Journal articles on the topic 'Maxims of conversation'

In language studies, there is a study of the use of language which is intended as an effort to guide conversation participants to be able to carry out cooperative conversations, namely pragmatic studies, especially in the part of the principle of cooperation. Grice divides four maxims which establish the principle of cooperation. The four maxims are the maxims of Quality, quantity, relationships, and ways. The object of the study in this analysis is the comedy Extravaganza program "Love in the Restaurant" which aired on Trans TV. From the results of the analysis using cooperative principles, conversational data were obtained which showed the existence of quality maxims (Maxime der Qualität) in 4 conversations, 3 conversations violating maxims and 1 not violating maxims. Whereas for the maximum quantity (Maxime der Quantität) there are 12 conversations, 2 of which violate maxims and 10 do not violate maxims. Furthermore, for the maximal relevance (Maxime der Relevanz) data obtained as many as 3 conversations and all are declared relevant / not violating the maxim. Whereas for the maximal means (Maxime der Modalität) there were 2 conversations, 1 conversation showed a violation of maxims and the remaining 1 did not show violations of maxims.

This research is focused on analyzing flouting and hedging of conversational maxim of utterances used by the main characters in “Post Grad” movie. Conversational maxims are the rules of cooperative principle categorized into four categories; Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Relevance, and Maxim of Manner. If these maxims are used in conversations, the conversations can go smoothly. However, people often break the maxims overtly (flouting maxim) and sometimes break the maxims secretly (hedging maxims) when they make a conversation. This research is conducted using descriptive qualitative method based on the theory known as Grice’s Maxims. The data are in form of utterances used by the characters in “Post Grad” movie. The data analysis reveals some finding covering the formulated research question. The maxims are flouted when the speaker breaks some conversational maxims when using the utterances in the form of rhetorical strategies, such as tautology, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, and rhetorical question. On the other hand, conversational maxims are also hedged when the information is not totally accurate or unclearly stated but seems informative, well-founded, and relevant.Keywords: Descriptive analysis ; flouting maxims; hedging maxims; Post Grad movie.

This research is focused on analyzing flouting and hedging of conversational maxim of utterances used by the main characters in “Post Grad” movie. Conversational maxims are the rules of cooperative principle categorized into four categories; Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Relevance, and Maxim of Manner. If these maxims are used in conversations, the conversations can go smoothly. However, people often break the maxims overtly (flouting maxim) and sometimes break the maxims secretly (hedging maxims) when they make a conversation. This research is conducted using descriptive qualitative method based on the theory known as Grice’s Maxims. The data are in form of utterances used by the characters in “Post Grad” movie. The data analysis reveals some finding covering the formulated research question. The maxims are flouted when the speaker breaks some conversational maxims when using the utterances in the form of rhetorical strategies, such as tautology, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, and rhetorical question. On the other hand, conversational maxims are also hedged when the information is not totally accurate or unclearly stated but seems informative, well-founded, and relevant.Keywords: Descriptive analysis ; flouting maxims; hedging maxims; Post Grad movie.

This study focuses to analise the flouting of conversational maxims which are found in Moana movie. The study uses mix method. There are four of maxims can be revealed. The first is maxim relevance. The reasons of maxim relevance are:“The Maui’s responses do not appropriate to Moana’s statements” and “Moana’s response does not appropriate to Maui’s statement”. The second is maxim manner.The reason of maxim manner are: “Moana’s statements do not clear”, “Maui’s response does not appropriate to Moana’s statement”, and “Maui’s statement does not clear”. The third is maxim quantity. The reasons of maxim quantity are: "The Maui’s responses do not appropriate to Moana’s statements”, “Moana’s responses do not appropriate to Maui’s statement”, “Maui’s statement is flouting the maxim”, and “Moana’s steatment is flouting the maxim”. The forth is maxim quality. The reason is “Maui’s responses contain lies”. that among 4 types of maxim in conversation between the main character, Moana and Maui in Moana movie, the maxim of relevance was the most identifiable type. 16 conversations cover 38,1%. The second is the maxim quantity. 14 conversations cover 33,3%. The third is the maxim manner. 10 conversation or covers 23,8%. The maxim quality gets 2 conversations and covers 4,8%. The conclusions are the conversation related to ask to do something, be success in doing something, give surprise and do not want something bad happened to the friend.Keywords: Conversational Maxims, Flouting Maxims, Movie

The study focuses on the flouting of conversational maxims in one of the traditional markets in Kediri. This study focuses on the types of flouted maxims, and the situations where the flouted maxims cause misunderstanding between the sellers and the buyers in the trade of interaction. This research is conducted by using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data are utterances between sellers and buyers. The theory which the writer used is based on the theory of Cooperative Principles, proposed by Grice (1975), which establishes four maxims, those are the maxim of quality, the maxim of quantity, the maxim of relation and maxim of manner. The data is collected by recording the conversation in the trade transaction. The data is also collected by noting the conversation and transcript it. The finding shows that there are many flouted maxims found in interaction practices between the seller and buyer. The writer’s analysis show that all kinds of maxims are flouted mostly buy the seller. Those are maxim of quantity, maxima of quality, maxims of relevance and maxim of manner. Thus, it may happen because between the seller and the buyer do not fulfil the rules of cooperative principles. The writer concludes there are some condition which make the participants in the trade interaction have to flout the maxims. Due to the fact that the conversation still run well without any misunderstanding.

In their daily activities, people will need to interact with other people. In this interaction, people use language as a means of communication. A conversation, as a way of people doing communication, can only take place by the presence of both speakers and hearers under a particular circumstance. As one of the pragmatic aspects, cooperative principle becomes something that should be noticed in a conversation. Grice (1975) said that the conversation will run well if both of the speaker and hearer obey the rules of conversation which he arranged into four conversational maxims, namely Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Relevance, and Maxim of Manner. For Islamic followers, these conversational rules, however, have long time been known well since Islam has ruled its people to treat other people well in all aspects, not to mention in speaking. This present article will see how Grice’s conversational maxims, which were proposed in 1975, are in line with the Islamic conversational rules which were mentioned in Quran and hadith long time ago, since 600s. It means that this broadly-known pragmatic theory is not something new in Islam. It is also to prove that Islam, to some extent, is the source of knowledge and value which are often developed further by western scholars. Keywords: pragmatics, Grice’s conversational maxims, Islamic conversational rules

This research were aimed at finding out what factors that cause the violation of Gricean maxims and which one of Gricean maxims that is often violated in daily conversation of EZC students of FPBS IKIP MATARAM. There were 15 active EZC students were taken as subject of the study. In deciding samples, purposive sampling technique was used. The samples were 4 male students and 5 female students. In the data analysis, descriptive qualitative method was used. For collecting data, there were 2 techniques used: observation and interview. After the data were collected, the recorded conversations (the length of each conversation is about 5 until 10 minutes) were sorted and translated. The result showed that the maxims violated were maxim of quantity (30 times), maxim of quality (20 times), maxim of manner (10) and maxim of relevance (5 times). The reason for violating the maxims approved to be caused by cultural factor and social distance factor. In conclusion, the maxim that dominantly being violated was maxim of quantity.

This study aims to analyze the structure and the type of speech acts, as well as the maxims of conversation in ten adverstisement spots, aired by LPPL Public Radio of Denpasar City. Data were collected through observation, recording and note-taking. I analyzed the data qualitatively with an inductive technique. Results indicated that there were three conversation structure models srealized in the conversation broadcast on the Public Service Advertisement by LPPL Public Radio. Negative speech acts were found in nine of the advertisement spots. Quality and quantity maxims were found in nine advertisement spots too; maxim of relevance and manner were found in ten advertisement spots. The models of turn talking, adjacency pair and overall organization using positive speech acts and maxims of quality, quantity, relation and manner were required for the conversation in the advertisement. Maxim of manner plays a crucial important role in the delivery of messages. There are significant correlations of the topic with the maxims realized. These comprise turn talking model requiring positive speech acts in the maxim of quality and maxim of relevance and the adjacency pair model requiring positive speech acts that always correlate with the maxim of quantity. The overall organization model calls for positive speech acts in the conversations with maxim of manner. The negative speech acts in the conversation can use the turn talking, adjacency pair or overall organization model and can correlate with the maxim of manners.

