Academic literature on the topic 'Max Scheler'

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Journal articles on the topic "Max Scheler"

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Orth, Ernst Wolfgang. "Max Scheler und Ernst Cassirer." Phänomenologische Forschungen 2012, no. 1 (2012): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000107813.

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Die Generationsgenossen Max Scheler und Ernst Cassirer haben vermutlich nie persönlichen Kontakt gehabt. Gleichwohl gibt es in ihren Texten beachtliche Verweise aufeinander, die eine thematische und methodische Vergleichbarkeit von Problemstellungen zeigen. Statt der Untersuchung von persönlichen wechselseitigen Beeinflussungen empfiehlt sich deshalb eine strukturelle philosophische Komparatistik. Scheler und Cassirer teilen die Würdigung des Ausdrucksphänomens als Wirklichkeitsparadigma. Von daher gelangen sie beide zu einer Konzeption von Kultur und Anthropologie (als Inbegriff von Wissensformen), in welcher der Befund der Krise eine konstitutive Rolle spielt. Am Thema der Metaphysik scheinen die beiden Autoren sich von einander zu trennen. Doch auch bei dem gegenüber Schelers Metaphysik höchst kritischen Cassirer lassen sich gleichwohl – gerade in der kulturanthropologischen Grundposition – metaphysische und religiöse Positionen ausmachen.
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Frings, Manfred. "Max Scheler." Philosophy and Theology 1, no. 1 (1986): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtheol1986112.

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Frings, Manfred S. "Max Scheler." Philosophy and Theology 6, no. 3 (1992): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtheol1992631.

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Frings, Manfred S. "Max Scheler." Philosophy Today 30, no. 1 (1986): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday19863013.

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De Vera, Gilbert. "Max Scheler’s Ethical Personalism." Estudio Agustiniano 55, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 281–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.53111/estagus.v55i2.49.

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Como sugiere el título, el presente artículo elabora el concepto de Max Scheler acerca del personalismo ético. la primera sección describe la relevancia de la fenomenología en la investigación filosófica de Scheler. Ilustra cómo utiliza el enfoque fenomenológico mediante el cual ejemplifica una nueva comprensión de lo emotivo a priori. Scheler está de acuerdo con la idea de que la intencionalidad sirve como una idea de las esencias, sin embargo, sostiene que la intencionalidad no puede ser puramente racional (Husserl). la fenomenología, para Scheler, es una técnica psíquica hacia la intuición emotiva.La segunda parte trata principalmente de la aplicación de la fenomenología de Scheler a su concepto de ética material o no formal. lleva a cabo una crítica demoledora por un lado del nominalismo axiológico, para el cual los valores son simplemente hechos empíricos, y por otro lado del formalismo ético (Kant). Según Scheler, los valores son los fundamentos a priori de la emoción, los objetos intencionales del sentimiento. las “inclinaciones” (emociones, sentimientos, sentimientos) son importantes en la evaluación de la experiencia moral. Desde la teoría objetiva de los valores, scheler pasa ahora al análisis de su fenomenología distintiva de la persona (la única portadora de valores). Contra la interpretación positivista, naturalista y biológica impuesta a la persona, Scheler define a la persona como “la unidad concreta de los actos”, que en sí misma no es objetiva; la persona se revela en sus acciones. sostiene que una persona no solo es racionalidad y voluntad, sino también corazón. Por último, concluye que una persona es esencialmente espiritual, es decir, tiene la capacidad de separar la esencia y la existencia (ideación) y, como ser espiritual, tiene acceso a la realidad espiritual y, por lo tanto, puede plantear la idea de Dios.
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Czerniak, Stanisław. "Max Scheler—Bernhard Waldenfels." Dialogue and Universalism 28, no. 4 (2018): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du201828454.

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Kanthack, Katharina. "Max Scheler und Wir." Internationales Jahrbuch für philosophische Anthropologie 9, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbpa-2019-0016.

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Weiss, Dennis M. "Max Scheler and Philosophical Anthropology." Philosophy Today 42, no. 3 (1998): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday199842325.

