Academic literature on the topic 'Maximum velocity sprinting'
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Journal articles on the topic "Maximum velocity sprinting"
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Clark, Kenneth P. "Determinants of Top Speed Sprinting: Minimum Requirements for Maximum Velocity." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 8289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168289.
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Faster top sprinting speeds require shorter ground contact times, larger vertical forces, and greater thigh angular velocities and accelerations. Here, a framework using fundamental kinematic and kinetic relationships is presented that explores the effect of body dimensions on these mechanical determinants of sprinting performance. The analysis is applied to three hypothetical runners of different leg lengths to illustrate how these mechanical determinants of speed vary with body dimensions. Specific attention is focused on how the following variables scale with leg length and top speed: ground contact time, step rate, step length, ratio of step length to leg length, ratio of vertical force to body weight, total thigh range of motion, average thigh angular velocity, and maximum thigh angular acceleration. The analysis highlights the inherent biological tradeoffs that interplay to govern the optimal dimensions for sprinting speed and underscores that accounting for leg length may facilitate interpretation in future investigations examining the relationship between these mechanical variables and top speed. Furthermore, for athletes with given body dimensions and sprinting performance goals, this framework could help to establish the minimum requirements for maximum velocity.
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Mattes, Klaus, Stefanie Wolff, and Shahab Alizadeh. "Kinematic Stride Characteristics of Maximal Sprint Running of Elite Sprinters – Verification of the “Swing-Pull Technique”." Journal of Human Kinetics 77, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0008.
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Abstract Maximum sprinting speed constitutes an optimum relation between the stride length and the step rate in addition to an appropriate sprinting technique. The kinematics of the sprint step at maximum sprinting speed have already been examined in numerous studies, without reaching a consensus. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between maximum sprinting speed and the stride kinematics based on the “Swing-Pull Technique”. German elite sprinters (N = 26, body height = 182 ± 6 cm, leg length 93.8 ± 4.1 cm) were tested while performing a 30-meter flying sprint at maximum sprinting speed. The relationship between sprinting speed and kinematic variables was determined via Pearson correlation. Sprinting speed (10.1 – 11.3 m/s) correlated with stride length (r = 0.53), ground contact time (r = -0.53) and variables from the technique model: the knee angle at the end of the knee lift swing (r = 0.40), the maximum knee angle prior to backswing (r = 0.40), the hip extension angle velocity (r = 0.63), and vertical foot velocity (r = 0.77) during pre-support, the ankle angle at the take-on (r = -0.43), knee flexion (r = -0.54), and knee extension (r = -0.47) during support. The results indicate that greater stride length, smaller contact time, and the mentioned kinematic step characteristics are relevant for the production of maximum sprinting speed in athletes at an intermediate to advanced performance level. The association of sprinting speed and these features should primarily be taken into account in conditioning and technical training.
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Waters, Amy, Elissa Phillips, Derek Panchuk, and Andrew Dawson. "Coach and Biomechanist Experiential Knowledge of Maximum Velocity Sprinting Technique." International Sport Coaching Journal 6, no. 2 (May 2019): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2018-0009.
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Carlos-Vivas, Jorge, Elena Marín-Cascales, Tomás T. Freitas, Jorge Perez-Gomez, and Pedro E. Alcaraz. "Force-Velocity-Power Profiling During Weighted-Vest Sprinting in Soccer." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 6 (July 1, 2019): 747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0490.
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Purpose: To describe the load–velocity relationship and the effects of increasing loads on spatiotemporal and derived kinetic variables of sprinting using weighted vests (WV) in soccer players and determining the load that maximizes power output. Methods: A total of 23 soccer players (age 20.8 [1.5] y) performed 10 maximal 30-m sprints wearing a WV with 5 different loads (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% body mass [BM]). Sprint velocity and time were collected using a radar device and wireless photocells. Mechanical outputs were computed using a recently developed valid and reliable field method that estimates the step-averaged ground-reaction forces during overground sprint acceleration from anthropometric and spatiotemporal data. Raw velocity–time data were fitted by an exponential function and used to calculate the net horizontal ground-reaction forces and horizontal power output. Individual linear force–velocity relationships were then extrapolated to calculate the theoretical maximum horizontal force (F0) and velocity and the ratio of force application (proportion of the total force production that is directed forward at sprint start). Results: Magnitude-based inferences showed an almost certain decrease in F0 (effect size = 0.78–3.35), maximum power output (effect size = 0.78–3.81), and maximum ratio of force (effect size = 0.82–3.87) as the load increased. The greatest changes occurred with loads heavier than 20% BM, especially in ratio of force. In addition, the maximum power was achieved under unloaded conditions. Conclusions: Increasing load in WV sprinting affects spatiotemporal and kinetic variables. The greatest change in ratio of force happened with loads heavier than 20% BM. Thus, the authors recommend the use of loads ≤20% BM for WV sprinting.