This study was intended to investigate, describe and explain how conversational maxims are observed by the Front Office staff at restaurants in Ubud when they handle table reservation and what types of non-observance are committed by the Front Office staff in observing conversational maxims. The subjects were the Front Office staff at restaurants in Ubud district. The data for this naturalistic qualitative study were collected through observation and audio-recording which were then analyzed by using Paul Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle theory. In this research, there were 30 conversations of taking table reservation via telephone which were conducted by the front office staff at restaurants in Ubud sub-district when they handle table reservation. Generally, both male and female front office staff produced more observance of maxims than non-observance of maxims. The highest frequency of observance and non-observance of Gricean maxims produced by male front office staff was maxim of quantity (100%), then followed by flouting of maxims (62.5%), and infringing maxims (25%). The highest frequency of observance and non-observance of Gricean maxims produced by female front office staff was maxim of quantity (100%), then followed by flouting of maxims (68.1%), and infringing of maxims (9.0%). Moreover, there was no opting out of maxims and suspending of maxims occurred in the conversation. The utterances were obtained from 30 data in restaurant setting. In general, both male and female front office staff produced more observance of maxims than non-observance of maxims.

The current study is an attempt to measure the Iraqi EFL learners’ use of conversational maxims at the recognition level. The study aims at testing whether the Iraqi EFL learners observe or flout the Gricean maxims, assessing the Iraqi EFL learners’ mastery of the conversational maxims, and identifying which maxim(s) is/are frequently flouted. The study hypothesizes that the Iraqi EFL learners flout all the maxims of conversation, the maxim of relation is the least flouted one, the Iraqi EFL learners find the maxims difficult to adhere to, and the maxim of quantity is mostly flouted. The subjects of the study are a hundred Iraqi EFL learners at the fourth-year, Dept. of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Al-Muthanna. The data elicitation toolis a recognition test designed in accordance with nature of the study. The study brings forth the conclusions that the subjects have a difficulty in utilizing the maxims altogether, they flout all the conversational maxims in relatively different degrees, and the learners are mostly abided by the maxim of relation more than the other ones.

This paper is a flouting maxim analysis in Sapa Indonesia Malam talk show at Kompas TV in which Jerinx or I Gede Ari Astina became a guest star in this talk show. The present study aims to analyze a conversation and dig out information about flouting maxims. The framework of analysis will use in the flouting Maxim of Grice’s Cooperative Principles (Geis et al., 1976). The flouting maxim has four maxims, and those are quality, quantity, relation, and manner. The method of this study was qualitative by using the utterances in the video conversation from the talk show in Sapa Indonesia Malam as analysis material, and the data were extracted from the video. This study's instrument was the transcript text of the utterances between the hosts and Jerinx as a guest star consisting of flouting maxims. The data were analyzed by using flouting of the maxim in Discourse Analysis’ concept. This paper attempts to investigate the flouting maxims that mostly appear in the video conversation and determine the cause or reason for the maxim to emerge. The researchers comprehended the types of flouting maxims in the talk show, and then the researchers determined the types selected into categories based on guests' utterances. After that, the researchers analyzed the predetermined types. The study found some floutings of the maxims of relation. There were 50% maxims of relation flouted by speakers, and from nine flouting maxims, the four data had the most reasons for appearing in the conversation.

This article aims to identify the types of violation of conversational maxims created by cartoon comic entitled “Be Like Bro” in the English version and also to describe how the humorous situation can be created from those violations. There are two findings in this research. First, those six data show that there is a violation of conversational maxims, which are the maxim of quantity, the maxim of relevance, and the maxim of manner. Those six data also show that the humorous situation is creating by incongruent meaning in the conversation and releasing the feeling. Keywords: humor, cooperative principles, context, pragmatics

Employing forensic linguistic analysis, this qualitative study describes violations on conversational maxims in Philippine court proceedings. Twenty transcripts of riminal cases from the Regional Trial Court of Kidapawan City, Philippines were used as corpora in this study. It was found that the four maxims of conversation – quantity, quality, relation, and manner are violated during court trials. Violations of maxim on quantity occur when witnesses provide more than enough information and not enough information to answer questions. Violations of maxim on quality, on the other hand, occur when witnesses provide hearsay or use words/phrases that indicate uncertainty such as I think, maybe, and perhaps. Maxim on relation is violated when witnesses provide irrelevant answers to questions. Violations of the maxim of manner occur when witnesses respond vaguely or have their answers stated in a long drawn-out way. The findings of this study show that violations of cooperative maxim in conversation cause the message conveyed to be misleading and this results in further court discussion and long drawn cross examination. Violating a maxim suggests that the conversation participants are careless and sloppy thus they can be understood as troubled, baffled and confused.Keywords: Court proceedings, forensic linguistics, maxims of conversation, Philippines, transcript of stenographic notesCite as: Ceballos, C.T & Sosas, R.V. (2018). On court proceedings: A forensic linguistic analysis on maxim violation. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(2), 17-31.http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss2pp17-31

Tulisan ini membahas implikatur percakapan, yakni sebuah studi dalam ilmu linguistik pragmatik yang mengkaji maksud penutur dalam percakapan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan apa itu implikatur percakapan, bagaimana mengidentifikasi dan memaknai implikatur, serta mengapa penutur menggunakan implikatur dalam tuturannya. Untuk mengkaji permasalahan digunakan teori Grice tentang prinsip kerja sama (PK), maksim percakapan (MP), dan implikatur percakapan. Data percakapan diperoleh dari observasi percakapan natural antara penulis dan mahasiswa, serta percakapan di antara mahasiswa yang terjadi di lingkungan kampus. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada dasarnya dalam setiap percakapan digunakan implikatur. Implikatur digunakan bukan karena tidak ingin bekerja sama dalam percakapan, tetapi ada alasan yang lebih diprioritaskan dan alasan tersebut tidak dapat mematuhi semua maksim dalam MP. Implikatur percakapan digunakan untuk tujuan efisiensi verbal, pengalihan tanpa berbohong, kesopanan, dan tujuan estetika, serta ironi. This paper discusses the conversational implicature, which is a study in pragmatic linguistics that examines the intent of speakers in conversation. The purpose of this paper is to describe what the conversational implicature is, how to identify and interpret the implicature, and why do speakers want to engage in implicature. To study the problem Grice's theory of the cooperative principle, maxims of conversation, and the conversational implicature are used. Conversation data is obtained from observations of natural conversations between writers and students, as well as conversations between students that occur on campus. The results of the analysis show that basically in every conversation the implicature is used; The implicature is used not because they do not want to cooperate in conversation, but because there are prioritized reasons and those reasons cannot comply with all maxims in maxims of conversation. The conversationalimplicature is used for the purpose of verbal efficiency, misleading to lying, politeness, and aesthetic purposes, as well as irony.

The present paper is an attempt to evaluate the applicability of Grice’s Co-operative Principle and Conversational Maxims, as one of the outstanding models in Pragmatics, to some selected Quranic conversations. Grice’s model is regarded as template for the flow of conversations and interactions held between people. Quran, as a Holy Text in Islam, contains many speech events, i.e., situations wherein conversations take place. In the stories narrated in Quran, there are situations in which, as the ordinary life of the human beings, participants converse with one another. In this study , the researchers examine the applicability of the conversation model of Grice to the Quranic conversations. To this end, the researchers have quoted some verses from Quran, first in Arabic along with their translations in English , and analysed them in light of Grice’s model of conversation analysis. Findings indicate that in the Quranic conversations there are occasions where the maxims of conversation are observed and in some other cases not observed. This fact attests the universality of Grice’s model.

