Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mauritanie'
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N'Diaye, Sidi. "Le passé violent et la politique du repentir en Mauritanie : 1989-2012." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100127/document.
Full textCette thèse rend compte de la crise de 1989 en Mauritanie, de ses ressorts lointains et complexes, et du processus inabouti de sortie négociée d’un conflit longtemps recouvert du voile du déni et du silence. Au-delà d’une simple histoire événementielle, elle se propose de considérer les raisons, pour parler comme George Mosse, de la « brutalisation » de la société mauritanienne, la signification dont cette violence et son exacerbation était porteuse et la « politique de réconciliation » initiée par les gouvernements successifs après la chute du président Ould Taya en août 2005. Ce travail, qui est donc une écriture de l’histoire du passé violent et de ses voies d’extrication en Mauritanie, a supposé de notre part de répondre à deux impératifs : premièrement, comprendre le sens des événements, le comment et le pourquoi. Autrement dit, travailler, tout en les interrogeant, à la restitution objective des faits. Deuxièmement, évoquer ce qu’a été la politique de l’Etat mauritanien pour faire face à son histoire problématique, faite de tensions ethniques et sociales, et trouver une issue à la crise
Ould, el Hacen Moctar. "Région et crise régionale : l'exemple de l'Adrar mauritanien." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL077.
Full textMauritanian Adrar is a desertic sahelian region of Northern Mauritania. It enjoyed a rapid and outstanding commercial expansion with the cities of Ouadane and Chinguetti. This commercial traditions which have regained a substantial continuity during colonisation led Adrar to remain constantly opened towards the rest of the world and notably towards the confines of Western Sahara, Morocco and Algeria but also Sahel and the Sudanese world beyond. However, this expansion did not survive the decolonisation from the first years of independance the region sank into an umprecedented crisis. Half the population migrated to the new economic centres of the country this, added to a drop in the rainfall and to the generalised insecurity that reigned during the two war years with Western Sahara. The closing of the Mauritanian Northern frontiers did nothing but reveal the fragile and reduced role of Adrar in the region. The region, then, turned to a stagnating oasian production which reaches the markets with difficulty, due to the lack of maintenance of the tracks
Breideleil, Jemal. "L'indépendance de la banque centrale : le cas de la banque centrale de Mauritanie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0003.
Full textSince their emergence, central banks have evolved into key players in economic development. Their independence is often portrayed as essential to shielding monetary policies from short-term political influences. However, this view is primarily rooted in a market-based understanding of money, neglecting its deeply institutional, social, and political nature. This thesis explores the dynamics of money, central banks, and social orders, focusing particularly on Mauritania. The main objective is to understand how monetary systems, economic policies, and institutions evolve over time and in different social contexts. The central theme of this research is the idea that the modern state and central banks play a crucial role in the transition between social systems based on personal relations—where goods and services circulate through personal networks—and those based on impersonal relations, characterized by a market economy. This is a political economy thesis on money, covering a wide range of topics, including central bank independence, political and economic struggles around monetary sovereignty, and the impact of institutions on social transformation. By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, the thesis aims to demonstrate how central banks act as institutional lock-in mechanisms essential for the functioning of a market economy. The theoretical framework is based on the idea that money and central banks are at the heart of modern social and economic construction. While central bank independence is often seen as a recent principle, its roots can be traced back to periods before the dismantling of the Bretton Woods system. However, the question of central bank independence cannot be understood solely through government-central bank relations. It must be viewed in a broader context that includes internal forces (private actors) and external forces (international financial institutions, financial markets) and their attempts to appropriate the monetary institution.The thesis also examines the specific case of Mauritania, a tribal society where personal relationships still play a significant role in the economy. The grafting of impersonal order institutions, such as central banks, onto a social structure dominated by personal relationships creates a semi-impersonal order. This process highlights the challenges of integrating impersonal order institutions into a personal order framework
Gadio, Aminata. "Colinguisme en Mauritanie et esquisse d'une politique linguistique durable : quelle politique linguistique mauritanienne pour quel enseignement des langues?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30078.
Full textIn the rank of African nations, Mauritania, this 'discreet Pearl', a special place. Perceived as an Arabo-Maghrebian for some and a black Africa for other countries, it is a crossroads of Arab-berbero-negro-African and Muslim civilizations. It is crossed by a division between the Arabo-berberes (Arabs and Hratines) and Negro-Mauritanians (Fulani, Soninke, and Wolof), division of cultural and linguistic who takes ceaseless way conflicting forms. Mauritania, like most African countries, has implemented its new language policy on the eve of its independence. An intense duality so opposed the Arabic language to the French language and later a claim for recognition, education, and the formalization of the national languages, Fulani, soninke, and wolof, adds to this linguistic conflict.Moreover, it is in this bubbling linguistics that Mauritania will know five educational and linguistic reforms (1959, 1967, 1973, 1979, 1999). Education and language policies in Mauritania, so knowing since independence, both a succession of reforms that arises often, led to a situation worrying as to the quality of the social cohesion Mauritania. We want to demonstrate how this succession of failures and this worrying situation of social cohesion in Mauritania, is linked to linguistic questions, and what another way to design the language policy in the country. could strengthen national unity in Mauritania and so put the sectors, administrative, educational, media and legal on the right track?
