Relevant bibliographies by topics / Maximum spacing method

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Maximum spacing method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Maximum spacing method"

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Ekström, Magnus. "On the consistency of the maximum spacing method." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 70, no. 2 (July 1998): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3758(97)00185-7.

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Weissman-Miller, Deborah. "On Predicting Survival in Prostate Cancer: Using an Extended Maximum Spacing Method at the Change Point of the Semiparametric Ratio Estimator (SPRE)." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 5, no. 2 (February 10, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v5n2p19.

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<p>Prostate cancer is a condition of public health significance in the United States. A new method for predicting survival is derived for the domain around the change point from a semiparametric ratio estimator (SPRE) to predict survival in response to treatment for prostate cancer. Using an extended maximum spacing estimator, the geometric mean of sample spacings from a uniform distribution <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;"> is derived </span>with known endpoints given at 0 and at the value of the change point from an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for SPRE. To determine the maximum interval on the ‘x’ axis between point estimates, the maximum spacing estimation method is derived from a continuous univariate distribution where spacing will be defined as gaps between ordered values of the distribution function. The maximum is defined as a single value in the neighborhood of the change point and spacing defined as a function of time. This maximum spacing defines the gaps between point estimates at each time-dependent predicted outcome from the change point and results in a semiparametric ratio estimator that is reliable and repeatable. Performance is discussed through a simulation of change point values for a real application in clinical medicine and, using SPRE, in personalized medicine for a single prostate cancer patient.</p>
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Wong, Tommy S. W., and Wung-Hee Moh. "Effect of maximum flood width on road drainage inlet spacing." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1997): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0673.

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Based on the kinematic wave theory, a method has been developed for the determination of road drainage inlet spacing under the continuous grade condition. The input data required are the allowable maximum flood with, the physical characteristics of the roadway, the empirical relationship between the maximum discharge and the intercepted flow, and the rainfall intensity-duration curve. By applying the method to a roadway with the standard drainage inlet used in Singapore, the effect of maximum flood width on the inlet spacing has been assessed. The assessment shows that for a given maximum flood width, the inlet spacing is wider for roads with steeper cross and longitudinal slopes. An increase in maximum flood width gives an exponential increase in inlet spacing.
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Almongy, Hisham M., Fatma Y. Alshenawy, Ehab M. Almetwally, and Doaa A. Abdo. "Applying Transformer Insulation Using Weibull Extended Distribution Based on Progressive Censoring Scheme." Axioms 10, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms10020100.

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In this paper, the Weibull extension distribution parameters are estimated under a progressive type-II censoring scheme with random removal. The parameters of the model are estimated using the maximum likelihood method, maximum product spacing, and Bayesian estimation methods. In classical estimation (maximum likelihood method and maximum product spacing), we did use the Newton–Raphson algorithm. The Bayesian estimation is done using the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm based on the square error loss function. The proposed estimation methods are compared using Monte Carlo simulations under a progressive type-II censoring scheme. An empirical study using a real data set of transformer insulation and a simulation study is performed to validate the introduced methods of inference. Based on the result of our study, it can be concluded that the Bayesian method outperforms the maximum likelihood and maximum product-spacing methods for estimating the Weibull extension parameters under a progressive type-II censoring scheme in both simulation and empirical studies.
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Sumner, David. "A Comparison of Data-Reduction Methods for a Seven-Hole Probe." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 2 (May 28, 2002): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1455033.

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Two data-reduction methods were compared for the calibration of a seven-hole conical pressure probe in incompressible flow. The polynomial curve-fit method of Gallington and the direct-interpolation method of Zilliac were applied to the same set of calibration data, for a range of calibration grid spacings. The results showed that the choice of data-reduction method and the choice of calibration grid spacing each have an influence on the measurement uncertainty. At high flow angles, greater than 30 deg, where flow may separate from the leeward side of the probe, the direct-interpolation method was preferable. At low flow angles, less than 30 deg, where flow remains attached about the probe, neither data-reduction method had any advantage. For both methods, a calibration grid with a maximum interval of 10 deg was recommended. The Reynolds-number sensitivity of the probe began at Re=5000, based on probe diameter, and was independent of the data-reduction method or calibration grid spacing.
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Liu, Yang, Changfu Zong, Xiaojian Han, Dong Zhang, Hongyu Zheng, and Chunmei Shi. "Spacing Allocation Method for Vehicular Platoon: A Cooperative Game Theory Approach." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 5589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165589.