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Miller, Joshua. "The Writings of Max Scheler." American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 79, no. 1 (2005): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpq200579110.

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von Hildebrand, Dietrich. "The Personality of Max Scheler." American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 79, no. 1 (2005): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpq20057912.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Max Scheler"

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Davis, Zachary D. "Max Scheler on becoming a political human being /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240700391&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ginetti, Emerson. "A crise dos valores éticos segundo Max Scheler." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11839.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This work aims to make an analysis of the crisis of ethical values while considering it to be a crisis of historical values, according to Ferdinand Max Scheler. There exists an explanation to the crisis, as well as a possible solution: the rescue of material ethics of objective values, which are shaped in configurations prevalent within modern man, lacking references capable of sustaining an ethic that will lead to perfect morality and its own achievement. Note that the crisis is marked by secularism, relativism and subjectivism in the axiological field. The current crisis gives a reversal in the hierarchy of values. This trend is the subordination of the highest to the lowest. This reversal in the hierarchy of values, according to Scheler, is motivated by the morale of those who are affected by "resentment" and "humanitarianism". Note that the need for sustained moral values is more stable and durable. Non-impregnated interests or subjective elaborations where the moral act is sustained by the paradigms presented by modernity. The highest values are subject to those associated with sensitivity to the matter. Thus, Scheler proposes his objectivist ethics as a possible replacement for subjectivism predominant in modern society, aspiring to something that sustains human life and work
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo tecer uma análise da crise dos valores éticos, considerando-a como uma crise de valores históricos, segundo o pensamento de Ferdinand Max Scheler. Há uma explicação da crise que também poderá ser ainda uma possível solução: o resgate de uma ética material dos valores objetivos, que não se molda nas configurações predominantes no seio do homem moderno, carente de referenciais capazes de sustentar uma ética que o conduza à perfeição moral e à sua própria realização. Nota-se que a crise é marcada pelo secularismo, relativismo e subjetivismo, no campo axiológico. Na crise atual dá-se uma inversão na hierarquia dos valores. Tal tendência é a subordinação dos valores mais altos aos mais baixos, passando, estes, a serem considerados superiores. Esta inversão na hierarquia dos valores, segundo Scheler, é motivada pela moral daqueles que se encontram acometidos pelo ressentimento e pelo humanitarismo . Nota-se a necessidade de uma moral sustentada por valores que sejam mais estáveis, duradouros, não impregnados de interesses ou elaborações subjetivas onde o ato moral, que deve orientar a conduta humana, é sustentado nos paradigmas apresentados pela modernidade. Os valores mais altos estão submetidos aos que estão ligados à sensibilidade, à matéria. Desse modo, Scheler propõe sua ética objetivista como possível substituto para o subjetivismo predominante na ética da sociedade moderna, aspirando-se a algo que sustente o ser e o agir humanos e dê razão aos mesmos
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Sander, Angelika. "Mensch - Subjekt - Person : die Dezentrierung des Subjekts in der Philosophie Max Schelers /." Bonn : Bouvier Verl, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37183733s.

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Cremer, Wolfgang. "Person und Technik : die phänomenologische Deutung der Technik in der Philosophie Max Schelers /." Idstein : U. Schulz-Kirchner, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35698514z.

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Reger, Joachim. "Die Phänomenologie als theologisches Erkenntnisprinzip Romano Guardini - Max Scheler /." Sankt-Ottilien : Eos Verl, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39003617q.

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Domenech, Théodora. "Phénoménologie et métaphysique dans la pensée de Max Scheler." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30069/document.

