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Journal articles on the topic 'Matriz de Gram'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Acosta Rueda PhD, José Alberto, Diana Milena Estupiñán Torres, Geovana Katerine Reyes Guevara, and Liliana Sánchez Lerna. "Bacterias anaerobias presentes en surco gingival de pacientes con prótesis parcial fija." Nova 6, no. 9 (2008): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/24629448.391.

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<p>Recientemente los aspectos biológicos de las reconstrucciones fijas han recibido atención porque los materiales usados en estas prácticas poseen gran capacidad de acumular y retener placa. Las bacterias de esta placa están dispuestas en una matriz denominada biopelícula. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las bacterias anaeróbicas presentes en el surco gingival de pacientes durante el tratamiento prostodóntico fijo. Se analizaron 45 muestras. Como grupo experimental, se estudiaron 30 muestras provenientes de pacientes con prótesis parcial fija y 15 muestras provenientes de personas sin este tratamiento prostodóntico, como grupo control.</p><p>Las muestras obtenidas con punta de papel, fueron aisladas en agar sangre e incubadas en medio anaerobio. Se les realizó la prueba de aerotolerancia y la identificación se hizo con el sistema RapID TM ANA II System Remel. Se aislaron 12 bacterias anaerobias correspondientes a: 8,33% bacilos Gram negativos; 58,33 % bacilos Gram positivos y 33,33 % cocos Gram positivos. En el grupo control ninguna bacteria anaerobia fue aislada. únicamente fueron observados cocos facultativos Gram positivos. Aunque no se ha descrito que la presencia de placa en prótesis fijas tenga alguna clase de impacto negativo sobre los tejidos periodontales, la acumulación de ésta por un período extendido puede convertirse en un factor de riesgo para un problema de salud pública, como la enfermedad periodontal. Los resultados de este estudio confirmaron que la presencia de prótesis fijas resultó en un cambio en la composición de la microflora anaeróbica del surco gingival, compatible con enfermedad periodontal.</p>

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2

Pavão, Danilo Pavão e., Francyelle Costa Moraes, Brendha Luanny Moreira Ribeiro, Flávio Guilherme Rodrigues Costa, and Marcos Bispo Pinheiro Camara. "Capacidade de formação de biofilme por cepas bacterianas e ação antibiofilme do extrato de Lafoensia pacari (Lythraceae)." Revista Fitos 15, no. 2 (2021): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32712/2446-4775.2021.1073.

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Nos últimos anos surgiram inúmeros microrganismos multirresistentes. Um especial mecanismo que confere resistência à antibióticos e sistema imune é a capacidade de formar biofilme. Essa estrutura é um aglomerado de bactérias envolvidas por uma matriz polimérica que as protege. O presente estudo buscou quantificar e classificar a produção de biofilme por microrganismos frequentemente encontrados em Infecções Relacionadas a Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) e de linhagens isoladas de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), além de testar a atividade antibiofilme do extrato das folhas da Lafoensia pacari. Utilizou-se o método de quantificação de biomassa com cristal violeta e leitura a 570nm. Obteve-se maior produção de biofilme por bactérias do grupo das gram-negativas como Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolada de um colchão e entre as gram-positivas destaca-se a E. faecalis (ATCC 19429). O extrato vegetal teve ação antibiofilme em 50% dos microrganismos testados, inclusive entre os mais fortes formadores de biofilme.

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3

Gamarra Urzola, Evelyn Julieth, Eliana Marcela Pereira Cardeño, and Laura Viviana Herrera Sandoval. "Determinación de la población de Actinomicetos y Pseudomonas spp. en una matriz de suelo sometida a proceso de bioaumentación y bioestimulación." Revista Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud UDES 4, no. 2.S1 (2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20320/rfcsudes.v4i2.s1.r01.