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Recently, spacing policies of the vehicular platoon have been widely developed to enhance safety, traffic efficiency, and fuel consumption. However, the integrated spacing policies aim to maximum overall benefit, and the distributed spacing policies intense to get optimal monomer benefit. Ignoring the fairness of the benefit allocation of each vehicle will reduce the motivation to constitute the platoon. To fill this critical gap, this study proposes a spacing allocation method by treating spacing decisions as cooperative games. A flock’s model which is used to be the payoff function is introduced based on bionic motion principles. We present a characteristic function of the platoon for the cooperative game model considering the specific structure of the platoon. The τ value, Shapley value, and average lexicographic value are introduced and applied to allocate the spacing fairly. Proposed methods are compared with constant distance policy in some typical situations. The simulation results demonstrate that the spacing policy based on cooperative game theory improved the stable time for consistency control and the convergence of longitudinal following error.
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Alshenawy, R., Ali Al-Alwan, Ehab M. Almetwally, Ahmed Z. Afify, and Hisham M. Almongy. "Progressive Type-II Censoring Schemes of Extended Odd Weibull Exponential Distribution with Applications in Medicine and Engineering." Mathematics 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101679.

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In this paper, the parameters of the extended odd Weibull exponential distribution are estimated under progressive type-II censoring scheme with random removal. The model parameters are estimated using the maximum product spacing and maximum likelihood estimation methods. Further, we explore the asymptotic confidence intervals and bootstrap confidence intervals for the model parameters. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare between the proposed estimation methods under progressive type-II censoring scheme. An empirical study using two real datasets form engineering and medicine fields to validate the introduced methods of inference. Based on our study, we can conclude that the maximum product of spacing method outperforms the maximum likelihood method for estimating the extended odd Weibull exponential (EOWE) parameters under a progressive type-II censoring scheme in both numerical and empirical cases.
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Abu El Azm, Wael S., Ehab M. Almetwally, Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi, Hassan M. Aljohani, Abdisalam Hassan Muse, and O. E. Abo-Kasem. "Stress-Strength Reliability for Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution with Application on Breaking of Jute Fiber and Carbon Fibers." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (September 21, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4227346.

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For the first time and by using an entire sample, we discussed the estimation of the unknown parameters θ 1 , θ 2 , and β and the system of stress-strength reliability R = P Y < X for exponentiated inverted Weibull (EIW) distributions with an equivalent scale parameter supported eight methods. We will use maximum likelihood method, maximum product of spacing estimation (MPSE), minimum spacing absolute-log distance estimation (MSALDE), least square estimation (LSE), weighted least square estimation (WLSE), method of Cramér-von Mises estimation (CME), and Anderson-Darling estimation (ADE) when X and Y are two independent a scaled exponentiated inverted Weibull (EIW) distribution. Percentile bootstrap and bias-corrected percentile bootstrap confidence intervals are introduced. To pick the better method of estimation, we used the Monte Carlo simulation study for comparing the efficiency of the various estimators suggested using mean square error and interval length criterion. From cases of samples, we discovered that the results of the maximum product of spacing method are more competitive than those of the other methods. A two real‐life data sets are represented demonstrating how the applicability of the methodologies proposed in real phenomena.
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Sheng, Xiaofei, Jianguo Shen, Yongjin Shen, Liufang Zhu, and Defu Zang. "Measurement of formation conductivity through-casing using a TEM method." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxz022.

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Abstract Due to the existence of the metal casing in production wells, it is difficult for a conventional well-logging method to achieve satisfactory results. To study the possibility of measuring the formation conductivity through casing by using a transient electromagnetic (TEM) method, characteristics of the response signals received at different source-receiver spacing are investigated. Based on the advantages of the response signals at long spacing in the separation of the direct and indirect coupled signals, the corresponding differential response signals calculated with different formation conductivities are studied further. Results show that: (1) the differential signals are three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the original response signals; (2) there is a maximum and a minimum in the differential signal; (3) with the increase of the spacing, the profile of differential signal hardly changes, but moves backward on the timeline and the amplitude decreases slowly, which is in sharp contrast to the original response signals and (4) the differential signal is proportional to the difference of corresponding formation conductivities and the maximum and minimum values in the response difference are the most sensitive. The research reveals the characteristics of TEM responses in cased-hole and the distribution of formation conductivity information, which is predicted to provide a new perspective for the design of long-spacing through-casing in the TEM conductivity logging tool and the signal processing method.
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Al Shalaby, N., and S. G. El-Sherbiny. "Mutual Coupling Reduction of DRA for MIMO Applications." Advanced Electromagnetics 8, no. 1 (May 18, 2019): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i1.730.