Ould, Sidi Mohamed. "Urbanisation et suburbanisation à Nouakchott." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070141.
Full textDiagana, Isyakha. "Croissance urbaine et dynamique spatiale à Nouakchott." Lyon 2, 1993. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1993/diagana_i.
Full textIn 1958, Nouakchott (until then an ordinary village) was chosen to hold the political and administratve structures of the future independent state of Mauritania. Nouakchott has since continued to grow in importance, attracting populations from the country. It is today the economic an political hub of the Mauritania. This thesis examines the problems arising from the massive rural-urban exodus that has multiplied the population of nouakchott lany-fold in just three decades and the desorderly urbanisation that has come in its wake. Part one assesses population growth since 1958, especially as a consequence of the drought that has plagued the whole of the sahel region these last two decades+ part two analyses available infrastructure and installations. The objective is to come up with a typology of urban space as well as a better understanding of mechanisms underlying the creation of these new urban spaces. Using the example of two of the most districts in the town, part three examines the problems of unemployment and urban transportation in Nouakchott
Fresia, Marion. "L'humanitaire en contexte : pratiques, discours et vécus des mauritaniens réfugiés au Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0166.
Full textThis thesis explores the social dynamics of refugee movements in the light of black mauritanian refugees who have been forced toexile in Senegal since 1989. Based on an empirrical approach, it can be considered as an ethnography of a forced displacement which studies its consequences in term of political, economical and identity change for both the refugees and their host country. The analysis is holistic : the scale of observation frequently shifts from inside a refugee camp or a humanitarian organization (the UNHCR), to outside of the humanitarian space in the local environment, by sistematical comparing discourses to practices, it then become possible to reconstitute the life trajectories of refugees and underline how they encompass different territories and identities at the same time and enhance a complex construction of the self and the other
Ould, Kebd Yahya. "Nouakchott, entre la déconcentration et la décentralisation, des origines à nos jours." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32024.
Full textNouakchott arose ex-nihilo as a capital city of a country which, regarding its particular trajectory, was very seduced by the former colonial power's model. The city illustrates the worry of the public authorities to find an appropriate administrative framework aiming to meet the needs of the populations. But they have never really succeeded in achieving an appropriate formula that fits the local sociological context. The numerous formulas attempted since independence in order to improve the way of administering the city have, unfortunately, not allowed to draw this Mauritanian metropolis from its state of structural underdevelopment. The misfortune of these different experiences is primary due, to a static conception of local governance which, must from now on, be radically changed both in its foundations and in its style, so that the couple (decentralisation-décencontration) re-find its role as a viable mean of organisation of Nouakchott allowing to this city to make its takeoff which was so longer waited
Fassa, Cheikh Tidiane. "Les mutations socio-économiques et la dégradation des milieux naturels dans le Trarza occidental." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30051.
Full textSince the seventies, occidental trarza environment has been deteriorating. As a water af fact, we can notice forest and naturel pasture land disappearance, growing ground salinity, less of land fertility, increasing animal life fragility, and desertification. Long dry climatic periods seems to be the first cause of this degradation, that cast since about twenty years ; big flood barries and dams, bulding, with manantali and diama, uptream, are the principal second cause. Before the flood barries construction, local populations production system was built on cooperation with different social groups, whose principal activity was agriculture, fishing, and breeding. This organization involved an exchange and social setup. This system was also build on rigorus social stratification, with thee graps : free people, casted and slaves. This production system was working in a fragile and difficult ecological context. The building of the flood barries caused a complete land restructuring. We can notice positive mutations, but also many degradations, especially on land ownership and local ecosystems, damaging the agricultural potentialities. To occidental trarza populations, the changing rate of flow and the evolution of technical and working conditions cause many problems. Massive settling down of moors coming from the north caused many serious ethnic conflicts in this part of occidental trarza. Occidental trarza crisis is certainly caused by the difficulties of adapting societies to territorial mutations. We must pay attentio to the coherent development schedule, recently elaborated, wich include local socio-economic realities, and naturel environment conditions
Thioye, Malick. "Le droit mauritanien de la responsabilite civile : approche des notions de faute et de dommage." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0055/document.
Full textThe law is truthfully linked to our society, his development depends on the moral, the traditions, the cultural believes and the locals cultures. When you want to develop your country, you need to have good rules and principles in order to regulate the relationship between people. The responsibility is the obligation to respond at the damage you can cause to another person and it can lead to civil and criminal prosecution... It is the phenomena of responsibility in the legal order. Furthermore, the quasi-contracts require licit facts, but the crimes, the quasi-crimes are illegal facts, intentional or a simple negligence. All of this are the civil responsibility, which are the object of this PHD. The goal of the insurance companies and the social security is important, because they repair the damages of people. But, when you want to have a reparation, you might join these three conditions: the fault, the damage and the causal link. Face of this situation, we are going to study the different elements which lead to the civil responsibility and their impacts on the compensations in Mauritania law
Kane, Hélène. "Négocier la guérison du petit malade : configurations d’enfance et accessibilité des soins à Nouakchott (Mauritanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0643.
