Academic literature on the topic 'Mats Melin'

Thirty-four polymorphic simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) were evaluated for length polymorphism in melon (Cucumis melo L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). SSR markers were located on three melon maps (18 on the map of 'Vedrantais' and PI 161375, 23 on the map of 'Piel de Sapo' and PI 161375, and 16 on the map of PI 414723 and 'Dulce'). In addition, 14 of the markers were located on the cucumber map of GY14 and PI 183967. SSRs proved to be randomly distributed throughout the melon and cucumber genomes. Mapping of the SSRs in the different maps led to the cross-identification of seven linkage groups in all melon maps. In addition, nine SSRs were common to both melon and cucumber maps. The potential of SSR markers as anchor points for melon-map merging and for comparative mapping with cucumber was demonstrated.Key words: microsatellites, Cucumis melo, melon, Cucumis sativus, cucumber, comparative mapping.

Abstract In this work, we refine the results of Sendov and Shan [New representation theorems for completely monotone and Bernstein functions with convexity properties on their measures, J. Theor. Probab. 28 (2015), 1689–1725] on subordinators obtained by the class of Bernstein functions stable by the Mellin-Euler differential operator I − x d d x I-x\tfrac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x} by giving a stochastic interpretation, proving monotonicity properties of the related distributions and providing additional extensions.

The MADS-box gene family encodes a type of transcription factor, and plays a key role in the growth and development of plants. Here, we identified 62 MADS-box genes in the melon (Cucumis melo) genome using bioinformatics methods. These genes were divided into type I Mα, Mγ, and Mδ subfamilies (26 members) and type II MIKCC subfamilies (36 members) by phylogenetic analysis. There were no genes in type II AGL12, BS, TM8, and MIKC* subfamilies, and type I Mβ subfamilies. Conserved motif analysis showed that all motifs had a subfamily-specific distribution except the M domain. The expression analysis of the MADS-box genes showed different expression characteristics. In summary, this study is the first to identify melon MADS-box genes and analyze their gene structures, subfamily distribution, and expression characteristics. These results provide a foundation for investigating the functions of the melon MADS-box genes.

To determine the optimal parameters of machines for isolating the seed mass of vegetable and melon crops, a modeling method is presented, which is based on the nonlinear canonical decomposition of a random vector. A block diagram of the procedure for calculating the parameters of the canonical expansion is presented. The method of mathematical modeling was tested in the study of the technological process of separating melon seeds on an experimental installation. Mathematical models of the third order for purity and loss of seeds are presented, describing the technological process of separation for melon seeds.

Abstract The method of brackets, developed in the context of evaluation of integrals coming from Feynman diagrams, is a procedure to evaluate definite integrals over the half-line. This method consists of a small number of operational rules devoted to convert the integral into a bracket series. A second small set of rules evaluates this bracket series and produces the result as a regular series. The work presented here combines this method with the classical Mellin transform to extend the class of integrands where the method of brackets can be applied. A selected number of examples are used to illustrate this procedure.

The quantitative distribution of volatile compounds in the different oriental melon varieties and in the different parts of oriental melon was investigated. Volatile compounds were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-four compounds were identified including 33 esters, 3 thioesters, 7 aldehydes, 8 alcohols, 1 acid, 1 ketone and 1 phenol, among which esters were found to be the major constituents in ripe oriental melon. The results showed that ethyl acetate, sulfur-containing esters and compounds containing a straight nine-carbon chain were present at high concentrations in oriental melons, particularly acetic acid phenylmethyl ester. The majority of ester compounds of oriental melon decreased and the aldehyde compounds increased after storage at -20 °C and the distribution of volatiles was also found to be different in the umbilicus, middle and pedicel of an oriental melon Qitian 1 according to their carbon chain length and quantity.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of parents and experimental hybrids of net melon improvement program developed in the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), in Jaboticabal, São Paulo state, Brazil. Six net melon lineages (Jab-3, Jab-7, Jab-11, Jab-18, Jab-9, and Jab-20), belonging to the breeding program of melon from the UNESP were used and all their hybrid combinations as well as their reciprocal crosses. We used the randomized blocks design, with three replications and 38 treatments. From these 38 treatments [six lines, 15 hybrids, 15 reciprocal crosses and two commercial cultivars (Bônus nº2 and Louis)] we evaluated following physicochemical characteristics: fruit mass, pulp thickness, fruit coat thickness, netting degree of the coat, seed looseness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, maturation index, pulp firmness, and Vitamin C. The minimum mass of 0.8 kg per fruit of net melon and the minimum of 10°Brix soluble solids allowed to identify the genotypes: Jab-9 x Jab-3, Jab-18 x Jab-20, Jab-18 x Jab-11, Jab-7 x Jab-20, Jab-7 x Jab-11, Jab-20 x Jab-7, and, Jab-3 x Jab-20, as promising. These genotypes are therefore suitable for participating in assessment tests in the main net melon producing areas of Brazil and on different planting dates.