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In this paper, A multiple input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna using two Square Dielectric Resonators (SDRs) is introduced. The mutual coupling between the two SDRAs is reduced using two different methods; the first method is based on splitting a spiral slot in the ground plane, then filling the slot with dielectric material, "E.=2.2". The second method is based on inserting a copper parasitic element, having the same shape of the splitted Spiral, between the two SDRAs. The effect of replacing the copper parasitic element with Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) parasitic element "SOC12 doped long-MWCNT BP" is also studied. The antenna system is designed to operate at 6 GHz. The analysis and simulations are carried out using finite element method (FEM). The defected ground plane method gives a maximum isolation of l8dB at element spacing of 30mm (0.6λo), whereas the parasitic element method gives a maximum isolation of 42.5dB at the same element spacing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Maximum spacing method"

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Ekström, Magnus. "Maximum spacing methods and limit theorems for statistics based on spacings." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Matematisk statistik, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85176.

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The maximum spacing (MSP) method, introduced by Cheng and Amin (1983) and independently by Ranneby (1984), is a general estimation method for continuous univariate distributions. The MSP method, which is closely related to the maximum likelihood (ML) method, can be derived from an approximation based on simple spacings of the Kullback-Leibler information. It is known to give consistent and asymptotically efficient estimates under general conditions and works also in situations where the ML method fails, e.g. for the three parameter Weibull model. In this thesis it is proved under general conditions that MSP estimates of parameters in the Euclidian metric are strongly consistent. The ideas behind the MSP method are extended and a class of estimation methods is introduced. These methods, called generalized MSP methods, are derived from approxima­tions based on sum-functions of rath order spacings of certain information mea­sures, i.e. the ^-divergences introduced by Csiszår (1963). It is shown under general conditions that generalized MSP methods give consistent estimates. In particular, it is proved that generalized MSP methods give L1 consistent esti­mates in any family of distributions with unimodal densities, without any further conditions on the distributions. Other properties such as distributional robust­ness are also discussed. Several limit theorems for sum-functions of rath order spacings are given, for ra fixed as well as for the case when ra is allowed to in­crease to infinity with the sample size. These results provide a strongly consistent nonparametric estimator of entropy, as well as a characterization of the uniform distribution. Further, it is shown that Cressie's (1976) goodness of fit test is strongly consistent against all continuous alternatives.
digitalisering@umu
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Vosika, Jan. "Rám kabiny výtahu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229226.

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This thesis deals with the structural design of the rope traction elevator load 1600 kg. Calculation of anchor guides for the design and strength check. Frame analysis by finite element method. Frame design changes with regard to reliability design. The work also includes drawing the proposed changes. This thesis was carried out in cooperation with the firm Liftmont CZ s.r.o.
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Books on the topic "Maximum spacing method"

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Cheng, Russell. Infinite Likelihood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198505044.003.0008.

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This chapter examines methods that overcome a difficulty with infinite likelihoods. In shifted threshold distributions where the PDF has the form f(y) ∼ k(b,c)(y−a)c−1, if y tends to the threshold parameter a, then the log-likelihood tends to infinity if c < 1 and a also tends to y(1) the smallest observation. The maximum likelihood (ML) method fails in this case, yielding parameter estimates that are not consistent. A method is described overcoming this problem, called the maximum product of spacings method. This yields parameter estimates with the same consistency and asymptotic normality properties as ML estimators when these exist, and which yield, when c < 1 where ML fails, consistent estimates with that for a hyper-efficient. Confidence intervals for a are difficult to obtain theoretically when c < 2. A method is given using percentiles of the stable law distribution and this is numerically compared with bootstrap confidence intervals.
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Cheng, Russell. Box-Cox Transformations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198505044.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the well-known Box-Cox method, which transforms a sample of non-normal observations into approximately normal form. Two non-standard aspects are highlighted. First, the likelihood of the transformed sample has an unbounded maximum, so that the maximum likelihood estimate is not consistent. The usually suggested remedy is to assume grouped data so that the sample becomes multinomial. An alternative method is described that uses a modified likelihood similar to the spacings function. This eliminates the infinite likelihood problem. The second problem is that the power transform used in the Box-Cox method is left-bounded so that the transformed observations cannot be exactly normal. This biases estimates of observational probabilities in an uncertain way. Moreover, the distributions fitted to the observations are not necessarily unimodal. A simple remedy is to assume the transformed observations have a left-bounded distribution, like the exponential; this is discussed in detail, and a numerical example given.
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Cheng, Russell. Change-Point Models. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198505044.003.0011.