Linguistic phenotypes of individuals with Fragile X (FXS) and Williams (WS) syndromes exhibit various degrees of pragmatic impairment, involving difficulties in social communication and in adapting to conversational principles. The goal of the present study was to explore syndrome-specific pragmatic profiles of adults with FXS and WS based on the assessment of the observance of Gricean maxims of conversation. The participants were 12 Spanish-speaking adults (6 FXS/6 WS), without a diagnosis of ASD, whose extensive naturalistic conversations (71,859 words) were transcribed and coded with the CHILDES/TALKBANK tools and the PREP-CORP pragmatic protocol. Violations of the maxims of conversation were analyzed, and indexes of cooperation and conversational response were obtained. Both groups showed reduced verbal production and repetitive dysfluencies; prominent features in the FXS profile were higher proportion of non-contingent language, perseverations of topic and form, and impulsive conversational responses; in the WS profile, salient characteristics were higher proportion of tangential utterances, reformulations, and conversational responses reflecting overly literal interpretation. Pragmatic profiles of violation of conversational maxims reflect specific communication skills impaired in adults with FXS and WS and raise the need for assessment and intervention methods that specifically address their social communication abilities.

This article discusses about conversational implicature that occurs in Peanuts comic strips. The objectives of this study are to find out the implied meaning in the conversation between Charlie Brown with Lucy van Pelt and Lucy van Pelt with Linus van Pelt to evaluate the existence of maxim flouting and maxim violating in those conversations in relation to the four maxims such as quantity, quality, relation, and manner. Likewise, this study attempts to find out the reason for using conversational implicature in a comic strip. The writers uses a qualitative method with library research concerning to Grice’s maxim theory to analyze the conversational implicature. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that all the comics that comprise 14 comics generate conversational implicature since all the characters breach rules of maxim. The result of this analysis shows that flouting maxim of manner has the highest occurrence of conversational implicature and the least occurrences belong to flouting maxim of relation and violating maxim of quantity. Moreover, the writers concludes that to make a successful communication ideally the speaker and the hearer to cooperate in the conversation by saying explicitly so the hearer can grasp the meaning as the goal of communication is to deliver a message to the hearer.

Maxims are rules for determining whether the speaker is being cooperative in a conversation or not. When a speaker refuses to be cooperative during a conversation, this is known as flouting of maxim. This research focuses on flouting maxims uttered by the characters in The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run. The objective of this research is to identify the types of flouting maxims contained in this movie. The researcher used the descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data. The result of this research showed that the researcher found 41 utterances that flout the maxim in The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run. There are flouting the maxim of quality (6 data), flouting the maxim of quantity (16 data), flouting the maxim of relevance (15 data), and flouting the maxim of manner (9 data). The number of utterances and the number of flouting maxims used are different because one utterance may include more than one flouting maxim.

The focus of this research is flouting maxim which is used by conversation on whatsapp message between Widya Eka Septiani and Edo Meggi Fernando as the students of English Education Study Program 2016. This research aims at: (1) describing the kinds of maxims flouted by conversation on whatsapp message between Widya Eka Septiani and Edo Meggi Fernando as the students of English Education Study Program 2016 and (2) revealing the reasons of flouting maxim showed by conversation on whatsapp message between Widya Eka Septiani and Edo Meggi Fernando as English Education’16. The research design of this study was descriptive qualitative research. The results of the research show that (1) the flouting maxims in conversation between Widya Eka Septiani and Edo Meggi Fernando by whatsapp message is flouting maxim of relation, and (2) revealing the reasons of flouting maxim showed by by conversation on whatsapp message between Widya Eka Septiani and Edo Meggi Fernando.

This study aims to find out and describe data on language politeness among teenagers in Kuala Simpang city, Aceh Tamiang district in terms of sociolinguistics. The appropriate research approach uses in this study is qualitative research. The type of research is field research. The data of this study is the conversation of teenagers of Bukit Tempurung Village, Kuala Simpang City. Data sources are a number of teenagers in Bukit Tempurung Village, Kuala Simpang City. Data collected by recording techniques during social activities, then in manuscripts in the form of conversation. The results showe that there are 6 languages politeness maxims used by teenagers during social activities. Maksim is in the form of wisdom maxims of four (4) data, generosity maxims as much as seven (7) data, award maxims of two (2) data, simplicity maxim of one (1) data, consensus maximization of fourteen (14) data, and the implicit maxim of one (1) data. Based on the research data, the most dominant maxim is the agreement maxim

Abstract Maxims are the rules to know whether the speaker can be cooperative or not while he contributes the information in conversation. By flouting maxims, the participants of the conversation seem to be uncooperative but actually they do. The participants themselves have certain intentions of flouting the maxims. There are some intended meanings and certain purposes which are conveyed by the speaker behind the utterance where maxim flouting occurs. Hence, by flouting the maxims, the participants are not said to beuncooperative in a conversation. It is because maxim flouting is a way to make the hearer look for the real meaning beyond what is said implicitly by the speaker. This research only focus in analyzing maxim flouting that occurs in the Kungfu Panda Movie. This research uses the Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Cutting’s theory they are maxim quantity, maxim quality, maxim relation and maxim of manner that flouting by the main character in Kungfu Panda Movie Script. Based on the data analysis , it has been discovered that all the main characters all flouting all the types of maxims. The maxim of quantity flouting becomes the main type of maxim flouting which is performed by the main characters. They have tendency to flout this maxim to make the information given to the listener clearer. It is done by giving too little information rather than giving much one. Meanwhile, maxim of quality and maxim of manner flouting rarely occurs in the movie because the characters are assertive kind of persons. They avoid giving unclear information which leads the understanding of the hearer. Keywords: Maxim flouting, types, strategies, Kungfu Panda movie

Abstract This study aims to apply the Gricean theory of conversational cooperation to the example of inferential meaning in the oral speech of children with pragmatic deficit. Firstly, the analysis pays attention to the use of tropic inferences and particularized implicatures in conversation. Secondly, it focuses on the degree of maintenance or flouting with regard to conversational maxims. On average, study participants are 11.15 years old and possess a confirmed clinical diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. Results suggest a rare understanding and production of tropic inferences and particularized implicatures in dialogues, as well as the systematic application of the maxim of quality, the generalized non-fulfilment of the maxim of quantity and different degrees of fulfilment according to the remaining maxims.

This study tries to find the adoption of Grice’s Maxims in Soyinka's discourse in The Strong Breed (1962). In addition to, it seeks to find in which mutual conversations of all parts of drama the writer obeys Grice’s principles. Soyinka in this drama depicts how ritual and superstitious beliefs cover the social life.In Yoruba the village where the events occur; the villagers believe that before each New Year one strong and strange person should sacrify to purify the society for arriving in New Year.This idea conveys among the characters by reciprocal conversation. Since this play focuses on the real social issue,this paper attempts to concentrate on the conversations in order to find in which dialogues the writer adapted discourses of his characters by Grice’s Maxims (Quality, Quantity, Relation, Manner). Regarding theses principles,centre on discourses's principles this research tries to find the characteristics of these Maxims. As a matter of fact, Maxim of Quantity centres on an equal amount of words which convey the idea in aproper way. In Maxim of Quality Grice concentrates on thetruth that the dialoguess hould be taken correctly and truly.To Grice another principle is Maxim of Relation with regard to the relationship between the subject and content. Besides, Maxim of Manner converges on four avoidances; to mention a few, obscurity, ambiguity, briefly and orderly. With reference to these principles this research attempts to apply these Maxims on The Strong Breed in order to find adoption of reciprocal conversations by Soyinka. Regarding it tries to look for the dialogues which obey Grice’s Maxims.

