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1
Mahera, N. S. "SPIELBERGER STATE-TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY FOR PATIENTS WITH EXCESSIVE TOOTH ABRASION AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.3.2019.08.
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Hypertonia and parafunction of masticatory muscles (bruxism), which cause prolonged non-functional sliding movements of the mandible against the maxilla with teeth closed, contribute to the development of functional overload. Increased activity of masticatory muscles may occur due to the agitation of the central nervous system. On the periphery, its action manifests itself in the form of dysfunctions and bruxism, which leads to fatigue in the masticatory muscles, their spasm and the development of symptoms of the pain dysfunction syndrome. There is also an inverse relationship between local disturbances of occlusion and the development of stress. This case occurs, because in stress situations the adaptive capacity for local disturbances of the motor part of the masticatory system, including the disturbances of occlusion, is reduced. This causes a motor reaction in the form of dysfunctions of closing masticatory apparatus, which, in long-term stressful situations, can turn into well-established habits. This explains the appearance of pain symptoms of dysfunction in stressful situations. Consequently, there is convincing evidence that psychological and psychosocial factors play an important role in understanding the TMDs, but there is no conclusive evidence that these factors are etiologic ones.
The purpose of the study is to determine personal and situational anxiety in patients with excessive tooth abrasion alone and those with both excessive tooth abrasion and temporomandibular disorders, comparing them with each other.
Materials and Methods. 68 patients were included in the study, 31 (45.6%) included male and 37 (54.4%) contained female patients aged 21 to 70. Studied patients were divided into two groups: the control group and the study group. The control group included 31 patients diagnosed only with excessive tooth abrasion in combination with possible other occlusal disorders. The study group included 37 patients with excessive tooth abrasion, possibly with other occlusal disorders and various forms of temporomandibular disorders: muscle, articular, and combined. The study was conducted individually using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which included instructions and 40 questions, 20 of which were designed to assess the level of situational anxiety (SA) and 20 – to assess the level of personal anxiety (PA). Online questionnaire at: http://psytests.org/psystate/spielberger-run.html was used for automatic data processing of Spielberger psychological evaluation of patients.
Results. A high level of personal anxiety was observed in patients of the study group with both excessive tooth abrasion and TMDs, in comparison with patients in the control group (48.6% of patients in the study group vs. 0% in the control group), p<0.001.
Furthermore, a significant prevalence of patients with a high level of situational anxiety was determined among the patients in the study group with excessive tooth abrasion and TMDs, in comparison with patients in the control group with excessive tooth abrasion alone (64.0% in the study group vs. 3.2% in the control group, p<0.001). Thus, statistically significant signs of a high level of personal and situational anxiety were found among patients with excessive tooth abrasion and present temporomandibular disorders in comparison with patients who have only excessive tooth abrasion.
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Siéssere, Selma, Luiz Gustavo de Sousa, Naira de Albuquerque Lima, Marisa Semprini, Paulo Batista de Vasconcelos, Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe, Sandra Valéria Rancan, and Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo. "Electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in women with osteoporosis." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 3 (2009): 237–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000300012.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the electromyographic (EMG) activity and the maximal molar bite force in women diagnosed with osteoporosis in the maxillary and mandibular regions, considering the habits and conditions that lead to development of generalized skeletal bone loss, including on face bones, can disturb the functional harmony of the stomatognathic system. Twenty-seven women with mandibular and maxillary osteoporosis and 27 healthy controls volunteered to participate in the study. A 5-channel electromyographer was used. Muscle activity was evaluated by means of EMG recordings of the masticatory musculature (masseter and temporalis muscles, bilaterally) during the following clinical conditions: rest (5 s); right and left lateral excursions (5 s); protrusion (5 s); maximal dental clenching on Parafilm™ (4 s) and maximal voluntary contraction (4 s). This latter clinical condition was used as the normalization factor of the sample data. It was observed that individuals with osteoporosis presented greater EMG activity when maintaining mandible posture conditions and less activity during dental clenching and when obtaining maximal molar bite force. It may be concluded that facial osteoporosis can interfere on the patterns of masticatory muscle activation and maximal bite force of the stomatognathic system.
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Valério, Patrícia, Tina Poklepović Peričić, Andrea Rossi, Cristina Grippau, Júlia dos Santos Tavares Campos, and Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento. "The effectiveness of early intervention on malocclusion and its impact on craniofacial growth: A systematic review." Contemporary Pediatric Dentistry 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51463/cpd.2021.61.
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This review aims to assess the available evidence related to the effectiveness of early interventions on malocclusion and its impact on the craniofacial structure among children under six years of age. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between nutritive sucking behavior mechanisms on the oral facial components. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and the LILACS from inception to December 10, 2020, to identify published randomized and non-randomized controlled trials that investigated the broad spectrum of early interventions for the treatment of malocclusions among pediatric patients under six years old. We have also included studies that evaluated the impact or the relationship between feeding alternatives, malocclusion, and craniofacial growth. Reviewers working in pairs investigators independently performed title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment using ROBINS-I tool, and rated the certainty of evidence using GRADE. Seven studies were included (783 patients), with an overall risk of bias classified as critical. Early treatment was shown to improve facial asymmetry, particularly in the lower part of the face, along with an increase of palatal volume and palatal surface. Early treatment showed important reduction of mandibular protrusion and length, leading to favorable sagittal growth of the maxilla. Furthermore, the early intervention significantly enhanced the average bite force magnitude (from 318.20 N to 382.79 N) and increased the general thickness of facial muscles. Our findings suggest that the benefits generated by early orthodontic interventions are related to the improvement of craniofacial symmetry/bone structure, and refinement of masticatory ability and performance. Notwithstanding, there is still a need for further studies appraising patient-important outcomes, such as quality of life and nutritional features.
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Dessem, Dean, and Richard M. Lovering. "Repeated Muscle Injury as a Presumptive Trigger for Chronic Masticatory Muscle Pain." Pain Research and Treatment 2011 (June 12, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/647967.
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skeletal muscles sustain a significant loss of maximal contractile force after injury, but terminally damaged fibers can eventually be replaced by the growth of new muscle (regeneration), with full restoration of contractile force over time. After a second injury, limb muscles exhibit a smaller reduction in maximal force and reduced inflammation compared with that after the initial injury (i.e., repeated bout effect). In contrast, masticatory muscles exhibit diminished regeneration and persistent fibrosis, after a single injury; following a second injury, plasma extravasation is greater than after a single injury and maximal force is decreased more than after the initial injury. Thus, masticatory muscles do not exhibit a repeated bout effect and are instead increasingly damaged by repeated injury. We propose that the impaired ability of masticatory muscles to regenerate contributes to chronic muscle pain by leading to an accumulation of tissue damage, fibrosis, and a persistent elevation and prolonged membrane translocation of nociceptive channels such as P2X3 as well as enhanced expression of neuropeptides including CGRP within primary afferent neurons. These transformations prime primary afferent neurons for enhanced responsiveness upon subsequent injury thus triggering and/or exacerbating chronic muscle pain.
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Righetti, Mariah Acioli, Oswaldo Luiz Stamato Taube, Marcelo Palinkas, Lígia Maria Napolitano Gonçalves, Danilo Stefani Esposto, Edneia Corrêa de Mello, Isabela Hallak Regalo, Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo, and Selma Siéssere. "Osteoarthrosis: Analyze of the Molar Bite Force, Thickness and Masticatory Efficiency." Prague Medical Report 121, no. 2 (2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2020.7.
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Osteoarthrosis is a disorder of synovial joints, resulting from destruction of the cartilage and subchondral bone. The present study is aimed to investigate the molar bite force, thickness and efficiency of the masseter and temporalis muscles of subjects with osteoarthrosis. A total of forty-eight subjects participated in the study. They were distributed into two groups: with osteoarthrosis (n=24) and asymptomatic controls (n=24). Subjects were analyzed on the basis of maximal molar bite force (right and left side), thickness (mandibular rest and dental clenching in maximal voluntary contraction) and electromyographic activity of masticatory cycles through the linear envelope integral in habitual (raisins and peanuts) and non-habitual (Parafilm M) chewing of the masseter and temporalis muscles. All the data were analyzed statistically using t-test with a significance level of p≤0.05. There was no difference between groups in maximal molar bite force, muscle thickness and non-habitual chewing. Differences were found on the raisins (p=0.02) and peanuts (p=0.05) chewing for right temporal muscle, with reduced masticatory muscle efficiency in osteoarthrosis subjects. This study showed that osteoarthrosis induces negative changes in habitual chewing, highlighting the efficiency of the right temporalis muscles. The greater temporal muscle activity in subjects with osteoarthrosis may compromise chewing and consequently the nutritional status of adult subjects.