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Rumpf, Michael C., John B. Cronin, Jonathan Oliver, and Michael Hughes. "Kinematics and Kinetics of Maximum Running Speed in Youth Across Maturity." Pediatric Exercise Science 27, no. 2 (May 2015): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2014-0064.
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Sprinting is an important physical capacity and the development of sprint ability can take place throughout the athlete’s growth. The purpose of this study therefore was to determine if the kinematics and kinetics associated with maximum sprint velocity differs in male youth participants of different maturity status (pre, mid- and postpeak height velocity (PHV)) and if maximum sprint velocity is determined by age, maturity or individual body size measurement. Participants (n = 74) sprinted over 30 meters on a nonmotorized treadmill and the fastest four consecutive steps were analyzed. Pre-PHV participants were found to differ significantly (p < .05) to mid- and post-PHV participants in speed, step length, step frequency, vertical and horizontal force, and horizontal power (~8-78%). However, only relative vertical force and speed differed significantly between mid and post-PHV groups. The greatest average percent change in kinetics and kinematics was observed from pre- to mid-PHV (37.8%) compared with mid- to post- PHV groups (11.6%). When maturity offset was entered as a covariate, there was no significant difference in velocity between the three groups. However, all groups were significantly different from each other when age was chosen as the covariate. The two best predictors of maximal velocity within each maturity group were power and horizontal force (R2 = 97−99%) indicating the importance of horizontal force application while sprinting. Finally, maturity explained 83% of maximal velocity across all groups.
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Shah, Sunnan, Kieran Collins, and Lewis J. Macgregor. "The Influence of Weekly Sprint Volume and Maximal Velocity Exposures on Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Professional Football Players." Sports 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports10080125.
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Background: Hamstring strains are the most common moderate-major severity injuries in football. The majority of hamstring injuries occur during sprinting, with low eccentric hamstring strength being associated with an elevated risk. Objective: To examine the relationship between sprinting and eccentric hamstring strength by monitoring total weekly sprint distance and weekly efforts > 90% and >95% of maximum velocity. Methods: Fifty-eight professional male footballers were observed over one-and-a-half seasons. Players’ running was monitored during training and matches using GPS, and eccentric hamstring strength was measured weekly. Results: Weekly sprint distance (ρ = −0.13, p < 0.01) and weekly efforts >90% of maximum velocity (ρ = −0.08, p = 0.01) both displayed significant inverse relationships with the percentage change in eccentric hamstring strength; weekly efforts >95% of maximum velocity showed no relationship with hamstring strength (ρ = −0.02, p = 0.45). Only weekly efforts >90% of maximum velocity significantly influenced the mean percentage change in eccentric hamstring force, F(3,58) = 3.71, p = 0.01, with significant differences occurring when comparing 7–8 sprint efforts with 0–2 efforts (0.11%, p = 0.03) and 5–6 efforts (0.12%, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Eccentric hamstring strength levels significantly decrease when 7–8 weekly sprint efforts are completed at >90% of maximum velocity. Monitoring weekly sprint loading at velocities > 90% of maximum velocity may be valuable to help to reduce the risk of hamstring injuries in professional football.
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Osterwald, Katja M., David T. Kelly, Thomas M. Comyns, and Ciarán Ó. Catháin. "Resisted Sled Sprint Kinematics: The Acute Effect of Load and Sporting Population." Sports 9, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9100137.