This study was focused on the violation based on Grice Maxim’s Cooperative Principle theory in the communication of characters in Bad Genius Movie. The purpose of this study is to analyze the violation of a sentence for every dialogue that is brought up by the main actor and the other person in the movie. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative and descriptive analysis method is used in analyzing the data. The data was collected from the conversation in the movie which contains conversational implicature in the character’s utterances. The authors analyzed how the dialogue refers to the violation maxim contained in the film "Bad Genius". The results of identification showed that are violations maxim Quantity, Quality, Relations, and Manner.Keywords: Maxims, Violation, Bad Genius Movie

This study aims at analyzing the maxims in the five categories of speech act on medical conversation of textbook entitled “English for midwives: Practical Guidance For Antenatal care”. The objectives are: (1) To find out the categories of speech act on the medical conversation, (2) To analyze the intended meaning of the speaker, (3) To analyze the cooperative principle that must be concerned on the conversation. There are some theories applied in this study, namely the theory of Speech Act, theory of context of situation, the maxim theory. The result shows that there are three categories of speech act (illocutionary act) found in the conversation, namely: assertive, directives, and expressives. The data (1) shows that the assertive conveys asking information; The data (2) shows directive conveys request; The data (3) shows directive conveys suggestion, there is maxim violation in term of manner found in this data; The data (4) shows directive conveys request; The data (5) shows directive conveys explanation; The data (6) shows directive conveys suggestion, there are maxims violation found in terms of quantity, quality and manner; The data (7) shows expressive conveys asking physiological condition, there are maxims violation in terms of quantity and quality; The data (8) shows expressive conveys asking physiological condition, there are maxims violation in terms of quantity, quality and manner found; The data (9) and (10) show expressives convey asking physiological condition.

Grice coins 4 maxims to govern daily conversation as a general rule. The maxims are Quantity, Performance, Value and Manner. On this basis, the author intends to address the breaches of Grice's maxims in film and to investigate the intent of the infringements in the Prince and the Pauper conversational discourse. Many sections of the film contain violations of Grice's maxim characters. The writer formulates two work problems in order to achieve these goals: Which of Grice's maxims was violated in The Prince and the Pauper movie by the addressees?; For what reasons are the maxims infringed by the addresses?. . Based on the analysis, the author argues that the characters, in particular Duke, Tom Canty, King, and the Earl of Hertford, have violated Grice's four maxims in the film dialogue. If they fail to provide sufficient information, tell their addressees to lie, provide irrelevant glosses, and fail to be real, concise, univocal, and orderly, they violate the Quantity, Value, Relevance, and Manner maxims, respectively. In reality, the writer believes that characters are breaching the maxims to trick colleagues, to be sweet, to save face, to avoid discussion, and to show self-interest.

This study aims to analyze the types of implicature and flouting maxims and the reasons for doing the flouting in Taliwang Dialect. It applied the descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by recording natural conversations among the natives of Taliwang Dialect. It was found two types of implicature, namely, Generalized Conversational Implicature (GCI) and Particularized Conversational Implicatures (PCI). In GCI, the speaker and interlocutor could easily understand the conveyed utterances because they mostly used general statements which are commonly spoken in the Taliwang dialect. In PCI, both speaker and the interlocutor needed a particular knowledge to understand each other because of the flouting maxim. Some speakers or hearers in PCI often break the maxim in a conversation due to some reasons such as accepting untrue or lie information, receiving more information than the needed information, getting irrelevant information and having unclear or ambiguous information.

The present study aimed to analyze the stylistic features especially conversational implicature of the poem “Jabberwocky” written by Lewis Carroll. Implicature theory was the cooperative principle by Paul Grice to use to analyze. Two reasons support to uses of this theory. The method was used Documentation method with note-taking and highlighting technique. First, The poem was taken from the novel entitled Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There. Second, the implied conversation between the characters was found in this poem. This study analyses the violating maxims only. The results were all maxims are violated. Then, Maxim of Quality was mostly violated in this poem.

The purpose of this study was to describe the politeness of Indonesian between students and between students and teachers at SDN 06 Bengkulu City neighborhood. The research subject is that students of class V. The scope of this research is the use of verbal and nonverbal politeness by students at SDN 06 Bengkulu: students with students, and students with teachers. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. Data collected by observation, field notes, interview techniques and recording technique. Steps of data analysis conducted in stages, data reduction, data display and data verification. Results of research on linguistic politeness Indonesia students in the SDN 06 Bengkulu city, namely (1) for politeness the studentsdata found conversational politeness students more than the data conversation violation of politeness that is, 21 data is conversations that contain maxims of politeness and 5 the data conversation violation maxim of politeness, (2) for politeness between students and teachers found 7 data containing politeness conversation, and was not found students who violate the maxim of politeness and not found students against teachers. All data that conversation concluded with a look at the context of the speech that underlie the events said. The conclusion from this study is that politeness between students and between students and teachers reveal politeness. For nonverbal language, in speaking students use the fit between body language and speech (verbal).

This research aims to describe the forms of compliance and violation of cooperation principle which have been occurred at Class 1 of Bengkulu Immigration Office. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Sources of data in this research were officers and applicants. This research data was a speech event that it told by officers and applicants which contain of cooperation principle in it. Data collection was conducted start from date March 20th until April 6th, 2017. The instrument used in this research were a human instrument with hardware tools in the form of notebooks and smartphones, and software such as limitation and understanding maxims of conversation/cooperation principle (maxim quantity, maxim quality, maxim relevance, and maxim manner. Data collected by recording technique and note technique. Data analysis were done by steps as follow; data transcription, data identification, data classification, data interpretation, data validation, and data conclusion. The results of this research showed that two conclusions. First, the forms of compliance with the cooperation principle which have been occurred at center of Class 1 of Bengkulu Immigration Service which consist from four maxims based on Grice maxim and six maxims of mixed results between the maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner were found when conducting research in the field. Second is the forms of violation of cooperation principle at center of Class 1 of Bengkulu Immigration Service which consist from four maxims based on Grice maxim and five maxims mixed found when conducting research in the field. Keywords: Cooperation Principle, Conversation, Maxim

This research was created based on concerning the importance of efficient language use. The language use can be called efficient if the message is clear, unambiguous and can be understood by both speaker and hearer. Cooperative principles proposed by Grice (1975) explained the way people use the language well and efficiently. There are at least four maxims that should be followed in order to have achieve connection during conversation which are 1) maxim of manner, 2) maxim of quantity, 3) maxim of quality, and 4) maxim of manner. In fact, there are several maxim violations happened in human life especially figured in the movie. The maxim violations may cause misunderstanding while the conversation is going on. This paper aims to analyze the maxim violations that exist in the movie titled Night at the Museum 1. It uses descriptive qualitative method with pragmatics identity analysis. The findings show that maxim of manner and quantity are the dominant maxims which are violated.

Language is used in communication as a way to express their thoughts and feelings. Communication is how people use the message to give meaning to other people. Good communication happens when the speakers and the listeners can deliver their intended message clearly to understand each other. In communication, there is a theory called the cooperative principle. The cooperative principle is elaborated in four sub-principles or maxims. These maxims will make sure the information about the topic that is being discussed in the conversation clearer. However, some people sometimes communicate without following these maxims or violate maxims, knows as hedging maxim. This research aims to reveal the types of hedging maxims used by the characters in Bunker of the Dead movie. Grice’s cooperative principle is to analyze the research. Descriptive qualitative is employed as the research method, and a movie transcript as the research data. The result of this research shows that there are three types of hedging maxims, namely hedging maxim of quality, hedging maxim of relevance and hedging maxim of manner. One of the maxims, namely hedging maxim of quantity, does not exist in the movie. The most used hedging maxim is the hedging maxim of quality.