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Hoh, Joseph F. Y. "`Superfast' or masticatory myosin and the evolution of jaw-closing muscles of vertebrates." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 15 (August 1, 2002): 2203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.15.2203.
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SUMMARY There are four fibre types in mammalian limb muscles, each expressing a different myosin isoform that finely tunes fibre mechanics and energetics for locomotion. Functional demands on jaw-closer muscles are complex and varied,and jaw muscles show considerable phylogenetic plasticity, with a repertoire for myosin expression that includes limb, developmental, α-cardiac and masticatory myosins. Masticatory myosin is a phylogenetically ancient motor with distinct light chains and heavy chains. It confers high maximal muscle force and power. It is highly jaw-specific in expression and is found in several orders of eutherian and marsupial mammals including carnivores,chiropterans, primates, dasyurids and diprotodonts. In exceptional species among these orders, masticatory myosin is replaced by some other isoform. Masticatory myosin is also found in reptiles and fish. It is postulated that masticatory myosin diverged early during gnathostome evolution and is expressed in primitive mammals. During mammalian evolution, mastication of food became important, and in some taxa jaw closers replaced masticatory myosin with α-cardiac, developmental, slow or fast limb myosins to adapt to the variety of diets and eating habits. This occurred early in some taxa(rodents, ungulates) and later in others (macropods, lesser panda, humans). The cellular basis for the uniqueness of jaw-closing muscles lies in their developmental origin.
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Vecchione, L., C. Byron, G. M. Cooper, T. Barbano, M. W. Hamrick, J. J. Sciote, and M. P. Mooney. "Craniofacial Morphology in Myostatin-deficient Mice." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 11 (November 2007): 1068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708601109.
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GDF-8 (myostatin) is a negative growth regulator of skeletal muscle, and myostatin-deficient mice are hypermuscular. Muscle size and force production are thought to influence growth of the craniofacial skeleton. To test this relationship, we compared masticatory muscle size and craniofacial dimensions in myostatin-deficient and wild-type CD-1 control mice. Myostatin-deficient mice had significantly (p < 0.01) greater body (by 18%) and masseter muscle weight (by 83%), compared with wild-type controls. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were noted for cranial vault length, maxillary length, mandibular body length, and mandibular shape index. Significant correlations were noted between masseter muscle weight and mandibular body length (r = 0.68; p < 0.01), cranial vault length (r = −0.57; p < 0.05), and the mandibular shape index (r = −0.56; p < 0.05). Masticatory hypermuscularity resulted in significantly altered craniofacial morphology, probably through altered biomechanical stress. These findings emphasize the important role that masticatory muscle function plays in the ontogeny of the cranial vault, the maxilla, and, most notably, the mandible.
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Sugihara, Daisuke, Misao Kawara, Hiroshi Suzuki, Takashi Asano, Akihiro Yasuda, Hiroki Takeuchi, Toshiyuki Nakayama, Toshikazu Kuroki, and Osamu Komiyama. "Mandibular Jaw Movement and Masticatory Muscle Activity during Dynamic Trunk Exercise." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 4 (December 2, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8040132.
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The examination of jaw movement during exercise is essential for an improved understanding of jaw function. Currently, there is no unified view of the mechanism by which the mandible is fixed during physical exercise. We hypothesized that during strong skeletal muscle force exertion in dynamic exercises, the mandible is displaced to a position other than the maximal intercuspal position and that mouth-opening and mouth-closing muscles simultaneously contract to fix the displaced mandible. Therefore, we simultaneously recorded mandibular jaw movements and masticatory muscle activities during dynamic trunk muscle force exertion (deadlift exercise) in 24 healthy adult males (age, 27.3 ± 2.58 years). The deadlift was divided into three steps: Ready (reference), Pull, and Down. During Pull, the mandibular incisal point moved significantly posteriorly (−0.24 mm, p = 0.023) and inferiorly (−0.55 mm, p = 0.019) from the maximal intercuspal position. Additionally, temporal, masseter, and digastric muscles were activated simultaneously and significantly during Pull (18.63 ± 17.13%, 21.21 ± 18.73%, 21.82 ± 19.97% of the maximum voluntary contraction, respectively), with maintained activities during Down (p < 0.001). Thus, during dynamic trunk muscle force exertion, the mandibular incisal point moved to a posteroinferior position without tooth-touch (an open-mouth position). Simultaneously, the activities of the mouth-opening digastric muscles and the mouth-closing temporal and masseter muscles led to mandibular fixation, which is a type of mandible fixing called bracing.
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Ginszt, Michał, Grzegorz Zieliński, Marcin Berger, Jacek Szkutnik, Magdalena Bakalczuk, and Piotr Majcher. "Acute Effect of the Compression Technique on the Electromyographic Activity of the Masticatory Muscles and Mouth Opening in Subjects with Active Myofascial Trigger Points." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 7750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217750.
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Active myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in masticatory muscles are associated with a reduced range of motion and muscle weakness within the stomatognathic system. However, it is hard to identify the most effective treatment technique for disorders associated with MTrPs. The objective of this study was to analyze the acute effect of the compression technique (CT) on active maximal mouth opening (MMO) and electromyographic activity of the masseter (MM) and temporalis anterior (TA) muscles in subjects with active myofascial trigger points in the MM muscles. The study group comprised 26 women (mean age 22 ± 2) with bilateral active myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the MM. The control group comprised 26 healthy women (mean age 22 ± 1) without the presence of MTrPs in the MM. Masticatory muscle activity was recorded in two conditions (during resting mandibular position and maximum voluntary clenching) before and after the application of the CT to the MTrPs in MM. After the CT application, a significant decrease in resting activity (3.09 μV vs. 2.37 μV, p = 0.006) and a significant increase in clenching activity (110.20 μV vs. 139.06 μV, p = 0.014) within the MM muscles were observed in the study group, which was not observed within TA muscles. Controls showed significantly higher active MMO values compared to the study group before CT (50.42 mm vs. 46.31 mm, p = 0.024). The differences between the study group after CT and controls, as well as among the study group before and after CT did not reach the assumed level of significance in terms of active MMO. The compression technique appears to be effective in the improvement of the active maximal mouth opening and gives significant acute effects on bioelectric masticatory muscle activity. Therefore, CT seems to be effective in MTrPs rehabilitation within the stomatognathic system.
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Miljkovic, Zivorad, Milan Zeljkovic, and Milos Anojcic. "Initial fatigue of masseter muscles during the maximal voluntary teeth contraction." Vojnosanitetski pregled 59, no. 1 (2002): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0201043m.
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Fatigue of striated muscles is defined as the impossibility to generate the expected or required force during the repeated contraction. During the maximal voluntary teeth contraction in the position of central occlusion the initial fatigue in masticatory muscles during the isometric contraction occurs. If a person can clench its teeth continuously and voluntarily it has a diagnostic significance since the peripheral fatigue is that important factor in the masticatory muscles activity, which is in direct correlation with the function of the masticatory system. The aim was to compare the obtained results of the initial fatigue of masseter muscles during the maximal voluntary teeth contraction in subjects with naturally healthy intact dentition and subjects with a pair of new full dentures. The investigation comprised 20 subjects with healthy stomatognathic system of the skeletal class I by Angle. Comparison of the values of the obtained results was performed electromyographically by synchronous registration of action potentials of masseter muscles. Results of the investigation of the onset of initial fatigue of masseter muscles in the subjects with natural healthy intact dentitions showed lower values, i.e., faster development of the muscular fatigue (31.5 s) compared to the subjects with a pair of new full dentures (44.5 s).