Full textDespite the wide array of medical facilities in Nouakchott, access to healthcare and treatment for child patients constitutes a major public health issue. Rather than measuring the respective importance of a predetermined series of factors, the anthropological approach focuses on the sociocultural settings which affect access to care. The environments in which children evolve over the course of their illness must be understood both at a local and a global level. In this perspective, this dissertation outlines the cases of about twenty sick children, documented through interviews with the children and their parents. Complementary to these, interviews with grandmothers, an ethnography of urban therapeutic pluralism and formalized observations in pediatric wards were also conducted. The identification of children’s illnesses, formulated from popular knowledge associated with mothering practices and nosological representations, is studied among the Haal Pulaar. Conjugal models and kinship relations permit composite variations between urban and rural environments, as well as those of affluence or of poverty. These different family configurations not only affect the children’s possibility to express themselves about their ailments or pain, but also the decisional power of the mothers when seeking care. We then consider how the families evolve within spaces of therapeutic pluralism, perceiving healthcare options through the prism of their experience and their mobility. The unequal distribution of the medical offer, its lack of control and transparency, contribute to the isolation of certain children, who are limited to informal, underqualified home care. Finally, we examine the healthcare in pediatric wards where admission does not necessarily ensure systematic healthcare and treatment delivery. The cost of medical acts and treatment, operational norms and procedures, and the organization of medical work form a discriminating and selective framework for care. Confronted with the difficulties to access care, using their economic and social resources, family members and relatives strive to negotiate the therapeutic itinerary of their child. The analysis of the singular and temporary trajectories that result from these negotiations will elucidate the construction of social inequalities of health and healthcare
Ould, Cheikh-Abdallahi Elhaj Amar. "Essai sur l'articulation des financements interne et externe du développement : cas de la Mauritanie." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0001.
Full textOuld, Mohamed El Moctar Salem. "Pauvreté et stratification sociale en Mauritanie : une analyse socio-économique de la persistance de la pauvreté dans les strates inférieures de la société." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN0603.
Full textDia, Abdoul. "Les plateformes littorales des marges stables désertiques : étude sédimentologique, stratigraphique et morphologique des unités fini-holocènes (=néholocène) du banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie)." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1154.
Full textMauritania has a coastline of 720 km sheltering the Gulf of Arguin in its northern part. This marine termination Sahara is an area of shallow, less than 20 meters, consisting of a coastal platform, the basin and shoals of Arguin, and a broad coastal plain. The subject was to identify and understand the stages and modalities that led to the development of these vast coastal environments in particular in view of their preservation and the specificity of this work lies in the need for information as well as in marine area and prograding terrestrial domain. In i terrestrial part, the Banc d'Arguin shows sedimentary structures whose setting is the result of the reworking of a hydro-aeolian sediment input during the Neholocene. Covered by Neolithic shell middens, they are dated between 6500 and 2700 years BP. In the marine domain, the use of seismic data has enabled the identification and description of the units constituting the Arguin basin. Surficial sediments were studied in more detail. The study focused on the issue of sea level, the chronology and the paleogeographic evolution of Neholocene shorelines and the forcing factors. A comparison with similar environments in the world shows that the Banc d'Arguin is in a specific position for such environments that are normally characterized by biogenic and biochemical carbonate and evaporitic sedimentation. Here the aeolian input of fine detrital material under the influence of offshore winds prevents the expression of these characters
Keumaye, Ignegongba. "Fécondité et ethnie en Mauritanie /." Paris : Centre d'études et de recherche sur la population pour le développement : Centre d'études et de recherches sur les populations africaines et asiatiques, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35559004h.
Full textSall, Aliou. "La condition juridique des étrangers en Mauritanie." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0032.
Full textGueye, Seydou Hamady. "Islam chez les Maures, les Hâlpulâr et les Soninké : maraboutisme, confrérisme, syncrétisme, identités nationales et nationalismes." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082382.
Full textVoletti, Sylvain. "Aspects épidémiologiques du paludisme à Nouakchott, République islamique de Mauritanie." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P211.
Full textOuld, Ally Sidi Mohamed. "L' articulation entre les politiques de change et l'inflation ; fondements théoriques et constatations empiriques : le cas de la Mauritanie." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0030.