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Max Scheler développe une phénoménologie de l’affectivité fondée sur l’idée que l’amour est source de toute connaissance. L’amour, défini comme l’acte intentionnel par excellence, est un acte d’essence personnelle. Cette affirmation amène le philosophe à considérer comme une nécessité eidétique l’existence d’une personne infinie divine, un Dieu amour. Cela engendre deux questions : l’essence de la personne divine découle-t-elle de l’expérience intuitive fondée sur l’amour ? Ou bien, au contraire, l’amour ne peut-il être pensé comme fondement de la connaissance que d’après une représentation préalable de Dieu défini comme amour ? Notre recherche propose d’interroger, à partir de la position schelerienne, la possibilité de constituer une phénoménologie absolument neutre de tout présupposé métaphysique. Nous travaillons pour cela avec plusieurs concepts de métaphysique : réalisme ontologique, idéalisme subjectiviste, et Weltanschauung. Nous interrogeons dans un premier temps la pensée schelerienne à travers le prisme du débat généré par le tournant idéaliste de Husserl, en nous demandant si le personnalisme de Scheler peut être qualifié de réalisme et en quel sens. Nous étudions ensuite l’ensemble des axiomes religieux mobilisés par Scheler dans sa phénoménologie afin de mettre en évidence ce que nous appelons une théo-logique de sa conception de la logique phénoménologique. Nous examinons enfin la façon dont Scheler soumet rétrospectivement la phénoménologie à un regard critique, en cherchant à dégager ses présupposés métaphysiques implicites. Cela permet de comprendre pourquoi Scheler, dans la dernière période de ses recherches, abandonne la phénoménologie et considère sa nouvelle pensée comme une métaphysique nouvelle
Max Scheler’s phenomenological thinking is based on the idea that love is the source of all knowledge. Defined as the ultimate intentional act, love is an essentially personal act. This claim drives the philosopher to consider the existence of an infinite personal God – a loving God - as an eidetic necessity. This raises the following questions: does the essence of God arise from an intuitive experience grounded in love? Or is love conceived as the source of all knowledge according to an existing representation of God defined as love? Taking Scheler’s position on the matter as the guiding thread of my research, I examine the possibility of a phenomenology free from any metaphysical presupposition. To this end, several definitions of the term metaphysics will be examined: ontological realism, idealist subjectivism, and theological Weltanschauung. I first question Scheler’s thought through the prism of the debate surrounding Husserl’s idealist turn by asking whether his personalist phenomenology can be described as « realist » and if so, in what sense. Then I examine all the religious axioms that Scheler uses in his phenomenology to highlight what I call a « theo-logic », i.e. an implicit theological conception of phenomenological logic. Finally, I look at how Scheler criticizes phenomenology in the hope of revealing its implicit metaphysical presuppositions. My thesis thus sheds light on why Scheler, at the end of his life, decided to put phenomenology aside and to define his thinking in terms of a new metaphysics
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Volkmer, S?rgio Augusto Jardim. "O perceber do valor na ?tica material de Max Scheler." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2818.

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Este trabalho traz o resultado de uma investiga??o sobre a fundamenta??o gnosiol?gica e antropol?gica da ?tica material dos valores de Max Scheler, enfocando sobretudo a percep??o dos valores na sua chamada fase fenomenol?gica, cuja obra mais marcante ? O formalismo na ?tica e a ?tica material dos valores (1913-1916). Na dimens?o gnosiol?gica, a percep??o dos valores tem car?ter sentimental ou emocional, ou ainda dito afetivo. Isto significa que o esp?rito tem atos de intui??o que n?o se limitam aos atos da consci?ncia intelectiva. Os atos de perceber sentimental s?o atos intencionais pelos quais o valor se d? de modo imediato para o esp?rito. A consci?ncia intelectiva somente tem acesso ao valor de modo mediado. O saber emocional ou afetivo ? anterior ao conhecer intelectivo. ? o que d? a este seus objetos. Isto se ap?ia em novas perspectivas antropol?gicas. A antropologia de Max Scheler sepulta de vez o puro idealismo racionalista. O ser conhecedor ? um ser vivente. Trata-se de uma vis?o de homem que mant?m o p? na mat?ria mesma da vida, nos impulsos da natureza, nas v?rias esferas de ser que o constituem, sem ser naturalista: a esfera do ser vivente em geral, a esfera animal, a esfera da comunidade, e a esfera do esp?rito, o diferencial pelo qual o homem se constitui como pessoa. A pessoa ? centro espiritual de atos ligado ? dimens?o do vivente, ser livre que pode e deve transitar entre as suas esferas constituintes, ?s quais est?o relacionados os valores. Voltando assim ? ?tica, da mesma forma que na antropologia a id?ia de esferas hier?rquicas aponta para uma superioridade dos valores menos relativos ao que ? contingente, superando assim tanto a ?tica idealista quanto a empirista, e fazendo sobressair o valor absoluto da pessoa. O ato bom ? o que vai al?m da boa inten??o, e realiza concretamente um bem no mundo. O bem maior ? a realiza??o da pessoa.
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Volkmer, Sérgio Augusto Jardim. "O perceber do valor na ética material de Max Scheler." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3560.