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Thomason, J. J., A. P. Russell, and M. Morgeli. "Forces of biting, body size, and masticatory muscle tension in the opossum Didelphis virginiana." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-047.
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Analyses of masticatory mechanics in the opossum have been used to infer how the ancestors of mammals acquired the ability to masticate food. The forces of biting are important characteristics of the masticatory apparatus, but few such data are available for the opossum. We maximally stimulated the jaw adducting muscles of ten opossums under anaesthesia and recorded the force output between the first molars. The data show some scatter, but significant regressions were obtained of peak force of biting on both body weight and skull length. These regressions give a means of predicting a range of maximal forces of biting for animals of known weight or, with less confidence, known skull length. For three individuals, body weight, stimulated forces, and peak forces of voluntary biting were recorded at intervals over a 6-month period. Regressions of force on weight for each of the three animals are not significantly different from the slope for all ten. Thus any ontogenetic component of variation in the data for all ten animals cannot be factored out. Maximum muscle stresses (tension per unit area) in the jaw adducting muscles were estimated from peak forces and the cross-sectional areas and moment arms of each muscle, measured after dissection. The average muscle stress of 317 kPa is well within the range of 147–392 kPa reported for other vertebrates. The dissection procedure is therefore validated as a means of estimating peak forces that may have acted in the masticatory system of museum specimens.
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Yuan, Falei, Xiaojie Lin, Yongjing Guan, Zhihao Mu, Kemin Chen, Yongting Wang, and Guo-Yuan Yang. "Collateral circulation prevents masticatory muscle impairment in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 6 (October 1, 2014): 1314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514016130.
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The rat suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is a frequently used animal model for investigating the mechanisms of ischemic brain injury. During suture MCAO, transection of the external carotid artery (ECA) potentially restrains blood flow and impairs masticatory muscle and other ECA-supported territories, consequently influencing post-operation animal survival. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of ECA transection on the hemodynamic alterations using a novel synchrotron radiation (SR) angiography technique and magnetic resonance imaging in live animals. Fifteen male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Animals underwent MCAO, in which the ECA was transected. SR angiography was performed before and after MCAO. Rats then underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect the tissue lesion both intra- and extra-cranially. Animals with SR angiography without other manipulations were used as control. High-resolution cerebrovascular morphology was analyzed using a novel technique of SR angiography. The masticatory muscle lesion was further examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. MRI and histological results showed that there was no masticatory muscle lesion at 1, 7 and 28 days following MCAO with ECA transection. In normal condition, the ECA and its branch external maxillary artery were clearly detected. Following ECA transection, the external maxillary artery was still observed and the blood supply appeared from the anastomotic branch from the pterygopalatine artery. SR angiography further revealed the inter-relationship of hemisphere extra- and intra-cranial vasculature in the rat following MCAO. Transection of the ECA did not impair masticatory muscles in rat suture MCAO. Interrupted blood flow could be compensated by the collateral circulation from the pterygopalatine artery.
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JIMÉNEZ, I. D. "Dental stability and maximal masticatory muscle activity." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 14, no. 6 (November 1987): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1987.tb00755.x.
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Dubova, Lyubov, Evgeniy Ozhigov, and Denis Nagiltsev. "COMPARISON OF BIOELECTRICAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH IMPLANT-SUPPORTED REMOVABLE OVERDENTURES DURING 12 MONTHS OF USE." Actual problems in dentistry 17, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-1-148-154.
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Subject. A comparative assessment of the state of the stomatognathic system on the example of the bioelectrical activity of temporal and masticatory muscles in patients who used removable implant-supported overdentures with bar fixation system, made by two different methods: traditional and using digital methods of treatment planning and manufacturing was carried out.
Objectives. To compare the changes of bioelectrical activity of temporal and masticatory muscles in patients with removable implant-supported overdentures made by two different methods: traditional and digital, who used dentures for a long time (12 months).
Methods. Bioelectrical activity and symmetry of temporal and masseter muscles were investigated clinically by surface electromyography. Electromyography was performed in five probes: Rest, Light CO, Natural Swallowing, Maximal Volitional Clench (MVC) and Clench on Cotton Rolls (MVCCR).
Results. In patients using overdentures produced in traditional way, no normal values of muscle activity were observed in any of the probes at the end of the study. In patients who used overdentures, made with the use of digital technologies, we noted a decrease of bioactivity of the muscles in the probes of Rest and Light CO, and an increase of biopotentials in the probes of MVC and MVCCR. The values obtained at the end of the study were characterized as normal or acceptable.
Conclusions. The application of a digital method of treatment planning and fabrication of removable implant-supported overdentures with a bar fixation system allows to achieve more physiological values of temporal and masticatory muscles biopotentials, which can be interpreted as recovery of the functional integrity of the stomatognathic system.
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Castelo, Paula Midori, Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião, Luciano José Pereira, and Leonardo Rigoldi Bonjardim. "Evaluation of Changes in Muscle Thickness, Bite Force and Facial Asymmetry during Early Treatment of Functional Posterior Crossbite." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 34, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.34.4.656rh557093373k4.
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Objective: To determine morphological and functional effects on masticatory system of early treatment of functional posterior crossbite in young children. Study design: 23 children were divided into two groups:deciduous (DecG, n=11) and early mixed dentition (MixG, n=12), which received slow maxillary expansion. Maximal bite force, ultrasonographic masticatory muscle thickness and facial asymmetry were evaluated in three stages: before the start of treatment (s1), after three months of retention (s2), and after three months of observation (s3). The results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation test, repeated measures ANOVA and backward stepwise multiple regression. Results. Bite force and temporalis thickness increased from s1 to s2 and s3 in both groups (p<0.05). Body mass index (BMI) increased significantly from s1 to s3 only in the MixG, but the masseter thickness did not differ among the stages. The correlation between the angle of the eye and the angle of the mouth in relation to the mid-sagital plane increased from s1 to s3. Masticatory muscle thickness contributed significantly to bite force magnitude in all stages, whereas age and BMI showed no significant contribution to its variation. Conclusion: Bite force and temporalis muscle thickness increased significantly in children after early treatment of functional crossbite.
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Petrovic, Djordje, Sanja Vujkov, Branislava Petronijevic, Ivan Sarcev, and Igor Stojanac. "Examination of the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles during Angle’s Class II division 2 therapy with an activator." Vojnosanitetski pregled 71, no. 12 (2014): 1116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp130901058p.
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Background/Aim. The muscles of the orofacial region have great influence on the development of dentition and occlusion formation. It is known that improper function of these muscles is one of the major etiological factors in malocclusion. A correlation between function disorders of orofacial muscle and occlusion disorders has been confirmed, as well as a correlation between the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles, recorded by electromyography, and bite force upon maximal voluntary contraction of these muscles. The aim of the study was to analyze the bioelectriacal activity of temporal and masseter muscles. Methods. The sample consisted of 100 subjects of both sexes, divided into the control group (n = 30) with neutral and complete dental arches, and the study group (n = 70) of patients with distal occlusion. Electromyographic measurement of bioelectric potentials in all the subjects was conducted for the examined muscles in the physiologic rest position, central mandible occlusion, and during maximal voluntary contraction of muscles and saliva swallowing, in Angle Class I and II/2 occlusal relation-ships, prior to treatment, after one year of the orthodontic treatment and after the treatment with an activator. Results. Comparing the values of thebioelectrical activity in the control and the study group before the treatment, a decreased muscle activity was established in all the three positions in the study group. After the first year of orthodontic treatment the results showed an elevation in the bioelectrical activity in both muscles. After treatment with an activator, the bioelectrical activity in both muscles in the study group was higher than before the treatment, as it is confirmed by a positive highly significant coefficient of correlation. Conclusion. In all the three measured positions of the mandible with Angle Class II/2 malocclusion, bioelectrical activity was lowest at baseline and increased during the first year of treatment, and at the end of the treatment it partially reduced close to the approximate values in normal occlusion. Research on electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles is useful in everyday clinical practice, especially in present distinctive skeletal discrepancy before, during and after orthodontic treatment, if on the bases of the results we can evaluate the treatment, but also determine the start and duration of the retention period and retention device type.