Full textExchange rate policies and the dichotomy: to peg versus to float remain, specially, in the developing countries, as a topical issue. The scale and the recurrence of the financial crises in the Nineties, have a great deal to do with this renewed interest in the economic literature. The inflation, which occupies a capital top of the magic square of the economic policy objectives, is since always in the heart of the concerns, of the economists as well as the policy makers. Because of the variations of foreign exchange rate and the general price’s level do not evolve separately, but are closely bound, this thesis has as ambition to highlight the relationship between exchange rate policies and inflation. According to, at the same time, economic theory and empirical studies, we try to illustrate this link, in particular, through the case of Mauritania. The investigation reveals that the theoretical bases are ambiguous as much as empirical works are inconclusive. The choice of exchange rate regime and the most suitable exchange rate policy, as regards inflation control, is depending on panoply of parameters, in particular, the objectives and the constraints of the economic policy of the country, the size the economy and the degree of openness of it. As for Mauritania, the results of econometric tests show a rather strong link between foreign exchange rate and inflation, but the type of exchange rate regime does not seem to be decisive. Because of the inconvertibility of the home currency, to fix or to let float exchange rate, the effects on the economic performances are not significantly different
Ould, Doua Mohamed Mahmoud. "La Mauritanie revisitée : lutte d'accès, violence et accumulation : l'action des mouvements politiques : (Discours et enjeux 1946-1996)." Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40044.
Full textMoustaph, Ahmed. "L'enseignement traditionnel en Mauritanie. Rôle éducatif et perspectives d'évolution." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030127.
Full textThe present study, entitled "Traditional teaching in Mauritania: educational role and perspective of evolution", is about history and nowadays situation of the traditional Islamic teaching in this country. The first part of the work includes a presentation of Mauritania in its various geographical, historical, socio-cultural and linguistic dimensions. The traditional education system in pre-colonial period as well as colonial period is discussed in this part; the role of mahadra in the conservation of the cultural identity of the country is highlighted. In the second part, traditional teaching and other different kinds of teaching are described since the independence of the country until now. We examine the evolution of the policies carried out by the public authorities in this field. The present situation of the traditional education, as well as that of other public and private institutes, is then discussed. Finally, in the third and last part, we give an interpretation of the results of the survey we conducted in February - July 2011 in some mahadras and institutions of traditional education. We analyze also the interactions between public school and traditional system, in the light of some experiments and studies carried out in this field since the introduction of the medersas, in the beginning of the XXth century, until now
Ba, Youssouf. "Le droit à l'éducation en Mauritanie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD004.
Full textThe right of everyone to education is a fundamental human right indispensable for the exercise of other rights. It is enshrined in several international instruments of protection of human rights. Education occupies a prominent place in the international law of human rights and the international community will pay special attention as an essential condition for peace and development. The obligation of States is to ensure full and equal access to education and achieve the ideal of equality of educational opportunity for everyone. In Mauritania, the mismanagement of ethnolinguistic diversity, economic and social inequalities and persistence of slavery and slavery-like practices hinder the effective exercise of this law, which access shall be no discrimination on which it is prohibited grounds. The purpose of our work is to see the synthesis between the requirements of international law, the Mauritanian law based on Islamic Shari'a and the desire to build a mauritanian identity
Ba, Amadou Baila. "La coopération entre la Mauritanie et l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0047/document.
Full textRelations between the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and the European Union com withinthe framework of the Cotonou Agreement signed in 2000, revised in 2005 in Luxembourg andin 2010 in Burkina Faso. But geostrategic considerations led Mauritania to open a newframework of cooperation with the European Union as part of the Euromed partnership.Historically inaugurated by the Treaty of Rome 1957, these relations were extended by theYaoundé and Lomé Conventions. The Cotonou Agreement that currently governs theirrelationship rests on three pillars: political dialogue, trade relations and developmentcooperation, in the service of an ambitious objective of reducing and, eventually, eradicatingpoverty in line with sustainable development objectives and the gradual integration of ACPcountries into the world economy. In this context we will examine the evolution of thispartnership by focusing on those changes that have affected both the ACP and the EuropeanUnion.From the legal point of view, we will see how the commercial partnership based on anon-reciprocal preference will adapt to rules of international law. Furthermore, the extensionof the scope of the partnership to encompass political issues which had long been the domainof States sovereignty under the principle of non-interference will be challenged by a politicalconditionality.Lastly we will see that with the proliferation of actors in development in the changingworld, the European Union is no more than one amongst many of Mauritania’s, all of whomhave a different vision in relation to strategies and methods under Cotonou Agreement
Correra, Aminata. "Dynamique de l'utilisation des ressources fourragères par les dromadaires des pasteurs nomades du Parc national du Banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0021.
