient of thermal expansion on thermally induced
interfacial stresses, systematic studies were carried out. In this paper, the effect of
measurement errors on the local stress states will be studied. Also, in order to determine
fiber transverse CTE values from lamina properties, a back calculation method is used
for various composite systems.
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Ma, Yu. "Effects of TiB2 nanoparticles on the interfacial precipitation and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu matrix composites." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS252.
Full textAbstract:
L’influence des renforts nanoparticules de TiB2 (6 wt.%) sur la précipitation interfaciale de la phase (Zn1.5Cu0.5)Mg, la résistance à la traction et la fissuration sous chargement de fatigue (fatigue crack growth-FCG) des composites à matrice de Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ont été étudiées. Des échantillons de composites ont été obtenus par réaction in-situ pendant le moulage suivi d’un FSP (friction stir processing) et une extrusion à chaud. Seuls les échantillons moulés et extrudés ont été utilisés pour étude de FCG à cause de la limitation de la taille après FSP. Des observations au microscope électronique à balayage (SEM), avec la diffraction des électrons rétrodiffusés (SEM/EBSD) et au microscope électronique en transmission à haute résolution (HRSTEM) ont été réalisées pour caractériser la microstructure.Des échantillons présentent une structure des grains équi-axiaux et des nanoparticules de TiB2 sont distribuées de façon homogène dans la matrice. En état de solution solide, l’interface TiB2/Al est de nature semi-cohérente et très propre. En état de vieillissementou ou sur vieillissement, la précipitation interfacaile hétérogène de la phase (Zn1.5Cu0.5)Mg a été observée. La cinétique de la précipitation interfaciale a été discutée. Les interfaces entre Al/(Zn1.5Cu0.5)Mg/TiB2 sont quasi cohérentes et l’interface TiB2/Al a été renforcée grâce à la réduction de l’énergie de l’interface. Ce mécanisme de précipitation interfaciale peut expliquer l’effet de renforcement de l’interface contribuant simultanement l’augmentation de la résistance et de l’élongation des échatillons de composite.La majorité de nanoparticules TiB2 tentent de s’agglomérer le long des joints de grains dans des échantillons sans FSP. La vitesse de croissance de fissure a été augmentée à l’intérieur des grains avec un facteur d’intensité (ΔK) intermédiaire ou important à cause de l’affinement de grains. Cependant, la vitesse de croissance de fissure a été diminuée aux joints de grains avec (ΔK) faible ou intermédiaire à cause de la présence des clusters de TiB2 tandis que cette vitesse augmente avec (ΔK) important à cause de la coalescence des microporesThe influences of TiB2 reinforcement nanoparticles (6 wt.%) on the interfacial precipitation of (Zn1.5Cu0.5)Mg phase, the associated tensile and fatigue crack growth (FCG) properties of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu matrix composites have been studied. The composite samples were produced by in-situ reaction during casting followed by friction stir processing (FSP) and hot extrusion, while only casted and extruded samples were used for evaluating FCG due to size limit of the nugget zone after FSP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) were employed for the microstructure characterization.The as-processed composite samples contain the fine equiaxed-grain structure, where TiB2 nanoparticles are homogenously distributed. At solid-solution state, the TiB2/Al interfaces are featured by the clean and semi-coherent nature. At the peak-aged and overaged states, the interface precipitate determined as (Zn1.5Cu0.5)Mg phase was formed, and the underlying heterogeneous interfacial precipitation kinetics was discussed. The Al/(Zn1.5Cu0.5)Mg/TiB2 multi-interfaces were revealed to be almost coherent, and the TiB2/Al interfaces were thus strengthened due to the greatly reduced coherency strains. This mechanism was proposed as precipitation assisted interface strengthening, which has contributed to the simultaneously enhanced tensile strength and uniform elongation of the as-processed composite.The majority of TiB2 nanoparticles tend to aggregate along grain boundaries (GBs) in the composite samples without FSP. The FCG rate is increased inside grains at intermediate and high stress intensity factor (ΔK) ranges due to the refined grain size. However, the FCG rate at the GBs is decreased at the low and intermediate ΔK ranges by fatigue crack deflection and trapping due to the presence of TiB2 clusters, while it increases at the high ΔK range due to microvoid coalescence
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Landon, Mark R. "The application of ICP-MS to high matrix samples such as those found in the ceramics industry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14239.
Full textAbstract:
Although the benefits of ICP-MS are well documented, the determination of analytes at low levels in high concentrations of matrix elements has proved difficult. As ICP-MS is a 'flow into' instrument the deposition of salts throughout the system is a common cause of significant loss of signal. The application of desolvation of aluminosilicate samples, to aid in the production of more robust plasma conditions, was investigated to increase the efficiency of the ICP in processing the sample. The performance of the ICP-MS was monitored with different cone arrangements and by running the skimmer cones at elevated temperatures. An alternative to modification of the instrument is to employ chemical modification of the sample and hence the separation of Au and Pt from an aluminosilicate matrix via the use of solid phase extraction (SPE) columns were investigated as a means of dealing with high levels of dissolved solids. OVB based SPE columns were found to give high retentions of Au and Pt when chelated with ammonium pyrrolidinediethylcarbamate (APOC). A second alternative that avoided digestion of the aluminosilicate matrices, was to carry out the analysis using laser ablation (LA). LA-ICP-MS is becoming increasingly used for trace elemental analysis but as yet no universal calibration method is available. The general problems associated with matrix matched standards are inherent as the ablation mechanism and plasma conditions can differ dramatically with very small changes in matrix composition. Hence the addition of chromophores was employed to increase the absorption of the laser energy. The use of vanillic, nicotinic and pyrazinoic acid were used to improve the ablation of pressed powder discs at the laser wavelength of 213 nm. Synthetic aluminosilicate discs and standard additions were both employed for the calibration and determination of Ti.