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In this study, we assessed the acute kinematic effects of different sled load conditions (unloaded and at 10%, 20%, 30% decrement from maximum velocity (Vdec)) in different sporting populations. It is well-known that an athlete’s kinematics change with increasing sled load. However, to our knowledge, the relationship between the different loads in resisted sled sprinting (RSS) and kinematic characteristics is unknown. Thirty-three athletes (sprinters n = 10; team sport athletes n = 23) performed a familiarization session (day 1), and 12 sprints at different loads (day 2) over a distance of 40 m. Sprint time and average velocity were measured. Sagittal-plane high-speed video data was recorded for early acceleration and maximum velocity phase and joint angles computed. Loading introduced significant changes to hip, knee, ankle, and trunk angle for touch-down and toe-off for the acceleration and maximum velocity phase (p < 0.05). Knee, hip, and ankle angles became more flexed with increasing load for all groups and trunk lean increased linearly with increasing loading conditions. The results of this study provide coaches with important information that may influence how RSS is employed as a training tool to improve sprint performance for acceleration and maximal velocity running and that prescription may not change based on sporting population, as there were only minimal differences observed between groups. The trunk lean increase was related to the heavy loads and appeared to prevent athletes to reach mechanics that were truly reflective of maximum velocity sprinting. Lighter loads seem to be more adequate to not provoke changes in maxV kinematics. However, heavy loading extended the distance over which it is possible to train acceleration.
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Lam, Wing-Kai, Winson Chiu-Chun Lee, Wei Min Lee, Christina Zong-Hao Ma, and Pui Wah Kong. "Segmented Forefoot Plate in Basketball Footwear: Does it Influence Performance and Foot Joint Kinematics and Kinetics?" Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0044.
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This study examined the effects of shoes’ segmented forefoot stiffness on athletic performance and ankle and metatarsophalangeal joint kinematics and kinetics in basketball movements. Seventeen university basketball players performed running vertical jumps and 5-m sprints at maximum effort with 3 basketball shoes of various forefoot plate conditions (medial plate, medial + lateral plates, and no-plate control). One-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine the differences in athletic performance, joint kinematics, and joint kinetics among the 3 footwear conditions (α = .05). Results indicated that participants wearing medial + lateral plates shoes demonstrated 2.9% higher jump height than those wearing control shoes (P = .02), but there was no significant differences between medial plate and control shoes (P > .05). Medial plate shoes produced greater maximum plantar flexion velocity than the medial + lateral plates shoes (P < .05) during sprinting. There were no significant differences in sprint time. These findings implied that inserting plates spanning both the medial and lateral aspects of the forefoot could enhance jumping, but not sprinting performances. The use of a medial plate alone, although induced greater plantar flexion velocity at the metatarsophalangeal joint during sprinting, was not effective in improving jump heights or sprint times.
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Alcaraz, P., J. Palao, J. Elvira, and N. Linthorne. "EFFECTS OF A SAND RUNNING SURFACE ON THE KINEMATICS OF SPRINTING AT MAXIMUM VELOCITY." Biology of Sport 28, no. 2 (May 12, 2011): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/942737.
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Miller, Ross H., Brian R. Umberger, and Graham E. Caldwell. "Sensitivity of maximum sprinting speed to characteristic parameters of the muscle force–velocity relationship." Journal of Biomechanics 45, no. 8 (May 2012): 1406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.02.024.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Maximum velocity sprinting"
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Bezodis, Ian Nicholas. "Biomechanical performance variation in maximum velocity sprinting." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432390.
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Sides, D. L. "Kinematics and kinetics of maximal velocity sprinting and specificity of training in elite athletes." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34332/.
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Maximal velocity sprinting has been studied extensively from a biomechanical standpoint, however little is known of the biomechanics characteristics at sprint velocities that typify elite athletic performance, due to the difficulties in accessing such athletes and collecting data within a competitive environment. Research has investigated the optimal training to achieve such velocities, with a focus on the specificity of training principle. However the specificity of the common training methods of elite sprinters is yet to be investigated from a biomechanical perspective. Investigations of ten international level sprinters in a competition environment revealed the kinematic variables which characterise sprint velocities exceeding 10.0m/s. Elite sprinters minimised the touchdown distance and knee flexion during ground contact, and terminated stance prior to full extension of the hip and knee. An additional kinetic analysis on six elite male sprinters revealed a greater hip angle at touchdown and higher maximum and average hip velocities in swing were associated with lower peak braking forces. Reduced hip and knee extension at toe-off along with a greater degree of maximum hip flexion were associated with a higher vertical impulse. A movement specificity framework was developed to quantify the holistic specificity of training methods based on biomechanical movement principles. The Bulgarian split squat drop had a high specificity to maximal velocity sprinting with respect to the loading principles. Running drills were highly specific based on coordination principles, in particular the leg extension velocities in the late phases of stance. The kinematic and kinetic models can be used by coaches to evaluate individual athletes against true elite sprinting, whilst the movement specificity framework can be utilised to design and maximise the specificity of sprint training programmes.