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Komuro, Akira, Toshifumi Morimoto, Koichi Iwata, Tomio Inoue, Yuji Masuda, Takafumi Kato, and Osamu Hidaka. "Putative Feed-Forward Control of Jaw-Closing Muscle Activity During Rhythmic Jaw Movements in the Anesthetized Rabbit." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 2834–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.6.2834.
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When a thin plastic test strip of various hardness is placed between the upper and lower teeth during rhythmical jaw movements induced by electrical stimulation of the cortical masticatory area (CMA) in anesthetized rabbits, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter muscle is facilitated in a hardness-dependent manner. This facilitatory masseteric response (FMR) often occurred prior to contact of the teeth to the strip, and thus preceded the onset of the masticatory force. Since this finding suggests involvement of a feed-forward mechanism in the induction of the FMR, the temporal relationship between the onset of the FMR and that of the masticatory force was analyzed in five sequential masticatory cycles after application of the strip. The FMR was found to precede the onset of masticatory force from the second masticatory cycle after application of the strip, but never did in the first cycle. This finding supports the concept of a feed-forward control mechanism that modulates FMR timing. Furthermore, the FMR preceding the force onset disappeared after making a lesion of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MesV) where the ganglion cells of the muscle spindle afferents from the jaw-closing muscles are located. In contrast, no such change occurred after blocking periodontal afferents by transection of both the maxillary and the inferior alveolar nerves. The putative feed-forward control of the FMR is therefore dependent mainly on sensory inputs from the muscle spindles, but little on those from the periodontal receptors, if any. We further examined the involvement of the CMA with the putative feed-forward control of the FMR via the transcortical loop. For this purpose, rhythmical jaw movements were induced by stimulation of the pyramidal tract. No significant change in the timing of the FMR occurred after the CMA ablation, which strongly suggests that the CMA is not involved in the putative feed-forward control of the FMR. The FMR was also noted to increase significantly in a hardness-dependent manner even after the MesV lesion, although the rate of increment decreased significantly. Contribution of muscle spindles and periodontal receptors to the hardness-dependent change of the FMR is discussed.
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Yuen, S. W. H., J. C. C. Hwang, and P. W. F. Poon. "EMG Power Spectrum Patterns of Anterior Temporal and Masseter Muscles in Children and Adults." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 5 (May 1989): 800–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680050901.
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The power spectrum of electromyograms (EMG) has been demonstrated to vary with muscles having different muscle fiber type compositions. This study investigated the variations in EMG power spectrum patterns of the masticatory muscles with age and gender by comparison of the mean power frequency (MPF) of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles in children and adults. Surface EMG signals were sampled bilaterally from the muscles when the subjects were performing maximum voluntary isometric clenches at maximal intercuspal position. The results indicated that MPF values were age-dependent (p<0.001), and sexual dimorphism was evident (p<0.001), with lower MPF values in male and adult muscles. While male adults had the lowest and female children had the highest MPF values, female adults had MPF values closer to values obtained from male children. These differences or similarities could be attributed to the degree of differentiation of the muscles during growth and development of the craniofacial morphology.
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Sánchez, G. A., D. Takara, A. F. Toma, and G. L. Alonso. "Characteristics of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-dependent ATPase from Masticatory Muscles." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 7 (July 2004): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300709.
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We compared the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-ATPase from masseter (M) and medial pterygoid (MP) muscles with that from fast muscles (FM) to examine whether its calcium transport capability and enzymatic activity are different. SR vesicles from FM, M, and MP muscles were obtained according to Champeil et al.(1985) . Assays for characterization of the enzyme properties were performed. The results showed similar optimal conditions for the Ca-ATPase activity and calcium transport in M, MP, and FM. However, the maximal values of calcium transport, Ca-ATPase activity, and Ki for thapsigargin were significantly lower in the masticatory muscles. These findings are likely related to different Ca-ATPase isoforms. Since the local anesthetics used in dentistry inhibit Ca-ATPase and calcium transport in FM, it will be important for the effects of these drugs on the Ca-ATPase of masticatory muscles to be assessed.
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Ashraf, Haifa. "To Determine the Influence of the Complete Denture Prosthesis on Masticatory Muscle Activity in Elderly Patients: An in vivo Study." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 1, no. 1 (2011): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1006.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Mastication is a highly coordinated neuromuscular function involving fast effective movements of the jaw and continuous modulation of force. In older subjects these mechanisms act with marked differences. They have a reduced capacity in various functions of stomatognathic system. Objectives To evaluate the elevator and depressor muscle activity with and without complete denture prosthesis. Materials and methods For the purpose of the study 12 patients between the age of 40 and 70 years were selected. Surface electrodes from the electromyographic unit were placed in the region of right and left anterior temporal muscles, Masseter muscle and depressor muscle at the region of anterior belly of digastric and the electromyographic activity was recorded. Results and discussion The obtained values were subjected to statistical analysis. A paired t- test was performed to determine the difference between the subjects with and without denture prosthesis. Conclusion The elevator muscles showed higher activity in subjects wearing the denture prosthesis when compared to those without denture prosthesis. No significant change in muscle activity was seen on maximal opening of the depressor muscle between the subjects with and without denture prosthesis.
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Spolaor, Fabiola, Martina Mason, Alberto De Stefani, Giovanni Bruno, Ottavia Surace, Annamaria Guiotto, Antonio Gracco, and Zimi Sawacha. "Effects of Rapid Palatal Expansion on Chewing Biomechanics in Children with Malocclusion: A Surface Electromyography Study." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072086.
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Malocclusion during childhood may affect both morphology and masticatory function and could greatly affect the subsequent growth and development of the jaws and face. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of surface electromyography in describing the effects of the rapid palatal expansion (RPE) on Masseter (M) and Temporalis Anterior (T) muscles’ activity in 53 children with different types of malocclusion: bilateral posterior crossbite (BPcb), underdeveloped maxillary complex without crossbite (NOcb) and unilateral posterior crossbite on the right (UPCBr) and on the left (UPCBl). The muscular activities during chewing tasks were assessed bilaterally before and after RPE application and three months after removal. Both the envelope’s peak (µV) and its occurrence (% of chewing task) were extracted from the surface electromyography signal. Our results showed the presence of statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) on temporomandibular joint muscles, across different assessments, in all the tested populations of subjects. Surface electromyography demonstrated a relationship between the correction of a maxillary transverse discrepancy and the restoration of a muscle’s activation patterns comparable to healthy subjects for both T and M.
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Branco, Thamyres, Ligia Franco Oliveira, Marcelo Palinkas, Paulo Batista de Vasconcelos, Maria Carolina Oliveira, Belinda Pinto Simões, Isabela Hallak Regalo, Selma Siéssere, and Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo. "Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy of the Subjects with Systemic Sclerosis: Electromyographic Results of the Masticatory Muscles." Prague Medical Report 121, no. 3 (2020): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2020.15.
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Musculoskeletal system impairment is a major cause of functional alterations in subjects with systemic sclerosis. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell therapy (AHSCT) may have an important role in the treatment functional of systemic sclerosis patients. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether AHSCT interferes with the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles of subjects with systemic sclerosis. Before transplantation, seven subjects with systemic sclerosis (mean age [± SD], 40.1 ± 9.6 years) underwent electromyographic analysis of the masseter and temporalis muscles in mandibular tasks at rest, right and left laterality, protrusion and maximum voluntary contraction. Two months after AHSCT, the subjects re-evaluated using the same methods. Data were analyzed using the repeated-measure test, with p<0.05 considered to be statistically significant. Two months after AHSCT, there was reduction in normalized electromyographic activity in the dental clenching in maximal voluntary contraction, with significant differences, for the left temporal muscle (p=0.04). AHSCT in subjects with systemic sclerosis promotes alterations in stomatognathic system function, especially those related to electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles.
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Wicks, Russell, David Cagna, and Robert Brandt. "Immediate Effect of Occlusal Errors on Masticatory Muscle Activity in Denture Wearers: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 1, no. 1 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1001.