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Este trabalho traz o resultado de uma investigação sobre a fundamentação gnosiológica e antropológica da ética material dos valores de Max Scheler, enfocando sobretudo a percepção dos valores na sua chamada fase fenomenológica, cuja obra mais marcante é “O formalismo na ética e a ética material dos valores” (1913-1916). Na dimensão gnosiológica, a percepção dos valores tem caráter ‘sentimental’ ou ‘emocional’, ou ainda dito ‘afetivo’. Isto significa que o espírito tem atos de intuição que não se limitam aos atos da consciência intelectiva. Os atos de perceber sentimental são atos intencionais pelos quais o valor se dá de modo imediato para o espírito. A consciência intelectiva somente tem acesso ao valor de modo mediado. O saber emocional ou afetivo é anterior ao conhecer intelectivo. É o que dá a este seus objetos. Isto se apóia em novas perspectivas antropológicas. A antropologia de Max Scheler sepulta de vez o puro idealismo racionalista. O ser conhecedor é um ser vivente. Trata-se de uma visão de homem que mantém o pé na matéria mesma da vida, nos impulsos da natureza, nas várias esferas de ser que o constituem, sem ser naturalista: a esfera do ser vivente em geral, a esfera animal, a esfera da comunidade, e a esfera do espírito, o diferencial pelo qual o homem se constitui como pessoa. A pessoa é centro espiritual de atos ligado à dimensão do vivente, ser livre que pode e deve transitar entre as suas esferas constituintes, às quais estão relacionados os valores. Voltando assim à ética, da mesma forma que na antropologia a idéia de esferas hierárquicas aponta para uma superioridade dos valores menos relativos ao que é contingente, superando assim tanto a ética idealista quanto a empirista, e fazendo sobressair o valor absoluto da pessoa. O ato bom é o que vai além da boa intenção, e realiza concretamente um bem no mundo. O bem maior é a realização da pessoa.
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Wilwert, Patrick. "Philosophische Anthropologie als Grundlagenwissenschaft? Studien zu Max Scheler und Helmuth Plessner." Würzburg Königshausen & Neumann, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992262607/04.

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Uram, Jozef. "Persona e comunità nel pensiero di Max Scheler ed Edith Stein /." Roma, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000254117.

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Books on the topic "Max Scheler"

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Henckmann, Wolfhart. Max Scheler. München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 1998.

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Max Scheler: Percorsi interpretativi. Roma: Aracne, 2008.

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Sander, Angelika. Max Scheler zur Einführung. Hamburg: Junius, 2001.

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Good, Paul. Max Scheler: Eine Einführung. Düsseldorf: ParErga, 1998.

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Stefano, Anna Escher Di. Max Scheler, moralista e sociologo. Catania: C.U.E.C.M., 1990.

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Franco, Bosio, ed. Pagine scelte da Max Scheler. Roma: Ianua, 1986.

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Köln), Internationales Max-Scheler-Colloquium (1993 Universität zu. Studien zur Philosophie von Max Scheler. Freiburg (Breisgau): Alber, 1994.

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Max Scheler: Universalismo e verità individuale. Brescia: Morcelliana, 2011.

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Zhok, Andrea. Intersoggettività e fondamento in Max Scheler. Firenze: La nuova Italia, 1997.

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Cusinato, Guido. Max Scheler: Il Dio in divenire. Padova: Messaggero, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Max Scheler"

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Schloßberger, Matthias. "Max Scheler." In The Routledge Handbook of Phenomenology of Emotion, 72–86. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge handbooks in philosophy: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315180786-6.