Full textThe Banc d’Arguin National Park (PNBA) extends either sides of the twentieth parallel over 180 km of the Mauritanian Atlantic coastline. It boasts an area of 12,000 km2, equally distributed between a marine/coastal and a continental area. Contrary to the maritime part which benefited from considerable research efforts, in particular in halieutics, the continental part never was the subject of thorough studies except for sporadic botanical prospections by eminent researchers like Monod, Lamarche, Spruyte, Hugot, Murat, Zolotarevsky. . . . The continental area belongs to Tasiat, a pastoral mainstay for many centuries. For a long time, it provided one of the main stage for transhumance and nomadism in Mauritania. Up to a recent time, the vegetation of this zone was used regularly for pastoral purposes by camel herds along a north-south / south-north axis. But for several decades and even more since the 70’s and 80’s, the pastoral potential of this territory faded, the wadis disappeared, the well output and their number decreased after regular drought occurring in the PNBA as all over Mauritania. This climatic failure led to unpredictible pasture lands and disusal of a territory much coveted in the past by a majority of the nomadic population and herds using its resources. The nomadic population linked to the Park’s territory adopted a strategy commanded by the new conditions imposed by the drought. This strategy is based on their perfect empirical knowledge of their territory, the behavior of their animals, the vegetation, the grazing areas and the empirical fodder quality of the remaining vegetation, a result of their long experience and patient observations over generations. Based on a multi-disciplinary approach, we attempted to compare the hierarchy of feeding values attributed by the nomads to those values determined by scientific analysis using multivariate statistics (comparison of typological analysis). Results of the analysis show that empirical knowledge only partially corroborates biological reality and that, meanwhile, the typology of species based on chemical analyses translates only imperfectly the hierarchy of feeding values used by camel herders. The actual values certainly depend on the chemical composition of plants but also on the way the camel herders and their animals make use of available resources. This empirical knowledge which integrates the phenologic evolution of the plants (time) and their distribution (space) deserves to be taken into account by the scientists. Combined with the development of specific research, this knowledge could not only add to the scientific data but also constitute the best suited way to sustainably manage a territory weakened by drought thanks to the invaluable help of a skilful “native” population, the nomadic herders
Ould, Nemine Ahmed. "Le rôle des microcrédits dans le financement du développement : le cas de la Mauritanie." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0035.
Full textThis work aims to highlight the important role of the systems of "micro-credit" in the financing of the developing economies and more particularly in the small economic units which need more and more financing to grow. We will try, throughout this thesis, to interpret the evolutions of these systems which give access to the loans for populations excluded from the formal financial circuit, of which the goal is to develop the economic activities. The general framework to apply this work is Mauritania. Because of institutional vacuum as regards financing, the authorities in Mauritania and its partners encouraged the creation of the institutions of "micro-credit". Actually, these institutions (in spite of their short experiment) produce indicators of growth and results rather good (volume and growth of the saving and credit, the creation of employment, financing of small economic activities, quality of refunding etc. . ). However it is necessary to note that all these financial instruments developed by these institutions are assigned to the financing of activities generating incomes. Several reasons explain this situation in the case of Mauritania: weak rate of penetration, financial and institutional viability not carried out, narrowness of the financial capacities of these systems compared to the needs expressed by the small and "micro" companies, etc. . The solution depends certainly on the future, the viability and the continuity of the institutions of "micro-credit"
Diawara, Lassana Bakary. "Le nouveau droit judiciaire mauritanien à la recherche de son identité entre modernité et tradition." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Lassana_Bakary.Diawara.DMZ9704.pdf.
Full textThe inducement to choose as the subject of this dissertation mauritania's new judicial law and its attempt to reconcile modernity and tradition probably originates in the uncertainty aroused by the phase of legal changes this country is undergoing currently. The present dithering between modernity and tradition shows that the question cannot be overlooked by anyone wishing to comprehend the true nature of judicial law in mauritania and its ongoing evolution. Demonstrating that a synthesis can be achieved, but more specifically that it is required, is the driving force of this dissertation, which is divided into two parts : first I will attempt to show that mauritania's judicial law is somewhat impaired by a striking vagueness that can be put down to the dulling impact of syncretism, which brings together legitimacy , i. E. Tradition, and necessity, i. E. Modernity. In my second part, i will advocate a much needed synthesis which proves both fertile and unifying. However, such a synthesis will not be possible unless a thorough effort of adaptation of muslim law is undertaken to fit new circumstances, without falling back upon either syncretism or shallow eclecticism
Antil, Alain. "Le territoire d'Etat en Mauritanie. Genèse, héritage, représentations." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL322.
Full textWhat is Mauritania ? The national organization of the territory and the relationship between politics and space will allow to discuss the topic. Nowadays Mauritania is the legacy to colonization. The clear apprehension of the cutting up logics, the French administration and the several projects for this space are more useful than a factual history of colonization the set up of spatial organization of spaces never united before the colonization and without communications substructures, and the defense of territorial wholeness, specially in boundaries contest, show us this legacy management by independant state. The territory can be considered as the only objective element who offers legitimacy for the rulers. However, the + high; study condemned to an institutional perception. The politic game, and specially the factionalism regenerating in democratic era, as same as the PRDS difficulties experienced in imposing his choices to his federations show us the local survival. Inhabitants’ social representations allow us to understand how some notions as state, nation, and national territory have progressed
Leservoisier, Olivier. "Enjeux fonciers en Mauritanie : terres et pouvoirs dans la région du Gorgol." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H054.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to analyze, from a "longue duree" and dynamic approach, the evolution of power relations around the land in Mauritania, in the present context of the enphasizing dryness, the introduction of irrigation and the enforcement of new land laws, the aim is to show the complexity and variety of the land stakes on the right bank of the Senegal river and to understand in particular the tragic events of 1989 between Mauritania and Senegal. In the face of the current disruptions the accent is placed on the strategies of adaptation and the forms of popular action developed by the actors of the Senegal valley. One of the objectives is to question a dualistic analyze of the land situation in term of opposition between tradition and modernity, showing how a revitalization of some structures called traditional can exist in structures called moderns, particularly in the context of management cooperatives of the irrigated areas or of political elections. Jointly to that processes it is question of underlining the polyvalency of the protagonist behaviors. Beyond the contribution to the study of the land matter in the contemporary Africa, the results of this research present more general implications
DIAWARA, LASSANA BAKARY MEERPOEL ANDRE. "LE NOUVEAU DROIT JUDICIAIRE MAURITANIEN A LA RECHERCHE DE SON IDENTITE ENTRE MODERNITE ET TRADITION /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1997/Lassana_Bakary.Diawara.DMZ9704.pdf.