We obtained 61 rhizobacterium isolates from rhizosphere soil samples collected in melon commercial fields located in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. These isolates, along with 56 endophytic bacteria from the Collection of Cultures of the Plant Bacteriology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, were tested for controlling Meloidogyne incognita race 2 in melon. To infest the soil with nematodes, 1000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita race 2 per plant were placed in pots where seedlings of the yellow-type melon, cultivar AF 682, were growing for 10 days. Two days before, 20 mL of bacterial suspension (0.7 OD570nm) were poured into each pot. After 60 days, fresh root biomass, gall index, egg mass, and the nematode reproduction factor were assessed. Among the 117 isolates screened, the endophytic Bacillus ENM7, ENM10, and ENM51 were selected because they significantly reduced egg mass and/or gall index. However, when tested again, separately and in mixtures, these isolates nor confirmed their efficiency in vivo, neither affected juvenile emergence in vitro. These results give evidence on the inconsistency of using endophytic-bacteria in the control of M. incognita race 2 in melon.

The species of Limnocoris of the tropical Andes of South America are revised, including the descriptions of eight new species: L. chrysosetosus n. sp. from Ecuador; L. elongatus n. sp. and L. emboliatus n. sp. from Colombia; L. molanoi n. sp. from Colombia and Ecuador; L. luisae n. sp. from Colombia and Venezuela; L. longirostris n. sp. from Venezuela; L. nieseri n. sp. from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama; and L. reynosoi n. sp. from Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Further, supplemental descriptions are provided for the previously described species. The following taxa are resurrected from synonymy and their species status are restored: Limnocoris peruvianus Melin stat. restit. from synonymy with L. pectoralis Montandon, and L. stali Montandon stat. restit. from synonymy with L. borellii Montandon. The following synonymies are proposed, with junior synonyms in brackets: L. borellii Montandon [L. horvathi Montandon n. syn.], L. dubiosus Montandon [L. aymarana Poisson n. syn.], L. malkini La Rivers [L. pulchellus n. syn.], L. obscurus Montandon [L. trilobatus Nieser, González, & Eichelkraut, n. syn.], L. ochraceus Montandon [L. maculatus De Carlo n. syn.], L. pallescens (Stål) [L. bergrothi Montandon n. syn.], L. pectoralis Montandon [L. rivalis Melin n. syn.], L. peruvianus Melin [L. calii Nieser, González & Eichelkraut n. syn.] and L. stali Montandon [L. robustus Roback & Nieser n. syn., L. carcharus La Rivers n. syn.]. Lectotypes are designated for five species: L. aymarana, L. bergrothi, L. borellii, L. dubiosus, and L. stali. An illustrated taxonomic key and distribution maps also are presented.