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Frings, Manfred. "Max Scheler." In Contributions to Phenomenology, 629–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5344-9_141.

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Danzer, Gerhard. "Max Scheler." In Wer sind wir? – Auf der Suche nach der Formel des Menschen, 89–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16993-9_7.

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Henckmann, Wolfhart. "Scheler, Max." In Metzler Philosophen Lexikon, 784–86. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03642-1_252.

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Schuhmann, Karl. "Max Scheler." In Edmund Husserl: Briefwechsel, 399–422. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0745-7_20.

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Hand, Annika. "Max Scheler." In Husserl-Handbuch, 246–51. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05417-3_33.

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Schäfer, Christian. "Max Ferdinand Scheler." In Kindler Kompakt: Philosophie 20. Jahrhundert, 47–50. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05539-2_6.

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Flömer, Lars. "Scheler, Max Ferdinand." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_20274-1.

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Henckmann, Wolfhart. "Max Scheler (1874–1928)." In Handbook of Phenomenological Aesthetics, 303–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2471-8_60.

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Agosta, Lou. "Rewriting Empathy in Max Scheler." In A Rumor of Empathy, 83–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137465344_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Max Scheler"

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Burkhanov, Rafael Ayratovich. "PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION OF MAX SCHELER AND MODERNITY." In Международный педагогический форум "Стратегические ориентиры современного образования". Уральский государственный педагогический университет, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/kso-2020-47.

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Liu, Zishan, Lin Zhang, Wei Ni, and Iain B. Collings. "A Cross-Layer MAC Aware Pseudonym (MAP) Scheme for the VANET." In GLOBECOM 2018 - 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8647808.

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Li, Jing, and Georgios Y. Lazarou. "A bit-map-assisted energy-efficient MAC scheme for wireless sensor networks." In the third international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/984622.984631.

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Yang, Bo, and Erkui Chen. "Image Fusion Using an Improved Max-Lifting Scheme." In 2009 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2009.5304719.

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Zhiruo Cao and E. W. Zegura. "Utility max-min: an application-oriented bandwidth allocation scheme." In IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infcom.1999.751467.

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Wenbin Zhang, Xiaozong Yang, and Shaochuan Wu. "A new improved MAC scheme: RM-MAC." In 2011 6th International ICST Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2011.6158267.

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Kim, Ju Yeop, and Dong-Ho Cho. "Piggybacking Scheme of MAP IE for Minimizing MAC Overhead in the IEEE 802.16e OFDMA Systems." In 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2007.73.

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Long, Yangbo, Sean Lyttle, and David J. Cappelleri. "Linear Control Techniques Applied to the Omnicopter MAV in Fixed Vertical Ducted Fan Angle Configuration." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70486.

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In this paper, linear control techniques are applied to a novel Omnicopter MAV design. This design is unique in its ability to withstand external disturbance and translate horizontally with more stable attitude. A dynamic model of the Omnicopter MAV has been developed using the Newton-Euler formalism. Based on a linearized version of the model with a fixed vertical ducted fan angle configuration, three different control schemes, namely PD control, Lyapunov-based control and optimal LQ control have been designed and proposed. Comparisons and relations between the three control schemes are discussed and simulations are presented. Finally, details on the Omnicopter prototype and initial test flights are presented. Controlled flights with vertical take-offs and landings have been achieved utilizing the PD control scheme.
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Lacaze, Sylvain, and Samy Missoum. "A Generalized “Max-Min” Sample for Reliability Assessment With Dependent Variables." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34051.

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This paper introduces a novel approach for reliability assessment with dependent variables. In this work, the boundary of the failure domain, for a computational problem with expensive function evaluations, is approximated using a Support Vector Machine and an adaptive sampling scheme. The approximation is sequentially refined using a new adaptive sampling scheme referred to as generalized “max-min”. This technique efficiently targets high probability density regions of the random space. This is achieved by modifying an adaptive sampling scheme originally tailored for deterministic spaces (Explicit Space Design Decomposition). In particular, the approach can handle any joint probability density function, even if the variables are dependent. In the latter case, the joint distribution might be obtained from copula. In addition, uncertainty on the probability of failure estimate are estimated using bootstrapping. A bootstrapped coefficient of variation of the probability of failure is used as an estimate of the true error to determine convergence. The proposed method is then applied to analytical examples and a beam bending reliability assessment using copulas.
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Zhiqiang, Pei, and Xu Changqing. "A Max-Energy-Utilization Deployment Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2011 IEEE 14th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cse.2011.77.