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This chapter investigates change-point (hazard rate) probability models for the random survival time in some population of interest. A parametric probability distribution is assumed with parameters to be estimated from a sample of observed survival times. If a change-point parameter, denoted by τ‎, is included to represent the time at which there is a discrete change in hazard rate, then the model is non-standard. The profile log-likelihood, with τ‎ as profiling parameter, has a discontinuous jump at every τ‎ equal to a sampled value, becoming unbounded as τ‎ tends to the largest observation. It is known that maximum likelihood estimation can still be used provided the range of τ‎ is restricted. It is shown that the alternative maximum product of spacings method is consistent without restriction on τ‎. Censored observations which commonly occur in survival-time data can be accounted for using Kaplan-Meier estimation. A real data numerical example is given.
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Book chapters on the topic "Maximum spacing method"

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Salem Mohamed, Serageldin, Agnes M. Samuel, Herbert W. Doty, Salvador Valtierra, and Fawzy H. Samuel. "Generation and Relaxation of Residual Stresses in Automotive Cylinder Blocks." In Automotive System Engineering - New Methods and Optimal Solutions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93664.

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There is direct proportionality between ultimate tensile stress (UTS) and residual stresses (RS). Residual stresses gradually decrease with decreasing cooling/quenching rates. Quenching in cold water develops highest, whereas air cooling produces lowest, residual stresses. Significant increase in RS is observed in specimens with low dendrite arm spacing (high solidification rate), while lower residual stresses are measured in specimens with high dendrite arm spacing (low solidification rate). For I-4 and V-6 engine blocks, there is refinement in microstructure due to the increase in solidification rate along the cylinder length. The developed residual stresses are normally tensile in both engine types. Air cooling following solution heat treatment produces higher RS compared to warm water and cold water quenching. Solution heat treatment and freezing lead to maximum RS relaxation where 50% of the stresses are reduced after the solution heat treatment step. Aging time and temperature are directly proportional to the residual stresses relaxation. Relaxation of RS also depends on the geometry and size of the workpiece. It should be mentioned here that the I-4 and V-6 cylinder blocks were provided by Nemak-Canada (Windsor-Ontario-Canada). Residual stress measurements technique and procedure are typical of those used by the automotive industry in order to provide reliable data for industrial applications supported by intensive experiments.
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"Field and laboratory tests were conducted (18-23), survey and review of the tests have been reported (24-26). Some correlation of theoretical and experimental data can be found in reference (27). The aforementioned brief review is limited to right (not skewed) straight (not curved) composite concrete slab on more than two steel girders type bridges. Distribution of loads for other types is being investigated under the NCHRP Project 12-26, which includes literature review and evaluation of available information. This will eventually lead to a recommended load distribution method (to replace the one that exists now) for consideration by AASHTO subcommittee on bridges and structures. The continuous portion of the bridge is about 1320 feet long, along its center line, and is composed of 6 continuous spans. The longest span is 300 feet (span 4) and it is the second continuous span from west to east (Bangor to Brewer). The spans west (span 3) and east (span 5) of the longest span are 199 feet and 247 feet respectively. The bridge is slightly curved in plan in spans 3 and 4. The bridge has 8 steel girders which are spaced at 14.0 ft. minimum to about 21 ft. maximum spacings. The girders are welded plate girders made of ASTM A588 unpainted weathering steel. The total depth of the girders in span 4 is about 10 ft. The webs are reinforced by single sided intermediate vertical stiffeners spaced at 10 to 13 ft apart. Intermediate cross-bracing diaphragms are provided between the girders at spacings vary between 17.5 and 25 feet. The bridge deck is composed of a 12 inch reinforced concrete slab which acts compositly with the steel girders (using shear connectors), and a 3 inch bituminous wearing surface. The top flange of the steel girders are embeded in the concrete and the depth of the slab over the top flange is 16 inches at the haunch. The haunch is rectangular and has a width equals the width of the steel flange plus 8 inches; 4 inches on each side of the steel flange. of the two middle girders (girder 5) was instrumented by 30 strain gages. The strain gages were Installed within span 4 (the longest span) as described in the following. Eighteen gages were installed at the location of one of the four bolted splices within the span; Six at the top flange, six." In Composite Steel Structures, 47. CRC Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286359-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Maximum spacing method"