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ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, little scientific progress has been made relative to occlusion in conventional complete dentures. Equal distribution of functional load throughout the residual denture foundation is likely an important factor in prosthesis stability and patient acceptance of dentures. A better understanding the relationship between denture occlusion and the physiologic behavior of muscles involved in mastication may prove beneficial in the clinical management of edentulism. The purpose of the present study was to determine the short-term immediate effects of unilateral and bilateral posterior occlusal interferences on masticatory muscle activity in edentulous patients treated with conventional complete dentures. Bilateral EMG activity of the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles was recorded in ten subjects at baseline, following introduction of unilateral posterior occlusal interferences, and following introduction of bilateral posterior interferences. During each experimental event, muscle activity was recorded bilaterally at maximal clench and the intended denture occlusion was electronically verified. Patients responded to questionnaires after each experimental intervention and following removal of occlusal interferences. Student's paired t-test was used to compare the data obtained (p = 0.05). Results indicate no significant difference in EMG values at baseline, after introduction of bilateral posterior interferences, after the introduction of unilateral right posterior interferences and after removal of the occlusal interference. In the group with unilateral left posterior occlusal interferences there was a significant reduction in the EMG activity of the left masseter. Analysis of questionnaires did not reveal any significant findings. Taken together, results suggest that there was no significant difference in the EMG values of the patient after the introduction of the posterior interferences. How to cite this article Ahuja S, Wicks R, Cagna D, Brandt R, Scarbecz M. Immediate Effect of Occlusal Errors on Masticatory Muscle Activity in Denture Wearers: A Pilot Study. Int J Exper Dent Sci, 2012;1(1):1-7.
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Palinkas, Marcelo, Mariangela Salles Pereira Nassar, Flávia Argentato Cecílio, Selma Siéssere, Marisa Semprini, João Paulo Machado-de-Sousa, Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak, and Simone Cecílio Hallak Regalo. "Age and gender influence on maximal bite force and masticatory muscles thickness." Archives of Oral Biology 55, no. 10 (October 2010): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.06.016.
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Flis, P. S., D. M. Kasyanenko, O. S. Vasilchuk, Yu V. Filimonov, Yu F. Brazhenko, O. V. Dyakova, and A. V. Povsheniuk. "EXPERIENCE TREATMENT OF DISTAL OCCLUSION WITH IMPAIRED FUNCTION OF MASTICATORY AND FACIAL MUSCLES BY REMOVABLE FUNCTIONAL MAXILLARY ORTHODONTIC ACTIVATOR." Likarska sprava, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2018): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.1-2.2018(24).
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Currently existing removable orthodontic appliances do not allow to provide the simultaneous treatment of distal occlusion and functional impairments of it. Thus aim of our research was to design and implement into practice the removable maxillary orthodontic activator which is able to treat the distal occlusion, control the tone of masticatory and facial muscles and restore the nasal breathing at the same time.
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Meijs, Suzan, Shaojun Liao, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Kelun Wang, and Brian E. Cairns. "The pro-algesic effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) injection into the masseter muscle of healthy men and women." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 20, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2019-0056.
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AbstractBackground and aimsPreclinical studies have reported that activation of peripheral γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors may result in analgesia. The current study was conducted in young healthy men (n = 30) and women (n = 28) to determine whether injections of GABA into the masseter muscle reduce pain in a sex-related manner.MethodsThe effect of injection of GABA alone, or in combination with the non-inflammatory algogen glutamate, was assessed in two separate studies. Lorazepam, a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA-receptor, was co-injected with GABA in both studies to explore the role of this receptor in muscle pain responses of healthy human volunteers. Masticatory muscle mechanical pain intensity was recorded on an electronic visual analogue scale (VAS) while muscle pain sensitivity was assessed by determining the pressure pain threshold (PPT), tolerance and maximal jaw opening (MJO) of the subjects prior to, and again after the various intramuscular injections.ResultsIntramuscular injection of GABA alone was reported to be significantly more painful, in a concentration related manner, than saline control injections, and this pain was further increased by co-injection of lorazepam with GABA. Co-injection of GABA with glutamate was found to significantly increase glutamate-evoked masseter muscle pain in men, but not in women. There was no effect of injections of either GABA alone, or GABA with glutamate, on PPT, tolerance or maximum jaw opening.ConclusionsInjection of GABA into the human masseter muscle appears to excite nociceptors to produce muscle pain without a longer term effect on mechanical pain sensitivity in the muscle. The findings suggest that GABA-mediated pain in humans is produced through peripheral GABAA receptor activation. The mechanism underlying the sex-related difference in the effect of GABA on glutamate-evoked muscle pain was speculated to be due to a methodological artifact.ImplicationsThis study was designed to detect analgesic rather than algesic effects of peripherally administered GABA, and as a result, the concentration of glutamate chosen for injection was close to the maximal pain response for healthy women, based on previously determined pain-concentration response relationships for glutamate. This may explain the finding of greater pain in men than women, when GABA and glutamate were co-injected. Overall, the findings suggest that activation of peripheral GABAA receptors in human masticatory muscle produces pain, possibly due to depolarization of the masticatory muscle afferent fibers.
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Makeev, V. F., U. D. Telyshevska, O. D. Telyshevska, and M. Yu Mykhailevych. "THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COSTEN’S SYNDROME IN DYSFUNCTIONAL CONDITIONS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.3.2020.06.
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Temporomandibular joint disease (TMJ) is one of the most pressing problems of modern dentistry, on the one hand, the frequency of pathology of the temporomandibular joint, and on the other hand - the complexity of diagnosis.
In the medical specialty "dentistry" there is no section where there would be as many debatable and unresolved issues as in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the temporomandibular joints.
Aim of the research. Based on the analysis of sources of scientific and medical information to determine the role and place of "Costen's syndrome" in the pathology of the temporomandibular joints.
Results and discussion
The term TMJ dysfunction has up to 20 synonyms: dysfunction, muscle imbalance, myofascial pain syndrome, musculoskeletal dysfunction, occlusal-articulation syndrome, cranio-mandibular TMJ dysfunction, neuromuscular and articular dysfunction.
Finally, in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint has taken its place under the code K0760 with the additional name "Costen's syndrome", which is given in parentheses under the same code.
Thus, such a diagnosis as "Costen's syndrome" is not excluded in the International Classification of Diseases.
The first clinical symptoms and signs of TMJ were systematized in 1934 by the American otorhinolaryngologist J. Costen and included in the special literature called "Costen's syndrome".
This syndrome includes: pain in the joint, which often radiates to the neck, ear, temple, nape; clicking, crunching, squeaking sound during movements of the lower jaw; trismus; hearing loss; dull pain inside and outside the ears, noise, congestion in the ears; pain and burning of the tongue; dizziness, headache on the side of the affected joint, facial pain on the type of trigeminal neuralgia. The author emphasized the great importance of pain and even singled out "mandibular neuralgia."
The criteria proposed by McNeill (McNeill C.) in 1997 are somewhat different from those described in ICD-10: pain in the masticatory muscles, TMJ, or in the ear area, which is aggravated by chewing; asymmetric movements of the lower jaw; pain that does not subside for at least 3 months.
The definition of the International Headache Society is similar in content.
Anatomical and topographic study of the corpse material suggested the presence of a structural connection between the TMJ and the middle ear. According to some data, in 68% of cases the wedge-shaped mandibular ligament reaches the scaly-tympanic fissure and the middle ear, and in 8% of cases it is attached to the hammer. In addition, several ways of spreading inflammatory mediators from the affected TMJ to the middle and inner ear, which causes otological symptoms, have been described.
It should be noted that there are certain prerequisites for the mutual influence of the structures of the cervical apparatus, middle and inner ear and upper cervical region at different levels: embryological, anatomical and physiological.
At the embryological level. It is confirmed that from the first gill arch develops the upper jaw, hammer and anvil, Meckel's cartilage of the lower jaw, masticatory muscles, the muscle that tenses the eardrum, the muscle that tenses the soft palate, the anterior abdomen of the digastric muscle, glands, as well as the maxillary artery and trigeminal nerve, the branches of which innervate most of these structures.
At the anatomical level. Nerve, muscle, joint and soft tissue structures of this region are located close enough and have a direct impact on each other. The location of the stony-tympanic cleft in the medial parts of the temporomandibular fossa is important for the development of pain dysfunction.