Full textBoudart, Isabelle. "Dynamique de l'(in)sécurité linguistique de jeunes Mauritaniens : représentations et pratiques." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUEL013.
Full textThis research, founded in research areas concerning the ethno-sociolinguistics, languages in contact and the problem of the multi lingualism, aims to analyze the dynamic of linguistic (in)security of Mauritanian youth. It was conducted in Sélibaby, small multicultural town in the South of Mauritania, involving 38 youths, from 14 to 27 years old, belonging to the major ethnic groups in Mauritania : the Peul, the Moor, and the Soninke. The research analyses semi-structured interviews, with the translator participation, to identify, for the different languages of the informant's verbal repertoire, the three forms of linguistic (in)security identified by L. -J. Calvet (identity, formal and statutory insecurity). The research results confirm the hypothesis of linguistic insecurity models specific to each ethnic group. But this linguistic insecurity updates on the basis of the communication situation. The articulation of macro-sociolinguistic and micro-sociolinguistic approaches make it possible to understand the emergence conditions of a formal linguistic insecurity, conditioned by a « legitimacy search » and « interactional risk talking ». In addition, four films were made with groups of young peul. The analysis of their language practices shows that their bilingual competence, characterized by code convergence strategies, adaptation to the communication situation and stylistic strategies, works as a true identity marker
Hont, Olivier d'. "Les Kebe de Nouakchott : contribution à l'étude de la sédentarisation en milieu urbain de populations nomades sinistrées." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H042.
Full textOuld, Ahmedou Mohamed Saïd. "La Mauritanie de 1930 à 1968 : mutations économiques et sociales." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10042.
Full textSoumaré, Manga. "Le système pénitentiaire mauritanien : de la tradition islamique à une esquisse de modernité." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0803.
Full textThis research is written in the context of the Mauritanian authorities becoming aware of the importance of the world’s prison population. The subject incarceration is, today, the target of a un recedented effort to be codified, even though there remains much to be done. This movement of codification started with the establishment of a new decree, 98-078, of October 26th 1998, pertaining to the organisation and running of penitentiary institutions. This decree has been recontly completed by order number 01524 regarding the rules of re-education schools for children in trouble with the law. Despite the number of texts and efforts that were agreed upon, prison remains, in public opinion, and even for penitentiary administration, a place of punishment. In order to understand this situation, it seems necessary to dedicate the introductory chapter to the evolutionary history of incarceration in Mauritania. Once we have cleared this introductory chapter, we consider the foundations of penitentiary policy in our repressive. In this section, we studied how Islam, a religion common to all Mauritanians, occupies a unique place in our penitentiary system. The first part of this work concerns penitentiary institutions. In this part, two questions arise: to know how those arrested are spread throughout the different penitentiary establishments and how the penitentiary administration handles these detainees. As far as penitentiary establishments are concerned, there exists, essentially, two categories: prison and detention centres. Regarding penitentiary policy, it remains in an embryonic state, on account of its slow evolution. For today the objective of rehabilitation and re-education of the detainees is far from being attained. The second part of this work is dedicated to the penitentiary world. In this part we have studied penitentiary demography. This allows us to make a sociological study of the detainees. As far as the second part is concerned, it is dedicated to the different systems of detention and to their limits. Even though the texts make a distinction between the different categories of detainees, the reality of prison indicates an absence of any fundamental difference
Diagana, Yakhoub. "Mobilité quotidienne et intégration urbaine à Nouakchott : des difficultés d'accès aux transports urbains à l'expérimentation des stratégies d'adaptation." Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551660/fr/.