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Tao, Longbin, Hao Song, and Subrata Chakrabarti. "Spacing Effect on Hydrodynamics of Two Adjacent Offshore Caissons." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79226.

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In this paper, scaled boundary finite-element method (SBFEM) is extended to study wave interaction with two adjacent rectangular cylinders. In addition to the advantages in accurate and efficient representation of singularities and unbounded domains, the modified SBFEM shows distinct capability in dealing with wave diffraction including adjacent multiple structure interactions. Comparisons of wave runup and wave forces on each cylinder of the two adjacent offshore caissons with traditional panel method demonstrate a high accuracy achieved with excellent computational efficiency. Detailed results and discussion of the spacing effect on the hydrodynamics of the two cylinder system are presented. Design recommendations are made based on the maximum wave forces on both caissons.
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Borumand, Mohammad, Taehun Lee, and Gisuk Hwang. "Enhanced Wickability of Thin Non-Uniform Sintered Particle Wicks Using Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24311.

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Abstract Thin non-uniform particle size wicks are essential to improve the maximum heat flux of two-phase thermal management systems by improving the wickability. To understand the enhanced wickability, we examine a pore-scale capillary flow within the thin sintered particle wick using a free-energy-based, single-component, two-phase Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) with a minimal parasitic current. The developed LBM approach is validated through the rate-of-rise in the two-parallel plates with parallel plates spacing of W = 48 against analytical Bosanquet equation, achieving the RMS error below 10%. The LBM predicts the rate-of-rise through the uniform and non-uniform particle-size wicks between two-parallel plate, including the capillary meniscus front and dynamic capillary filling. At the same plate spacing and porosity, i.e., W = 48 lu and ε = 0.75, the non-uniform particle size wick achieves enhanced wickability by providing the selective flow pathway through pore networks formed in the smaller pores between the small/large particles, which is in qualitative agreement with previous experimental results. The enhancement of the maximum and minimum dimensionless liquid height and the liquid-filled pore ratio of non-uniform particle size wick is found to be up to 11.1, 27.47, and 26.11%, respectively. The simulation results provide insights into the optimal wick structures for high heat flux two-phase thermal management system by enhancing the wickability through the non-uniform particle (or pore) sizes.
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Xing, Yunfei, and Bernhard Weigand. "Experimental Investigation on Staggered Impingement Heat Transfer on a Rib Roughened Plate With Different Crossflow Schemes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22043.

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A nine-by-nine staggered jet array impinging on a flat or rib roughened plate at Reynolds numbers from 15,000 to 35,000 has been studied by the transient liquid crystal method. The jet-to-plate spacings are adjusted to be 3, 4 and 5 jet diameters. Three jet-induced crossflow schemes, referred as minimum, medium and maximum crossflow correspondingly, have been measured. The local air jet temperature is measured at several positions on the impingement plate to account for an appropriate reference temperature of the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer results of the rib roughened plate are compared with those of the flat plate. The best heat transfer performance is obtained with the minimum crossflow and narrow jet-to-plate spacing no matter on a flat or roughened plate. The presence of rib turbulators on the target plate produce higher heat transfer coefficients than the flat plate for narrow jet-to-plate spacing by 7.5%. Note that this value is within the measurement uncertainty of 9%.
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Hattori, Yasuhisa, Hiromu Hashimoto, and Masayuki Ochiai. "Optimum Design of Magnetic Head Slider Under Static and Dynamic Operation Conditions of Hard Disk Drive." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8283.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to develop the general methodology for the optimum design of magnetic head slider for improving the spacing characteristics between head slider and disk surfaces under the static and dynamic operation conditions of hard disk drive and to present an application of the methodology to IBM 3380-type slider design. In the optimum design, the objective function is defined as the weighted sum of minimum spacing, maximum difference of spacing due to variation of radial location of head and maximum amplitude ratio of slider motion. Slider rail width, taper length, taper angle, suspension position and preload are selected as the design variables. Before the optimization of magnetic head slider, the effects of these five design variables on the objective function are examined by the parametric study, and then the optimum design variables are determined by applying the hybrid optimization technique combining the direct search method and the successive quadratic programming (SQP). From the results obtained, the effectiveness of optimum design on the spacing characteristics of magnetic head slider is clarified.
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Yang, Wen Jei, Takahiro Furukawa, and Shuichi Torii. "Optimal Package Design of Stacks of Convection-Cooled Printed Circuit Boards Using Entropy Generation Minimization Method." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32195.