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Reports on the topic "Max Scheler"

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Pavlovichev, A. M. Mission MOX Fuel Physics Design--Preliminary Equilibrium MOX Assembly Design and Expected Operating Power for Existing Balakovo Fuel Management Scheme. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814307.

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Keane, Claire, Sean Lyons, Mark Regan, and Brendan Walsh. HOME SUPPORT SERVICES IN IRELAND: EXCHEQUER AND DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTS OF FUNDING OPTIONS. ESRI, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat111.

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A new statutory scheme for the provision of home support services is currently being developed by the Department of Health. Research has shown that access to home support services varies across the country. The new scheme aims to tackle this issue to ensure equitable access to home support services nationwide and is part of wider reform of Ireland’s health and social care systems as envisaged in the Sláintecare report and Department of Health action plans. Publicly funded home support services in Ireland are currently provided free of charge for recipients, unlike long-term residential or nursing home care, which involves a contribution from residents. In 2019, the HSE’s Older Persons’ Services provided care to 53,000 people at a cost of €440 million. It is anticipated that demand for home support services may increase under the new scheme, for example if unmet demand is met or if the new scheme results in more people being able to remain in their own home, substituting away from long-term residential care. Any increased demand would result in an increased cost, which may also rise as the population ages. This report examines the possible introduction of co-payments for home support services. We focus on the likely Exchequer impact of a range of different funding scenarios along with the distributional, poverty and inequality impacts of such charges. Due to data limitations, and the fact that the majority of home support services are provided to older age groups, we focus on those aged 65 years and over. Regarding co-payments we examine the impact of flat-rate charges for users, regardless of means, as well as co-payments for home support recipients above a variety of income levels. The tapering of payments is also examined to ensure that individuals just over a specific income threshold would see co-payments gradually increasing as their income rises. We also consider the capping of co-payments so that those needing a high number of home support hours would not potentially face very high costs.
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Muelaner, Jody. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles. SAE International, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021021.

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While direct electrification appears to provide the most cost-effective route to decarbonization of commercial vehicles, uptake may be constrained by critical metal supply. Additionally, it will be many years before hydrogen power becomes decarbonized or if it can ever compete economically with direct electrification. An electric road system (ERS) could offer a highly efficient and cost-effective route to direct electrification that would greatly reduce the volume of batteries required, but pilot schemes are urgently needed to provide concrete data on operating costs for different ERS technologies. Furthermore, if plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could obtain most of their power from an ERS, liquid biofuels and “electrofuels” may prove useful for occasional off-grid range extension. To achieve extremely long-range for operation in remote locations, liquid fuels remain the only viable option. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles discusses the analysis required to understand the lifecycle energy use for different power options for decarbonized commercial vehicles.
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Andrabi, Tahir, and Christina Brown. Subjective versus Objective Incentives and Teacher Productivity. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/092.

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A central challenge facing firms is how to incentivize employees. While objective, output-based incentives may be theoretically ideal, in practice they may lead employees to reduce effort on non-incentivized outcomes and may fail in settings where effort is weakly tied to output. We study the effect of subjective incentives (manager performance evaluation) and objective incentives (test score-based) relative to no incentives for teachers using an RCT in 230 Pakistani schools. First, we show that subjective and objective incentives both increase test scores and have similar magnitude effects. However, objective incentives decrease non-test score student outcomes relative to subjective incentives. Second, we show that teachers’ effort response is very different under each scheme, with attendance increasing under subjective and teaching quality decreasing under objective. Finally, we rationalize these effects through the lens of a moral hazard model with multi-tasking. We use within-treatment variation to isolate the causal effect of contract noise and distortion and show that these channels explain most of our reduced form effects.
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Cooper, Rachel. Water in Sustainable Agriculture Standards. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.037.