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Introducción: Poco se conoce de la diversidad bacteriana del suelo de los rellenos sanitarios, particularmente del suelo de El Carrasco, principal sitio de disposición final de residuos de Santander. Objetivo: Determinar la población de Actinomicetos y Pseudomonas spp. presente en una matriz de suelo tomada del relleno sanitario El Carrasco, sometida a procesos de bioaumentación y bioestimulación. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos fenotípicos de identificación bacteriana para caracterizar microbiológicamente Actinomicetos (nivel género) y Pseudomonas spp. (nivel especie), partiendo de una matriz de suelo tomada de El Carrasco. Esta caracterización se realizó en la muestra nativa y luego de que esta fuera sometida a bioaumentación y a bioaumentación más bioestimulación. Resultados: Se aislaron siete cepas de Actinomicetos, cuatro pertenecientes al género Streptomyces spp y tres del género Nocardia spp., a partir de la muestra nativa y la muestra sometida a bioaumentación. Los resultados obtenidos para Pseudomonas spp., evidencian la presencia de bacilos Gram negativos compatibles con este género. Sin embargo, estos bacilos permanecieron mezclados con otras morfologías bacterianas, a pesar de los sucesivos repiques realizados; sugiriendo la posible formación de consorcios microbianos. Conclusiones: Los Actinomicetos identificados se correlacionan con lo reportado en la literatura, ya que Streptomyces spp y Nocardia spp, son los dos géneros más representativos de Actinomicetos encontrados en diferentes muestras de suelo. Las posibles bacterias del género Pseudomonas presentes en esta matriz de suelo, no se logran identificar mediante la metodología propuesta, y deben ser estudiadas a través de métodos específicos para la caracterización de consorcios microbianos.

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4

Delgado Azañero, Wilson. "Salud Bucal." Diagnóstico 57, no. 1 (2018): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33734/diagnostico.v57i1.125.

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El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los conceptos actuales sobre la salud oral de los adultos. Los tejidos blandos y duros de la boca sufren cambios estructurales y bioquímicos a lo largo de la vida del individuo. Los mecanismos de defensa contra las injurias también guardan relación con la edad. Estas observaciones explicarían por qué algunas lesiones orales son más comunes en los pacientes adultos mayores. Las investigaciones acerca del biofilm han establecido que es una estructura compleja ubicada en las zonas supra e infragingivales, compuesta de microorganismos patógenos embebidos en una matriz de polímeros extracelulares de origen microbiano y salival. La periodontitis es básicamente una infección producida por bacterias anaeróbicas gram negativas presentes en el biofilm que tienen el potencial de diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo donde pueden provocar o agravar alteraciones sistémicas tales como: Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Endocarditis infecciosa, Neumonía bacteriana, Infarto cerebral, Infantes con bajo peso al nacer y Diabetes mellitus. La infección periodontal genera varias substancias nocivas que son el resultado de la interacción entre el biofilm y la respuesta inflamatoria del huésped. Estas sustancias corresponden a lipopolisacáridos, prostaglandinas, citosinas, proteína C reactiva y fibrinógeno circulante aumentados. Estos elementos encontrados en periodontitis explicarían la relación entre enfermedades sistémicas e infección oral.

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5

Díaz, María del Pilar, and Gustavo Gratiniano González Paya. "Colibacilosis en gallinas reproductoras." Revista Sistemas de Producción Agroecológicos 9, no. 2 (2018): 52–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22579/22484817.717.

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La colibacilosis en gallinas reproductoras se da por la bacteria Gram negativa, enterobacteria Escherichia coli patogénica aviar (APEC), la cual presenta un porcentaje alto de polimorfismos y plasticidad en su genes, las investigaciones reportan hallazgos macroscópicos comunes: salpingitis, peritonitis y poliserositis, que conlleva a la muerte del ave, se definen tres rutas de contaminación, de forma ascendente por la cloaca del ave, ingreso por vía respiratoria o por translocación bacteriana desde el intestino; el diagnóstico de la colibacilosis se realiza a partir del historial del galpón, realizando necropsias y tomando muestras a partir de hisopos o tejido de órganos como oviducto, pulmón, corazón u otros órganos afectados, que se llevan a medios como McConkey, eosina-metileno azul o agar drigalki para su aislamiento, como pruebas específicas para Esceherichia coli se conocen métodos basados en fenotipos como serotipo de O/H inmunológico, tipificación de bacteriófago, electroforesis con enzimas multilocus, desorción/ionización láser asistida por matriz (MALDI-TOF) y métodos basados en genotipos como polimorfismo de longitud de restricción (RFLP), ensayo de suspensión basado en liminex, polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos amplificados (AFLP) y mapeo óptico. Las vacunas para esta bacteria no se han desarrollado a la perfección ya que presenta respuesta inmune ante sus homólogos, pero nada de resistencia a desafíos con heterólogos, sigue en investigación el desarrollo de vacunas que puedan presentar respuesta ante varios serotipos de la bacteria, por ahora la forma eficaz de controlar la bacteria es a partir de protocolos de bioseguridad y prevención para la mantener la sanidad de la granja.