A map of melon (Cucumis melo L.) with 411 markers (234 RFLPs, 94 AFLPs, 47 RAPDs, 29 SSRs, five inter-SSRs, and two isozymes) and one morphological trait (carpel number) was constructed using the F2 progeny of a cross between the Korean accession PI161375 and the Spanish melon type 'Pinyonet Piel de Sapo'. RFLPs were obtained using 212 probes from different genomic and cDNA melon libraries, including 16 Arabidopsis ESTs, 13 Cucumis known genes, and three resistant gene homologues. Most loci (391) mapped to 12 major linkage groups, spanning a total genetic distance of 1197 cM, with an average map interval of 3 cM/marker. The remaining 21 loci (six RAPDs and 15 AFLPs) were not linked. A majority (66%) of the markers were codominant (RFLPs, SSRs, and isozymes), making them easily transferable to other melon crosses. Such markers can be used as a reference, to merge other melon and cucumber maps already constructed. Indeed, some of them (23 SSRs, 14 RFLPs, one isozyme, and one morphological trait) could act as anchor points with other published cucurbit maps.Key words: Cucumis melo, genetic map, molecular markers, RFLPs, SSRs.

Bakgrund                                                                                                                                               År 2009 producerade ICA ett flertal reklamfilmer i kampanjen ”Vi kan mer” som syftade till att utmana fördomar kring personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Reklamfilmerna startade en livlig debatt på Internet och väckte både frågor kring produktionernas syfte och etik. Syfte                                                                                                                                    Studiens ambition har varit att undersöka hur bloggare och bloggkommentatorer uppfattat de tre första reklamfilmerna i kampanjen. Syftet var också att utröna huruvida filmerna har genererat några konsekvenser för bilden av personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Metod                                                                                                     Studien har till största del baserats på en kvalitativ metod, då syftet har varit att nå förståelse snarare än att försöka nå statistiskt säkerställda resultat. Kritisk diskursanalys användes för att analysera studiens material som bestod av cirka 80 blogginlägg med tillhörande kommentarer. Resultat                                                                                                                                  Studien konkluderar att reklamfilmerna har uppfattats på många olika sätt när det kommer till syfte och etik. Resultatet indikerar även att reklamfilmerna kan ses både reproducera och utmana fördomar gentemot funktionsnedsatta.Företagets initiativ har inte uppnått sitt fulla syfte, men filmerna har inneburit ett viktigt första steg mot normalisering för denna grupp i samhället.
Background                                                                                                                                     In 2009 ICA, one of Sweden’s largest food store chain, produced a series of commercials in a campaign which aimed to challenge prejudices about mental disability. The commercials started a lively online debate, and raised questions regarding both the purpose and ethics of these productions. Purpose                                                                                                                                              The ambition of this study was to examine how the people that participated in the online debate perceived ICA’s three first commercials in the campaign. The aim was also to analyze whether they have generated any consequences for the perception of mental disability. Method                                                                                                                                                   A largely qualitative approach have been used, since the aim has been to reach deeper understanding rather than statistically ensured results. Critical discourse analysis was used to analyze the study’s data which consisted of about 80 blog posts with related comments. Results                                                                                                                                                The study concludes that the commercials have been perceived in many different ways when it comes to purpose and ethics. The results also indicate that ICA’s advertisement both reproduce and challenge existing prejudices towards people with mental disabilities. The company’s initiative has not fulfilled its full purpose, but it constitutes an important first step to reach normalization for this group of society.

A number of methods for the analysis of free amino acids in melon fruit have been evaluated experimentally. Analysis of their tBDMS derivatives by GC (gas chromatography) was found to be the most suitable for the mix of free amino acid found in the melon matrix. It affords good yields of amino acid derivatives with excellent gas chromatographic properties and characteristic mass spectra. The single-step derivatization procedure is highly reproducible and allows simultaneous analysis of asparagine and glutamine together with their corresponding acids. Changes in amino acids, sugars, the principal acids, volatiles and minerals in the free form were studied in the fruit mesocarp during development, ripening and storage of the fruits. Sucrose was the principal sugar, absent in young fruit but showing a dramatic increase during ripening while the levels of fructose and glucose remained constant during the whole course of fruit growth or slightly decreased during ripening and storage. The quantitative determination of 22 free amino acids was achieved by GC analysis using the method developed. Total aroma volatiles were determined using a headspace-gas chromatographic technique. They increased and reached a maximum value just before fruit full slip. Most of the esters characteristic of melon aroma were absent in young fruit but developed at the ripening stage. Changes in the quantities of mineral nutrients present in the fruits were determined by ICP-AES analysis. The concentrations of most elements increased thoughout the fruit development except for Ca which decreased markedly and Cu which decreased during early growth then fluctuated around lower values later in the development stage. All of the above changes can be related to the metabolic activity during fruit growth and maturation. Statistical analysis showed changes in TV, TSS, TS, pH, some free amino acids and some minerals were strongly correlated.
Master of Science (Hons)

