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Journal articles on the topic 'Maturation and Spawning'
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1
Weir, Laura K., Jeffrey A. Hutchings, Ian A. Fleming, and Sigurd Einum. "Spawning behaviour and success of mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr of farmed and wild origin." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 5 (2005): 1153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-032.
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We examined genetic differences in the reproduction of an alternative maturation phenotype in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by comparing the spawning behaviour and success among farmed, first-generation hybrid, and wild mature male parr raised in similar environments. Parr competed for spawning opportunities in the presence of either wild or farmed large males. There were no consistent differences among groups in aggression; however, there were differences in spawning participation with respect to large male origin and among parr types. There was a strong negative temporal effect on mature male parr spawning participation that differed by parr type; wild and farmed parr were most likely to participate in early spawnings, with hybrids being the most likely to participate in late spawnings. Overall, parr were also less likely to participate in spawnings involving large farmed males. Variance in reproductive success was higher among parr than among large males. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that there are genetically based behavioural differences among mature male parr of farmed and wild origin that may potentially lead to differences in reproductive success.
2
Williams, James R., and Russell C. Babcock. "Comparison of multiple techniques to evaluate reproductive variability in a marine bivalve: application to the scallop Pecten novaezelandiae." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 5 (2004): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03200.
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Reproduction and spawning of the scallop Pecten novaezelandiae were monitored at four sites in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, from July 2000 to July 2001. A visual grading system based on the macroscopic appearance of the gonad was developed and tested, and changes in visual grade, quantitative histology, and standardised gonad mass were used to describe seasonal and spatial patterns in gametogenesis and spawning. Visual grade was significantly correlated with histological and gonad mass data (r 2 = 0.74–0.87) and validated as an accurate method for measuring reproduction in P. novaezelandiae. Visual grading facilitates rapid assessment of reproductive condition and can be conducted non-destructively, thus providing a tool allowing long-term studies of individual spawning behavior in relation to environmental signals. Scallops exhibited episodic spawning, with spawning events detected in spring, summer, autumn, and even early winter. Gonad recovery and subsequent gamete development and maturation were apparent between spawnings. Within-season variability in gonad size and condition could be the result of multiple (serial) spawnings during a season. The timing of spawning varied among populations, probably reflecting differences in environmental conditions that influenced reproduction. However, the largest spawning events occurred at all sites in early summer (December/January), coincident with wind-driven upwelling conditions.
3
Carscadden, J., B. S. Nakashima, and K. T. Frank. "Effects of fish length and temperature on the timing of peak spawning in capelin (Mallotus villosus)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 4 (1997): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f96-331.
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Some characteristics of Newfoundland capelin (Mallotus villosus) changed during 1991-1994. Peak spawning times were later than most years in the 1980s and fish were smaller. These changes occurred during a period of below-normal sea temperatures. We tested the effects of sea temperatures during maturation and mean size of mature fish on peak spawning times using regression analysis and found significant negative relationships for both independent variables. Results of a stepwise regression showed that fish length and sea temperature during maturation were equally important and together explained about 80% of the spawning time variation. We suggest that maturation and migration are closely linked to seasonal warming and the zooplankton cycle. Given the high spawning mortality of capelin, it seems that this linkage favours maximum gonad production rather than adult survival. Knowledge of spring water temperatures would permit some prediction of capelin spawning time. However, the data series for mean length used in this analysis is not useful for predicting spawning time.
4
Rajasilta, Marjut. "Relationship between Food, Fat, Sexual Maturation, and Spawning Time of Baltic Herring (Clupea harengus membras) in the Archipelago Sea." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 4 (1992): 644–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-073.
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The effect of nutritional status on gonad maturation and timing of spawning was examined in the Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) in the Archipelago Sea. Fish were collected from overwintering areas in December and from the spawning grounds in May–July. Muscle fat content, amount of mesenteric fat, and condition factor were used as indicators of nutritional status of fish. In winter, fish were highly variable with substantial individual variation in nutritional status, gonad stage, gonad weight, and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Gonad weight was related to fat content, suggesting a close relationship with fish nutritional status and maturation rate. Spawning fish were separable into early and late spawners according to fat content, gonad weight, and GSI but not according to length. The spawning shoals consisted of mixtures of fish of all sizes. I concluded that in the study area, individual maturation cycles vary and timing of spawning is primarily determined by the feeding conditions prior to spawning.
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Ware, D. M., and R. W. Tanasichuk. "Biological Basis of Maturation and Spawning Waves in Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 10 (1989): 1776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-225.
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Maturation rates (measured as the change in the gonosomatic index (GSI) with time) over the last month of the annual maturation cycle were estimated for male and female herring in British Columbia, between 1982–87. The data were analyzed to determine interannual and interregional differences in the maturation rate and its influence on spawning time. The data also indicated that in some areas herring spawned in discrete waves — the largest fish tended to spawn first and the smaller fish in subsequent waves. Each spawning wave lasted about 5–6 d and the interwave interval varied from 8–26 d in the Strait of Georgia. General equations were developed to describe gonadal growth over the entire maturation cycle. These equations accounted for the observed differences in: (1) the maturation rates between the sexes (males initially mature faster), (2) the interregional and interannual variation in the timing of spawning (herring tend to spawn later at higher latitudes, and earlier than normal when its warmer), and (3) provide an explanation for spawning waves. All of these phenomena derive from the fact that the instantaneous rate at which the gonad grows during the maturation cycle in both sexes depends on the weight of the fish, and the daily sea temperature.
6
Damme, Cindy J. G. van, Mark Dickey-Collas, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp, and Olav S. Kjesbu. "Fecundity, atresia, and spawning strategies of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 12 (2009): 2130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-153.
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Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus ) have contrasting spawning strategies, with apparently genetically similar fish “choosing” different spawning seasons, different egg sizes, and different spawning areas. In the North Sea, both autumn- and winter-spawning herring share the same summer feeding area but have different spawning areas. Females of both spawning types start their oocyte development in April–May. Oocyte development is influenced by the body energy content; during the maturation cycle, fecundity is down-regulated through atresia in relation to the actual body condition. Hence, fecundity estimates must account for the relative time of sampling. The down-regulation over the whole maturation period is approximately 20% in autumn- and 50% in winter-spawning herring. The development of the oocytes is the same for both spawning strategies until autumn when autumn spawners spawn a larger number of small eggs. In winter spawners, oocyte development and down-regulation of fecundity continues, resulting in larger eggs and lower number spawned. In theory, autumn and winter spawners could therefore switch spawning strategies, indicating a high level of reproductive plasticity.
7
Davison, Raziel J., and William H. Satterthwaite. "Life history effects on hatchery contributions to ocean harvest and natural-area spawning." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 10 (2017): 1575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0457.
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Hatcheries can support salmon fisheries but also impact natural populations. We model the proportional hatchery contributions to ocean catch, natural-area spawning, and egg production based on hatchery production, maturation, fecundity, and straying. We develop indices of hatchery-origin catch per stray spawner measuring the trade-off between supplementing harvest and limiting natural-area impacts; higher values indicate success in increasing hatchery ocean harvest contributions relative to strays spawning in natural areas. Hatchery fish maturing early lowers catch per stray (and proportion hatchery-origin catch) by shifting the age distributions of both catch and spawners toward younger ages. Age-dependent fecundity may complicate predicted effects of changing maturation schedules. Increased straying does not affect catch but increases hatchery-origin spawning and decreases catch per stray. Differences in hatchery production affect hatchery contributions to both catch and spawning, exacerbating the trade-off between these conflicting goals but with no net effect on catch per stray. Fishery intensity magnifies the effects of accelerated hatchery fish maturation by reducing spawning contributions of older fish, with contrasting effects depending on whether hatchery fish mature early versus late.