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This review synthesises evidence on water in sustainable agriculture standards. Sustainable agricultural standards, hereafter standards, is a broad term encompassing certification schemes, tools, and programmes. The International Trade Centre’s Sustainability Standards Map includes 166 agricultural standards . However, there is a smaller number of prominent standards that are popularly used by major retailers or for particular commodities. Two studies looking at how water is considered in standards selected smaller numbers: Morgan (2017) benchmarks 25 popular use conventional agricultural standards and organic standards, whilst Vos & Boelens (2014) selected eight prominent standards for their analysis. The evidence base for this request was limited. Whilst water is included in individual standards, there is limited research on the efficacy or impact of standards on water issues. This review identified an extremely small number of studies that either assessed or benchmarked standards’ water related requirements or the impacts of certification and water requirements on water resources.
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Bacani, Eleanor, and Shinjini Mehta. Analyzing the Welfare-Improving Potential of Land Pooling in Thimphu City, Bhutan: Lessons Learned from ADB’s Experience. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200315-2.

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This paper examines empirically and spatially how welfare gains are realized in a land pooling scheme in four ADB-financed Local Area Plans (LAPs) in Thimphu city, Bhutan. Increased government efforts are required to take advantage of the full range of benefits of land pooling for Thimpu residents. The paper recommends a mix of fiscal and urban policy levers to address inefficiencies associated with the existing build-out pattern and infrastructure service quality. It offers insights on how unplanned development occurring outside serviced LAP areas, including along steep slopes and peri-urban areas in Thimphu thromdes, can be addressed most effectively. This paper is the second in a series of three working papers on the topic of land pooling produced by the Asian Development Bank’s South Asia Urban Development and Water Division. The series takes a deeper look at aspects including land pooling’s effectiveness, welfare-improving potential, relationship with safeguard policies, and its prospects as a land management tool in developing country cities.
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Kelbesa, Megersa. Digital Service Taxes and Their Application. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.135.

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Many developing economies have seen a rise in e-commerce activity within their borders, and a decline in income from traditional industries as a result of COVID-19, meaning the digital economy offers a potentially unexploited source of tax revenue. . As a result, more developing countries may soon begin adopting some sort of digital tax. The economic activities which may be subject to the Digital Services Tax (DST) may vary from country to country. It will, therefore, be necessary for businesses operating in multiple jurisdictions across developing countries to keep up with the changes in digital taxes. Before implementing a DST scheme, developing countries are advised to perform an in-depth cost-benefit analysis and due considerations. Some developing (and several developed) countries have already unilaterally implemented a “provisional” DST system. Other developing countries are on the process of implementing DST or have simply announced that they will implement a DST soon. Although most of the countries so far actively working on DST (are rich countries, a growing list of developing countries are joining the process. Some examples include the following: Malaysia, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, Argentina and, Chile. It is important to mention that the literature on DST is very limited – although growing, and the evidence base around the economic impacts is particularly scarce. This is partly due to the quite recent nature of DST implementation. The evidence is even scarcer for developing countries – Due to these limitations, this rapid evidence review looks at different types of available literature – including reports and blogs issued by international financial institutions and development agencies. The rest of the report will give an overview of key proposed approaches to tax the digital economy, provide a very brief account of the economic impact of DST, provide a brief mapping of the implementation of digital service taxes in developing countries, provide a brief description of each DST system and about the economic impact of the DST, finally a brief account or attributes of a “good” DST system.
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Wells, Aaron, Tracy Christopherson, Gerald Frost, Matthew Macander, Susan Ives, Robert McNown, and Erin Johnson. Ecological land survey and soils inventory for Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2016–2017. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287466.