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6

Gorkin, Pamela, John E. McCarthy, Sandra Pott, and Brett D. Wick. "Thin sequences and the Gram matrix." Archiv der Mathematik 103, no. 1 (2014): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00013-014-0667-8.

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7

Banica, Teodor, and Stephen Curran. "Decomposition results for Gram matrix determinants." Journal of Mathematical Physics 51, no. 11 (2010): 113503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3511332.

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8

Osgooei, E., and A. Rahimi. "Gram matrix associated to controlled frames." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 16, no. 05 (2018): 1850035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691318500352.

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Controlled frames have been recently introduced in Hilbert spaces to improve the numerical efficiency of interactive algorithms for inverting the frame operator. In this paper, unlike the cross-Gram matrix of two different sequences which is not always a diagnostic tool, we define the controlled-Gram matrix of a sequence as a practical implement to diagnose that a given sequence is a controlled Bessel, frame or Riesz basis. Also, we discuss the cases that the operator associated to controlled Gram matrix will be bounded, invertible, Hilbert–Schmidt or a trace-class operator. Similar to standard frames, we present an explicit structure for controlled Riesz bases and show that every [Formula: see text]-controlled Riesz basis [Formula: see text] is in the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a bijective operator on [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we propose an equivalent accessible condition to the sequence [Formula: see text] being a [Formula: see text]-controlled Riesz basis.

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9

Sreeram, V., and P. Agathoklis. "On the properties of Gram matrix." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 41, no. 3 (1994): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/81.273922.

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10

Romanova, Yu M., A. V. Tutelyan, A. P. Sinitsyn, et al. "Enzymes from carbohydrase group destroy biofilm matrix of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria." Medical alphabet 4, no. 34 (2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-4-34(409)-40-45.

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The effect of enzymes carbohydrases exopolysaccharide matrix of biofilms formed by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria on abiotic surfaces was studied. The ability of a mixture of carbohydrase enzymes (hydrolases and lyases) to completely destroy the matrix of biofilms formed by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria causing health-associated infections has been confirmed. An optimal mixture of carbohydrases possesed high anti-biofilm activity even when employed in relatively small concentrations and at a brief exposure time.

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11

Nobile, Fabio Olivieri de, Hugo Dias Nunes, Priscila Paula Furegate Santos, Carolina Costa Ferrante, and Aline da Silva Nakamura. "THREE COMPARISON METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS USING BERMUDA GRASS (Cynodon dactylon) AS MOTHER OF ANALYSIS." Nucleus 11, no. 2 (2014): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.1057.

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12

Futa, Yuichi, and Yasunari Shidama. "Embedded Lattice and Properties of Gram Matrix." Formalized Mathematics 25, no. 1 (2017): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forma-2017-0007.

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Summary In this article, we formalize in Mizar [14] the definition of embedding of lattice and its properties. We formally define an inner product on an embedded module. We also formalize properties of Gram matrix. We formally prove that an inverse of Gram matrix for a rational lattice exists. Lattice of Z-module is necessary for lattice problems, LLL (Lenstra, Lenstra and Lov´asz) base reduction algorithm [16] and cryptographic systems with lattice [17].

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13

Tarigan, Alesandro, I. D. G. Ary Subagia, and A. A. I. A. Sri Komaladewi. "Eksperimental Adsorpsi dan Absorpsi Air Permukaan menggunakan Komposit hibrida Batu Basalt/ Moringa oleifera/ Tepung Lengket." Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur 12, no. 1 (2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jem.2019.v12.i01.p04.