At the physiological level. A child who begins to hold the head, the functional activity of the extensors and flexors of the neck gradually increases synchronously with the muscles of the floor of the mouth and masticatory muscles, combining their activity around the virtual axis of the paired temporomandibular joint.
In addition, the location of the caudal spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, which is involved in the innervation of the structures of the ear, temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles at the level of the cervical segments C1-C3 creates the possibility of switching afferent impulses from the trigeminal nerve to the upper cervical system. Innervate the outer ear, neck muscles and skin of the neck and head. Also important are the internuclear connections in the brainstem, which switch signals between the vestibular and trigeminal nuclei.
That is why the approach to the treatment of this pathology should be only comprehensive, including clinical assessment of the disease not only by a dentist or maxillofacial surgeon, but also a neurologist, otorhinolaryngologist, chiropractor, psychotherapist with appropriate diagnostic methods and joint management of the patient.
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Filan, SL. "Myology of the Head and Neck of the Bandicoot (Marsupialia, Peramelemorphia)." Australian Journal of Zoology 38, no. 6 (1990): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9900617.
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The facial, masticatory, and neck musculature of Echymipera ('Peroryctidae'), Isoodon (Peramelidae), and Macrotis (Thylacomyidae) is detailed and figured, as are skull attachments of the described muscles. Each bandicoot family is myologically distinct, and all show greater differentiation of muscles than didelphids or dasyurids, especially in the neck. The mandibulo-auricularis has two bellies in Isoodon and fans out underneath the platysma in Macrotis, in contrast to the simple condition in didelphids, dasyurids, and Echymipera. The maxillo-naso-labialis extends furthest posterior in Echymipera, but is generally more differentiated in bandicoots than in dasyurids and Trichosurus. An omo-trachelien dorsalis is present in didelphids, dasyurids, Trichosurus and Macrotis, but absent in Isoodon and Echymipera. All three bandicoots have a styloglossus, which is not present in didelphids and dasyurids, and a differentiated temporalis pars zygomaticus.
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Nikolaev, Andrey V., and Sergey A. Popov. "Standartized indicators of masticatory muscles functional activity for patients with transversal intermaxillary anomalies." HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov201911455-58.
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The study involved patients with a normal intermaxillary ratio and with a transversal maxillary deficiency. The age of the patients varied between 25 and 40 years. In all the examined patients, orthodontic treatment had not been previously performed. The group of patients with transversal anomalies involved 45 clinical cases, the group of patients with neutral occlusion involved 42 cases. Superficial electromyographic research was carried out according to the method of Professor V.F. Ferrario. The comparison of the functional activity parameters of the maxillofacial region using standardized coefficients of surface electromyography revealedsignifica abnormal indicators in the patients with transversal anomalies compared to the patients with neutral occlusion. This fact must be taken into account when planning orthodontic treatment.
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Regalo, SimoneC H., CássioE Sverzut, Karinna Martorelli, Roberto Jabur, AliceD Petri, AlexandreE Trivellato, and Selma Siéssere. "Effect of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion on masticatory muscle activity: A pilot study." Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 1, no. 1 (2011): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0746.83152.
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ABEKURA, H., H. KOTANI, H. TOKUYAMA, and T. HAMADA. "Effects of occlusal splints on the asymmetry of masticatory muscle activity during maximal clenching." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 22, no. 10 (October 1995): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb00218.x.
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Masuda, Y., T. Morimoto, O. Hidaka, T. Kato, R. Matsuo, T. Inoue, M. Kobayashi, and A. Taylor. "Modulation of Jaw Muscle Spindle Discharge During Mastication in the Rabbit." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 2227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2227.
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Masuda, Y., T. Morimoto, O. Hidaka, T. Kato, R. Matsuo, T. Inoue, M. Kobayashi, and A. Taylor. Modulation of jaw muscle spindle discharge during mastication in the rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2227–2231, 1997. Discharges of jaw muscle spindles were recorded during chewing carrot from mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Mes V) in the awake rabbit to evaluate contribution of the muscle spindles to the development of complete sequences of masticatory movements. The Mes V spindle units were divided into two types according to the maximum firing rates during mastication, with a dividing line at 200 Hz; high-frequency units and low-frequency units. Although both types of units fired maximally during the jaw-opening phase of chewing cycles, their firing rates and pattern varied according to three sequential stages of mastication (stages I, IIa, and IIb). The high-frequency units often increased firing before the start of mastication and built up firing in the first few chewing cycles. Their maximal firing rate was sometimes lower during stage IIa (chewing stage) than during stage I (ingestion stage) and stage IIb (preswallowing stage), although the jaw movements were greater in stage IIa than in other stages. The phase relationship of the firing to a jaw movement cycle in stage IIa was consistent in individual units. The low-frequency units did not build up activity before the onset of movements. They fired mostly during the jaw-opening phase, but the peak of firing did not necessarily coincide with the time of maximal opening. It was concluded that the difference in the firing pattern among masticatory stages may be ascribed to a stage-dependent modulation of both fusimotor activity and jaw movement pattern.
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Iordanishvili, A. K. "Gerontostomatology: from science to clinical medicine (survey)." Endodontics Today 18, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2020-18-3-71-77.
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Aim of the study was, based on the analysis of dissertation research prepared in scientific laboratories and departments of the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, to present the contribution of the staff of this Institute to the development of modern gerontostomatology. Dissertation research carried out within the walls of the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology in the field of gerontostomatology touched on the pathology of hard tissues and pulp of teeth, rehabilitation in case of tooth loss, periodontal diseases, oral mucosa, injuries and inflammatory diseases of the jaws and peri-maxillary soft tissues, as well as pathology temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles in elderly and senile people.
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Arioğlu, Ender Ege, and Rory Molloy. "A comparative approach to treatment methods for myofacial pain and internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint." Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 8, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v8i1.52.
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The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the site of articulation between the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and condylar head of the mandible. The TMJ is a synovial joint that has a cartilaginous disc between two articular surfaces. It can perform rotation and translation. A group of muscles (primarily masseter, temporalis and pterygoids) and ligaments are involved in jaw movement. The group of disorders that encompasses dysfunction of these structures is called “temporomandibular disorders (TMD)”. This research primarily focuses on myofacial pain, dysfunction and internal derangement of the TMJ (anterior disc displacement (ADD) with and without reduction). Treatments include conservative and invasive interventions. Conservative treatment consists of behavioural/psychosocial therapy, physiotherapy, pain management, occlusal splint therapy, low-level laser therapy and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation therapy. Conservative treatment provides very effective results for pain relief and signifi cant improvement of jaw function, however follow-up periods in studies were short-term (not more than three months). Continuous improvement was observed in occlusal splint therapy as it leads to sustained behavioural change, helpful in alleviating pain by reducing stress put on the masticatory muscles and correcting jaw function. Exercise and physiotherapy have also resulted in considerable pain reduction and restoration of jaw function. Evidence showed that botulinum-toxin type A provided an immediate alleviation of pain effective for 3 months, however decreased maximal incisal opening as its mechanism of action is inhibiting muscle activity.
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Esposto, Danilo Stefani, Marcelo Palinkas, Ligia Maria Napolitano Gonçalves, Paulo Batista de Vasconcelos, Vânia Tie Koga Ferreira, Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro, Selma Siéssere, and Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo. "Effect of Breast Cancer Treatment on the Stomatognathic System." Brazilian Dental Journal 29, no. 4 (August 2018): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801791.
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Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in the world and provides functional changes in the human body. Evaluate women submitted to unilateral mastectomy, through electromyographic activity (mandibular rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, maximum voluntary contraction with and without Parafilm, habitual and non-habitual mastication) and thickness (rest and maximum voluntary contraction) of the right temporal muscle (RT), left temporal (LT), right masseter (RM) and left masseter (LM), also the molar bite force (right and left) and compare the data with healthy women. Material and Methods: 32 women were divided into two groups: unilateral mastectomy group (MG), average ± standard deviation 56.50±14.50 years (n=16) and without the disease group (CG), average ± standard deviation 56.56±14.15 years (n=16). The normalized electromyographic data, muscle thickness and maximal molar bite force were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis (SPSS 21.0; student t test, p≤0.05). Significant statistical differences between MG and CG were found in right laterality, for RM (p=0.02); left laterality, for LT (p=0.01); chewing with peanuts, for RM (p=0.04); chewing with raisins, for LM (p=0.04) and right molar bite force (p=0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between MG and CG for muscle thickness. The results of this study suggest that women undergoing unilateral mastectomy may present functional changes, with emphasis on muscular hyperactivity, lower masticatory efficiency and lower maxillary bite force.