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Aljewifi, Hana, Bruno Fiorio, and Jean-Louis Gallias. "Quantitative methods to characterize the impregnation of a glass multifilament yarn by a cementitious matrix." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244045911361-83528.
Full textAbstract:
This paper focuses on two experimental methods that give indicators linked to the impregnation level of the yarn / matrix interface, in the case of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC). These methods have been tested on three different glass yarns laid in a cementitious matrix, with three different impregnation levels resulting from the manufacturing process. The first method (comparative mercury intrusion porosity test) is based on the evaluation by mercury intrusion porosity of the pores volume associated to the porosity inside and near the yarn. The second method (flow test) consists in measuring the flow rate of water along the yarn, with imposed flow conditions. The physical parameters measured by these two methods are both related to the pore size and to the porosity of the yarn / matrix interface. The results of the two methods are discussed and drawn in parallel to a qualitative characterization of the yarn matrix interface made by scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the connection between the results of the two methods and the SEM characterization is studied. It is shown how these methods can participate to characterize the yarn impregnation. Limitations of the methods are also discussed.
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Poussines, Laurence. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux pour l'infusion de composites." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0132/document.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse vise à adapter un système polymère au procédé d’élaboration par infusion d’une structure en matériaux composite pour fuselage d’avion. Ce système doit répondre à certaines exigences de viscosité, de température d’infusion, de stockage mais également de prix. La méthodologie mise en place consiste à s’approprier le procédé de mise en oeuvre afin de valider le choix des résines, de les caractériser à l’état initial et enfin d’étudier leur durabilité vis-à-vis d’un vieillissement hygrothermique. La caractérisation des propriétés a mis en évidence des comportements différents à l’état initial en termes de transition vitreuse, résilience et viscosité. L’étude du vieillissement hygrothermique montre une chute des propriétés fortement liée à l’évolution chimique des réseaux polymères qui a pour origine majeure l’hydrolyse de plusieurs liaisons. Enfin, un test d’adhérence est mis en place afin d’évaluer l’interface fibre/résine. Ce test a permis d’estimer les différents traitements de surface effectués sur les fibresThe work presented in this thesis was done to adapt a polymer to selected elaboration process by infusion of a composite material structure for an aircraft fuselage. The polymer system must meet certain requirements such as viscosity, infusion temperature, storage but also the price. Our methodology is to understand the process putting into practice in order to validate the resins choice, to characterize the initial state and the study their sustainability towards a hydrothermal ageing. Properties characterization showed different behaviours in initial state, in terms of glass transition, resilience and viscosity. The study of hydrothermal ageing reveals a drop properties closely related to the chemical evolution of polymer networks which has for major origin multiple links hydrolysis. At least an adherence test is carried out to assess the interface fiber/resin. This test was used to estimate the different surface treatments on the fiber
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Krutchinsky, Andrew. "A collisional damping interface for a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with both electrospray ionization and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0009/NQ31999.pdf.