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Pada penelitian ini, komposit hibrida sebagai adsorbsi dan absorpsi polutan pada air permukaan telah dibuat. Komposisi hibrida terdiri dari batu basalt (BB) dan moringa oleifera (MO) sebagai pengisi dan tepung lengket (TL) sebagai matrik. Komposisi fraksi berat yaitu 40 wt% pengisi dan 60 wt% matrik telah diaplikasikan. Proses pencetakan panas (hot-press) telah digunakan untuk memproduksi komposit hibrida masing-masing variasi dengan melalui suhu 200° Celcius dan tekanan 2000 psi. Tujuan penelitian menginovasi kemampuan bahan dalam fungsi sebagai penyerap dan pengikat polutan pada air permukaan. Perendaman komposit hibrida selama 14 hari pada air permukaan telah dilakukan untuk menguji sifat adsorpsi dan absorpsi. Turbidity dilakukan untuk menentukan nilai kekeruhan dan nilai kandungan micro-organisme pada air permukaan sebelum dan setelah penambahan komposit hibrida. Hasil pengujian ditunjukan pertambahan paling tinggi yaitu pada spesimen dengan komposisi 40% batu basalt dan 60% tepung lengket dengan pertambahan berat sebesar 21,11 gram selama 336 jam dan paling kecil pada spesimen dengan komposisi 40% moringa oleifera dan 60% tepung lengket dengan pertambahan berat sebesar 4,15 gram selama 336 jam. Pada air dilakukan pengujian terhadap kekeruhan, pH dan bakteri pada air setelah dilakukan pengujian, dimana hasil pada spesimen dengan komposisi 40% moringa oleifera dan 60% tepung dapat mengurangi bakteri coliform sebesar 78,6%. hybrid composition is consisted of basalt and moringa oleifera with filler wood flour as a matrix. The composition of heavy fractions is 40 wt% filler and 60 wt% matrix has been applied. The hot-press process has been used to produce hybrid composites of each variation through a temperature of 200° Celsius and a pressure of 2000 psi. The purpose of this research is to inovate the ability of materials to function as absorbent and as binder of pollutants in surface water. Immersion of hybrid composites for 14 days in surface water has been carried out to test the characteristic of adsorption and absorption. Turbidity is done to determine the turbidity value and the value of micro-organism content in surface water before and after the addition of hybrid composites. The test results showed the highest increase in the specimens with a composition of 40% basalt stone and 60% sticky flour with a weight gain of 21.11 grams for 336 hours and the smallest in specimens with a composition of 40% moringa oleifera and 60% wood flour with weight gain amounting to 4.15 grams for 336 hours. In the water testing of turbidity, pH and bacteria on water after testing, the results on specimens with a composition of 40% moringa oleifera and 60% wood flour can reduce coliform bacteria by 78.6%.

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Passenbrunner, M. "Pointwise estimates for B-spline gram matrix inverses." Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Analysis 49, no. 2 (2014): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068362314020034.

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15

Korres, George N. "A Gram Matrix-Based Method for Observability Restoration." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 26, no. 4 (2011): 2569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2011.2126290.

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Tay, B. A., and Hishamuddin Zainuddin. "Orbit Classification of Qutrit via the Gram Matrix." Chinese Physics Letters 25, no. 6 (2008): 1923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/25/6/001.

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17

Chen, Xiaojun, Robert S. Womersley, and Jane J. Ye. "Minimizing the Condition Number of a Gram Matrix." SIAM Journal on Optimization 21, no. 1 (2011): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/100786022.

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18

Lu, Lizheng. "Gram matrix of Bernstein basis: Properties and applications." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 280 (May 2015): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2014.11.037.

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19

Qiu, Sigang. "Discrete Gabor transforms: The Gabor-Gram matrix approach." Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications 4, no. 1 (1998): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02475925.

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20

Sun, Yuan, Shunlong Luo, and Xiangyun Lei. "Quantumness of ensemble via coherence of Gram matrix." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 134, no. 3 (2021): 30003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/134/30003.

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21

Jodeit, Max, and Peter J. Olver. "On the equation grad f = M grad g." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 116, no. 3-4 (1990): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500031541.

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SynopsisThe system of differential equations ∇f = M∇g, where M is a given square matrix, arises in many contexts. A complete solution to this problem in the case when M is a constant matrix is presented here. Applications to continuum mechanics and biHamiltonian systems are indicated.

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22

Fuglede, Bent. "Hyperorthogonal family of vectors and the associated Gram matrix." L’Enseignement Mathématique 60, no. 1 (2014): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/lem/60-1/2-3.