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Thermal optimization of a stack of printed circuit boards using entropy generation minimization (EGM) method is presented. The study consists of two parts. One is focused on the entropy generation of a module in periodically fully-developed channel flow (PDF), while the other is the optimization applied to electronic packages composed of a stack of printed circuit boards. In the process of optimizing electronics packaging, consideration is given to two constraints which are the maximum junction temperature specified by a chip manufacturer and the allowable pressure difference across the channel maintained by cooling fans. The Reynolds number, block geometry and bypass flow area ratio are varied to search for an optimal channel spacing using the EGM method whose validity is borne out by comparing with those obtained by the conventional thermal optimization (or overall thermal conductance) method. A dimensionless optimal board spacing parameter C is derived which involves the relative migration speed (or time) of heat transfer and viscous friction over the PDF channel length. A correlation equation is derived which expresses C in terms of the Reynolds number and block geometry. This equation can be employed in the optimal design of electronic packages.
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Ledezma, Gustavo A., and Ronald S. Bunker. "The Optimal Distribution of Chordwise Rib Fin Arrays for Blade Tip Cap Underside Cooling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68432.

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A fundamental question in the design of fin-augmented heat transfer surfaces is how to determine the optimal spacing between the fins. It has already been demonstrated that considerable heat transfer augmentation in the underside of an HPT turbine blade tip cap can be achieved using arrays of discrete shaped pins [5]. However, it is desirable to predict the maximum heat transfer augmentation that can be achieved by installing the array of fins and the geometric arrangement (fin-to-fin spacing) that has to be used to achieve such augmentation. In this paper chordwise parallel ribs installed on the underside of a blade tip cap are studied. The objective is to maximize the overall thermal conductance between the fin array and the surrounding fluid. The optimization is performed numerically in the range 25,000<Re<100,000 and Pr = 0.72. The behavior of the optimal spacing data is explained and correlated analytically using the method of intersecting the two asymptotes: small spacing and large spacing heat transfer [7].
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Sun, Tianrui, Anping Hou, Mingming Zhang, Yonghong Niu, Jian Gao, and Haoyan Guo. "Analysis on the Reduction of Rotor Blade Vibration Using Asymmetric Vane Spacing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42778.

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Asymmetric vane spacing design has drawn the attention of many researchers as a targeted and potential method of controlling the blade forced response. In this paper, we studied the influence of asymmetric stator vane spacing variation on the reduction of downstream rotor blade vibration. We use a simplified method to calculate the aerodynamic force on the rotor blade surface. To validate the accuracy of the simplified method and to calculate rotor blade vibration response under asymmetric aerodynamic load, a transient analytical fluid-structure interaction method was applied. In this paper, we adopt two high pressure turbine stages as the research objects. We compared the stress fluctuation characteristics of the rotor blades in the two stages to study the similarity and difference under asymmetric vane spacing. The results indicated that asymmetric vane design does not affect the aerodynamic performance of the turbine stage very much. The level of excitation force at specific frequencies on the rotor blade surface can be reduced by applying a proper distribution of asymmetric vanes, which led to a significant impact on the reduction of the amplitude of vibration stress of the rotor blade. By the comparison of two turbine stages, we certified that the influence of vane spacing changes on average stress of the rotor blade is determined by the relationship between aerodynamic force direction and the rotor blade deformation direction. Fatigue life of STAGE B rotor blade could be increased by a maximum of 20.3% in case B2. The result shows that it is possible to reduce vibration and increase rotor blade fatigue life by asymmetric vane designs by applying a judicious choice of asymmetric parameter.
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Simon, Vilmos V. "Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis and Stresses in Spiral Bevel Gears." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86164.