8
Beverton, Raymond J. H., Arvid Hylen, Ole-Johan Østvedt, John Alvsvaag, and Terence C. Iles. "Growth, maturation, and longevity of maturation cohorts of Norwegian spring-spawning herring." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 2 (2004): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.01.001.
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Abstract In 1907, the Bergen Institute of Marine Research started regular sampling of scales and lengths from landings of mature Norwegian spring-spawning herring. The actual age of each fish when caught was recorded, and from the early 1920s also the age at which it spawned for the first time. The present analyses concern biological samples secured during the fishing seasons 1940–1964. Herring in this stock do not all reach maturity at the same age. A small proportion of any one year class matures at 3 years. The majority matures from the age of 4–7 years, and a small proportion of some year classes at 8 and even 9 years of age. Subsequent age composition and growth of each maturation cohort were followed throughout mature life after spawning for the first time. The maximum age was found to increase with age at maturation, rising to an asymptote of about 22 years. The von Bertalanffy parameter L∞ shows an increasing trend with age at maturation, while K decreases. There is no strict length threshold at maturation and the curve joining the length at which each maturation cohort reaches maturity is less steep than the growth curve itself over the range of maturation ages. The data suggest that fish in this stock spawn, on average, eight times during a period of their life history in which the mortality rate is independent of age. After these eight spawnings, at an age referred to in this paper as the hinge age, the mortality rate increases sharply. Thus, the adult life is divided into two phases, called here pre-senescent and senescent. The total mortality rates in the pre-senescent phase are relatively stable for all maturation cohorts 3–9, but there is some evidence of a trend towards higher mortality rates during the senescent phase for the youngest maturing fish. This trend is caused mainly by a reduced natural mortality in the fish that mature when older. These findings have interesting demographic implications. Additional mortality due to fishing will change the relative contribution of young and old maturation cohorts in the senescent phase, thus making it appear that natural mortality is dependent on the intensity of fishing. Consequently, for stock assessment, analysis on a cohort basis seems advisable.
9
Nikandrov, V. Ya, N. I. Shindavina, A. A. Zinchenko, and J. N. Lukina. "REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF THE RAINBOW TROUT <i>ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS</i> AND FEATURES OF ITS MANIFESTATION." Problems of Fisheries 25, no. 2 (2024): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/0234-2774-2024-25-2-105-110.
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The paper deals with reproduction potential features (including seasonal occurrence and frequency of female maturation during the year) of rainbow trout under fish farming. Several hypotheses explaining biannual spawning phenomenon are discussed; farming conditions (i.e. photoperiod duration and temperature) and long-term selection for early maturation are among of them. On the basis of fish sexual cycle evolution analysis, the authors suggest that the significant potential of genetic variability of rainbow trout reproductive features and genetic determination of some individuals to its appearance can be viewed as the reason of biannual spawning. Uncovering of theoretical backgrounds of multiple maturation of rainbow trout during the year can serve as a basis for practical use of biannual spawning phenomenon in fish farming.
10
Shinozaki-Mendes, RA, J. Santander-Neto, JRF Silva, and FHV Hazin. "Gonad maturation of Haemulon plumieri (Teleostei: Haemulidae) in Ceará state, Northeastern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 2 (2013): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000200019.
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To elucidate the reproductive cycle of any animal, it is first necessary to understand the development of the germ cells and how this process occurs throughout the reproductive tract. Thus, the aim of the present study was to understand the oogenesis and spermatogenesis, as well as the ovarian and testis maturation and type of spawning, of Haemulon plumieri. A total of 119 females and 136 males were analysed. Based on micro and macroscopic characteristics of gonads, the following stages of maturation for females were determined: immature, maturing, ripe, partially spawning, spawning and resting. For males, only the stages immature, maturing, ripe and spent were observed. We can conclude that the ovarian development occurs cyclically, in which the female can spawn more than two times during the reproductive season with the spawning “synchronous in more than two groups”. Since males do not present the “rest” stage after copulation, the maturation process is continuous.
11
Laruelle, F., J. Guillou, and Y. M. Paulet. "Reproductive pattern of the clams, Ruditapes decussatus and R. philippinarum on intertidal flats in Brittany." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74, no. 2 (1994): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400039382.
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Since the introduction of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Mollusca: Bivalvia) to aquaculture clam beds, this species has spread to several sites. As a result, an extensive fishery has developed around this species. Its reproductive cycle and that of a native clam species, Ruditapes decussatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from two Brittany sites are examined here and the seasonal variations in the condition index, the scale of maturation stages, the histology and the oocyte size-frequencies of both species are compared. The differences observed between the species and between sites were attributed to environmental conditions. Ruditapes philippinarum showed a more extended breeding period and a greater number of spawning events than R. decussatus. In the Morbihan Gulf, the reproductive activity of R. philippinarum appeared particularly great in terms of number of spawning events, and speed of maturation. For both species, synchronism was more apparent during the first maturation, while spawning, and particularly partial spawning, tended to decrease the level of synchronization.
12
Yoneda, Michio, Masayuki Yamamoto, Tetsuo Yamada, Makoto Takahashi, and Yasuhiro Shima. "Temperature-induced variation in sexual maturation of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 6 (2015): 1271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000405.
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Temperature is one of the most influential factors for the sexual maturation of fishes, but understanding of the extent to which temperature affects the maturational schedules is limited in multiple-spawning fishes over a protracted season. This study examined the effect of temperature on sexual maturation of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus siblings under high and low temperature regimes on different birthdates. The maturation probability differed between the two temperature regimes. Specimens in high temperature regimes matured at much smaller size and younger age than their counterparts. Also, a significant difference in the maturation probability between sexes was found at low temperatures, but not at high temperatures. Our findings show that temperature affects the maturational schedules of siblings of Japanese anchovy, suggesting that the size and age at sexual maturation could differ among cohorts, even in a given sampling location and/or year.
13
McPherson, GR. "Reproductive biology of yellowfin tuna in the eastern Australian Fishing Zone, with special reference to the north-western Coral Sea." Marine and Freshwater Research 42, no. 5 (1991): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9910465.
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Developmental stages of oocyte maturation and degenerative stages of postovulatory follicles in yellowfin tuna from the eastern Australian Fishing Zone of the Coral Sea are described. The time of spawning of yellowfin appeared to be during the late evening and early morning. Final oocyte maturation occurred in less than 24 h; postovulatory follicles could not be identified in ovaries after 24 h. Spawning of yellowfin commenced in the north-western Coral Sea by October and had ceased in the central-western Coral Sea by late February. The duration of spawning appeared to be less protracted in the south-western Coral Sea. The average spawning frequency of female yellowfin in the western Coral Sea was once every 1.54 days. Significant differences in spawning frequency were found between different size classes of yellowfin; larger fish spawned more frequently. The spawning stock of yellowfin in the north-western and central-western Coral Sea could be the major source of recruits for the tuna fisheries off the eastern coast of Australia.
14
Hay, D. E. "Reproductive Biology of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, S1 (1985): s111—s126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-267.