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23

Chèze, Guillaume, and Luca Amodei. "How to cut a cake with a Gram matrix." Linear Algebra and its Applications 560 (January 2019): 114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2018.09.028.

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24

Yaskov, Pavel. "Controlling the least eigenvalue of a random Gram matrix." Linear Algebra and its Applications 504 (September 2016): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2016.03.048.

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de Almeida, Madson C., Eduardo N. Asada, and Ariovaldo V. Garcia. "On the Use of Gram Matrix in Observability Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 23, no. 1 (2008): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2007.913731.

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Benaych-Georges, Florent, and Romain Couillet. "Spectral analysis of the Gram matrix of mixture models." ESAIM: Probability and Statistics 20 (2016): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ps/2016007.

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Carbó-Dorca, Ramon. "A theorem on the Gram matrix of a polyhedron." Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 55, no. 1 (2016): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-016-0672-1.

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Ramona, M., G. Richard, and B. David. "Multiclass Feature Selection With Kernel Gram-Matrix-Based Criteria." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 23, no. 10 (2012): 1611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2012.2201748.

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29

Sreeram, V., and K. S. Yong. "Evaluation of Gram matrix diagonal elements using inners technique." Electronics Letters 27, no. 12 (1991): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19910663.

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Weigert, Stefan. "The Gram Matrix of a PT-Symmetric Quantum System." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 54, no. 1 (2004): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:cjop.0000014380.30604.a8.

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Fran, Fransiskus, Novita Indah Saputri, and Mariatul Kiftiah. "Hasil Kali Matriks (Mod 2) pada Graf Roda, Graf Pertemanan dan Graf Bunga." Jambura Journal of Mathematics 3, no. 2 (2021): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jjom.v3i2.10468.

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ABSTRAKPada artikel ini dibahas sifat-sifat hasil kali matriks (mod 2) terkait graf roda, graf pertemanan, dan graf bunga yang grafikal. Beberapa hasil yang diperoleh, A(Wn)A(Wn)(Mod 2) dan A(Wn)A(Sn)(Mod 2) grafikal apabila n=2k+1 dengan Sn merupakan graf bintang. Selanjutnya, diperoleh A(Wn)A(Go)(mod 2) dan A(Wn)A(G0)(mod 2) grafikal untuk semua n=3 dengan G0 adalah subgraf dari Wn dengan degG0v0=0, degG0vl=degWnvl, untuk 1= l = n. Hasil kali matriks (mod 2) yang grafikal juga diperoleh untuk graf pertemanan dan graf bunga dengan komplemen dan subgrafnya masing- masing. Hasil lebih umum diperoleh untuk kondisi sehingga A(G)A(G)(mod 2) grafikal. ABSTRACTIn this paper, we discussed the properties of the wheel, flower and friendship graphs for which the matrix product under modulo 2 was graphical. Let Sn be a star graph and G0 be a subgraph of Wn where degG0v0=0, degG0vl=degWnvl, for 1= l = n. We proved the matrix product A(Wn)A(Wo)(mod 2) and A(Wn)A(Sn)(Mod 2) was graphical for n=2k+1 and the matrix product A(Wn)A(Go)(mod 2) and A(Wn)A(G0)(mod 2) was graphical for all n=3. For the next, a graphical matrix product (mod 2) was also obtained for the friendship graph and the flower graph with its complement and subgraph, respectively. As more general results were obtained for conditions such that A(G)A(G)(mod 2) was graphical.

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Qian, Bing-Feng, Shi-Jie Gao, Quan-Feng Li, Qian Zhang, and Ye Wang. "A Fast Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm Based on Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 4 (2021): 642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.3026.

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Fast implementation is one of the important indexes of the ADBF algorithm. The advantages of the Gram-Schmidt (GS) orthogonalization algorithm are that it can reconstruct the interference subspace well under the high signal-to-noise ratio and has fast convergence speed and low computational complexity. This paper studies the RGS algorithm for GS orthogonalization of sampling covariance matrix. To estimate the interference subspace more accurately, this paper modifies the orthogonal adaptive threshold of covariance matrix, and extends the proposed GS orthogonal algorithm of covariance matrix based on data preprocessing to the adaptive beamforming processing at subarray level.