This study was aimed to analyze students’ conversation based on Grice’s maxim theory at the English department of Muhammadiyah University of Mataram. The method of this research was qualitative. The result of this research showed that students were followed the maxim of quantity is 60 utterances, followed the maxim of quality is 16 utterances, followed the maxim of relevant is 24 utterances, and followed the maxim of manner is 6 utterances. Violated maxim of quantity is 47 utterances, violated maxim of quality is 27 utterances, violated maxim of relevant is 50 utterances and violated manner is 89 utterances. Violated maxims often happen than followed the maxims, total of violated whole the maxims are 213 and total of followed whole the maxims are 106 because the speaker and participants are come from different cultures, using informal language and their purpose in communication to maintain their social harmony.

This research studies about flouting maxim in The B.F.G movie. The research concerns on finding the flouting maxims in The B.F.G movie. This research employed mainly descriptive qualitative method to support in interpreting and analysing the data. The data of this research were utterances produced by Sophie and BFG as main characters in The B.F.G movie. The context of the research was the dialogues of the movie. The data sources of this research were The B.F.G and its script. Meanwhile, the primary instrument of this research was the researcher ourselves. The data were collected by downloading the movie and the script, watching the movie, and then collecting the data which reflects the phenomena of maxim flouting. The paper examines the use of flouts in different situations and explores in what situations the different characters flout the maxims for any conversation. The results show that there were 10 flouting maxims of quantity (42%); 10 flouting maxims of relevance (42%); 2 flouting maxims of quality (8%); and 2 flouting maxims of manner (8%). Hence the total number of flouting maxims is 24. These results suggest that the use of flouts has to do with their different personalities and communities.Keywords: Cooperative Principle, Grice’s Maxim, Flouting MaximHow to Cite: Ulfah-1, R.A.A.N.U.-1., Afrilia, R-2. (2018). An Analysis of Fluting Maxim in BFG Movie. Project, X (X), XX-XX. INTRODUCTIONCommunication is a medium to convey meaning from one to another. As stated by Yule (2006) that communication involves word recognition and meaning recognition. There could be hidden intention in some utterances. Failing to recognize those intentions may lead to misunderstanding and even a dispute. Nevertheless, listener is not always to be in guilt. Sometimes in communication, the speaker may provide incomplete or unclear utterance hence the listener found difficulties to comprehend. Thus it is claimed that language as a tool for communication serves as an instrument to maintain a good relationship between the speaker and the hearer. Dealing with language and communication, cooperative principle proposed by Grice serves as means to achieve effective communication. It is described that speakers and listeners must give contribution as required by each other so that both of them may come to the same understanding of the meaning they are trying to convey. Grice elaborates four conversational maxims: maxim of relevance, maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, and maxim of manner. During conversation, speakers may break the rule of the maxims. The flouting of the maxims may occur in daily life or in movies. Movies as one of literary works mostly functions to entertain the audience. The flouting maxims in movies may be intentionally created to achieve the purpose of entertaining. The BFG is one fantasy adventure film released in 2016 by Walt Disney. It tells about the journey of two different species, a human (Sophie) and a giant (that Sophie called Big Friendly Giant). Since they are from different group of communities, their communication may run ineffective. This study aims at analyzing the flouting maxims occurred in The BFG movie.The Cooperative Principle Cooperative Principle is the basic principle in pragmatics. The Cooperative Principle is principle of conversation that was proposed by Grice. He called The Cooperative Principle as when we try to talk to be cooperative by elevating. He says, “make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of talk exchange in which you are engaged.” Within this principle, he intended four maxims.(Grundy, 1998) (in Ginarsih, 2014)Grice’s MaximMaxim of RelevanceMaxim of relation: This maxim may seem clear in the first look but as Grice himself mentioned it is very difficult to define it exactly: "Though the maxim itself is terse, its formulation conceals a number of problems that exercise me a good deal: questions about what different kinds and focuses of relevance there may be, how these shift in the course of a talk exchange, how to allow for the fact that subjects of conversations are legitimately changed, and so on. I find the treatment of such questions exceedingly difficult, and I hope to revert to them in later work." Grice ( in Kheirabadi, 2012).Maxim of Quantity Maxim of quantity requires that participants of a conversation give their contribution as is required in terms of the quantity of information. To say beyond the quantity of information needed in the conversation is to break the maxim. In making their contribution to the conventional talk, participants should gauge the amount information that is really sought for and give it as much as is necessary. They should not make their contribution either more informative or less informative. (Seken, n.d.2015)Maxim of QualityMaxim of quality requires conventional participants to say things that are true or things that they believe to be true. That is, they do not say anything than they believe to be false or anything of which they do not have any evidence. In other words, to comply with this maxim, a speaker in a conventional exchange must speak on the basis of facts, or he/she must have factual evidence by which to sufficiently support what he/she says as truth. (Seken, n.d.2015)Maxim of Manner Utterances may conform to the maxims or may disobey them by infringing, opting out, and flouting or violating. The infringement of the maxims is because of the speaker‟s imperfect knowledge of linguistic. When speakers decided to be uncooperative, they opt out of observing the maxims. ( Thomas 1995 in Jafari, 2013) Maxim Flouting Flouting a maxim is the case when a speaker purposefully disobeys a maxim at the level of what is said with the deliberate intention of generating an implicature. In this case, the speaker’s choice not to observe the maxim by the words he/she utters may be related to the some motive (such as politeness, style of speaking, etc.) (Seken, n.d.2015).According to Thomas (1995:64 in Mohammed & Alduais, 2012) flouting a maxim occurs where a participant in a conversation chooses to ignore one or more of the maxims by using a conversational implicature. Ignoring maxims by using conversational implicatures means that the participant adds meaning to the literal meaning of the utterance. He further explains the conversational implicature that is added when flouting is not intended to deceive the recipient of the conversation, but the purpose is to make the recipient look for other meaning. Moreover Black (2006:25 in Mohammed & Alduais, 2012) explains that a speaker who flouts maxims is actually aware of the Cooperative Principles and the maxims. In other words, it is not only about the maxims that are broken down but that the speaker chooses an indirect way to achieve the cooperation of the communication.Types of Flouting Maxim In ( Grice’s theory in Nur & Fatmawati, 2015) there are four types of maxim flouting. They are quantity maxim flouting, quality maxim flouting, relevance maxim flouting, and manner maxim flouting. Quantity Maxim FloutingWhen a speaker flouts the maxims under the category of Quantity, she/he blatantly gives either more or less information than the situation demands.For example: A : The other giants. Are they nice, like you a nice?B : No, I regret to say that the guys would eat you alive bite. My twenty four foot, but not in Giant country, and that's where you are. In Giants country now.In the example above, it is not appropriate, because when A asks the B about another giant, B does not answer according to the question. He give more information that not needed by A.Quality Maxim Flouting Thomas (in Fami 2015:15) said that flout maxim of quality occur when the speaker say something which is blatantly untrue or for which he/she lack adequate evidence.For example:A : Not as it happens to me, it is most terrible speakB : Well, I think you speak beautifullyIn the example above, B say untrue or lie. She do this, because she doesn’t want B sad with his speaking.Relevance Maxim FloutingFlouting of maxim relevance, (Ginarsih 2014, n.d.) said that by changing the subject or by failing the address the topic directly is encountered very frequently. For example:A : You mean of my life. For the rest of my life?B : Hey, do not you cold?In this case B did not answer according to the question, B changes the topic of conversation. Manner Maxim FloutingAccording to (Ginarsih 2014, n.d.) The maxim under the category of manner is exploited by giving ambiguity and obscure expressions, failure to be brief and orderly. It is often trying to exclude a third party, as in this sort of exchange between husband and wife.A : Where are you off to?B : I was thinking of going out to get some of that funny white stuff for somebody.A : OK, but don’t be long – dinner is nearly readyB speaks in an ambiguous way, saying “that funny white stuff” and“somebody”, because he is avoiding saying “ice cream” and “her/his Daugther”, so that his little daughter does not become excited and ask for the ice cream before her meal. Sometimes the speakers play with words to heighten the ambiguity, in order to make a point.Movie(Chandra Yuliasman 2014) Movie is happen based on script, but it reflect to our daily life activity mostly. That is why the researcher interested to use movie as media to increase the researcher understanding about flouting maxim. Movie also affect masses in childhood and youth. Movie is also called a film or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. Based on the theories above, the researcher chose “The BFG (Big Friendly Giant)” as the object of the research.The B.F.GThe B.F.G is a 2016 American fantasy adventure film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, written