Dans un premier temps, nous décrivons le complexe des solutions du transformé de Mellin algébrique d'un D-module M en fonction des solutions de M. Pour cela, nous définissons un foncteur de transformation de Mellin faisceautique. Nous montrons alors que le transformé de Mellin du complexe des solutions à décroissance rapide en 0 et à l'infini d'un D-module holonome régulier M est quasi-isomorphe au complexe des solutions du transformé de Mellin algébrique de M, l'hypothèse de régularité n'étant plus nécessaire à une variable.
Dans un second temps, nous faisons un travail analogue avec la transformation de Mellin inverse : les résultats sont plus partiels. Nous définissons une transformation de Mellin inverse faisceautique. Nous démontrons alors qu'il existe des morphismes naturels reliant le complexe des solutions du transformé de Mellin inverse algébrique d'un module aux différences avec le transformé de Mellin inverse faisceautique du complexe des solutions à croissance au plus exponentielle d'ordre 1 à l'infini dans des bandes verticales. Nous montrons ensuite que dans le cas d'un module aux différences à une variable et à une seule pente strictement positive, ces morphismes sont des isomorphismes.

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Um dos fatores que mais contribuem para o encarecimento da produção do meloeiro é o custo com fertilizantes. Assim, para a otimização das doses a serem aplicadas visando a máxima produtividade econômica, faz-se necessário conhecer as demandas nutricionais da cultura, bem como as quantidades exigidas dos nutrientes em fases fenológicas chaves. No presente trabalho objetivou-se determinar a marcha de acumulação de macro e de micronutrientes e o balanço nutricional do meloeiro cultivado sob fertirrigação. O experimento foi realizado em área pertencente à Empresa Ecofértil Agropecuária LTDA localizada no município de Aracati (CE). O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados com 9 tratamentos, correspondentes a 9 períodos de avaliação 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 dias após transplantio (DAT) com quatro repetições. A parcela útil para fins de coleta foi constituída de 8 plantas tornando-se as quatro centrais de cada fileira. Em intervalos de sete em sete dias, as plantas foram coletadas e separadas em folha, caule, fruto e semente para fins da determinação de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, B, Zn e Cu, para a quantificação dos totais acumulados destes nutrientes. Na ocasião da coleta de planta, uma amostra de solo foi coletada em cada parcela para a determinação dos nutrientes. De acordo com os resultados, o acúmulo de massa seca nas partes reprodutivas foi maior que nas partes vegetativas, sendo os frutos os órgãos de maior acúmulo de massa seca. Já a marcha de acúmulo de nutrientes seguiu a seguinte ordem: K>Ca>N>Mg>P>S>Fe>Cu>B>Zn>Mn. Os valores do balanço nutricional foram negativos para o potássio, nitrogênio e cobre, sendo recomendado ajuste na fertirrigação em relação a esses nutrientes.
One of the factors that contribute the most to the increase in melon production is the cost of fertilizers. Thus, to optimize the doses to be applied aiming at maximum economic productivity, it is necessary to know the nutritional demands of the crop, as well as the required quantities of the nutrients in key phenological phases. The objective of this study was to determine the progression of macro and micronutrients accumulation and the nutritional balance of the melon cultivated under fertirrigation. The experiment was carried out in an area belonging to the Company Ecofértil Agropecuária Ltda located in the city of Aracati (CE). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 9 treatments, corresponding to 9 evaluation periods 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70 days after transplanting (DAT) with four replications. The useful part for the purpose of collection was constituted of 8 plants becoming the four centers of each row. At intervals of seven days, the plants were collected and separated into leaf, stem, fruit and seed for the determination of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, B, Zn and Cu, for The quantification of accumulated totals of these nutrients. At the time of plant collection, a soil sample was collected in each plot to determine the nutrients. According to the results, the accumulation of dry mass in the reproductive parts was higher than in the vegetative parts, the fruits being the organs with the highest accumulation of dry mass. However, the nutrient accumulation progressed in the following order: K> Ca> N> Mg> P> S> Fe> Cu> B> Zn> Mn. The values of the nutritional balance were negative for potassium, nitrogen and copper, being recommended adjustment in fertirrigation in relation to these nutrients.