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Godovalov, A. P., and T. I. Karpunina. "THE DETERMINATION OF BIOFILM COMPOSITION OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 64, no. 10 (2019): 632–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-10-632-634.

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Current methods of biofilm imaging do not support a differentiated assessment of its composition, since it is not possible to establish a substrate stained with crystal violet, as this dye can form complexes with both intracellular and extracellular structures. This approach does not adequately assess the anti-biofilm effects of drugs, while the results of studying the interaction of drugs with biofilm components can ensure their most correct choice. The aim of investigation was to study the possibility of applying the original modification of the current method to determine the ratio of the cellular part and the matrix of biofilms of gram-positive microorganisms. The biofilm components were analyzed using a two-step approach, when prepared biofilms of gram-positive microorganisms were stained with crystal violet for 5 minutes, followed by fixing the dye in bacterial cells with iodine solution, and then the colored products were dissolved with 95% alcohol: matrix components for 1 minute, total biofilm for 15 minutes, after which the composition of biofilms was estimated by the formula: M=(OP1/OP15)×100, Kb=100-M, where M is the proportion of the matrix,%; Kb - the proportion of the cellular component,%; OP1 - optical density of samples, when alcohol was allowed to dissolve the colored product for no more than 1 minute; OP15 - was the optical density of samples, when alcohol is allowed to dissolve the colored product for 15 minutes. It was shown that in the composition of the biofilm formed by the collection strain, the proportion of the matrix was 13.2%, and the cellular component accounted for 86.8%. When the same strain cultivated in the presence of an antibiotic, an increase in the biofilm matrix was observed, which is probably due to the compensatory response of the microorganism to the action of the antibiotic. The proposed approach to the study of biofilms makes it possible to evaluate its component composition. Obtaining additional information in this way can provide, inter alia, an increase in the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy while reducing the study time.

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Kokkendorff, S. L. "Gram Matrix Analysis of Finite Distance Spaces in Constant Curvature." Discrete and Computational Geometry 31, no. 4 (2004): 515–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00454-004-0806-2.

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Jeon, Charles, Zequn Li, and Christoph Studer. "Approximate Gram-Matrix Interpolation for Wideband Massive MU-MIMO Systems." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69, no. 5 (2020): 4677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.2983025.

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Kurmayya, T., and K. C. Sivakumar. "Moore-Penrose Inverse of a Gram Matrix and Its Nonnegativity." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 139, no. 1 (2008): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10957-008-9426-y.

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Osgooei, E., and A. Rahimi. "Cross-Gram Matrix Associated to Two Sequences in Hilbert Spaces." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science 43, no. 4 (2018): 1755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40995-018-0624-7.

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Dai, Yong, Yi Li, Bin Sun, and Li-Jun Liu. "Skip-connected network with gram matrix for product image retrieval." Neurocomputing 447 (August 2021): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2021.03.067.

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Yi, Renjie, Chen Cui, Biao Wu, and Yang Gong. "A New Method of Measurement Matrix Optimization for Compressed Sensing Based on Alternating Minimization." Mathematics 9, no. 4 (2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9040329.

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In this paper, a new method of measurement matrix optimization for compressed sensing based on alternating minimization is introduced. The optimal measurement matrix is formulated in terms of minimizing the Frobenius norm of the difference between the Gram matrix of sensing matrix and the target one. The method considers the simultaneous minimization of the mutual coherence indexes including maximum mutual coherence μmax, t-averaged mutual coherence μave and global mutual coherence μall, and solves the problem that minimizing a single index usually results in the deterioration of the others. Firstly, the threshold of the shrinkage function is raised to be higher than the Welch bound and the relaxed Equiangular Tight Frame obtained by applying the new function to the Gram matrix is taken as the initial target Gram matrix, which reduces μave and solves the problem that μmax would be larger caused by the lower threshold in the known shrinkage function. Then a new target Gram matrix is obtained by sequentially applying rank reduction and eigenvalue averaging to the initial one, leading to lower. The analytical solutions of measurement matrix are derived by SVD and an alternating scheme is adopted in the method. Simulation results show that the proposed method simultaneously reduces the above three indexes and outperforms the known algorithms in terms of reconstruction performance.