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This study was conducted to inventory, classify, and map soils and vegetation within the ecosystems of Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM) using an ecological land survey (ELS) approach. The ecosystem classes identified in the ELS effort were mapped across the park, using an archive of Geo-graphic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) datasets pertaining to land cover, topography, surficial geology, and glacial history. The description and mapping of the landform-vegetation-soil relationships identified in the ELS work provides tools to support the design and implementation of future field- and RS-based studies, facilitates further analysis and contextualization of existing data, and will help inform natural resource management decisions. We collected information on the geomorphic, topographic, hydrologic, pedologic, and vegetation characteristics of ecosystems using a dataset of 724 field plots, of which 407 were sampled by ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research and Services (ABR) staff in 2016–2017, and 317 were from existing, ancillary datasets. ABR field plots were located along transects that were selected using a gradient-direct sampling scheme (Austin and Heligers 1989) to collect data for the range of ecological conditions present within KATM, and to provide the data needed to interpret ecosystem and soils development. The field plot dataset encompassed all of the major environmental gradients and landscape histories present in KATM. Individual state-factors (e.g., soil pH, slope aspect) and other ecosystem components (e.g., geomorphic unit, vegetation species composition and structure) were measured or categorized using standard classification systems developed for Alaska. We described and analyzed the hierarchical relationships among the ecosystem components to classify 92 Plot Ecotypes (local-scale ecosystems) that best partitioned the variation in soils, vegetation, and disturbance properties observed at the field plots. From the 92 Plot Ecotypes, we developed classifications of Map Ecotypes and Disturbance Landscapes that could be mapped across the park. Additionally, using an existing surficial geology map for KATM, we developed a map of Generalized Soil Texture by aggregating similar surficial geology classes into a reduced set of classes representing the predominant soil textures in each. We then intersected the Ecotype map with the General-ized Soil Texture Map in a GIS and aggregated combinations of Map Ecotypes with similar soils to derive and map Soil Landscapes and Soil Great Groups. The classification of Great Groups captures information on the soil as a whole, as opposed to the subgroup classification which focuses on the properties of specific horizons (Soil Survey Staff 1999). Of the 724 plots included in the Ecotype analysis, sufficient soils data for classifying soil subgroups was available for 467 plots. Soils from 8 orders of soil taxonomy were encountered during the field sampling: Alfisols (<1% of the mapped area), Andisols (3%), Entisols (45%), Gelisols (<1%), Histosols (12%), Inceptisols (22%), Mollisols (<1%), and Spodosols (16%). Within these 8 Soil Orders, field plots corresponded to a total of 74 Soil Subgroups, the most common of which were Typic Cryaquents, Typic Cryorthents, Histic Cryaquepts, Vitrandic Cryorthents, and Typic Cryofluvents.
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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.

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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, Avraham Lalazar, A. B. Bodine, Yitzhak Ittah, and Bonita Glatz. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.

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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and may help prevent yogurt over-acidification. Both were active against botulinal spores; jenseniin was sporostatic; propionicin was sporicidal. Jenseniin was produced in broth culture, was stable to pH and temperature extremes, and was purified. Its molecular mass (3649 Da) and partial amino acid composition (74%) were determined. A blocked jenseniin N-terminus prevented sequencing. Methods to produce propionicin in liquid culture were improved, and large scale culture protocols to yield high titers were developed. Methods to detect and quantify propionicin activity were optimized and standardized. Stability of partially purified propionicin was demonstrated and an improved purification scheme was developed. Purified propionicin had a 9328-Da molecular mass, contained 99 amino acids, and was significantly hydrophobic; ten N-terminal amino acids were identified. Propionicin and Jenseniin interacted with cytoplasmic membranes; resistance of insensitive species was cell wall-related. Propionicin and jenseniin acted similarly; their mode of action appeared to differ from nisin. Spontaneous jenseniin-resistant mutants were resistant to propionicin but nisin-sensitive. The basis for producer immunity was not resolved. Although bacteriocin genes were not cloned, a jenseniin producer DNA clone bank and three possible vectors for cloning genes in propionibacteria were constructed. In addition, transposon Tn916 was conjugatively transferred to the propionicin producer from chromosomal and plasmid locations at transfer frequencies high enough to permit use of Tn916 for insertional mutagenesis or targeting genes in propionibacteria. The results provide information about the bacteriocins that further supports their usefulness as adjuncts to increase food safety and/or quality.
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