Full textNouakchott is one of the sub-region capital cities which has undergone, in the last decades, the most important demographic growth as well as an excessive spatial development of its urban territory. These extensive changes occurred with such speed that they did not allow enough time to adjust to the Government and they put a serious strain on the local authorities’ efforts in urban planning in general, in the creation of infrastructure and public facilities, but also in the delivery of basic services. In this context of widespread inadequacy, travelling distances stretch out and the urban transport system cannot cope with the difficulty of offering a fair service of the territory in a perspective of urban integration of the neighborhoods so as to keep pace with the development of the urban perimeter. As a consequence, the needs for mobility are increasingly important and the demands for public transportation are less and less satisfied. As a result, the daily mobility in Nouakchott has become a major source of hassle and the most exposed population to this inadequacy of public transport are the people who live in the poorest neighborhoods situated the farther away from the city center. So as to study the consequences both of the insufficiency in transport offer and of the lack of solutions to the population’s conditions of mobility, a household survey was conducted with families belonging to two communities in the Nouakchott area (El Mina and Riyad). The results of this survey show that these insufficiencies, far from enticing people to remain within their perimeter to perform daily activities in their own neighborhood, encourage them to experience strategies of adaptation which will favor mobility. Indeed, when the household income does not allow permanent access to the means of transport for each member of the family, then it works in a priority order. In this mechanism, the importance of the reason for the travel and the distance are the main criteria taken into account by the family to decide which member needs the most to benefit from the means of transport. In addition to this strategy of selective access to transportation, walking constitutes an alternative way of solving the problem of lack of solutions and lack of offer in public transports. In conclusion, confronted to spatial relegation and peripheral marginalization, it seems that the inhabitants do everything possible to avoid being placed in territorial isolation and to have access to urban integration in due form
Mohamed, Salem Ould Sabar. "Structure, mécanisme et projet d'aménagement futur de la Sebkha Ndghamcha (Mauritanie)." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5698.
Full textThis work has the results of the studies and the analyses carried out on samples and stratigraphic logs of the sebkha Ndghamcha, sebkha littoral, of 4 000 km2 surface, located at about fifty kilometers in the north of Nouakchott, capital of Mauritania. The goal of these studies is to try to include/understand the paleogeographic and paleogeochimic evolution of this sebkha during Holocene in order to proposing a project for its future planning by and with the profit of the Man. The stratigraphic position of salt compared to the gypsum as well as the age of the subjacent shelly sand were specified; the blackish level , observed sometimes at the top of this shelly sand, was analyzed chemically and dated. The initial volume and the cumulated height of sea water having occupied this old lagoon, with. Irregular bottom, were estimated thanks to the calculation of the current reserves of évaporites of this sebkha Just as the operation life of this one was also evaluated. The various types of clay and the average of the isotopic reports of the shells of this sector contributed to better understanding certain factors of the climate. With the resulting one from this work, a project of future planning of the sebkha was prepared
Ould, Inejih Cheikh Abdellahi. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle et biologie du poulpe (octopus vulgaris) dans les eaux mauritaniennes : Modélisation de l'abondance et aménagement des pêcheries." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2054.
Full textOuld, Cheikh Mohamed. "La didactique des langues et le bilinguisme : l'exemple du système éducatif mauritanien." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_ould_cheikh_m.pdf.
Full textThis work focuses around three essential parties. The first party, will be devoted to the study of the different reformations of the educational Mauritania's system since the foundation of the first schools by the French to the launch of the reformation of 1999. This period constitutes an Arabization phase general, where a wave of students without level in Arab or almost illiterate in the matter, for the claimed bilingual, poured itself in the schools in Mauritania. The second party, as for her, concerns the concept of bilingualism, its definitions, his problematic one, its effects and its contexts, etc. She quotes as example bilingualism (French Arabic) in Mauritania. The third party in majority devoted to this new promulgated reformation April 13 1999 : his provision, its recommendations, his planning. And in a general way, his new educational philosophy and his compatibility with the need in languages in the objective to sit a true stable bilingualism. Our study carries equally in this party on the Reinforcement Center of the Languages to the university of Nouakchott (C R E L). This is the good example of a big experience in educational of the languages seconds in the country. In Mauritania a multilingualism was composed of himself. This is the result of this process historic by which the country passed and of which inherited the linguistic current state
Bonte, Pierre. "L'emirat de l'adrar : histoire et anthropologie d'une societe tribale du sahara occidental." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0083.
Full textThe adrar emirate is one of the four emirates settled in mauriatnia since the end of the xviith century. This monographic study combinates the approaches and methods of history and anthropology. In the first part we analyze the categories of the pre-emiral society and the foundations of the emirate. In the second part are described the constitution and political and social organization of the adrar emirate. In the third part we study the evolution, during the xixth century of the "civil society", impregnated of the islamic values. The fourth part discusses with the french colonial conquest. The object of this thesis is to contribute towards studying the political formations of tribal, pastoral and nomadic saharan societies
Ould, Bellamech Ahmed Mahmoud. "Décentralisation et développement communal en Mauritanie." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020128.
Full textFresia, Marion. "Les Mauritaniens réfugiés au Sénégal : une anthropologie critique de l'asile et de l'aide humanitaire /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414450470.
Full textNouaceur, Zeineddine. "Évolution récente des lithométéores en Mauritanie." Lyon 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO31007.
Full textThiam, Chouaibou. "L'accès à la justice en Mauritanie." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0727.