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Sakima, Toru. "Control Ability to Coordination Pattern of Masticatory Muscle Activities during Maximal Clenching in Centric Occlusal Position." JOURNAL OF THE STOMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY,JAPAN 62, no. 4 (1995): 551–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5357/koubyou.62.551.
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Faria, Natália Spadini de, Celso Bernardo de Souza Filho, Delsa Deise Maccketti Kanaan, Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa, and Érica Alves Gomes. "Prosthetic rehabilitation in a patient with Singleton Merten syndrome and acrylic resin hypersensitivity." RSBO 1, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v1i2.414.
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Singleton Merten Syndrome is a rare disease characterized by the presence of the dental dysplasia phenotype, calcifications in the aorta, progressive wear and loss of bone protein (osteoporosis) in the hands and feet. Patients have muscle weakness, poor motor development, abnormal dentition, deformities of thefeet and hands, and skin lesions. Objective: This report describes the maxillomandibular rehabilitation of a patient with Singleton Merten Syndrome and an allergic reaction to the acrylic resin through maxillary overdenture and mandibular partial removable denture. Case report: Female patient, 18 years old, with clinical characteristics of Singleton Merten Syndrome and allergic reaction to acrylic resin, with complaints of loss of function and esthetics dueto the absence of several teeth, but with the presence of unerupted maxillary and mandibular tooth buds. Maxillary overdenture and mandibular removable partial denture were made of polyethylene. Conclusion: The rehabilitation treatment with maxillary overdenture and mandibular partial removable denture provided better facial muscle support, restoring masticatory function and facial esthetics. With this treatment, it was possible to reestablish patient’s satisfactionand self-esteem due to the correct construction of the prostheses, and minimize hypersensitivity reactions in the oral mucosa, which allowed the use of these prostheses by the patient without any complications.
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Natália Spadini de Faria, Celso Bernardo de Souza Filho, Delsa Deise Maccketti Kanaan, Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa1, and Érica Alves Gomes. "Prosthetic rehabilitation in a patient with Singleton Merten syndrome and acrylic resin hypersensitivity." RSBO 14, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 124–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v14i2.651.
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Singleton Merten Syndrome is a rare disease characterized by the presence of the dental dysplasia phenotype, calcifications in the aorta, progressive wear and loss of bone protein (osteoporosis) in the hands and feet. Patients have muscle weakness, poor motor development, abnormal dentition, deformities of the feet and hands, and skin lesions. Objective: This report describes the maxillomandibular rehabilitation of a patient with Singleton Merten Syndrome and an allergic reaction to the acrylic resin through maxillary overdenture and mandibular partial removable denture. Case report: Female patient, 18 years old, with clinical characteristics of Singleton Merten Syndrome and allergic reaction to acrylic resin, with complaints of loss of function and esthetics due to the absence of several teeth, but with the presence of unerupted maxillary and mandibular tooth buds. Maxillary overdenture and mandibular removable partial denture were made of polyethylene. Conclusion: The rehabilitation treatment with maxillary overdenture and mandibular partial removable denture provided better facial muscle support, restoring masticatory function and facial esthetics. With this treatment, it was possible to reestablish patient’s satisfaction and self-esteem due to the correct construction of the prostheses, and minimize hypersensitivity reactions in the oral mucosa, which allowed the use of these prostheses by the patient without any complications.
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Michelotti, Ambrosina, Roberto Rongo, Roberta Valentino, Vincenzo D’Antò, Rosaria Bucci, Gianluca Danzi, and Iacopo Cioffi. "Evaluation of masticatory muscle activity in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite before and after rapid maxillary expansion." European Journal of Orthodontics 41, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy019.
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Ferrario, Virgilio F., Chiarella Sforza, Graziano Serrao, Anna Colombo, and Johannes H. Schmitz. "The Effects of a Single Intercuspal Interference on Electromyographic Characteristics of Human Masticatory Muscles During Maximal Voluntary Teeth Clenching." CRANIO® 17, no. 3 (July 1999): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08869634.1999.11746093.
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Lucas, B. de L., T. de S. Barbosa, L. J. Pereira, M. B. D. Gavião, and P. M. Castelo. "Electromyographic evaluation of masticatory muscles at rest and maximal intercuspal positions of the mandible in children with sleep bruxism." European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 15, no. 4 (March 6, 2014): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40368-014-0111-6.
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ABEKURA, H., H. KOTANI, H. TOKUYAMA, and T. HAMADA. "Asymmetry of masticatory muscle activity during intercuspal maximal clenching in healthy subjects and subjects with stomatognathic dysfunction syndrome." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 22, no. 9 (September 1995): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb01069.x.
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Germani, Ross M., Islam Herzallah, and Roy R. Casiano. "Endoscopic Transnasal Study of the Infratemporal Fossa." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P76—P77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.246.
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Objective 1)Introducing a new endoscopic orientation to the medial portion of the infratemporal fossa (ITF) which is not infrequently involved in sinonasal and related skull base pathologies. 2) Describing the anatomical details and measurement variations of some key ITF landmarks from the unique transnasal endoscopic perspective. Methods Using an extended endoscopic approach, the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae were dissected in 10 sides of 5 adult cadaver heads. After an extended transethmoid and transmaxillary approach, a plane of dissection along the pterygoid base and the infratemporal surface of the greater sphenoid wing was developed. The related masticatory muscles were dissected through the endoscopic approach. High quality images have been produced by coupling the video camera to a digital recording system. Results The foramen rotundum, ovale and spinosum were identified and new landmarks were described from the surgical endoscopic point of view. The sphenomandibularis muscle, recently named in anatomic literature, was also highlighted. Along with various neurovascular structures, the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve as well as the middle meningeal artery were identified. Columellar measurements to the foramen rotundum and ovale ranged from 6.1 to 8.0 cm for the former and 7.0 to 9.1 cm for the latter, with a mean of 6.75 cm and 7.78 cm respectively. Conclusions The current study provides a novel endo-scopic orientation to the medial ITF. Such knowledge should provide an anatomic basis for experienced surgeons to endo-scopically address this complex region with more safety and efficacy.
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Nadgere, Jyoti B., Saili Mohan Chandavarkar, and Sandeep Gurav. "Attachments: A Boon for Hemimandibulectomy Patients." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 3, no. 3 (2013): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1058.
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ABSTRACT Discontinuity defects in the mandible cause various ill effects like imbalance in the muscles of the lower face, facial disfigurement, restriction of tongue causing alteration of speech and altered salivation. It leads to decreased mandibular function by deviation of the residual segment toward the surgical side and affects masticatory function adversely. Postoperative care and prosthodontic rehabilitation required in hemimandibulectomy patients is interdisciplinary including surgical management, prosthodontic treatment, speech therapy, oral physiotherapy and psychologic care. It is difficult to provide a functional, retentive and stable prosthesis to such patients. In the described case report, a hemimandibulectomy patient was successfully rehabilitated by providing maxillary and mandibular overdentures with intraradicular ball attachments on natural teeth. This treatment option was a simple, convenient and economical method of enhancing denture retention and stability; and providing security and comfort to the patient. How to cite this article Chandavarkar SM, Ram SM, Gurav S, Nadgere JB, Shah N. Attachments: A Boon for Hemimandibulectomy Patients. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):159-164.
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Michelotti, Ambrosina, Roberto Rongo, Roberta Valentino, Vincenzo D’Antò, Rosaria Bucci, Gianluca Danzi, and Iacopo Cioffi. "Erratum to: Evaluation of masticatory muscle activity in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite before and after rapid maxillary expansion." European Journal of Orthodontics 41, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy054.