Le sujet de cette thèse est l'étude des produits d'opérateurs de Toeplitz, aussi bien ceux définis sur l'espace de Hardy du cercle unité que ceux définis sur l'espace de Bergman du disque unité. Les deux questions soulevées dans mon travail sont les suivantes :
1) Sous quelles conditions le produit de deux opérateurs de Toeplitz est-il un opérateur de Toeplitz?
2) Sous quelles conditions le produits de deux opérateurs de Toeplitz est-il commutatif?
Pour chacune de ces deux questions, nous commençons par rappeler les travaux antérieurs avec tout ce qu'ils nécessitent comme outils techniques, puis nous exposerons notre contribution dans ce domaine. Notamment, nous donnons des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour que le produit de deux opérateurs de Toeplitz quasihomogènes soit encore un opérateurs de Toeplitz. De plus, nous caractérisons les opérateurs de Toeplitz bornés qui commutent avec un opérateur de Toeplitz quasihomogène. Pour motiver cette caractérisation, nous introduisons une nouvelle notion à savoir la T-racine d'un opérateur de Toeplitz quasihomogène. Cette notion, nous permet de donner une construction effective d'opérateurs de Toeplitz non triviaux dont toutes les puissances sont des opérateurs de Toeplitz.

Nous traitons deux problèmes liés aux séries de Dirichlet. Nous étudions d'abord le prolongement analytique d'une certaine classe de séries de Dirichlet à deux variables : g(s_1,s_2,a,r)=∑ (d≥1) r(d)a(d)^{-s_1}d^{-s_2}, où a(d) est une fonction multiplicative strictement positive et r(d) est une fonction multiplicative. Nous démontrons, sous certaines hypothèses, un théorème général qui permet d'approcher cette série de Dirichlet par une série connue, modulo une autre série pour laquelle nous obtenons des majorations très précises. Nous utilisons ensuite cet outil pour obtenir des résultats quantitatifs sur la distribution des valeurs de fonctions arithmétiques. Sous certaines hypothèses sur les fonctions a(d) et r(d), nous déterminons la limite lorsque X tend vers l'infini de X^{-1}∑ (d≤X, a(d)≤z) r(d) (0

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

Industrialized food production appeared in 1856, pioneered by Borden in the US, Liebig in Germany, Nestlé in Switzerland, and Mellin in the UK. Their products differed remarkably and deviated from human and cow’s milk while physicians discussed the importance of minute variations in protein, fat, or carbohydrates. Proprietary formulas were free of bacteria, and the companies prospered from mass production, international marketing, and aggressive advertising. From 1932 onwards, medical societies restricted advertising to the laity. In 1939, Williams in Singapore and in 1970, Jelliffe in Jamaica suspected that commercial formula may increase infant mortality in the Third World. Breastfeeding continued to decline during the early 20th century, falling below 10% in 1970 in the US. The Swiss ‘Third World Group’ and the US ‘Infant Formula Action Coalition’ linked infant mortality and industry marketing in the Third World. The controversy of 1970–1984 led to the World Health Organization Code, which regulated the advertising and marketing of baby food. This was one of several public health statements contributing to the resurgence of breastfeeding.