by Melissa Mathison and based on the 1982 novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. In the film, an orphan human girl be friends a benevolent giant, dubbed the "Big Friendly Giant", who takes her to Giant Country, where they attempt to stop the man-eating giants that are invading the human world. The writers chose The B.F.G, because in the film contain about friendship and courage, in that movie also have morality and ethics quotes. Steven Spielberg is known for his quality films, such as Jurrasic Park. He has also received three Oscars, and received a Life Achievement Award from the American Film Institute (AFI). Steven hooked some Hollywood actresses to play in the movie B.F.G, such as: Mark Rylance (B.F.G), Ruby Barnhill (Sophie), Penelope Wilton, Jemani Clement, Rebecca Hall, Rafe Spall, and Bill Hader. Steven Spielberg films this In the premiere of premiere The BFG managed to triumph in the Top 10 Box Office by collecting revenues of USD 31 million. Although not a chance to taste the top of the Box Office but The BFG still loved by his fans, especially for lovers of fantasy and adventure movies.METHODThis research uses a descriptive qualitative method to analyse the flouting maxim in The B.F.G movie directed by Steven Spielberg. According to Holloway (in Nur & Fatmawati, n.d.) qualitative research is a form of social inquiry focusing on the interpretation of experience and the world by people.” Therefore, this research is conducted systematically through the technique of data collecting and data analysis. The data are taken from the script, the writers analysed of flouting maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner based on Grice’s theories, being used to choose the most frequently method among them, the writer used percentage category based on Multihajz’s formula, in Selvia (2014) as follows: P = Percentage F = Frequency n = Number of Maxims RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONResultsThere are 24 conversations from 100 conversations that found in The B.F.G Movie between the main characters, Sophie and B.F.G that flouted the Grice’s cooperative principle. They flouted the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, and the maxim of manner. In the calculation the writers employed percentage technique as described below:Table 1The Classification of Maxim:NoTypes of MaximQuantityPercentage1.The Maxim of Quantity1042 %2. The Maxim of Quality28 %3The Maxim of Relevance1042 %4The Maxim of Manner28 %Total24100 %From the classification above, it could be seen clearly that among four types of maxim in conversation between the main characters, Sophie and B.F.G in “The B.F.G” Movie, the maxim of Quantity and Relevance were the most identifiable types. First is Quantity. There are 10 conversations or cover 42 %. The second was the maxim of Relevance; there are 10 conversations or cover 42 %. The third was maxim of Quality; there are 2 conversations or cover 8 %. The fourth was the maxim of Manner; there are 2 conversations or cover 8 %. Based on the table above, here are the explanations of each maxim that the main character, Sophie and B.F.G flouted in The B.F.G Movie. The maxim of quantitySophie : The other giants. Are they nice, like you a nice?B.F.G : No, I regret to say that the guys would eat you alive bite. My twenty four foot, but not in Giant country, and that's where you are. In Giants country now.Analysis: It is not appropriate, because when Sophie asks the BFG about another giant, the BFG does not answer according to the question. He give more information that not needed by Sophie.Sophie : We can’t have secrets. I'll tell you mine. I sneak around at night too, and that still sometimes theft and lying. So I’m alone at the time. I've never had a best friend, I told you all thatB.F.G : We got over.Analysis: The BFG did not give the right reasons to reply to a statement from Sophie.Sophie : You should not let them treat you like that. You should notB.F.G : Live with nine giant eats beans. They take so I return. Murmur good dreams. It's what I can do, I do something. I do something.Analysis: The BFG ignored Sophie’s suggestion of another giant treating the BFG badly and he changed the subject.Sophie : No I’m not.B.F.G : Yes you here. If you are a human being and human being is a strawberry cream for giants. They are the prey of those giants out there, so you stay in a nice safe place right here. Analysis: BFG answer does not fit with the context of the conversation at that time.B.F.G : Someone called me a big, friendly giant. How should I call you? Sophie : My name is SophieAnalysis: Sophie does not understand about a nickname, so she just answers with her name only "Sophie".B.F.G: So you're an orphan?Sophie: Yes. You took me to an orphanage. You did not know?Analysis: Sophie did not give the right reasons to reply to a statement from B.F.G.B.F.G: I did not know that. Are you happy there?Sophie: No! I hate that. The lady who runs it is incompetent and she’s crazy rules and you get punish a lot.Analysis: In this conversation, Sophie should answer yes or no , because the question is are you happy there ?.Sophie : Being is not be ing .What is that green thing ?B.F.G : Frobscuttel. All giant drink frobscottel.Analysis: BFG answer does not fit with the context of the conversation at that time.Sophie : Where are you going now ?B.F.G : A dreams blow .It's what I do next.Analysis: BFG answer does not fit with the context of the conversation at that time. In this conversation Sophie asks where, it means that ask about place.Sophie : But why did you bring me here? Why did you take me?B.F.G : I had did to take you, because the first thing you, you would do spread the news you actually saw a giant and then there would be a big fuss and all human beans would be looking for the giant dresses all excited, and then I would be locked up in a cage to look at me with all the noisy hypo-fat and crocodiles and giraffes. And then there would be a huge hunt for all the boy giantsAnalysis: The BFG gives too much give reason to Sophie, should the BFG give Sophie a simple and precise reason for the question.The maxim of RelevanceSophie : Then, who are you? What kind of monster are you?B.F.G : You as me wrongAnalysis: BFG does not honestly reply to Shopie that he is a giant kind.Sophie : You mean of my life. For the rest of my life. B.F.G : Hey, do not you cold?Analysis: BFG did not answer according to the questionSophie : What did you work? B.F.G : And now she asks me to tell you very big secrets.Analysis: BFG did not answer according to the questionSophie : Flesh head ,he comes to eat me, my blood will be on your hands. B.F.G : Everything about you going against my better judgment.Analysis: BFG tries to make Shopie calm by diverting the conversationSophie : Look at all the stars! B.F.G : Often when it is clear I hear distant music living of the stars in the skyAnalysis: When Shopie wants to show something, BFG answer it with things that are not appropriate.Sophie: Really? B.F.G : You think I'm kidding, right? Analysis: BFG should simply answer "yes" or "no".Sophie : Are there bad dreams here too? B.F.G : It will a TrogglehumperAnalysis: BFG did not answer the question correctly.Sophie : Make them all happy. BFG, your father and your mother taught you about dreams? B.F.G : The Giants do not have mothers or fathers. Analysis: BFG should simply answer “has” or “has not”.Sophie : What is the Sophie’s dream? B.F.G : A golden Phizzwizard. I had not seen in a while. Analysis: BFG does not explain what dreams Sophie will experience.Sophie : You snapped me.B..F.G : Well, you are right. After all, you're just a little thing. I can’t help thinking what your poor mother and father must be …Analysis: BFG should simply answer "yes" and "no", and not discuss the unnecessaryThe maxim of QualityB.F.G : You do, you really do?Sophie : Simply beautifully.Analysis: In this situation of conversation, Sophie gives untrue respond to B.F.G or she lies, because she didn’t want make B.F.G sad with B.F.G’s sentence.B.F.G : Not as it happens to me, it is most terrible speak.Sophie : Well, I think you speak beautifully.Analysis: In this conversation, Sophie say untrue or lie. She did it, because she didn’t want B.F.G sad with his statement.The maxim of mannerSophie : Blood bottler ? B.F.G : Yes and butcherSophie : The butcher. Please don’t eat me.Analysis: BFG does not explain in detail about Bottler.Sophie : But then I wake up.B.F.G : And you wake up.Sophie : But not here.Analysis: There is no alignment in the conversationDiscussionThe writer found total numbers of flouting maxim that produce by main character in “The B.F.G” movie those were 24 utterances. Then divided into four types of flouting, they were quality which had 10 data or 42%, quantity had 2 data or 8%, relevance had 10 data or 42% and manner had 2 data or 8%. Thus the most frequent category of flouting maxim produce is the main character was maxim of quality and maxim of relevance. It means that in this movie, The BFG tended to conduct his flouted utterance for move the conversations. CONCLUSIONThe aim of this research is to find out the flouting maxim by the main characters in “The B.F.G” movie. The result show the most frequent category of flouting maxim by the main character was quality and relevance. It indicates that based on the maxim of quantity, there are some conversations that giving more or less information. Based on the semantics theory it is wrong, because giving more information than the need is flouting the maxim of quantity. For the maxim of relevance, there are some conversations that are not relevance, it is related with Ginarsih statement relevance maxim flouting by changing the subject or by failing the address the topic directly is encountered very frequently. There are only two flouting maxims of quality and manner was less frequent. It indicates mostly the conversation in The B.F.G movie is cooperative. It is different with the previous study, from Iniyanti, A et.al (2014) they found two flouting maxims, there are: maxim of relation and maxim of manner. And from Al-Qaderi (2015) he found that the maxim of quantity was most frequently flouted.After the research, the researcher took a conclusion that even the famous movie, the flouting maxims are can’t be avoid. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSPlace Acknowledgments, including information on the source of any financial support received for the work being published. Place Acknowledgments, including information on the source of any financial support received for the work being published.