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Most British Columbia herring begin sexual maturation in the late summer and become sexually mature in the subsequent March or April. As they mature, most stocks migrate from summer feeding grounds to overwintering areas and then to shallow nearshore spawning areas. Also, newly recruited, sexually maturing fish join the adult spawning stocks, either on the summer or winter grounds. These events occur in an unpredictable environment. Consequently, reproduction in Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) may be viewed as a biological problem of maintaining synchrony and precision: specifically the synchronous maturation of (1) males and females and (2) the recruit spawners with the adult fish that have spawned in previous years. Biological precision is required to ensure that gametes are released at the correct place at the correct time. Further precision is required to achieve an appropriate balance between egg number and egg size, and then to control the density of eggs deposited on the bottom. The annual temperature regime is a vital regulator of these processes. Generally, the warmer the temperature, or lower the latitude, the earlier the maturation and spawning time. There are some notable exceptions that indicate local adaptation to other environmental cues. Also, experimental work indicates that food supply can affect the maturation rate. Intensities of egg depositions are generally similar among Pacific North American stocks, and indeed for many documented herring spawnings from Asian and European stocks. It has been shown that eggs in the middle of very thick spawns have lower survival so there is a selective advantage for biological mechanisms that ensure more even and lighter egg densities. This paper suggests that egg density in Pacific herring is controlled by a biological feedback mechanism involving milt concentration and hydrographic factors. Earlier spawners tend to be larger and there is a positive relationship between female size and egg size, a tendency consistent with other herring stocks and species. Size-adjusted fecundity, when compared among different regions and years, is strikingly uniform within British Columbia. On a broad geographic scale (California to Alaska), size-specific fecundity declines with latitude. Recent experimental work reveals that total egg number is higher at early stages of maturation and decreases as spawning time approaches. Presumably, this decrease reflects selective resorption of some developing oocytes, and probably occurs in response to available body energy. The duration and geographical variation in spawning time is relevant to questions concerning the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships between Pacific herring and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus). Other aspects of reproductive biology have important management implications, particularly for (1) predicting recruitment, (2) deriving stock estimates from spawn surveys, and (3) managing fisheries.
15
Duinker, Arne, Liv Håland, Peter Hovgaard, and Stein Mortensen. "Gonad development and spawning in one and two year old mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Western Norway." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 7 (2008): 1465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408002130.
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Sexual maturation and spawning was followed in one and two year old rope cultured mussels (Mytilus edulis) from April to December. Development of gonad and storage tissue was followed using descriptive categories from histology, and development of total soft tissue was followed using meat yield and condition index.Both age groups were mature both during spring and autumn and had similar patterns of spawning and maturation. April and May were characterized by scattered spawning activity and accumulation of storage reserves at the same time, resulting in relative constant condition indices during this period. This was followed by ripening of the gonads and an increase in condition index that culminated in a spawning in late June. Parts of the population then entered a resting phase, while a part of the population underwent new maturation towards an autumn spawning in September. In December all the mussels had started the winter maturation.Condition index and meat yield were higher throughout the season in the one year old mussels. This was probably due to the sum of several factors, including differences in specific feeding rates and biomass density, rather than spawning.The present study is the first to compare the reproductive patterns over time of one and two year old mussels with reliable age determination, and provide information that there are no obvious differences in neither timing of gonad development nor spawning patterns between the age-classes.
16
Payuta, A. A., and E. A. Flerova. "Dynamics of indices of metabolism in muscle tissue, liver and gonads of Abramis brama in different periods of the annual cycle." Biosystems Diversity 28, no. 2 (2020): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012020.
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The aim of this research was to study the dynamics of metabolism in the body of bream Abramis brama (L.) at different periods of the annual cycle: pre-spawning, spawning, post-spawning and feeding. The object of the study was 55 male and 53 female bream aged 9–13 years, to reduce the effect of age on the studied parameters. Individuals were measured, weighed, gender was determined, gonad maturity stage, age; the condition factor and organ indices were calculated. The content of moisture, dry matter, lipids, proteins, ash and nitrogen-free extracts (NFE) in the muscles, liver and gonads of male and female bream have been analyzed. The lowest coefficients of condition factor were found in bream during the autumn feeding season, the highest in males during spawning, in females before and after spawning. In the muscle tissue of male and female bream the content of metabolic products in the feeding period and before spawning differed slightly. In the spawning period, the muscles of males exceeded the muscle tissue of females in lipid content by more than two times. In the annual cycle of the bream, the ovaries contain more protein than the testes. The bream of different sex revealed differences in the intensity of metabolic processes during the maturation of gonads: in males, energy costs are more pronounced after wintering before spawning, while in females, during spawning. The main energy reserve in the form of lipids in the annual cycle changes more significantly in the body of male bream than in females. Ovarian maturation requires more metabolite reserves than maturation of the testes, however, males have increased expenditure associated with reproductive behaviour during spawning. Therefore, the total energy contribution to reproduction may be the same for female and for male bream. Bream’s liver and muscle tissue can serve as a source of energy during food shortages and during spawning. In the annual cycle, the condition factor of bream increases due to an increase in the moisture content in the muscles.
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Bradford, Rodney G. "Role of spawning condition in the determination of the reproductive traits of spring- and autumn-spawning Atlantic herring from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 2 (1993): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-043.
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Mature spring-spawning (May–June) and autumn-spawning (August–September) herring differ in total weight. Autumn herring have both heavier gonads and higher somatic weights at length. Both the residual levels of storage lipids and somatic weight at length, corrected for storage lipid, are higher in autumn than in spring. Within spawning seasons, males and females deplete the same amount of storage energy. Percent somatic lipid content is positively correlated with body size during spring but shows no relationship to body size in autumn. These patterns indicate that the relative allocation of storage energy to reproduction differs with spawning season. Spring spawners (lengthy gonad maturation period) allocate proportionally more storage energy to routine and active metabolism than autumn spawners (brief gonad maturation period). The low intercept and steep slope of the gonad weight – length relationship for spring spawners reflect the interaction between decreasing metabolic rate with body size and increasing storage energy capacity with body size. Egg weight is unrelated to the parent's somatic lipid content for either spawning group. Spawning history (recruit versus repeat spawning) has only a minor influence on egg weight.
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Amagai, Takafumi, Daisuke Izumida, Ryosuke Murata, and Kiyoshi Soyano. "Male Pheromones Induce Ovulation in Female Honeycomb Groupers (Epinephelus merra): A Comprehensive Study of Spawning Aggregation Behavior and Ovarian Development." Cells 11, no. 3 (2022): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030484.
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This study characterizes the spawning phenomena of the honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra), which is a lunar-synchronized spawner that spawns a few days after full moon. To elucidate the aggregation characteristics of wild honeycomb groupers, the numbers of males and females at the spawning grounds were counted before and after the full moon. Approximately 20 males were consistently observed at the spawning grounds throughout the study period. Females appeared several days after full moon and rapidly increased in number, peaking four days after full moon (41 individuals). The maturation status of the females aggregating at the spawning grounds was investigated. The gonadosomatic index increased rapidly three days after full moon, and ovulation was confirmed. Individuals with ovulatory eggs were present for three days, after which the number of females at the spawning grounds decreased. Additionally, the role of males in final oocyte maturation (FOM) and ovulation in females during the spawning phase was investigated in captivity. FOM was induced in females reared in water with mature males, suggesting that male pheromones in the water induced FOM via activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. This suggests that spawning at the natural spawning grounds was the result of male–female interactions via pheromones.
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Younis, Elsayed M., Nasser A. Al-Asgah, Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith, Mohamed H. Gabr, and Fozi S. Shamlol. "Analysis of reproductive biology and spawning season of the pink ear emperor Lethrinus lentjan, from marine ecosystem." Zoologia 37 (May 11, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e48475.
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A total of 593 samples of Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepede, 1802) were collected from the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to study their productive biology and spawning season of the local population. Sampling was carried out on a monthly basis for a period of one year. The monthly sex ratios indicated that females were dominant throughout the study period, with an overall male:female sex ratio of 1:7.98, although males were larger than females. The highest monthly performance maturation index (PMI), as well as the male and female gonadosomatic index (GSI) and ovarian maturation rate (OMR) were observed in February and March. Histological examination of the gonads confirmed the process of sexual transformation in this fish species, wherein individuals mature first as female, and then change sex to male (protogynous hermaphroditism). Histological sections also showed that the sexual maturation of males of L. lenjtan comprised three main stages, while the sexual development of females could be classified into four main stages. Extended spawning in the form of batches released during different months throughout the year were recorded for this fish species, with the main spawning season in February and March, and an additional, shorter spawning season in September.