Full text
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Charlier, Quentin. "Adhesion phenomena in thermoplastic composites based on acrylic matrices obtained by free radical polymerization." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI140.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire de thèse s’intéresse aux phénomènes d’adhésion dans des composites à matrice thermoplastique obtenus par polymérisation radicalaire de mélanges réactifs. Après une courte introduction bibliographique sur les thématiques d’adhésion et d’adhérence, les propriétés générales des principaux éléments constitutifs des assemblages finaux sont étudiées séparément pour discuter de leur pertinence en vue d’une application composite. Une attention particulière est portée sur les systèmes réactifs acryliques à l’état liquide. L’étude se concentre ensuite sur les mécanismes réactionnels et l’évolution des propriétés des systèmes réactifs lors de la polymérisation. Ces problématiques sont de première importance pour anticiper les mécanismes gouvernant l’adhésion dans les composites obtenus mais aussi pour appréhender les potentielles problématiques à venir lors des étapes de mise en forme. Enfin, une étude est spécifiquement dédiée au cas de l’adhésion entre matrice acrylique et fibres de verre dans des composites à fibres de renfort continues. Les propriétés à l’interface verre/acrylique ont été évaluées à l’échelle microscopique dans des systèmes modèles et à l’échelle macroscopique dans des composites unidirectionnels, c'est à dire pouvant les défauts d’adhésion générés lors de la mise en forme. L’ensemble de ces résultats permet de se positionner quant à l’utilisation de solutions acryliques thermoplastiques pour des applications composites structurauxThese PhD research works focus on adhesion phenomena involved in thermoplastic composites based on acrylic matrices obtained by free radical polymerization. After a short bibliographic section introducing some basics on adhesion phenomena and practical adhesion measurements, properties of elementary constituents are assessed to discuss their relevancy for composite applications. Special attention is paid to acrylic reactive systems and properties of acrylic resins at liquid state. Then, the reaction mechanisms involved in free radical polymerization are detailed. The changes in acrylic system properties during polymerization are investigated to anticipate further processing-related issues. At last, a study is dedicated to the assessment of interfacial adhesion between glass fiber and acrylic matrices in fiber reinforced composites. Interfacial properties are characterized at microscale in model systems and at macroscale in real-sized composites, i.e. integrating process-induced defects. From overall results, the relevancy of acrylic thermoplastic solutions for structural composite applications is discussed
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Tran, Manh Tien. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation numérique du comportement thermomécanique à haute température des matériaux composites renforcés par des fibres." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1111/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les matériaux composites TRC (Textile Reinforced Concrete), consistant d'une matrice cimentaire et d'un renforcement par des textile ou fibres (en carbone, en verre ou en autre matière, …) sont souvent utilisés pour réparer ou/et renforcer les éléments structurels porteurs (dalle, poutre, colonne) d'anciens ouvrages de génie civil. Ils peuvent être également utilisés comme des éléments porteurs dans les structures neuves (éléments de préfabrications). Afin de développer des composites TRC avec de bonnes caractéristiques à température élevée, on a fait une combinaison entre les textiles de carbone qui possède une bonne capacité mécanique et une matrice réfractaire qui assurent une transmission de charge entre le textile de renforcement et les protège thermiquement contre l'action de température élevée. Le comportement thermomécanique des composites TRC de carbone est expérimentalement et numériquement étudié à l'échelle mésoscopique dans cette thèse. L'avancement scientifique sur ce sujet de thèse permettrait d'améliorer la stabilité au feu des structures qui sont renforcées par des matériaux composites TRC. Ce sujet contribuerait aux intérêts sociaux et économiques significatifs pour le génie civil dans le monde entier en général et au Vietnam en particulier. La thèse concerne la caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation numérique du comportement thermomécanique à température élevée des matériaux composites TRC à l'échelle mésoscopique. Dans une première partie expérimentale, les textiles de carbone (des produits commerciaux sur le marché), la matrice du béton réfractaire et l'interface textile/matrice ont été testés au régime thermomécanique à température constante (allant de 25 °C à 700 °C). Les résultats obtenus montrent un effet du traitement du textile sur le comportement et mode de rupture des textiles de carbone et de l'interface textile/matrice. Un modèle analytique a été également utilisé pour déterminer l'évolution des propriétés thermomécaniques des textiles de carbone en fonction de la température. Le transfert thermique dans l'éprouvette cylindrique du béton réfractaire a été réalisé pour valider les propriétés thermiques du béton réfractaire. Tous les résultats obtenus dans cette partie sont utilisés comme données pour le modèle numérique dans la partie de modélisation. La deuxième partie expérimentale explore le comportement thermomécanique des TRCs sous deux régimes : thermomécanique à température constante et thermomécanique à force constante. Deux textiles de carbone, qui ont donné les meilleures performances à température élevée, ont été choisis pour une fabrication des TRCs. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent un comportement thermomécanique avec l'écrouissage (trois ou deux phases) à température modérée et un comportement fragile à température supérieure de 500 °C. Au régime thermomécanique à force constante, deux composites TRCs peuvent résister plus long que les textiles de carbone seuls grâce à bonne isolation thermique de la matrice cimentaire. En comparant les deux résultats sur les éprouvettes de TRC, l'effet du renforcement de textile (le taux de renfort, le produit de traitement, la géométrie du textile) sur le comportement thermomécanique a été analysé. Tous les résultats expérimentaux de cette partie ont été utilisés pour valider et comparer avec ceux obtenus à partir du modèle numérique. La partie de modélisation numérique a deux buts : prédire le comportement thermomécanique global du composite TRC à partir des propriétés thermomécaniques des matériaux constitutifs ; valider le transfert thermique dans le composite en cas d'augmentation de la température pour prédire la température de rupture ou la durée d'exposition du composite [etc...]TRC materials, consisting of a cement matrix and a reinforcement by textiles or fibers (carbon, glass or other fibre, etc) are often used to repair or/and strengthen the loading structural elements (slab, beam, column) of old civil engineering works. They can also be used as loading elements in new structures (prefabrication element). In order to develop TRC composites with good characteristics at high temperature, a combination has been made between the carbon textiles which have a good mechanical capacity and a refractory matrix which provides a load transfer between the reinforcement textiles and thermally protects them against the action of