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Abstract:
The method for loaded tooth contact analysis is applied for the investigation of the influence of misalignments and tooth errors on load distribution, stresses and transmission errors in mismatched spiral bevel gears. By using the corresponding computer program the influence of pinion’s offset and axial adjustment error, angular position error of the pinion axis and tooth spacing error on tooth contact pressure, tooth root stresses and angular displacement of the driven gear member from the theoretically exact position based on the ratio of the numbers of teeth is investigated. The obtained results have shown that in general, the misalignments in spiral bevel gears worsen the conjugation of contacting tooth surfaces and in extreme cases cause edge contact with high tooth contact pressures. But, some mismatches, as are the axial movement of the pinion apex towards the gear teeth or the tip relief of pinion teeth (in this analysis it is represented by the tooth spacing error) reduce the maximum tooth contact pressure. Also it can be concluded that the misalignments and the tooth spacing errors significantly increase the angular position error of the driven gear from the theoretically exact position based on the numbers of teeth and make the motion graphs unbalanced.
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9

Andreozzi, Assunta, Nicola Bianco, Giovanni Lacasa, and Vincenzo Naso. "Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Convergent Vertical Channel With a Moving Plate." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95502.

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A numerical investigation of mixed convection in air in a convergent vertical channel, due to the interaction between a buoyancy flow and a moving plate induced flow, is presented. The plate moves at a constant velocity along the buoyancy force direction and the principal inclined walls of the channel are heated at uniform heat flux. The numerical analysis is carried out by means of the finite volume method, using the commercial code Fluent. The effects of the channel spacing, wall heat flux, moving plate velocity and converging angle are investigated. Heated wall temperature increases at increasing converging angle, except for natural convection in a 10 mm minimum channel gap. The effect of the converging angle on the wall temperatures is less marked at the larger channel spacing. Maximum temperature of the moving plate is attained in the parallel wall channel for a 30 W m−2 wall heat flux, both in the 10 mm and 40 mm channel, whereas for a 220 W m−2 wall heat flux in the 40 mm channel in mixed convection, maximum wall temperatures are exhibited for a 10° angle. Nusselt, Reynolds and Richardson numbers are correlated by a monomial equation for each converging angle and a unique monomial correlation for all investigated angles in the 2.1·10−2 – 5.1·105 Richardson number range is presented.
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10

Atanassov, Ivan, C. Tyler Dick, and Christopher P. L. Barkan. "Siding Spacing and the Incremental Capacity of the Transition From Single to Double Track." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3831.

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The North American freight railroad network is projected to experience rising transportation demand in the coming decades, leading to increased congestion along many rail corridors. Increased interest in expanded passenger service on shared rail corridors will also create additional capacity demand. However, the nation’s rail lines are still predominantly single track with passing sidings, making double track installation a vital capacity upgrade measure to sustain future volumes. Since increasing capacity through double track installation requires significant capital investment, the second main track must be allocated along a line in an optimal manner to provide maximum return on investment. An approach of investing in the least costly segments first may yield good results, but only if the benefits for each segment are equal. This research seeks to identify if the benefit of double track varies between bottleneck segments, and if there are compounding benefits of double track between adjacent passing sidings. Previous research has explored the allocation of double track on an idealized line with evenly spaced passing sidings. Due to numerous physical and engineering constraints, existing lines often exhibit a mixture of siding spacing with single-track bottleneck sections of varying length. To investigate the incremental capacity of adding double-track segments to a route with variable siding spacing, several build-out strategies are tested on a representative subdivision under random, mixed freight and passenger traffic via Rail Traffic Controller simulation software. The presented results highlight the most effective method, based on train delay, of incremental single to double track expansion and the potential differences in benefit between strategies. The linear delay reduction characteristics of single-to-double track mainlines vary based on the initial spatial arrangement of passing sidings and amount of second main track installed. These results further the understanding of relationships between infrastructure location and freight delay, thereby serving as a guideline for the sustainable expansion of existing rail corridors in anticipation of future demands. While railroads must consider many factors in selecting capital expansion projects, these guidelines can streamline the decision process by helping to quickly identify the projects with the most potential for more detailed engineering evaluation. The methodology presented can eventually be incorporated into analyzing the progressions from double to triple track lines.
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