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Dhewantara, Yudha Lestira, Armen Nainggolan, Yarto, and Epram. "MATURATION AND OVULATION INDUCTION IN COMET FISH Carassius auratus auratus OUTSIDE THE SPAWNING SEASON." Jurnal Ilmiah Satya Negara Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2025): 98–107. https://doi.org/10.59408/jisni.v2i2.8.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the administration of Oodev® hormone and turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) on gonadal maturation and to assess the effectiveness of Spawnprim hormone for ovulation and spawning to support the production of comet fish (Carassius auratus auratus), particularly outside the spawning season. The maturation doses of the test substances mixed into the feed were as follows: Treatment 1: Commercial feed (without test substance); Treatment 2: Oodev 0.25 mL kg⁻¹ fish; Treatment 3: Oodev 0.5 mL kg⁻¹ fish; Treatment 4: Turmeric powder 250 mg 100 g⁻¹ feed + Oodev 0.5 mL kg⁻¹ fish; Treatment 5: Turmeric powder 250 mg 100 g⁻¹ feed. Meanwhile, for ovulation induction, the injections were administered as follows: Treatment 1: Spawnprime 0.5 mL kg⁻¹ broodstock; Treatment 2: Spawnprime 1 mL kg⁻¹ broodstock; Treatment 3: Ovaprim 0.5 mL kg⁻¹ broodstock; Treatment 4: 0.9% NaCl solution 0.5 mL kg⁻¹ broodstock. The optimal dose for stimulating gonadal maturation until the broodstock was ready to spawn reached 30% of the population within 40 days outside the spawning season. Spawnprime can serve as a substitute for Ovaprim, as it demonstrated a 100% ovulation success rate and spawning outcomes comparable to those of Ovaprim.
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Younis, Elsayed M., Nasser A. Al-Asgah, Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith, Mohamed H. Gabr, and Fozi S. Shamlol. "Analysis of reproductive biology and spawning season of the pink ear emperor Lethrinus lentjan, from marine ecosystem." Zoologia 37 (May 11, 2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e48475.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 593 samples of Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepede, 1802) were collected from the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to study their productive biology and spawning season of the local population. Sampling was carried out on a monthly basis for a period of one year. The monthly sex ratios indicated that females were dominant throughout the study period, with an overall male:female sex ratio of 1:7.98, although males were larger than females. The highest monthly performance maturation index (PMI), as well as the male and female gonadosomatic index (GSI) and ovarian maturation rate (OMR) were observed in February and March. Histological examination of the gonads confirmed the process of sexual transformation in this fish species, wherein individuals mature first as female, and then change sex to male (protogynous hermaphroditism). Histological sections also showed that the sexual maturation of males of L. lenjtan comprised three main stages, while the sexual development of females could be classified into four main stages. Extended spawning in the form of batches released during different months throughout the year were recorded for this fish species, with the main spawning season in February and March, and an additional, shorter spawning season in September.
22
Varela, M. L., M. F. Ferreira, R. H. Da Cuña, F. L. Lo Nostro, G. Genovese, and F. J. Meijide. "Dynamics of ovarian maturation throughout the reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid fishCichlasomadimerus(Teleostei, Cichliformes)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 7 (2017): 485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0198.
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In this study, we analyzed gene expression profiles, plasma steroids concentrations, and gonadal morphology throughout the reproductive cycle of female Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840), a monogamous cichlid fish exhibiting social hierarchies. Fish were analyzed at six phases encompassing their annual cycle, namely resting (during the nonreproductive period), prespawning, 30 h post spawning, 4 days post spawning, 10 days post spawning, and subordinate (during the reproductive period). The histological and histomorphometric analysis showed that C. dimerus exhibits asynchronous ovarian development. Similar to resting females, subordinate females showed low gonadosomatic index, reduced expression levels of vitellogenin (vtgAb), zona pellucida (zpB), gonadal aromatase (cyp19a1A), and low concentrations of plasma sex steroids, thus indicating that social intimidation by dominant conspecifics elicited reproductive arrest. In reproductively active females, a direct positive correlation between plasma estradiol, vtgAb expression, percentage of late vitellogenic oocytes, and gonadosomatic index was observed. These parameters were maximal at the prespawning phase, decreased at 30 h post spawning and 4 days post spawning, and then reached a peak at 10 days post spawning. Our results indicate that female C. dimerus become spawning capable after 10 days post spawning, coincidently with the shortest time interval between successive spawns recorded in captivity.
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Pacey, A. A., and M. G. Bentley. "THE FATTY ACID 8,11,14-EICOSATRIENOIC ACID INDUCES SPAWNING IN THE MALE LUGWORM ARENICOLA MARINA." Journal of Experimental Biology 173, no. 1 (1992): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.173.1.165.
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Spawning of the lugworm Arenicola marina (L.) (Annelida: Polychaeta) occurs in both sexes following the release of a sex-specific maturation hormone from the prostomium. In males this has been termed sperm maturation factor (SMF). Chromatographic purification of SMF, using an in vitro bioassay, has led to it being putatively identified as the 20- carbon fatty acid 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid and this paper describes the induction of spawning in vivo by injection of 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid into sexually mature individuals. It is shown that spawning in male A. marina occurs following the injection of prostomial homogenate or 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid into the coelomic cavity of sexually mature specimens. The injection of 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid into the coelomic cavity of females does not cause spawning although it can be induced by a hormone present in the prostomium. There are, therefore, clear sex-specific differences in the chemical signal that causes spawning in this species. Sex-specific differences in the behaviour of spawning animals are also described. The study identifies a role for the fatty acid 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid in the spawning of male A. marina. This is the first description of a hormone in the annelids, for which both the chemical structure and the endocrine role are known.
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C. A., TSEVENDA,, ANNUNE, P. A., OLUFEAGBA, S. O., Odo, J. I., and Gbaaondo, T. "MATURATION AND HISTOLOGY OF THE GONADS OF THREE SELECTED FISH SPECIES OF LOWER RIVER BENUE, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA." International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 09, no. 04 (2024): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35410/ijaeb.2024.5921.
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The macroscopic and microscopic maturation and histology of the gonads of the three fish species; comprising 189 Hydrocynus forskahlii from Abinsi and 214 from Wadata station, 372 Citharinus citharus from Abinsi and 366 from Wadata, 384 and 363 Mormyrus rume from Abinsi and Wadata, respectively, were caught using gill and cast nets. The specimens were collected fortnightly from fishermen of Lower River Benue, between April 2019 and March 2020. The process of oogenesis and spermatogenesis were studied by macroscopic and microscopic observations, and also utilising histological preparations of ovaries and testes belonging to different gonad maturation stages. The data obtained from this study were subjected to descriptive statistics. The macroscopic and microscopic observations of the fishes gonads corresponded with the method described by Brown-Peterson et al. (2011). There were presences of oocytes at different phases of development indicating the fishes to have prolonged and fractional spawning season, spawning more than once during the spawning season. The histological features corresponding with reproductive cycles and the spawning periods, and the spawning capable phase occurred mostly between May-August. The brooders may be captured during their spawning periods and stocked for aquaculture, or the eggs collected and incubated in the laboratory.
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Arula, Timo, Heli Shpilev, Tiit Raid, and Elor Sepp. "Thermal conditions and age structure determine the spawning regularities and condition of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) in the NE of the Baltic Sea." PeerJ 7 (July 22, 2019): e7345. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7345.