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Waters, Amy. "The Art of Coaching vs. The Science of Movement: Integrating Experiential Knowledge and Scientific Evidence into Coaching Practices." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/41810/.
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The overall aim of this research was to examine the factors that influence the coach-biomechanist relationship in the elite sprinting context and gain an understanding of the factors that impede and enhance performance environments and relationships. It is thought that the transfer of sport science research into coaching practice is not as efficient as it should be, as it has been established that coaches are not using sport science as a source of knowledge. Subsequently, this insufficient transfer of knowledge could be limiting potential improvements in athlete performance. Technique analysis is a common area of expertise for both sprint coaches and biomechanists in high-performance sport and was therefore the ideal context to explore the coach-biomechanist relationship in detail.
The first phase of research examined the coach and biomechanists’ understandings of optimal sprint running technique and determined the relationships between the experiential knowledge of the two groups. Findings showed elements that are crucial to optimal sprinting technique, such as the position of the contact foot and extension of the leg during stance. Differences in knowledge between the two groups were complimentary. For example, the biomechanists’ focus on the transition from swing into stance phases and the coaches’ interest in upper body movement. Moreover, the communication of these knowledge differences was potentially problematic. The second phase of this research determined if the knowledge differences found in the first phase influenced the visual search patterns of coaches and biomechanists. This difference was not observed, with visual search behaviour not reflecting the differences in knowledge seen in phase one. The third phase aimed to establish the context in which coaches and biomechanists interact to improve performance. This phase supported previous phases’ results in that communication styles and knowledge differences were impeding factors and added lack of role clarity to this list. The fourth and final phase investigated the interactions and exchange of information that occurs during the technique assessment process. Results showed that the process is a coach-led partnership where rapport building, and equal sharing of knowledge are emphasised.
In summary, this research contributes to the understanding of the coach-sport science relationship by providing practical evidence for numerous concepts in a novel and more specialized population. It increases our understanding of coach technical knowledge and visual perceptual behaviour as well as uniquely incorporating the sport biomechanists’ knowledge and perspective into these investigations. The multi-layered approach used allowed the knowledge, behaviours and interactions that comprise qualitative analysis of technique to be investigated. This has greatly improved our understanding of the coach- biomechanist relationship and the factors that impede and enhance it.
Conference papers on the topic "Maximum velocity sprinting"
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Miller, Ross H., Brian R. Umberger, Joseph Hamill, and Graham E. Caldwell. "Dynamic Optimization of Maximum-Effort Human Sprinting." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205781.
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Maximum speed is an important parameter for sprinting humans, particularly in athletic competitions. While the biomechanics of sprinting have been well-studied [1–3], our understanding of biomechanical limits to maximum speed is still in its infancy. Previous studies have suggested a speed-limiting role for the force-velocity relationship of skeletal muscle [2], but these theories are difficult to verify experimentally due to the difficulty in observing and manipulating human muscle dynamics in vivo.
Reports on the topic "Maximum velocity sprinting"
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Stastny, Petr, Robert Roczniok, Daniel Cleather, Martin Musalek, Dominik Novak, and Michal Vagner. Straight speed and acceleration optimal distances and reference values. A systematic review, and meta-analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0010.
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Review question / Objective: To summarize the sprint reference acceleration and speed values for different sprint distances and suggest optimal unification of ice-hockey straight sprint testing. Eligibility criteria: The title and abstract screening was done by two researchers (PS and RR) who selected a set of articles for full text screening, where the inclusion criteria were: 1) male or female ice-hockey players; 2) any cross-sectional or intervention study; 3) tests of ice-hockey sprinting over any distance or any battery of conditioning tests that included straight-line sprints; and, 4) results reported straight-line sprint distance, speed, time, or acceleration. In the case of disagreement between the evaluating authors, the final decision was made by a third author (MV).The full text screening exclusion criteria were: 1) if the article was not in English; 2) the testing did not include straight-line sprinting; 3) the reported values did not include data distribution; 4) the study reported only maximum speed without skating time or average speed; 5) the end of the sprint was defined by the point the player stopped sprinting; 6) the measurement was made with a stopwatch; and, 7) the study had high bias estimation. The maximum speed test was not included due to the uncertain velocity conditions at beginning of testing distance. The bias estimation was performed using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies (supplementary material 1).