Full textThe proclamation of the human rights, essential foundation of the democracy and the state of right, cannot be efficient if the equal access to the justice is not really assured. The international engagements of Mauritania fix him similar objectives besides. Indeed everybody feels at least confusedly, the importance of the justice in the society and more especially in a State of right. Of all the rights and liberties affirmed, the one relative to the access to the justice dons a particular importance. So that the person subject to trial recovers a confidence in the justice it is necessary to raise all obstacles imperatively to the working of the jurisdictions, to facilitate their access to the litigants and to guarantee the equality before them. This thesis has for objective, to drive a global reflection on the relative problems in the access to the justice. Our work must act as basis to the development by the government of a law project reforming the access to the justice in Mauritania
Diaw, Moussa Bourmaud Daniel. "La politique étrangère de la Mauritanie /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) : l'Harmattan, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370355921.
Full textDiagana, Ibrahima. "Espace rural et dynamisme régional : les aménagements des Bassins du Gorgol, Mauritanie." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO31002.
Full textMohamed, Lemine Koita. "Espaces, hommes et santé : géographie médicale de la Mauritanie." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT5014.
Full textKane, Nene Oumou Deffa. "Problématique de l'entrepreneuriat féminin en Mauritanie : essai de validation d'un modèle." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIME006.
Full textOur work is in the confluence of four variables affecting the entrepreneurship event. It is about psychological, sociological, economic variables and about situation. As a consequence, they establish(constitute) the pillar(prop) of our search(research). The basic postulate of our thesis is that the Mauritanian feminine entrepreneurship is an entrepreneurship of survival. The entrepreneurship is not only a practice for the persons with high income who try to invest(surround), but also the only outlet for persons with weak income who have no other means to make sure an income of subsistence. Therefore, the Furthermore, The Mauritanian context is characterized by a growing poverty, deteriorated(aggravated) during these last decades by profound transfers(transformations) marked by important exogenous shocks which modified the whole demographic, economic and social dynamics of the country. On the theoretical plan(shot), the feminine entrepreneurship knows since the end of 1970s and the beginning of 1980s a renewal of interest which is translated by bigger one entrepreneurship event is the resultant of the interaction of these four variables which act on the individual in upstream phase and which urge him(it) to pass in the act. Our results(profits) show that if the Mauritanian feminine entrepreneurship is the reaction to a given situation, the other factors(mailmen) as the culture and the sociocultural context also intervene this event
Cheikh, Abdellahi Ould Ahmed Babou. "Le système judiciaire mauritanien." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE0001.
Full textCheikh, Mohamed Fadel Mohamed Fadel Aghdhafna. "Gouvernance littorale et changements climatiques en Mauritanie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA020.
Full textCoastal ecosystems and coastlines are subject to intense pressure, caused by growing human activity and climatic trends that are sometimes irreversible. In Mauritania, the coastal zone is home to 47% of the country's population (mainly in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou) and concentrates almost 80% of the industrial infrastructure on which 98.4% of the country's exports depend.Therefore, more than other countries in the sub-region, rising sea levels are putting a large part of Mauritania's population, infrastructure, ecosystems and maritime resources at risk. Indeed, the vulnerability of Mauritania's coastline no longer needs to be demonstrated. The IPCC has cited this area of the West African coast as one of the very first to suffer from marine submersions in the near future.In view of the importance of this potential for Mauritania's economic structure and the risks affecting it, particularly those linked to climate change, we rise the subsequent problematic: what governance should be put in place for the Mauritanian coastline, specially by the State, local authorities and Mauritania's partners?It is in this context that this thesis aims to the following questions: (i) What are the vulnerable areas on the coast and what are the various threats? (ii) What are the existing methods of managing the coast and how can they respond to the ever-increasing constraints caused by climate change and its interactions with human activity?Given its complexity, the size of Mauritania's coastline and the diversity of stakeholders with conflicting interests, improving coastal governance must be based on consultation, transparency and equity. This requires a legal framework and appropriate consultation, coordination and cooperation mechanisms. Management, research, observation, information, communication and monitoring & evaluation capacities must also be consolidated and strengthened.The results obtained will contribute to (i) improving knowledge about the Mauritanian coastline; (ii) establishing sustainable and appropriate management of the coastline; (iii) contributing to the fight against climate change.Key words: Governance, Coastline, Climate change, Mauritania
Ciavolella, Riccardo. "Le pouvoir aux marges : les Fulaabe et l' État mauritanien." Paris, EHESS, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292887.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the relationship of some pastoral Fulani (FulaaBe) with the Mauritanian State, referring to a 13-months fieldwork in the capital city and a southern region (border with Mali). Living in the margins of state control, the FulaaBe have been incorporated into the state only in the '80s. This allows to understand how the historical trajectory of the group and the state-building process cross. Thus, the study focuses on two dynamics : on one hand, the construction of social and political marginality by logics of inclusion and exclusion from citizenship ("ethnic"persecutions of 1989, "autochtony" discourses, elitism and governance); and on the other, marginal citizens' strategies and tactics to cope with their condition (informal practices, political imaginaries, urban-rural relationships, associations, political criticism)
Ly, Amadou. "Fonctionnement écologique et évolution du contexte socio-économique de la Baie de l'Etoile : une contribution à l'aménagement du littoral mauritanien et au développement d'un réseau d'aires marines protégées en Afrique de l'Ouest." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0040.
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