Only sparse experimental pediatric tissue tolerance data are available for the development of pediatric surrogates and associated injury reference values. The objective of this study is to improve the efficacy of the CRABI series anthropometric test devices by increasing the foundational data used for head injury and skull fracture. To accomplish this, this study evaluated and refined the CRABI-6 injury assessment reference values (IARV) associated with skull fracture by correlating the test device response with the detailed fracture results of 50 infant cadaver drop studies reported by Weber in 1984 and 1985. Using the CRABI-6 test device, four 82-cm height free fall impacts were performed onto each of four different impact surfaces: concrete, carpet, 2-cm foam mat, and an 8-cm thick camel hair blanket. Average and standard deviation of peak head linear acceleration and HIC36 (Head Injury Criteria) were computed for each impact surface. The average CRABI impact response was mapped to the Weber fracture outcomes for corresponding impact surfaces and logistic regression was performed to define a skull fracture risk curve based on exposure. The 5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 95% risk for skull fracture correlated with a CRABI-6 peak linear head acceleration of 50, 70, 82, 94, and 114 g’s and a HIC36 of 87, 214, 290, 366 and 493, respectively. This study made use of the most extensive set of controlled infant cadaver head impact and fracture data currently available. Previous head IARVs for the CRABI-6 are given by Melvin (1995) and by Klinich et al. (2002). Based on a review of pediatric tissue experiments, scaling of adult and child dummy IARVs, and sled tests, Melvin suggested a HIC22 of 390 and a limit on peak head acceleration of 50 g’s. Klinich et al. reported the results of three reconstructions of airbag-related infant head injuries and three additional reconstructions not associated with head injury. They estimated the 50% risk of minor skull fracture to be 85 g’s and 220 HIC15. These previously reported estimates appear to be in agreement with the results reported from this study for CRABI-6 IARV of 50% risk of skull fracture at 82 g’s and 290 HIC36.

Some our studies of urban morphology, implemented on historical and contemporary urban fabric maps, allow us to believe that the shape of the lot and of band of pertinence of a pathway are essential to reading the formative urban process. Different phases of formative process of an urban center seems, in fact, to be recognizable in the of shape of lot and interaction between lots and path. These morphological shapes (lots) are the result of different centrality that are produced in the building fabric and, consequently, the restructuring pathways are important for understanding rules and causes of urban and architectural transformation of the city. This paper aims to offer a contribution to the definition of the elements of urban morphology. This research, part of a series of research, carried out in the Lab. Lettura e Progetto dell’Architettura of the Faculty of Roma (Sapienza), tries to be implemented in some case studies: Murcia and San Mateu. References Merlin P. (1988) Morphologie urbaine at parcellaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifiques, Saint Denis. Larkham P.J., Conzen M.P.,(ed) (2014) Shapers of Urban Form. Explorations in Morphological agency, Routledge, London. Strappa G, Carlotti P., Camiz A. (2016), Urban Morphology an Historical Fabrics. Contemporary design of small town in Latium, Gangemi editore, Roma

Introdução: Devido a variados fatores globais, há a possibilidade de escassez de alimentos e desnutrição humana em poucos anos. Para tanto, surgem alimentos alternativos nutritivos, de fáceis cultivo e criação, além de serem facilmente encontrados na natureza: algas, larvas e insetos, que já são consumidos em vários países. Objetivo: Verificar a viabilidade de consumo de alimentos alternativos no futuro, na falta dos atuais alimentos convencionais. Material e métodos: A pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, onde foram contemplados artigos científicos, disponíveis nas bases de dados virtuais em saúde: PubMed, MEDLIN e Google acadêmico, publicados entre os anos 2014 a 2021. A seleção dos artigos se deu por meio da utilização dos DeCS: “algas comestíveis”, “dieta de larvas de farinha”, “consumo de larvas e insetos”, “espirulina”, “insetos comestíveis” “alimentos do futuro” e “alimentos alternativos”, os mesmos termos em inglês e foram excluídos artigos que não consideravam o enfoque temático. Resultados: Diversas pesquisas indicam que o consumo dos alimentos tais como algas, larvas e insetos são consideravelmente aceitos, além de serem fontes de alto teor proteico, quantidade significativa de lipídios, vitaminas, minerais e fibras, necessários para a manutenção da vida humana e prevenção da desnutrição populacional. Nos testes realizados, demonstraram rápido crescimento no cultivo, podendo ser produzidos em larga escala (na aquicultura e em laboratórios próprios) ou facilmente encontrados na natureza. Conclusão: Os denominados alimentos do futuro ainda possuem resistência ao consumo por pequena parte da população mundial, mas já são amplamente consumidos em diversos países. Terão maior aceitabilidade futuramente, devido à provável carência de alimentos.