high temperature. The thermomechanical behavior of carbon TRC composites is experimentally and numerically studied at the mesoscale in this thesis. Scientific advancement on this thesis topic would improve the fire stability of structures that are reinforced by TRC composite materials. This topic would contribute to significant social and economic interests for civil engineering worldwide in general and Vietnam in particular. My thesis work concerns the experimental characterization and numerical modeling of the high temperature thermomechanical behavior of composite materials TRC at the mesoscale. In a first experimental part, the carbon textiles (commercial products on the market), the refractory concrete matrix and the textile/matrix interface were tested at constant temperature thermomechanical regime (ranging from 25 °C to 700 °C). The results obtained showed an effect of the textile treatment on the mechanical behavior and failure mode of the carbon textiles and the textile/matrix interface. An analytical model was also used to identify the evolution of thermomechanical properties of carbon textiles as a function of temperature. The thermal transfer in the cylindrical specimen was carried out to validate the thermal properties of refractory concrete. All results obtained in this part are used as input data for the numerical model in the modeling part. The second experimental part explores the thermomechanical behavior of TRCs under two regimes: thermomechanical at constant temperature and thermomechanical at constant force. Two carbon textiles, which gave the best performance at high temperature, were chosen for the manufacture of TRCs. The experimental results showed a hardening behavior with three or two phases at moderate temperature and a brittle behavior at higher temperature of 500 °C. In thermomechanical regime at constant force, two TRC composites can resist longer than carbon textiles alone thanks to good thermal insulation of refractory matrix. By comparing the two results on the TRC specimens, the effect of textile reinforcement (reinforcement ratio, treatment product and textile geometry) on the thermomechanical behavior was analyzed. All the experimental results of this part were used to validate and compare with those obtained from the numerical model. The purpose of the numerical modeling part is to predict the global thermomechanical
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Perrier, Amélie. "Influence du vieillissement hydrique suer le comportement mécanique de l'interface fil/matrice dans les composites chanvre/époxy." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0019/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude porte sur l’analyse de l’influence de l’eau sur des composites chanvre/époxy. Deux résines ont été utilisées, l’une 100 % pétrochimique (Epolam) et l’autre partiellement bio-sourcée (Greenpoxy). L’absorption d’eau d’éprouvettes de composites tissés a d’abord été suivie par des mesures gravimétriques. Les résultats ont mis en évidence une cinétique d’absorption de type Langmuir dépendant de plusieurs paramètres (types de résine, de fibres et de tissu, fraction volumique de fibres et épaisseur). Des essais de DMA et DSC sur les résines ont montré un effet plastifiant de l’eau ainsi qu’une modification irréversible de leurs propriétés après le vieillissement hydrique. Des observations microscopiques réalisées sur le composite et à l’échelle du fil ont permis de détecter que des fissures entre les fibres de chanvre et la matrice époxy apparaissent et se développent dès le début de la désorption. De surcroît, des observations en photoélasticimétrie ont montré une réorganisation des contraintes internes irréversible due à ces endommagements. Des essais de traction quasi-statiques ont ensuite été réalisés sur des composites tissés et sur les résines seules. Le vieillissement hydrique modifie les grandeurs mécaniques ainsi que l’évolution des endommagements, suivie par émission acoustique et tomographie X.Pour mieux appréhender le comportement de l’interface fil/matrice, différents tests ont été développés sur des éprouvettes monofilamentaires spécifiques dans lesquelles le fil est orienté à 45° ou 90° par rapport à l’axe de sollicitation. Tout d’abord, des tests de nanoindentation ont été effectués de manière à mesurer in situ les propriétés de chaque constituant des composites avant et après vieillissement hydrique. Un second type de test basé sur le principe du choc laser a été utilisé pour déterminer la qualité de l’adhérence entre le fil et la résine. Enfin, des essais de traction sur micromachine sous microscope optique ont été mis au point dans le but de mesurer les champs de déformations par corrélation d’images. Les résultats ont démontré que les déformations locales sont plus importantes après un vieillissement hydrique et que ce phénomène est plus accentué dans le chanvre/Greenpoxy que dans le chanvre/Epolam. Le développement d’un modèle numérique simplifié a permis d’approcher la loi de comportement locale des différents constituants du composite et d’étudier l’évolution des modules après vieillissementThis study deals with the analysis of the influence of water on hemp/epoxy composites. Two resins have been used, one being 100 % petrochemical (Epolam) and the other one partially bio-based (Greenpoxy). The water absorption of the woven composites have been measured with gravimetric analyses. The results showed a Langmuir-type absorption, and depends on several parameters (type of resin, fibres and fabric, fibre ratio and thickness). DMA and DSC tests realised on resins showed the plasticizing effect of water and an irreversible modification of their properties after the water ageing. Microscopic observations of the composite at the yarn scale helped to detect that cracks between hemp fibres and epoxy matrix appear and develop right from the start of the desorption. Moreover, observations by photoelasticimetry showed an irreversible reorganisation of internal stresses due to this damage. Next, quasi-static tensile tests have been performed on woven composites and resins. The water ageing has modified the mechanical properties of the materials as well as the evolution of damage, which has been studied by acoustic emission and X-ray tomography.For a better understanding of the yarn/matrix interface behaviour, different tests have been developed with specific single yarn composites, in which the yarn is oriented at 45° or 90° in regard to the main axis of the specimen. First, nanoindentation tests have been performed, to measure the properties in situ of each component of the composites before and after water ageing. A second type of tests, based on the laser shock wave method, has been used to determine the quality of adhesion between the yarn and the resin. Finally, tensile tests on a micromachine under an optical microscope have been developed with the aim of measuring strain fields by digital image correlation. The results demonstrated that local strains are higher after a water ageing and that this phenomenon is more pronounced in the hemp/Greenpoxy than in the hemp/Epolam. The development of a finite element model led to estimate the local constitutive law of the different components of the composites and to study the evolution of the modulus after the ageing
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Robinson, Jocelyne Virginia. "Algonquin Ekwânamo matrix project : "a place to interface", for elders, indigenous scientists/non-indigenous scientists, indigenous knowledge systems and western science systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55935.