<p class="3ABSTRAK">Grice suggested that conversation is based on a shared principle of cooperation. This principle was fleshed out in a series of maxims. Here the writers analyzed the maxims used by the vendors in Borobudur Temple when communicating with foreign tourists. The vendors did not have a good ability in speaking English because English is not their first or even their second language. The problems of this study are: (1) How do the vendors in Borobudur Temple learn English? and (2) What are the maxims used by the vendors of Borobudur Temple in communication with the foreign tourists?</p><p class="3ABSTRAK">This study used a qualitative approach with ethnomethodology methods to get the detailed information of the vendors’ learning English and the maxims used in the vendors’ conversation. The data are taken from interviews, observation and recording conversations between the vendors and the foreign tourists.</p><p class="3ABSTRAK">The results showed the vendors’ daily life in learning English, and without joining formal education at schools, the vendors could communicate with the tourists using simple sentences to sell the product. The results on the maxims used in the conversations between the vendors at Borobudur Temple and the foreign tourists was the vendors used maxims of quality and maxims of relation. The vendors did not use maxims of quantity and maxims of manner. This was because of the vendors’ lack of English vocabulary.</p><p>The conclusion of this study was the vendors of Borobudur Temple study English in their community without studying English formally at school, and the vendors used maxims of quantity and maxims of relation in conversations with foreigners to sell the product.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>cooperative principle, vendors, Borobudur temple, foreign tourists<strong></strong></em></p>

Cooperative principles theorized by Grice (1975) explaines the way people use the language well and efficiently. There are four maxims in order to achieve connection during conversation, i.e. the maxims of quality, quantity, relation, and manner. However, people do not always follow and obey the Cooperative principle and instead flout maxim. The aim of this research was to discuss about the types of maxim which were flouted in the movie White House Down written by James Vand Erbilt. As a result, the researcher found 15 samples of flouted maxim, maxim of quantity 4 data, maxim of quality 2 data, maxim of manner 5 data, and 4 data maxim of relation.

This paper discussed conversational Maxims in Constituional Court that related to the general election 2019 in Indonesia. However, this reseach focused on the flouted maxims that is used by the witness in constitutional court in answering the judge’s questions. In this paper, the writer choose the utterances that is produced by the witness in constitutional court, since there are many maxims that are flouted by the witness in giving his answer. In analyzing this conversation, the writer used Grice’s theory which established four maxims, they are maxims of quantity, maxims of quality, maxims of relevance, and amxims of manner. In addition, this research used descriptive qualitative approach. Since, the data are in the form of sentences. The analysis revelas some findings. It’s found that mostly the witness flouted the maxims of relevance.

This study was created based on concerning the importance of efficient language use. The language use can be called efficient if the message is unambiguous, clear, and can be understood by both speaker and listener. This study purposes to investigate the violation of quality maxim, quantity maxim, relevance maxim and manner maxim of Grice Maurice maxim’s Cooperative Principle in the conversation of characters in Beauty and the Beast movie. In fact, there are several maxim violations that happened in human life especially figured in the movie. The maxim violation may cause misunderstanding while the conversation is going on. Descriptive qualitative method was used in this research, the data are collected from the conversation in the movie which contains coversational implicature in the character’s utterance. The result of the research shows that there is four type of maxims that are violated by Maurice’s coversation in Beauty and the Beast movie. The four type of it such as maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relevance and maxim of manner. The result of the research shows that the maxim of quality is dominant, because the character give lacks evident, maxim quantity, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner are also violated in this movie. Keywords: Cooperative Principles, Movie, Violation

Politicians use their political interviews to convey their thoughts towards their nations or others. This study aims to analyze conversation analysis and implicature of maxims being flouted by Adel Al-Jubeir regarding the Yemeni campaign, which started on 26th of March 2014. The study uses descriptive qualitative method. The data were institutional talk (Interview) conducted by Adel Al-Jubeir as IE (interviewee) and the journalist Wolf Blitzer as IR (interviewer) in the CNN channel in Washington. The data were analyzed according to Clayman and Heritage (2002) for conversation analysis and implicature of maxim based on Grice (1975). The results show two linguistic evidences. First, in institutional talks, conversation consists of three components, namely, opening, content, and closing. The opening includes the introduction, the content includes the announcement of the beginning of the campaign interface on Yemen and the Iranian nuclear program and its threat to Saudi Arabia, and the closing includes complete pairs (greetings). Second, for implicature analysis, the results show that Al-Jubeir being over-informative, stating more than required, represented with 82% of the quantity. He made a speech that he believed to be false, unjustified, and untruthful replies, representing 100% in the scale of quality. He gave irrelevant meaning to respond other participants’ utterances, representing 65% of maxim of relation. He gave unclear and indirect replies, representing 77% of maxim of manner. Besides, Al-Jubeir cooperated with IR. In addition, it can be summarized that he applied both particularized conversational and general implicature on political interview with some violation of the maxims as well.

Sentential implicature is something meant or implied that is proposed to avoid impoliteness in making harmonious conversation. For the sake of politeness it was postulated cooperative politeness and maxims; tact maxim, approbation maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim and sympathy maxim. The measurement of politeness or impoliteness is also determined by the four factors; power, range, distance and familiarity. In “Laskar Pelangi” the movie, it was found some maxims with Indonesian cultural background for its politeness. Politeness was shown by addressing someone just by name or by saying “Mr.” and “Mrs”, according to the power and relationship, minimizing dispraise of others, and mentioning something or someone indirectly.

One of the main principles guiding people’s communication is the cooperative principle by American linguist Grice. The use of cooperative principle helps people to increase their flexibility and accuracy. The analysis of cooperative principle in a text or conversation shall be the learning for people to communicate well using language with each other. The paper aimed to find out whether the participants under study followed or violated the maxims proposed by Grice. Besides, it was to identify whether the cooperative principles become the participants’ orientation or mere redundant rules. The research employed a descriptive qualitative research of which the data were obtained from the conversation among six workmates in a Flary group discussion on Facebook page. The research founds that the conversation followed and violated the maxims by Grice. Maxim of quantity was the most frequently used by the participants (12.77%). Interestingly, it was also the most frequently violated (63.8%). Despite the violation occurred in the interactions, the conversation was smooth. When the speakers realized about the cooperative principles they had to obey, the conversation became more relaxed, effective, and efficient.