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Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) is a total spawner with a group-synchronous ovarian organization. Age polymodality in total spawners is considered an important factor in assuring that a strong population is sustainable under an intensive harvesting regime and different climatic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the seasonal and inter-annual variation in spawner age structure and the effect of preceding winter thermal conditions on the start of the herring spawning and larvae retention period. Herring spawning season in the Gulf of Riga starts up to six weeks later after colder winters compared to milder winters. Significantly older individuals dominated at the beginning of the spawning season, and thus herring mean age gradually decreased towards the end of the spawning season from 1999–2015. On an annual scale, this pattern was obvious after cold winters, while after mild winters the pattern did not continue, indicating a more homogenous maturation cycle and spawning period, despite the age and size of the herring population in mild winters. Further, herring condition factor was studied in relation to age and spawning season following different winter thermal conditions. Young, 2- and 3- year old first-spawning herring experienced significantly lower conditions after cold winters compared to older ages, indicating an age-dependent effect of preceding winter on herring maturation cycle, condition and spawning time.
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Chiba, Kazuyoshi. "Oocyte Maturation in Starfish." Cells 9, no. 2 (2020): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020476.
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Oocyte maturation is a process that occurs in the ovaries, where an immature oocyte resumes meiosis to attain competence for normal fertilization after ovulation/spawning. In starfish, the hormone 1-methyladenine binds to an unidentified receptor on the plasma membrane of oocytes, inducing a conformational change in the heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein α-subunit (Gα), so that the α-subunit binds GTP in exchange of GDP on the plasma membrane. The GTP-binding protein βγ-subunit (Gβγ) is released from Gα, and the released Gβγ activates phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), followed by the target of rapamycin kinase complex2 (TORC2) and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1)-dependent phosphorylation of serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) of ovarian oocytes. Thereafter, SGK activates Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) to increase the intracellular pH (pHi) from ~6.7 to ~6.9. Moreover, SGK phosphorylates Cdc25 and Myt1, thereby inducing the de-phosphorylation and activation of cyclin B–Cdk1, causing germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Both pHi increase and GVBD are required for spindle assembly at metaphase I, followed by MI arrest at pHi 6.9 until spawning. Due to MI arrest or SGK-dependent pHi control, spawned oocytes can be fertilized normally
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Aufi, Layla A., Abdul-Razak M. M. Mohammed, and Basim M. Jasim. "Reproduction of the bleak, Alburnus mossulensis in the southern reaches of Euphrates River, Iraq." Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture 19, no. 2 (2023): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/ijaq.v19i2.414.
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Samples of Alburnus mossulensis were collected from the south part of Euphrates River, Chybaish, Iraq from November 2013 to October 2014 using electro fishing. The spawning period started in February according to GSI values and histological examination for gonads during spawning season. The results of histological examinations revealed that this species has a short spawning season and female ovaries contained different maturing stages of ova, and the maturation started from the post part of gonads according to the space noticed at the middle part of the ovary. Histological examination proved that testes also contain different maturation stages. Blood vessel penetrate lobules with few spermatocytes at the posterior part of the testes whereas the anterior part less mature with disappearing of spermatocytes.
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Mlingi, Frank Thomas, Erik Burgerhout, Maren Mommens, et al. "Reproductive performance of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus, L. 1758) females: Effects of integrated photoperiod and temperature manipulations on sexual maturation and spawning." PLOS ONE 19, no. 10 (2024): e0311735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311735.
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A successful control of sexual maturation is crucial for year-round production of lumpfish juveniles destined as cleaner fish in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. This study investigated the combined effects of photoperiod and temperature manipulations on sexual maturation and spawning in lumpfish females. Lumpfish juveniles were exposed to simulated natural and nine-month compressed annual photoperiods, with subsequent temperature elevation. Body weight (BW), condition factor (K), gonadosomatic index (GSI), ovarian development, plasma levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and spawning were assessed. Compressing the natural photoperiod caused a clear increase and decrease in GSI, T, 11-KT and E2 towards and during the spawning period. Before the temperature elevation, GSI, T, 11-KT, E2 and ovarian development were advanced in the compressed photoperiod. After the temperature elevation, GSI, T, 11-KT and E2 fluctuated more in the compressed photoperiod, while in the natural photoperiod, E2 declined, and GSI, T and 11-KT increased. Spawning was advanced by 1 month in the compressed photoperiod compared to the natural photoperiod. Temperature elevation led to higher levels, earlier peaks and declines of T, 11-KT or E2 in both photoperiods, and advanced spawning by 1.5 months in the compressed photoperiod compared to the natural photoperiod. Temperature elevation also led to increased ovulation recruitment and increased cumulative weight of spawned eggs in the natural photoperiod. Compressing the natural photoperiod and elevating temperature can thus advance sexual maturation and spawning in lumpfish females. Due to the lower amounts of spawned egg weights in the high temperature compressed photoperiod, further studies on effects of photoperiod and timing of temperature manipulations on spawning, fecundity and egg quality could optimize the photothermal manipulations on lumpfish broodstock.
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Appeldoorn, Richard S. "Size at Maturation, Spawning Variability and Fecundity in the Queen Conch, Aliger gigas." Gulf and Caribbean Research 31 (2020): GCFI10—GCFI19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/gcr.3101.11.
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The queen conch (Aliger gigas) resource is one of the most important in the Caribbean. While aspects of queen conch reproduction have been studied, e.g., size—at—maturity, spawning season, and density—based Allee effects, there is little information on other important aspects. From 210 lipped queen conch collected off southwest Puerto Rico, histological examination of gonads showed that 50% maturation occurred at 9 mm lip thickness. Experimental caged queen conch held on a natural spawning ground were monitored across the spawning season to evaluate fecundity and its variability across individuals and between nominal density treatments (2,000 vs 143 conch/ha). Near daily monitoring identified all egg masses to specific females, and all egg masses were retained to calculate the number of eggs. Conch in the low—density treatment produced more and larger egg masses over a longer spawning season than those in the high—density treatment. Within each density treatment, individual fecundity varied by a factor of 6. The maximum fecundity estimated was 22 million, the maximum number of egg masses spawned was 25, and the largest single egg mass contained 1.48 million eggs. Variability in fecundity was largely driven by length of the individual spawning season, but this may in turn have been dependent on the degree of maturation of females at the start of the spawning season. These results emphasize the importance of allowing queen conch to mature and further grow in lip thickness to ensure sufficient spawning to sustain reproductive capacity. This experimental approach could be used to assess variations in fecundity based on size (length, biomass) and age (lip thickness).
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Varkentin, Alexander I. "Seasonal dynamics of gonads maturity and indices of body condition for walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the northern part of the Okhotsk Sea." Izvestiya TINRO 180, no. 1 (2015): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2015-180-77-92.
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Seasonal dynamics of gonad maturity and body condition indices (liver weight, hepato-somatic index, weight-size ratio) is analyzed for walleye pollock in the northern Okhotsk Sea. Its spawning season is rather long both for the whole population and any spawning ground, e.g. at West Kamchatka the fish with melting gonads is observed from December to September and probably later, but the mass spawning continues about one month - in March-April, on average. After the spawning, a new annual biological cycle begins from the period of gonad recuperation (stages of gonad maturity VI and VI-II) that continues 2-3 months followed by the period of gonad maturation from the stage III to the next spawning. The portion of the pollock females and males with the stage III is the highest in August-September, and with the stage IV - in March, before the mass spawning. In the northern Okhotsk Sea, the dynamics of maturing is similar, with the lag of 2-3 weeks. However, the gonad maturing depends on thermal conditions: they develop faster in «warm» years than in «cold» ones. Besides, big fish begin to spawn earlier than small ones spawning in the first time. Males usually stay on the spawning grounds longer than females. Body condition of walleye pollock is influenced by the process of gonad maturation. Energy potential of its individuals forms until August-September, and begins to decrease when gonads transform from the stage III to the stage IV. Later the indices of body condition continue to decrease till spawning in March-April, and melting individuals and postspawners have the lowest values. After the spawning, the indices begin to grow again because of active feeding.
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Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd, David Righton, Maria Krüger-Johnsen, et al. "Thermal dynamics of ovarian maturation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 4 (2010): 605–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-011.