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CHEN, QI, and JOZEF H. PRZYTYCKI. "THE GRAM MATRIX OF A TEMPERLEY-LIEB ALGEBRA IS SIMILAR TO THE MATRIX OF CHROMATIC JOINS." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 10, supp01 (2008): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021919970800306x.

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Taglialegna, Agustina, Iñigo Lasa, and Jaione Valle. "Amyloid Structures as Biofilm Matrix Scaffolds." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 19 (2016): 2579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00122-16.

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Recent insights into bacterial biofilm matrix structures have induced a paradigm shift toward the recognition of amyloid fibers as common building block structures that confer stability to the exopolysaccharide matrix. Here we describe the functional amyloid systems related to biofilm matrix formation in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and recent knowledge regarding the interaction of amyloids with other biofilm matrix components such as extracellular DNA (eDNA) and the host immune system. In addition, we summarize the efforts to identify compounds that target amyloid fibers for therapeutic purposes and recent developments that take advantage of the amyloid structure to engineer amyloid fibers of bacterial biofilm matrices for biotechnological applications.

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Wei, Ziran, Jianlin Zhang, Zhiyong Xu, Yong Liu, and Krzysztof Okarma. "Measurement Matrix Optimization via Mutual Coherence Minimization for Compressively Sensed Signals Reconstruction." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7979606.

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For signals reconstruction based on compressive sensing, to reconstruct signals of higher accuracy with lower compression rates, it is required that there is a smaller mutual coherence between the measurement matrix and the sparsifying matrix. Mutual coherence between the measurement matrix and sparsifying matrix can be expressed indirectly by the property of the Gram matrix. On the basis of the Gram matrix, a new optimization algorithm of acquiring a measurement matrix has been proposed in this paper. Firstly, a new mathematical model is designed and a new method of initializing measurement matrix is adopted to optimize the measurement matrix. Then, the loss function of the new algorithm model is solved by the gradient projection-based method of Gram matrix approximating an identity matrix. Finally, the optimized measurement matrix is generated by minimizing mutual coherence between measurement matrix and sparsifying matrix. Compared with the conventional measurement matrices and the traditional optimization methods, the proposed new algorithm effectively improves the performance of optimized measurement matrices in reconstructing one-dimensional sparse signals and two-dimensional image signals that are not sparse. The superior performance of the proposed method in this paper has been fully tested and verified by a large number of experiments.

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Whitfield, Gregory B., and P. Lynne Howell. "The Matrix Revisited: Opening Night for the Pel Polysaccharide Across Eubacterial Kingdoms." Microbiology Insights 14 (January 2021): 117863612098858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178636120988588.

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Bacteria synthesize and export adhesive macromolecules to enable biofilm formation. These macromolecules, collectively called the biofilm matrix, are structurally varied and often unique to specific bacterial species or subspecies. This heterogeneity in matrix utilization makes it difficult to facilitate direct comparison between biofilm formation mechanisms of different bacterial species. Despite this, some matrix components, in particular the polysaccharides poly-β-1,6- N-acetyl-glucosamine (PNAG) and bacterial cellulose, are utilized by many Gram-negative species for biofilm formation. However, there is a very narrow distribution of these components across Gram-positive organisms, whose biofilm matrix determinants remain largely undiscovered. We found that a genetic locus required for the production of a biofilm matrix component of P. aeruginosa, the Pel polysaccharide, is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and that there is a variant form of this cluster present in many Gram-positive bacterial species. We demonstrated that this locus is required for biofilm formation by Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987, produces a polysaccharide that is similar to Pel, and is post-translationally regulated by cyclic-3′,5′-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) in a manner identical to P. aeruginosa. However, while the proposed mechanism for Pel production appears remarkably similar between B. cereus and P. aeruginosa, we identified several key differences between Gram-negative and Gram-positive Pel biosynthetic components in other monoderms. In particular, 4 different architectural subtypes of the c-di-GMP-binding component PelD were identified, including 1 found only in Streptococci that has entirely lost the c-di-GMP recognition domain. These observations highlight how existing multi-component bacterial machines can be subtly tweaked to adapt to the unique physiology and regulatory mechanisms of Gram-positive organisms. Collectively, our analyses suggest that the Pel biosynthetic locus is one of the most phylogenetically widespread biofilm matrix determinants in bacteria, and that its mechanism of production and regulation is extraordinarily conserved across the majority of organisms that possess it.