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This research is consistent with literature that states there are inequities relating to the under-representation of Indigenous students in the subjects of math, science and technology in education as compared to Non-Indigenous people in Canada. The analysis of nine in-depth interviews and the process of documentary explores two questions that this thesis aims to address: From the perspectives and dialogues of three Elders, three Indigenous scientists, and three Non-Indigenous scientists who have contemplated the ways to address the tensions between Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Western Science Systems: What are the educational possibilities, challenges, and benefits of having these systems interface? How can art, technology and dialogue be mediums for exploring the interface between these systems so that Indigenous learners may be motivated to participate in both knowledge systems? An interplay between three theoretical, methodological frameworks of Indigenous Storywork (Archibald, 2008a, 2008b), Irwin in A/r/tography (Irwin & Springgay, 2008), Implicate Order (Bohm, 2007) and through the development of a fourth theoretical, methodological framework the Algonquin Ekwânamo Matrix Project shape this research. Four themes emerged from this analysis: [1] Language and Story as Tools for Critical Thinking [2] Culture and Ecological Mindfulness in Kinships with Nature and All Living Entities [3] Identity and Relevance in Education as Seeing Ourselves in Academia [4] Presence and Wholistic Learning From the Heart. Four A’s Strategies emerged from the in-depth interviews in relation to the four themes that may incite new ways for building complementary relationships in science education: The first is Activating Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Knowledge Encounters Through Dialogue; second is Aligning Indigenous Knowledge Interfaces Through Dialogical Strategies; third is Applying Indigenous Knowledge and Western Science Interfacing Through Co-created Strategies in Bohmian Dialogue and First Nations Circles; and fourth is Anticipating Innovative Knowledge Enhancements through decentralized think tank groups that align with Indigenous culturally competent ways for accessing well being. This research study helped develop the Algonquin Ekwânamo Matrix Project’s theoretical and methodological framework that foreground the need to address the global ecological crisis through meaningful dialogue, respectful relationships and a new science paradigm that reflects wholistically art, science, diverse philosophies and perspectives.Education, Faculty of
Graduate
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Nestler, Daisy Julia. "Beitrag zum Thema VERBUNDWERKSTOFFE - WERKSTOFFVERBUNDE." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-134459.
Full textAbstract:
Vielschichtige Eigenschaftsprofile benötigen zunehmend moderne Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde einschließlich der raschen Entfaltung neuer Fertigungstechnologien, da der monolithische Werkstoff bzw. ein einziger Werkstoff den heutigen komplexen Anforderungen nicht mehr genügen kann. Zukünftige Werkstoffsysteme haben wirtschaftlich eine Schlüsselposition und sind auf den Wachstumsmärkten von grundlegender Bedeutung. Gefragt sind maßgeschneiderte Leichtbauwerkstoffe (tailor-made composites) mit einem adaptierten Design. Dazu müssen Konzepte entwickelt werden, um die Kombination der Komponenten optimal zu gestalten. Das erfordert werkstoffspezifisches Wissen und Korrelationsvermögen sowie die Gestaltung komplexer Technologien, auch unter dem Aspekt der kontinuierlichen Massen- und Großserienfertigung (in-line, in-situ) und damit der Kostenreduzierung bislang teurer Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in vergleichbarer und vergleichender Art und Weise sowie abstrahierter Form ein Bogen über das Gesamtgebiet der Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde gespannt. Eine zusammenfassende Publikation über dieses noch sehr junge, aber bereits breit aufgestellte Wissenschaftsgebiet fehlt bislang. Das ist der Separierung der einzelnen, fest aufgeteilten Gruppierungen der Verbundwerkstoffe geschuldet. Querverbindungen werden selten hergestellt. Dieses Defizit in einem gewissen Maße auszugleichen, ist Ziel der Arbeit. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden Begriffsbestimmungen und Klassifikationen, Herstellungsverfahren und Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe. Es werden klare Strukturierungen und Übersichten herausgearbeitet. Zuordnungen von etablierten und neuen Technologien sollen zur Begriffsstabilität der Terminologien „Mischbauweise“ und „Hybrider Verbund“ beitragen. Zudem wird die Problematik „Recycling und Recyclingtechnologien“ diskutiert. Zusammenfassend werden Handlungsfelder zukünftiger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte spezifiziert. Aus dem Blickwinkel der verschiedenen Herstellungsrouten insbesondere für Halbzeuge und Bauteile und der dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden verallgemeinerte Konzepte für tailor-made Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde vorgeschlagen („Stellschraubenschema“). Diese allgemeinen Werkstoffkonzepte werden auf eigene aktuelle Forschungsprojekte der Schwerpunktthemen Metallmatrix- und Polymermatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe sowie der hybriden Werkstoffverbunde appliziert. Forschungsfelder für zukünftige Projekte werden abgeleitet. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den hybriden Verbunden als tragende Säule zukünftiger Entwicklungen im Leichtbau. Hier spielen in-line- und in-situ-Prozesse eine entscheidende Rolle für eine großseriennahe, kosteneffiziente und ressourcenschonende ProduktionComplex property profiles require increasingly advanced composite materials and material compounds, including the rapid deployment of new production technologies, because the monolithic material or a single material can no longer satisfy today's complex requirements. Future material systems are fundamentally important to growth markets, in which they have an economically key position. Tailor-made lightweight materials (tailor-made composites) with an adapted design are needed. These concepts have to be developed to design the optimum combination of components. This requires material-specific knowledge and the ability to make correlations, as well as the design of complex technologies. Continuous large-scale and mass production (in-line, in-situ), thus reducing the costs of previously expensive composite materials and material compounds, is also necessary. The present work spans the entire field of composite materials and material compounds in a comparable and comparative manner and abstract form. A summarizing publication on this still very new, but already broad-based scientific field is not yet available. The separation of the individual, firmly divided groups of the composite materials is the reason for this. Cross-connections are rarely made. The objective of this work is to compensate to some extent for this deficiency. Special consideration is given to definitions and classifications, manufacturing processes and the properties of the materials. Clear structures and overviews are presented. Mapping established and new technologies will contribute to the stability of the terms "mixed material compounds" and "hybrid material compounds". In addition, the problem of recycling and recycling technologies is discussed. In summary, areas for future research and development projects will be specified. Generalized concepts for tailor-made composite materials and material compounds are proposed ("adjusting screw scheme") with an eye toward various production routes, especially for semi-finished products and components, and the associated findings. These general material concepts are applied to own current research projects pertaining to metal-matrix and polymer-matrix composites and hybrid material compounds. Research fields for future projects are extrapolated. Particular attention is paid to hybrid material compounds as the mainstay of future developments in lightweight construction. In-line and in-situ processes play a key role for large-scale, cost- and resource-efficient production
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Kwak, Sangshin. "Design and analysis of modern three-phase AC/AC power converters for AC drives and utility interface." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2336.
Full textAbstract:
Significant advances in modern ac/ac power converter technologies and demands
of industries have reached beyond standard ac/ac power converters with voltage-source
inverters fed from diode rectifiers. Power electronics converters have been matured to
stages toward compact realization, increased high-power handling capability, and
improving utility interface. Modern ac/ac power converter topologies with various
control strategies have been introduced for the further improvements, such as matrix
converters, current-fed converters, PWM rectifiers, and active power filters. In this
dissertation, several new converter topologies are proposed in conjunction with
developed control schemes based on the modern ac/ac converters which enhance
performance and solve the drawbacks of conventional converters.
In this study, a new fault-tolerant PWM strategy is first proposed for matrix
converters. The added fault-tolerant scheme would strengthen the matrix converter
technology for aerospace and military applications. A modulation strategy is developed
to reshape output currents for continuous operation, against fault occurrence in matrix
converter drives.
This study designs a hybrid, high-performance ac/ac power converter for high
power applications, based on a high-power load commutated inverter and a mediumpower
voltage source inverter. Natural commutation of the load commutated inverter is
actively controlled by the voltage source inverter. In addition, the developed hybrid
system ensures sinusoidal output current/voltage waveforms and fast dynamic response
in high power areas.
A new topology and control scheme for a six-step current source inverter is
proposed. The proposed topology utilizes a small voltage source inverter, to turn off
main thyristor switches, transfer reactive load energy, and limit peak voltages across
loads. The proposed topology maximizes benefits of the constituent converters: highpower
handling capability of large thyristor-based current source inverters as well as fast
and easy control of small voltage source inverters.
This study analyzes, compares, and evaluates two topologies for unity power
factor and multiple ac/ac power conversions. Theoretical analyses and comparisons of
the two topologies, grounded on mathematical approaches, are presented from the
standpoint of converter kVA ratings, dc-link voltage requirements, switch ratings,
semiconductor losses, and reactive component sizes. Analysis, simulation, and
experimental results are detailed for each proposed topology.
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Napolitano, Ralph E. Jr. "Finite differenc-cellular automation modeling of the evolution of interface morphology during alloy solidification under geometrical constraint : application to metal matrix composite solidification." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32810.
Full text
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Sprowson, Andrew Philip. "The role of matrix extracellular phosphoalvcoprotein (MEPE) in bone formation and the development of nanoscaled biomaterials : its application to the bone implant interface." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490149.
Full text
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Pathak, Sayali V. "Enhanced Heat Transfer in Composite Materials." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1368105955.