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The timing and success of spawning in marine fish are of fundamental importance to population persistence and distribution and, for commercial species, sustainability. Their physiological processes of reproduction are regulated, in part, by water temperature, and therefore changes in marine climate may have dramatic effects on spawning performance. Using adult Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) as a case study, we examined the links between water temperature, body size, vitellogenesis, and spawning time by conducting extensive laboratory and field studies. Our experiments documented that vitellogenesis generally starts at autumnal equinox and that oocyte growth and investment are greater in cod held at warmer temperatures. Furthermore, spawning occurred earlier when oocyte growth was more rapid. Large females spawned earlier than smaller females at warmer temperatures, but this effect vanished at colder temperatures. The experimental results were confirmed by measurements of oocyte growth collected from wild-caught cod in northern (Barents Sea) and southern (Irish Sea and North Sea) populations. The established, general model of oocyte maturation was consistent with published egg production curves of cod from these waters, considering relevant in situ temperatures recorded by individual data-storage tags on cod. These findings have considerable relevance for future studies of fish recruitment in relation to climate change.
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Andrade, Áthila Bertoncini, Leonardo Francisco Machado, Maurício Hostim-Silva, and João Pedro Barreiros. "Reproductive biology of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 46, no. 3 (2003): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132003000300009.
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Investigations were carried out about the reproductive biology of the dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) a serranid protogynous hermaphrodite fish inhabitant of rocky bottoms from shallow waters up to 200 m depth. Samples were caught in the islands that form Arvoredo Biological Marine Reserve (SC - Brazil) and the coastal islands near Florianópolis region from March 1998 to May 2000. Data from samples of juvenile groupers on intertidal pools were used to link their occurrence in the pools to the post-spawning season. To describe the histological changes on gonads along the reproductive cycle and to establish maturation scales, 109 groupers were histologically tested for sex determination. First maturation size was determined for females (L50=470 mm; r²=0.99). The results of calculated gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indexes, showed that maturation occurred along the spring months and the spawning activity during the summer with a peak in December. Liver recovery (HSI elevation) was evident in the autumn, was the post spawning season. The relationship between length and weight was W = 9 · 10-6 · TL3.1149 (r²=0.998; n=246).
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Henderson-Arzapalo, Anne, and Robert L. Colura. "Laboratory Maturation and Induced Spawning of Striped Bass." Progressive Fish-Culturist 49, no. 1 (1987): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1987)49<60:lmaiso>2.0.co;2.
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IZUMIDA, DAISUKE. "I-2. Mechanism of final maturation and spawning." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 80, no. 6 (2014): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.80.991.
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Budi, Darmawan Setia, Buyung Raga Ardiyan, Dani Bagus Rahmawan, Josie South, Arif Habib Fasya, and Akhmad Taufiq Mukti. "Gonadal Maturation and Spawning of Barred Loach (Nemacheilus fasciatus) Induced by Topical Gill Hormone Application." Jurnal Medik Veteriner 7, no. 1 (2024): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol7.iss1.2024.123-133.
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Barred loach Nemacheilus fasciatus are unable to reproduce naturally in captivity due to the lack of environmental cues and gonadal maturation occurs slower than in the wild. To optimize breeding procedures for this fish species, we determined whether hormone application via the gills was an effective process and assessed hormone dosage treatments. Oodev™ was used to induce gonadal maturation and Ovaprim™ was used to induce spawning via a topical gill approach. Multiple maturation parameters such as gonadal-somatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI), fecundity, and egg diameter; and spawning parameters such as latency period, egg produce, fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), survival rate (SR) were recorded and compared between the hormone dosage treatments and control treatment. Both the Oodev™ gonadal maturation induction and Ovaprim™ spawning induction were effectively applied to barred loach via topical gill application. Gonadal maturation parameters were positively correlated with dosage and all were significantly different. Fry survival rate was not different between doses. The optimal dose of Oodev™ (0.75 µL/g fish) resulted in male GSI of 5.334 ± 0.320%, female GSI of 15.501 ± 0.675%, male HSI of 0.416 ± 0.023%, female HSI of 1.670 ± 0.104%, egg fecundity 4584.20 ± 493.216 eggs, egg diameter 0.964 ± 0.0151 mm. Ovaprim™ optimal dosage (3.00 µL/g female and 1.50 µL/g male) was resulted latency period 11.05 ± 0.52 hours, egg produced 3504.83 ± 358.57, FR 96.77 ± 0.88%, HR 83.62 ± 3.78%, and SR 91.44 ± 2.53%.
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Waiwood, K. G., and M. I. Buzeta. "Reproductive Biology of Southwest Scotian Shelf Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, S1 (1989): s153—s170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-286.
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Information on the reproductive biology of Southwest Scotian Shelf haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) (NAFO Division 4X) is presented including geographic distribution by maturation stage, timing of maturation, seasonal changes in gonad weight, spawning distribution in relation to environmental factors, and fecundity at length, weight, and age. Haddock were found to spawn on Browns, Baccaro, LaHave, and Roseway Banks over sand/gravel substrates. Spawning fish were found in a narrower and colder temperature range than were fish of other maturity stages. Spawning fish were found from April to August with peak activity occurring from April to June. Testes peaked in weight in February and March when they accounted for 1–2.2% of body weight while ovaries reached their maximum size (3.1–12.5% of body weight) from late March to mid-May. The length at 50% maturity varied over the period 1970–85 and these changes were correlated with changes in population biomass. There were no significant differences in fecundity/length relationships with area or year (1983–86) but fecundity for a given size decreased over the spawning season.
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MAGNOTTI, Caio Cesar, Filipe dos Santos CIPRIANO, Fabiola Santiago PEDROTTI, and Vinicius Ronzani CERQUEIRA. "ADVANCES IN REPRODUCTION OF THE LEBRANCHE MULLET Mugil liza: MATURATION AND SPAWNING OF F1 BREEDERS IN CAPTIVITY." Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 46, no. 3 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2020.46.3.586.
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This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive response of mullets born in captivity (F1) using hormonal induction. Therefore, it was described maturation and induced spawning of mullet (Mugil liza) breeders born in captivity (F1). F1 males presented viable sperm at 11 months of age, with length of 25.7 ± 0.4 cm and weight of 205.7 ± 11.5 g. In contrast, at three years of age F1 females could be reproduced, with length of 47.4 ± 1.4 cm and weight of 1263.0 ± 64.6 g. Ten spawnings were conducted, and the average diameter of the oocytes at the time of hormonal induction, fertilization rate, total and relative fertility and hatching rate were recorded. Spawning was attained through hormonal induction in females with oocyte diameter greater than 600 µm and in males that released semen with abdominal massage. During this reproductive period, induced females produced a second group of mature oocytes so another hormonal induction was performed. The present study describes the induction of mullet breeders born in captivity and the possibility of females to be induced more than once during the same reproductive period.
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Karlsen, Ø., B. Norberg, O. S. Kjesbu, and G. L. Taranger. "Effects of photoperiod and exercise on growth, liver size, and age at puberty in farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 2 (2006): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.10.013.
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Abstract Sexual maturation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) results in loss of appetite and weight during spawning, leads to increased production time required to reach desired harvest size, and results in greater mortality and reduced food conversion efficiency. Thus, methods to stop or delay maturation are urgently needed. In the present study, the effect of continuous light (LL) treatment on maturation was tested in combination with different exercise levels in seawater tanks compared with controls under natural light. LL treatment in lightproof tanks arrested gonadal development for at least 8 months. Exercising Atlantic cod by forcing them to swim with 0, 0.5, or 1 body length per second from the summer solstice had no effect on incidence of maturation either under natural light or under LL. Growth was enhanced in the LL groups compared with the NL groups, mainly as a result of the weight loss of the NL groups during spawning.