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Rostom, Doaa, Ahmed Fayyad, and Aliaa Tawfeek. "Effect of Different Denture Base Materials on the Masticatory Muscle Performance in Patients Wearing Single Maxillary Complete Denture: A Cross-over Study." Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/adjg.2020.25346.1240.
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Lorber, Mortimer. "Results of simulated mastication suggest existence of a periodontogastric motility reflex." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 78, no. 1 (December 22, 1999): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y99-110.
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Various reflexes inhibit gastric motor activity. Might a contrary one permit the oral region to increase gastric motility? Ten fasted rats were allowed to feed for 15 min. Following anesthesia and cannula insertion, antral pressure was recorded during three consecutive 5-min intervals: the baseline, procedure, and postprocedure periods. The procedure involved manually lowering and raising the mandible about once per second, causing repetitive molar occlusion. Doing this when food is in the stomach resembles conditions as the latter part of a meal is consumed. Gastric motor events increased from 1.10 ± 1.67 (mean ± SD) to 5.50 ± 4.12 per 5 min during the procedure (p < 0.05) and 5.80 ± 3.97 in the ensuing period (p < 0.05). The findings suggest an excitatory reflex following stimulation of mechanoreceptors in one or more sites related to mastication: the periodontium, temporomandibular joints, or masticatory muscles. Because rubbing the maxillary molars while the mouth remained constantly open also increased motor events, the periodontium is the most likely location of the receptors. They and associated trigeminal neurons would comprise the reflex's afferent arm. The vagi, perhaps with intermediaries, are its likely efferent arm. In these recently fed rats this reflex acts despite receptive relaxation and enterogastric reflexes to increase distal gastric motor activity.Key words: gastrointestinal motility, mastication, periodontal ligament.
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Thomason, J. J. "Cranial strength in relation to estimated biting forces in some mammals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 2326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-327.
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The mammalian skull has proven to be remarkably plastic during ontogeny and phylogeny in response to the demands of mastication. I examine whether the bending strength of the skull in some mammals correlates with the maximal loads imposed through the masticatory apparatus. The approach is analytical, using the methods of beam theory. Cranial strength is estimated from the second moment of area and other geometrical measurements made from 20–30 transverse CT scans through the skulls of 20 opossums (Didelphis virginiana), and through single skulls of five felid and five canid genera of different sizes. Maximal biting forces were first estimated from areas on the dried skulls bounding the spaces filled in life by the jaw-adducting muscles. These estimates were then adjusted with reference to forces recorded in vivo or, for other specimens, to estimates based on dissections of the jaw muscles. Stress distribution in the face, and peak stresses, were calculated for each animal. Stress levels are low (5–35 MPa) compared with peak stresses in limb bones (40–100 MPa), which correlates with the lower in vivo strains in cranial bones reported in the literature. Stress estimates are in a range that is plausible, which supports the validity of the procedure. Patterns of stress distribution along the face are comparable within each group of animals. Peak stress is independent of size for the carnivorans, but decreases with increasing skull length in D. virginiana. High bending strength of the skull is a consequence of cranial form in mammals; having to enclose the brain, for example, increases the bending strength of the skull. Furthermore, factors such as stiffness or shear and torsional strength may be more important than bending strength. However, bending stress levels appear to be closely regulated, as in other bones that have been studied. The threshold for optimising bending strength and weight is simply at a different level.
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Flis, P. S., M. A. Omelchuk, N. V. Rashchenko, and A. V. Tsyzh. "PECULIARITIES OF USING ORTHODONTIC ACTIVATORS FOR DISTAL BITE AND APPLICATION OF RETENTION APPARATUS TO RETAIN RESULTS." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.2.2020.6.
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Relevance. Distal occlusion is accompanied by certain morphological, functional, and aesthetic changes, in which there are disorders of external respiration, speech disorders, dysfunction of chewing, and swallowing. Today the problem of treatment of occlusion anomalies is not completely solved. The presence of errors and complications in the treatment of distal occlusion, the presence of recurrence of the disease in the form of a double occlusion, which necessitates repeated, and often unsuccessful treatment, indicates that the problem is still far from its final solution.
Objective: to investigate the effectiveness of the use of orthodontic activators for the treatment of distal occlusion and retention devices to maintain the results of treatment.
Materials and methods. 126 children aged 9-12 years with distal occlusion are divided into 2 groups. Group I (n=63) – children with distal occlusion and physiological type of respiration; Group II (n=63) – children with distal occlusion and pathological (oral) type of breathing. Conducted clinical, myographic, and anthropometric studies. All patients were treated by wearing a removable functional two-jaw orthodontic activator for at least 16 hours a day, with mandatory use during sleep, for 6 months. In addition to this hardware method of treatment, preventive measures were prescribed: myogymnastic and breathing exercises. The correction of the orthodontic activator was performed once a month. A control electromyographic study to determine the effectiveness of treatment was performed 3 months after the start of treatment (selectively, in some patients - also in the sixth month of treatment). Nylon floss, to keep the teeth in the achieved position.
Results. The study of the designs of retention devices and comparison of their effectiveness showed that after active orthodontic treatment the most effective retention can be achieved by using a retainer made of flex wire and nylon thread impregnated with liquid photopolymer. The most optimal way to fix the fixed retention apparatus was as follows: complete completion of the active period of treatment; control of fissure-tubercle contact; professional teeth cleaning; conducting X-ray control to identify the position of the roots of the teeth; production of gypsum models and their fixation in the occluder; detection of contact points of the frontal group of teeth; detection of the location of the retainer in the oral cavity; making a retainer indirectly; fixation of the retention apparatus in the oral cavity. Our proposed method of manufacturing and fixing non-removable retainers with the use of nylon thread allows us to achieve reliable long-term retention of the achieved positive results after active orthodontic treatment.
Analysis of the study data of children aged 9-12 years with distal occlusion and pathological (oral) type of respiration compared with the control group showed an increase in all measured EMG parameters for the temporalis muscles (in the range of 16-31.1±3.12%) and reduction - for the actual masticatory and circular muscles of the mouth (in the range of 17.0-29.8±3.09% and 16.8-35.9%, respectively). The total deviation of the values of the obtained indicators from the normative ranges from 16.0 to 35.9 ±2.56%. These abnormalities can be seen as a manifestation of the formation of a pathological muscle reaction, accompanied by negative changes in the appearance of the patient.
The design of a removable functionally acting two maxillary orthodontic activators for simultaneous treatment of distal occlusion and dysfunction of masticatory and facial muscles in children with physiological and pathological types of respiration has been developed. It consists of a monoblock and a vestibular plate, monolithically connected to each other.
Conclusions. In patients with distal occlusion, treatment with a removable functional two-jaw orthodontic activator helps to restore myodynamic balance in the dental system, resulting in improved patient facial expression, self-esteem, and quality of life. Wearing non-removable retainers with the use of nylon thread allows us to achieve reliable long-term retention of the achieved positive results after active orthodontic treatment.
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Agbaje, Jimoh, Jonathan Luyten, and Constantinus Politis. "Pain Complaints in Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery." Pain Research and Management 2018 (July 15, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4235025.
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The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the frequency of orofacial (nonodontogenic, neuropathic, or atypical) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscle pain in orthognathic patients in a tertiary institution. A total of 286 consecutive patients undergoing sagittal split osteotomy from 2014 to 2016 were included. Thirty-nine (13.6%) patients presented with TMJ pain and 10 (3.5%) with orofacial nonodontogenic pain before orthognathic surgery; 79.6% (39/49) of these patients had no pain 1 year after surgery. Twenty-nine patients (12.2%) with no preoperative orofacial pain and 22 (9.3%) without preoperative TMJ pain presented with pain 1 year after surgery. Fifty-one (17.8%) of the 286 patients treated for orthognathic cases at our center over the 3-year period presented with pain 1 year after surgery. Most patients were managed conservatively with nonsurgical therapeutic modalities including counseling, physical therapy, warmth application, and bilateral chewing and splint therapy. In patients with TMJ pain refractory to conservative treatment, arthroscopic surgery was advised and successful in all patients for both pain reduction and improvement of the maximal interincisal opening. TMJ symptoms do develop after orthognathic surgery in patients with and without a previous history of TMJ complaints. Most patients can be managed with nonsurgical therapeutic modalities.