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Bakshi, Srinivasa R. "Plasma And Cold Sprayed Aluminum Carbon Nanotube Composites: Quantification Of Nanotube Distribution And Multi-Scale Mechanical Properties." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/97.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) could serve as potential reinforcement for metal matrix composites for improved mechanical properties. However dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in the matrix has been a longstanding problem, since they tend to form clusters to minimize their surface area. The aim of this study was to use plasma and cold spraying techniques to synthesize CNT reinforced aluminum composite with improved dispersion and to quantify the degree of CNT dispersion as it influences the mechanical properties. Novel method of spray drying was used to disperse CNTs in Al-12 wt.% Si pre-alloyed powder, which was used as feedstock for plasma and cold spraying. A new method for quantification of CNT distribution was developed. Two parameters for CNT dispersion quantification, namely Dispersion parameter (DP) and Clustering Parameter (CP) have been proposed based on the image analysis and distance between the centers of CNTs. Nanomechanical properties were correlated with the dispersion of CNTs in the microstructure. Coating microstructure evolution has been discussed in terms of splat formation, deformation and damage of CNTs and CNT/matrix interface. Effect of Si and CNT content on the reaction at CNT/matrix interface was thermodynamically and kinetically studied. A pseudo phase diagram was computed which predicts the interfacial carbide for reaction between CNT and Al-Si alloy at processing temperature. Kinetic aspects showed that Al4C3 forms with Al-12 wt.% Si alloy while SiC forms with Al-23wt.% Si alloy. Mechanical properties at nano, micro and macro-scale were evaluated using nanoindentation and nanoscratch, microindentation and bulk tensile testing respectively. Nano and micro-scale mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness and yield strength) displayed improvement whereas macro-scale mechanical properties were poor. The inversion of the mechanical properties at different scale length was attributed to the porosity, CNT clustering, CNT-splat adhesion and Al4C3 formation at the CNT/matrix interface. The Dispersion parameter (DP) was more sensitive than Clustering parameter (CP) in measuring degree of CNT distribution in the matrix.
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Jacksén, Johan. "Improved techniques for CE-MALDI-MS off-line coupling and MALDI-MS analysis of primarily hydrophobic proteins and peptides." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4599.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the hydrophobic nature of integral membrane proteins (IMP) they give rise to several difficulties concerning handling and analysis, which is not the case for the most water soluble proteins. New analysis methods are needed, where the insolubility problems of the hydrophobic proteins due to aggregation and adhesion are tackled. Those problems also affect digestion performance and equipment compatibility for the analysis.
Protocols for analysis and separation specified for IMP are presented in Paper I and III.
The instrumentation used in this work was capillary electrophoresis (CE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Both instruments are suitable for peptide/proteins analysis.
In Paper I, protocols for a CE separation of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) peptides as model IMP peptides are established. Also, a partially automated manufacturing procedure of a concentration MALDI-target is presented, suitable for fractions from CE. The MS analysis detected 9 out of 10 cyanogen bromide (CNBr) digested BR peptides. A novel technique for the off-line integration of CE to MALDI-MS using a closed-open-closed system is presented in Paper II, where the open part is a microcanal functioning as a MALDI target window. Investigation of the microcanal electro-osmotic flow (EOF) properties and band broadening characteristics was performed. A protein separation was obtained and detected with MALDI-MS analysis in the microcanal. Different protein digestion methods were evaluated using BR in Paper III through MALDI-MS. Several digestion methods as well as MS media were investigated alongside different MALDI matrices. For example, matrices as the hydrophobic 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) and 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (2H3MBA) or 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid (2H5MBA) mixed with DHB, appeared to be promising matrices for analysis of BR.
Med anledning av integrala membranproteiners (IMP) hydrofoba egenskaper uppstår flera svårigheter vid hantering och analys av IMP, vilket inte är fallet för vattenlösliga proteiner. Nya analysmetoder krävs, som löser löslighetsproblemen för de hydrofoba proteinerna som tex flockning och adsorbtion. Dessa problem påverkar även klyvningsgrad och kompatibilitet med analysutrustningen.
I Artikel I och Artikel III presenteras protokoll för analys och separation specifikt för IMP. Instrumenteringen som har använts i detta arbete är kapillärelektrofores (CE) och matris-assisterad laserdesorptions-joniserings-masspektrometri (MALDI-MS). Båda instrumenten är lämpade för peptid/protein analyser.
I Artikel I, presenteras protokoll för en CE separation av peptider från bacteriorhodopsin (BR), som användes som modellpeptider för IMP. En delvis automatiserat tillverkningsprocedur för en koncentrerande MALDI-platta, som är anpassad för CE fraktionerna beskrivs också. MS-analysen detekterade 9 av 10 BR-peptider från cyanobromid-klyvning (CNBr). En ny teknik för off line-integrering av CE till MALDI-MS genom ett slutet-öppet-slutet system presenteras i Artikel II, där den öppna delen är en mikrokanal som fungerar som detektionsfönster i MALDI. Undersökning av mikrokanalens egenskaper som tex det elektroosmotiska flödet (EOF) och bandbreddningen utvärderades. En proteinseparation genomfördes och detekterades med MALDI–MS i mikrokanalen. Olika proteinklyvningsmetoder för BR undersöktes i Artikel III med MALDI-MS. Flera proteinklyvningsmetoder samt MS-medier utvärderades tillsammans med olika MALDI-matriser. Den hydrofoba matrisen 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) och 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (2H3MBA) eller 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid (2H5MBA) blandade med DHB, visade sig exempelvis vara lovande matriser för BR-analyser.