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Brasfield, Sandra M., Gerald R. Tetreault, Mark E. McMaster, Jim Bennett, and Kelly R. Munkittrick. "Seasonal patterns of gonad size, liver size, and in vitro gonadal steroidogenic capacity in slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus)." Water Quality Research Journal 48, no. 3 (2013): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2013.048.
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The objective of this study was to characterize the reproductive seasonality of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), a small-bodied, benthic spring spawning species. Sculpin are unique compared with other temperate fish species because they have a reproductive pattern where gonadal maturation occurs over winter in northern areas of its distribution. Previous studies have involved pre-spawning sampling (early spring in North America) and post-spawning sampling (early fall in North America). However, seasonal changes in gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and in vitro gonadal production of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in females and T and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in males have not been characterized. Following a summer quiescent period, female sculpin showed an increase in gonadal hormone production during the fall, which was associated with increases in gonad and liver sizes, however males experienced a much shorter resting phase following spawning in May. Elevated production of both T and 11-KT appears to both signal the initiation of gonadal growth in September and contribute to gonadal maturation over the winter. This study is important because it is the first characterization of the seasonal reproductive pattern in sculpin and it describes the patterns of gonad development and seasonal changes in condition and liver size in this species as it prepares for spawning.
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Bhat, Sabreena, Anayitullah Chesti, Mansoor Rather, et al. "Effect of Temperature on Maturation, Spawning and Pigmentation of Xiphophorus helleri (Swordtail)." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28, no. 5 (2025): 1074–81. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i52367.
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This study assessed the impact of varying water temperatures on spawning, maturation, and pigmentation in Xiphophorus helleri (swordtail) over a period of sixty days. Four temperature treatments were set up at 21°C (T0), 24°C (T1), 27°C (T2), and 30°C (T3), with ten fish per tank using a 25-litre aquarium. Continuous aeration and thermostatic control maintained stable conditions. The daily water exchange ensured cleanliness by removing leftover feed and excreta. Among the treatments, 27°C (T2) showed the best reproductive performance. This temperature yielded the highest Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) for females (9.60±0.009) and males (7.83±0.008), as well as Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) values (1.47±0.008 for females). T2 also had the best spawning rate (21.85±2.10) and fry production (30.00±0.816), along with the most advanced oocyte maturation stages (vitellogenic oocytes). In terms of skin pigmentation, carotenoid levels were also highest at 27°C (2.92±0.170), with the best survival rate observed at 95.00% for this treatment, though survival differences across treatments were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The current study affirmed that temperature is a pivotal factor in regulating spawning, maturation, and the enhancement of pigmentation in swordtails.
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Zheng, W., C. Strobeck, and N. Stacey. "The steroid pheromone 4-pregnen-17,20ss-diol-3-one increases fertility and paternity in goldfish." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 22 (1997): 2833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.22.2833.
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Previous studies in goldfish (Carassius auratus) showed that the oocyte maturation-inducing steroid 4-pregnen-17,20ss-diol-3-one (17,20ssP) functions after release as a pheromone that increases male serum gonadotropin II (GtH II) concentration, milt (sperm and seminal fluid) volume and sexual activity, effects hypothesized to increase male reproductive success in the sperm competition of multi-male spawnings. The present study tested this hypothesis by determining whether overnight exposure to 17,20ssP increases fertility. In pair spawnings, 17,20ssP-exposed males fertilized a greater percentage of eggs than did control males, apparently because 17,20ssP-exposed males had more releasable sperm at the onset of spawning. Microsatellite DNA paternity analysis showed that 17,20ssP-exposed males also fertilized more eggs in competitive spawnings involving one control male and one 17,20ssP-exposed male. This effect of 17,20ssP on competitive fertility could be due to demonstrated increases in spawning activity, milt volume, duration of sperm motility and proportion of motile sperm. However, it appears that a change in sperm quality is a major component of the pheromonal effect because, in competitive in vitro fertilizations, sperm from 17,20ssP-exposed males fertilized more eggs than did sperm from control males. The results indicate that the response to pheromonal 17,20ssP is a major determinant of reproductive success in male goldfish.
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Junquera, S., E. Román, J. Morgan, M. Sainza, and G. Ramilo. "Time scale of ovarian maturation in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Walbaum)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, no. 4 (2003): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00073-0.
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Abstract Evidence for a prolonged ovarian development phase in Greenland halibut is presented. The reproductive cycle in this species was originally described based on the assumption that this phase should last about one year. The results of the present study, which involves data series covering a long time period and different geographic areas, show instead that there is more than one year between the mean age of the females that are at the onset of ovarian development and the mean age of the females that are actually spawning. There are two possible interpretations for this observation. One is that the ovarian development phase (vitellogenesis) could last more than one year and thus as a consequence, individual spawning would not necessarily occur on an annual basis. The other would be the existence of a high proportion of non-spawning females every year for other reasons not related with the natural rhythm of oocyte development.
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Chellappa, S., JTAX Lima, A. Araújo, and NT Chellappa. "Ovarian development and spawning of Serra Spanish mackerel in coastal waters of Northeastern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 2 (2010): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010005000012.
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The Serra Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus brasiliensis is an important fishery resource of the Atlantic Ocean and is a major component of artisanal fisheries in northern and northeastern Brazil. Ovarian development and spawning period of S. brasiliensis were investigated using both macroscopic and histological techniques. Mean monthly values of GSI and ovarian maturation indicate that the main spawning period occurs during the rainy season.
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Fulga, N. I., I. K. Toderash, D. E. Bulat, and D. E. Bulat. "MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GONAD OF THE GABLE-ROLL NEOGOBIUS MELANOSTOMUS (PALLAS, 1814) OF THE LOWER NISTRY DURING THE SPAWN." EurasianUnionScientists 3, no. 2(71) (2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.3.71.589.
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The results of studies of the reproductive system of sexually mature females of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) from the Lower Dniester during the spawning season are presented. The age of sexual maturation and the timing of spawning of fish in the conditions of this basin are determined. Asynchrony in the development of germ cells has been identified, which provides four-time spawning during the entire breeding season of fish. Throughout the entire reproductive cycle, larger females with greater body weight and gonad mass are the first to spawn.
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Taibov, Pirmurad Sultanmuradovich, Nuria Abdrakhimovna Kanieva, Vitaliy Victorovich Barabanov, and Natalia Victorovna Kozlova. "Morphophysiological and biochemical studies of Caspian atherina (Atherina boyeri caspia Risso, 1810)." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2023, no. 3 (2023): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2023-3-82-89.
Full textAbstract:
The article highlights physiological and biochemical parameters of atherina (Atherina boyeri caspia Risso, 1810) in the Middle Caspian Sea at various stages of the annual cycle. The state of the fish organism was studied in the period from February to October 2022, which characterized the pre-spawning, spawning and feeding periods. The size-weight and age parameters of atherina were determined. The concentration of the main reserve substances of the fish body - total lipids and water-soluble protein – was analyzed in the muscles of the atherina. In the pre-spawning period and at the beginning of spawning of females, the level of morphological changes in the gonads was studied. There were no found significant differences in the content of total lipids and water-soluble protein in the muscles of males and females. Patterns of changes in the amount of muscle water-soluble proteins and total lipids were recorded in the entire sample of the Caspian atherina during the pre-spawning period and at the beginning of spawning. This is typical for portioned spawning fish, in which the energy expenditure of the body is directed to the formation, maturation of gonads, the removal of sexual products and the maturation of the next portions during the spawning period. In September-October, that is, already at the stage of feeding, a multidirectional character in lipid and protein metabolism was noted in the body of atherina. According to the results of histological examination, the beginning of spawning in atherina was noted in April. Mature oocytes with resorption at an average level of 30-31% were recorded in the ovaries of portioned spawning atherina in February-April, which characterized the adaptive mechanisms of the organism in the conditions of this habitat. In September, there was a significantly positive (p < 0.05) statistical correlation between the concentration of total muscle lipids and the mass of fish (r = +0.47), which characterized a positive energy balance in the body, so necessary for the next stages of life.