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Anghel, Narcis, Maria Valentina Dinu, Florica Doroftei, and Iuliana Spiridon. "Xanthan Matrix as Drug ZDelivery System." Revista de Chimie 72, no. 1 (2021): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.21.1.8406.

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Here we present a new drug delivery system based on xanthan esterified with acrylic acid. This material served as a matrix for the incorporation of bioactive substances with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Scanning Electron Micrography (SEM). Mechanical strength tests showed a substantial improvement in the resilience and flexibility of the polymer matrix modified by esterification under conditions of mechanical stress. The release of bioactive substances from the basic matrix follows a Korsmeyer-Peppas type kinetics. The modified xanthan-based transport system was shown to be antimicrobially active with an inhibition rate of almost 100% on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The obtained results recommend this biomaterial for the manufacture of transdermal drug delivery devices.

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Maryani, Sri. "KETAKSAMAAN CAUCHY SCHWARZ PADA RUANG HASIL KALI DALAM-2." Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 1, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jmp.2009.1.1.2973.

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Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is an important property on inner product spaces. This inequality can be generalized to 2-inner product spaces. We can be inducted a norm from those inner product spaces and then generalized that norm to 2-norm. This paper will reprove Cauchy-Schwarz inequality used positive semi definite of Gram matrix such that sub-matrix of Gram determinant is non-negative.

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Nitsche-Schmitz, Patric, Manfred Rohde, and Gursharan Chhatwal. "Invasion mechanisms of Gram-positive pathogenic cocci." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 98, no. 09 (2007): 488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-03-0179.

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SummaryGram-positive cocci are important human pathogens. Streptococci and staphylococci in particular are a major threat to human health,since they cause a variety of serious invasive infections. Their invasion into normally sterile sites of the host depends on elaborated bacterial mechanisms that involve adhesion to the host tissue, its degradation, internalisation by host cells, and passage through epithelia and endothelia. Interactions of bacterial surface proteins with proteins of the host’s extracellular matrix as well as with cell surface receptors are crucial factors in these processes, and some of the key mechanisms are similar in many pathogenic Gram-positive cocci.Therapies that interfere with these mechanisms may become efficient alternatives to today’s antibiotic treatments.

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Schooling, Sarah R., and Terry J. Beveridge. "Membrane Vesicles: an Overlooked Component of the Matrices of Biofilms." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 16 (2006): 5945–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00257-06.

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ABSTRACT The matrix helps define the architecture and infrastructure of biofilms and also contributes to their resilient nature. Although many studies continue to define the properties of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial biofilms, there is still much to learn, especially about how structural characteristics help bridge the gap between the chemistry and physical aspects of the matrix. Here, we show that membrane vesicles (MVs), structures derived from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, are a common particulate feature of the matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Biofilms grown using different model systems and growth conditions were shown to contain MVs when thin sectioned for transmission electron microscopy, and mechanically disrupted biofilms revealed MVs in association with intercellular material. MVs were also isolated from biofilms by employing techniques for matrix isolation and a modified MV isolation protocol. Together these observations verified the presence and frequency of MVs and indicated that MVs were a definite component of the matrix. Characterization of planktonic and biofilm-derived MVs revealed quantitative and qualitative differences between the two and indicated functional roles, such as proteolytic activity and binding of antibiotics. The ubiquity of MVs was supported by observations of biofilms from a variety of natural environments outside the laboratory and established MVs as common biofilm constituents. MVs appear to be important and relatively unacknowledged particulate components of the matrix of gram-negative or mixed bacterial biofilms.

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Juncu, Gh, and C. Popa. "Preconditioning by approximations of the Gram matrix for convection–diffusion equations." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 48, no. 2 (1998): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4754(98)00156-6.

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Telescu, M., N. Tanguy, P. Bréhonnet, and P. Vilbé. "Efficient Gram-matrix computation for irrational resonant systems using Kautz models." Signal Processing 87, no. 12 (2007): 3234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2007.06.012.

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Sreeram, V., and P. Goddard. "Evaluation of Gram matrix off-diagonal elements using system time moments." Electronics Letters 27, no. 3 (1991): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19910176.

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