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Nestler, Daisy Julia. "Beitrag zum Thema VERBUNDWERKSTOFFE - WERKSTOFFVERBUNDE: Status quo und Forschungsansätze." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2012. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20009.
Full textAbstract:
Vielschichtige Eigenschaftsprofile benötigen zunehmend moderne Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde einschließlich der raschen Entfaltung neuer Fertigungstechnologien, da der monolithische Werkstoff bzw. ein einziger Werkstoff den heutigen komplexen Anforderungen nicht mehr genügen kann. Zukünftige Werkstoffsysteme haben wirtschaftlich eine Schlüsselposition und sind auf den Wachstumsmärkten von grundlegender Bedeutung. Gefragt sind maßgeschneiderte Leichtbauwerkstoffe (tailor-made composites) mit einem adaptierten Design. Dazu müssen Konzepte entwickelt werden, um die Kombination der Komponenten optimal zu gestalten. Das erfordert werkstoffspezifisches Wissen und Korrelationsvermögen sowie die Gestaltung komplexer Technologien, auch unter dem Aspekt der kontinuierlichen Massen- und Großserienfertigung (in-line, in-situ) und damit der Kostenreduzierung bislang teurer Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in vergleichbarer und vergleichender Art und Weise sowie abstrahierter Form ein Bogen über das Gesamtgebiet der Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde gespannt. Eine zusammenfassende Publikation über dieses noch sehr junge, aber bereits breit aufgestellte Wissenschaftsgebiet fehlt bislang. Das ist der Separierung der einzelnen, fest aufgeteilten Gruppierungen der Verbundwerkstoffe geschuldet. Querverbindungen werden selten hergestellt. Dieses Defizit in einem gewissen Maße auszugleichen, ist Ziel der Arbeit. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden Begriffsbestimmungen und Klassifikationen, Herstellungsverfahren und Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe. Es werden klare Strukturierungen und Übersichten herausgearbeitet. Zuordnungen von etablierten und neuen Technologien sollen zur Begriffsstabilität der Terminologien „Mischbauweise“ und „Hybrider Verbund“ beitragen. Zudem wird die Problematik „Recycling und Recyclingtechnologien“ diskutiert. Zusammenfassend werden Handlungsfelder zukünftiger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte spezifiziert. Aus dem Blickwinkel der verschiedenen Herstellungsrouten insbesondere für Halbzeuge und Bauteile und der dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden verallgemeinerte Konzepte für tailor-made Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde vorgeschlagen („Stellschraubenschema“). Diese allgemeinen Werkstoffkonzepte werden auf eigene aktuelle Forschungsprojekte der Schwerpunktthemen Metallmatrix- und Polymermatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe sowie der hybriden Werkstoffverbunde appliziert. Forschungsfelder für zukünftige Projekte werden abgeleitet. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den hybriden Verbunden als tragende Säule zukünftiger Entwicklungen im Leichtbau. Hier spielen in-line- und in-situ-Prozesse eine entscheidende Rolle für eine großseriennahe, kosteneffiziente und ressourcenschonende Produktion.Complex property profiles require increasingly advanced composite materials and material compounds, including the rapid deployment of new production technologies, because the monolithic material or a single material can no longer satisfy today's complex requirements. Future material systems are fundamentally important to growth markets, in which they have an economically key position. Tailor-made lightweight materials (tailor-made composites) with an adapted design are needed. These concepts have to be developed to design the optimum combination of components. This requires material-specific knowledge and the ability to make correlations, as well as the design of complex technologies. Continuous large-scale and mass production (in-line, in-situ), thus reducing the costs of previously expensive composite materials and material compounds, is also necessary. The present work spans the entire field of composite materials and material compounds in a comparable and comparative manner and abstract form. A summarizing publication on this still very new, but already broad-based scientific field is not yet available. The separation of the individual, firmly divided groups of the composite materials is the reason for this. Cross-connections are rarely made. The objective of this work is to compensate to some extent for this deficiency. Special consideration is given to definitions and classifications, manufacturing processes and the properties of the materials. Clear structures and overviews are presented. Mapping established and new technologies will contribute to the stability of the terms "mixed material compounds" and "hybrid material compounds". In addition, the problem of recycling and recycling technologies is discussed. In summary, areas for future research and development projects will be specified. Generalized concepts for tailor-made composite materials and material compounds are proposed ("adjusting screw scheme") with an eye toward various production routes, especially for semi-finished products and components, and the associated findings. These general material concepts are applied to own current research projects pertaining to metal-matrix and polymer-matrix composites and hybrid material compounds. Research fields for future projects are extrapolated. Particular attention is paid to hybrid material compounds as the mainstay of future developments in lightweight construction. In-line and in-situ processes play a key role for large-scale, cost- and resource-efficient production.