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Duarte, Silvana, Francisco Gerson Araújo, Armando Sales, and Nilo Bazzoli. "Morphology of gonads, maturity and spawning season of Loricariichthys spixii (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) in a Subtropical Reservoir." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 50, no. 6 (2007): 1019–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132007000700013.
Full textAbstract:
The gonad morphology and spawning season of Loricariichthys spixii in Lajes reservoir were described based on 175 males and 613 females. Cells from the spermatogenic lineage were divided in four phases: spermatogonia (primary and secondary), spermatocytes (primary and secondary), spermatids and spermatozoa, and the cells from the ovocitarian lineage were divided in four phases: primary oocytes (O1), previtellogenic oocytes (O2), cortical vesicle oocytes (O3) and yolk globules or vitellogenic (O4). Five gonadal stages were described for the males/females according to oocytes and spermatogenic lineage cells distribution: resting (1); initial maturation (2a); advanced maturation (2b); partially spent/spawned (4a); totally spent/spawned (4b). Spawning was iteroparous, occurring throughout the year. Resting/recover occurred in July/August for the females coinciding with lower temperature and rainfall and decreasing water level. The wide spawning period was the part of the strategy developed to withstand environmental pressure and to get success in this oligotrophic and poorly structured environment.
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Schuetz, Allen W. "Extrafollicular mediation of oocyte maturation by radial nerve factor in starfish Pisaster ochraceus." Zygote 8, no. 4 (2000): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400001155.
Full textAbstract:
In starfish ovaries follicle cells that envelop each oocyte are thought to mediate the production of a maturation inducing substance (MIS), identified as 1-methyladenine, that induces maturation and spawning of oocytes after exposure to a gonadotropic substance secreted by the radial nerve (RNF). Studies were carried out to assess the possible role of extrafollicular cells within the ovarian wall in mediating this signal transduction process in the ovary of Pisaster ochraceus. Oocyte maturation and spawning occurred following the addition of RNF to intact ovarian tissue in vitro whereas no maturation occurred following the addition of RNF to germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes or GV oocytes surrounded by follicle cells. In contrast, oocyte maturation occurred when small ovarian wall fragments, lacking mature follicles, were incubated with GV oocytes and RNF. Neither actinomycin D nor cycloheximide altered RNF induction of oocyte maturation in the presence of the ovarian wall tissue whereas preheating (boiling water for 5 min) the tissue obliterated its response to RNF. Non-ovarian tissues failed to produce MIS in response to RNF. Results suggest that ovarian components other than the follicle cells that envelop fully grown immature oocyte are responsive to RNF and represent a significant and previously unrecognised intra-ovarian source of MIS.
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Rachek, E. I., D. Y. Amvrosov, and V. A. Svidersky. "Assessment of biological and productive parameters of female hybrids between the Volga sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus (Linnaeus, 1758)) and amur kaluga (Huso dauricus (Georgi, 1775)). Part 1." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 6 (June 23, 2024): 416–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2406-05.
Full textAbstract:
Some of the females of hybrids between sterlet and kaluga with different levels of ploidy turned out to be fertile, which came as a surprise to geneticists and fish farmers. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the fish-breeding, biological and production characteristics of female hybrids between a female sterlet and a male kaluga as possible objects for obtaining food caviar. The maturation periods, inter-spawning intervals, the weight of the eggs obtained and the weight of the eggs, fertility and oosomatic indices of 35 female sterlet×kaluga hybrids participating in 46 spawning campaigns from the age of 9 to 14–18 years were studied. The females are represented by the two most numerous generations in 2005 and 2007, weighing from 17 to 37 kg. The conducted studies have shown that the number of fertile females in these generations is low and amounts to 16–20% of the initial number of RВS. Females begin to mature at the age of 9–12 years, the duration of maturation of all females of the same generation reaches 8 years. Most females skip 2–4 years between spawning or mature once. In 17% of female hybrids, the resorption of mature eggs was noted in winter. On average, during one spawning, large females produce from 1.6 to 1.7 kg of eggs with an average weight of eggs of 18–23 mg with an output of eggs of 5–7% of body weight. The small number of females in the RВS, late and prolonged maturation, long inter-spawning intervals and low yield of eggs relative to body weight make the cultivation of hybrids between sterlet and Kaluga unprofitable and impractical for obtaining industrial volumes of food caviar.
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Sari, Dwi Ulta, Muzahar Muzahar, Tri Yulianto, Dwi Septiani Putri, Aminatul Zahra, and Shavika Miranti. "Gonad maturation and spawning performance of the sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) by Oodev® dan Ovaprim® administration." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 10, no. 2 (2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v10i2.10123.
Full textAbstract:
Sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) contains lots of collagen and vitamin E for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. H. scabra have high economic value. The price in the local market is IDR 400,000–1,200,000/kg and internationally it is IDR 500,000–IDR 5,000,000/kg dry weight. The level of exploitation is high, and it is suspected that there has been overfishing in several areas. Cultivation efforts need to be done to maintain the population in nature. The natural rate of gonad maturation and spawning in H. scabra broodstock is relatively slow, so efforts are needed to speed it up, among other things by administering hormones. This study aimed to stimulate (1) gonad maturation and (2) H. scabra spawning. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications in 2 stages using broodstock measuring 250–350 g/head. Stage 1: (1) Treatment A: without immersing the H. scabra in hormone solution, (2) Treatment B: immersing the H. scabra in the Oodev®/Oocyte developer dose of 1 mL/kg weight, and (3) Treatment C: soaking sea cucumber broodstock in Oodev® dose of 2 mL/kg weight. Stage 2: (1) without immersion of the broodstock in hormone solution, (2) immersion of the broodstock in Ovaprim® doses of 1 mL/kg weight. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that immersion of H. scabra broodstock in Oodev® and ovaprim® was not successful in stimulating gonad maturation and spawning in H. scabra broodstock. The spawning behavior of sea cucumbers that were successfully observed included body movements such as writhing, coiling like a ball, sticking to walls, partially erecting their bodies, actively crawling, and being more active at night.Keywords: Gonad; Holothuria scabra; Oodev®; Ovaprim®; Spawning; Sea cucumber.
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Gadzhimuradov, G. Sh. "Regularities of oogenesis and spermatogenesis of commercially valuable fish species in the water bodies of the Dagestan part of the Middle Caspian Sea." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 2 (January 24, 2024): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2402-03.
Full textAbstract:
Based on our own research and literature data, it was proved that the features of vacuole location, size, and variability in the periods of early and late trophoplasmic growth require the closest attention. There are also certain inconsistencies of gametogenesis between different species of fish within the family. These consist in the fact that for fish species that have a shorter spawning period (roach, pike and perch), the general specificity of the annual cycles of development of the sex glands is characterized by the absolute termination of spermatogenesis by the period of the beginning of spawning, the absence of maturation or new formation of sexual products in this process. Individuals with extended spawning (for gouster and silver carp) are characterized by such features as the presence of an additional wave of spermatogenesis, which begins and ends during the spawning period, the incomplete development of sexual products by the beginning of spawning and the continuation of the process of their maturation in individual cysts of the testes throughout the spawning period (for bream and fish), continuous spermatogenesis,which allows the use of reproductive products at any time from spring to fall of the annual cycle, and under favorable conditions — throughout the year (for carp and catfish). In the experimental aspect, the obtained results can be applied in conducting a large-scale selection of female fish, based on the size of ovulated oocytes and individual selection according to the average statistical size of the latter. In fishery plan the above mentioned is required in connection with obtaining eggs from fish with batch spawning and asynchronous development of oocytes.