This study is to find out what maxims are used by Chris Gardner, what maxims are flouted by Chris, and what implicature can be interpreted by flouting the maxims in the business conversation in The Pursuit of Happinessmovie. The source of the data was the film and the transcript, and the data were taken from Chris’ utterancesin the five chosen scenes showing the process of Chris’s success in pursuing his happiness in his life. The findings revealed that he mostly followed the maxim of manner and the least was maxim of quality. He also flouted the maxim of quality and the leastwas maxim of manner. From the flouting of the maxims, there was implicature that could be interpreted which was to create a good relation, to get a good chance, and to fulfill Chris’s will to be one employee in Dean Witter Reynolds-Resource Dept. which is the beginning of his success in his life. In conclusion, the flouting of the maxims was part of Chris’s effort in his life that gave contribution to his success, andit is proved through Chris’ utterances in the five chosen scenes.

Some researchers have tried to challenge the dominance of Gricean maxims in terms of its consistency. One way of testing it is by conducting research in vernacular language. This research is therefore conducted to revisit Gricean maxims in Manado Malay language, a language used by the people who live in Manado and its surroundings. This research, therefore, aims to find out (1) how the Cooperative Principle is violated in Manado Malay language, and (2) what the purpose of the generated implicatures are. The data used for analysis in this research were taken from recorded lunch break conversation of the lecturers at Unika De La Salle Manado in July 2016. The result showed that the Gricean maxims: maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner were observed in Manado Malay language. It was also found that implicatures generated in Manado Malay language were meant for giving information. It can be concluded that Gricean maxims are consistent when implicatures occur in Manado Malay language. Furthermore, speakers of Manado Malay language usually produce implicature to give information and to joke.

This study aimed to analyze the violation of maxims in conversational implicature found in djarum 76 advertisements “Jin Version” and find out the audiences understanding about the Djarum 76 Advertisements “Jin Version” with a violation of Grice maxims in their conversation, this study used qualitative descriptive method to find out the violation of Gricean maxims. And to know the effect of maxims violation in delivering the advertisements messages, the researcher spread the questionnaire to the society by taking 30 peoples as sample. From the result of violation analysis, there were four types of Grice maxims violated. And then from the result of questionnaire analysis, the researcher found out that the advertisement was attractive. Based on those data the researcher concluded that the audiences interest to watch the advertisements and they understand enough with the messages which was deliver by Djarum 76 “Jin Version” although there were Gricean maxims violations.

Communication is a complex linguistics phenomenon. People use various types of utterances to deliver the intended meaning. This article explains the application of Gricean conversational implicature in the daily exchange of The Verneuil. Besides, this study employs the descriptive-qualitative method. As language usage coheres with context, accordingly, this needs to describe the language phenomenon performed by the interactants along with the speech events in which The Verneuil’s dialogue takes place. Thus, utterances are the type of data analyzed. In particular, the article only scopes the circumcision and family lunch scene where they are conflicting with each other because of their different beliefs. Despite the presence of cultural boundaries, the interactants adhere to Grice’s maxims in casual communication. However, maxims’ infringements happen when they get the cultural inferences involved. Those are triggered by the 5 different cultures which affect their linguistics competencies. Hence, they fail to fulfill the maxim.

Having a conversation is one way to get more information. When the speaker is talking to the listener, they must have context in it so that there is no misunderstanding between the speaker and the listener. To prevent misinterpretation between the speaker and the hearer, Grice proposes using the concept of cooperative values, which consists of a maxim, a simple assumption, and it can be modified. The purpose of this research is find out the type of maxim found in Moana movie. The researcher used qualitative descriptive to reveal the study, collecting the data and analyzing the data by using Pragmatics identity method. The result found that there are four maxims, namely maxims of quality, quantity, manner, and relevance in conversation of Moana movie. The researcher took 20 data from the script and found 8 maxim of quantity, 3 maxim of quality, 4 maxim of relation, and 5 maxim of manner in the script. It can be concluded that Moana did all cooperative principle in her utterances, but mostly, Moana used quantity maxim. It can be concluded that submissive of cooperative principle are mostly obeyed by character in Moana movie, so the result of communication is effective as required.

This paper investigates the status of Grice’s (1975) conversational maxims of cooperation in Jordanian socio-political newspapers interviews. It also discusses the fundamental norms and conventions that shape conduct in these kinds of interviews and recurrent practices through which journalists balance competing professional demands for both objective and an adversarial treatment of public figures in the present case two former Jordanian Prime Ministers (PMs). The paper also explores how, in the face of aggressive questioning, the PMs struggle to stay “on message”, so to speak, and pursue their own agenda. Through a pragma-linguistic analysis of these interviews, the study reveals that the reasons behind the MPs’ flouting of Grice’s conversational maxims, and, consequently, the ensuing conversational implicatures, are products of one of the following:1. Absolute loyalty2. Lack of democratic freedom of expression.The paper also reveals that Grice’s principle of conversation and its accompanying maxims have a crosscultural validity when tested against a language like Arabic. In fact, when we look at these conversational maxims from an Arab-Islamic moral and socio-political perspective (and whether the maxims are Grice’s or those of Arab-Islamic scholars) we find that they are, almost identical and constitute the corner stone of Arab society’s moral, socio-cultural, and religious values. Thus, it makes a lot of difference for both audience and readership if interviewed public figures ‘observe’ these conversational maxims.

When interacting with other people, we must cooperate during the conversation. By cooperating, it will make the conversation run well and flow smoothly. However, the speaker can violate the maxim and caused understanding. This study aims to analyze violating maxims done by a speaker on ‘‘Sapa Indonesia Malam” news program that consists of two segments. The writers analyze the data by applying the theory of cooperative principle by Grice and using descriptive qualitative method. The result of this study showed that there are sixty-four violating utterances. Relation maxim comes as the most common maxim that violating by the speaker. It occurs twenty-eight times during the conversation. After that, it was followed by quality maxim with twenty-one violation utterances. Then ten times of violation quantity maxim and maxim of manner as the lowest violation because it only occurs five times.

Along with the development of increasingly sophisticated technology, vessels as means of transportation at sea have progressed a lot. There is a part of activities aboard vessel which determines the effectiveness of every voyage of the vessel which is communication aboard vessel. Communication which occurs intensively and properly leads to effective communication. In radio communication committing flouting maxim of conversation could not be avoided. The radio communication context plays significant role to interpret the meaning of the speech itself. This study aims to determine the conversational implicature used aboard vessel and the flouting maxims which arise especially from the external radio communication. The design of the research was descriptive qualitative in which the data were taken from the radio communication among cadet’s radio communication practice in bridge simulator. The finding shows that the four types of maxim flouting were committed by the duty officers on radio communication. The highest maxim flouted was flouting maxim of quantity as much as 36,3%. The less frequent maxim to be flouted was maxim of manner and quality as much as 18,2%. The other 27,3% was the occurrence of flouting maxim of relevance. The rationales behind the flouting maxims were also revealed in this study to get the knowledge and best practices onboard radio communication.

Among the most powerful practical speculations that have caught the consideration of the linguists is the Grecian maxims of Conversational Implication. Grice contributes to draw line between what is said and what is implied. An observational examination introduced to explore the utilization of this hypothesis to the conversation in between managers from different electric automobile companies. Interviewer and managers involved in conversation with each other to pass on what they need to say either verifiably or unequivocally. The great point of this examination is to explore the Grecian Hypothesis of Conversational Implication in the light of TPB. Semi-coordinated meetings with administrators from four diverse Electric Vehicle (EV) organizations specifically: Karakorum Engines, Chongqing Changan Auto Restricted, Al-Pilgrimage Car Private Restricted, and BMW were led. Conversationalists can expect that when speakers deliberately ridicule an adage. Hence, the Grecian maxims fill a need both when they are followed and when they are mocked.