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Smita, P. Galphade, P. Galphade Yogesh, and D. Dhadse Manish. "Effect Of Body Fat Percentage On Maximum Ventilatory Volume (MVV) In Young Adults Of Indian Population." International Journal of Basic and Applied Physiology 2, no. 1 (2013): 118–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4483104.
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Obesity impairs quality of life by causing various hazardous effects on respiratory functions of an individual along with other medical complications. The objective of the study was to evaluate effect of body fat percentage on MVV in young adults of Indian population. Method: 120 students of 18-25 years age group who had no lung disease were recruited. Their age, sex, height, weight was recorded. Students with BMI 18.5- 24.9 kg/m2 constituted control group and students with BMI 25.0 -29.9kg/m2 constituted study group. Skinfold thickness was calculated using 4-site method (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) with the help of Skinfold Caliper. Body fat percentage was calculated by using Durnin and Womersley method. MVV was recorded by computerised spirometry. The statistical analysis was done using appropriate tests. Result: The study group presented with lower values of MVV than control group. Moreover MVV was having strong negative correlation with body fat percentage. Conclusion: The effect of body fat percentage on MVV indicates that obesity affects pulmonary mechanics of an individual.
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Abdelaal, Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed, Ehab Mohamed Abo El Soad Abd El Kafy, Mohamed Salah Eldien Mohamed Elayat, Mohamed Sabbahi, and Mohamed Salem Saed Badghish. "Changes in pulmonary function and functional capacity in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis: observational cohort study." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 1 (2017): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060517715375.
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Objective This observational cohort study aimed to evaluate ventilatory function (VF) and functional exercise capacity (FEC) in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods Seventy-three adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, aged approximately 10 to 17 years (mean age: 13.43 ± 1.27 years), with a Cobb angle less than 20° (mean: 16.44° ± 1.59°), met the inclusion criteria and were assigned to group A. Another 34 healthy adolescents with normal VF and FEC served as controls (group B). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and FEC (by the 6-minute walk test [6MWT]) were the main outcome measures. Results Post-study mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and the 6MWT were 2.42 ± 0.36 L and 3.26 ± 0.59 L, 2.14 ± 0.31 L and 3.03 ± 0.43 L, 88.13% ± 3.89% and 91.14% ± 4.67%, 76.96 ± 6.85 L/m and 107.61 ± 11.44 L/m, and 581.12 ± 12.25 m and 627.74 ± 15.27 m in groups A and B, respectively. Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and the 6MWT. Conclusion Mild pulmonary and functional restrictions start early in mild AIS. This issue requires immediate intervention to prevent further deterioration.
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Adhikari, Snehunsu, Adilakshmi Perla, Suresh Babu Sayana, Mithilesh K. Tiwari, and Tambi Medabala. "Evaluation of lung function among the Indian elite female weightlifters." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (2017): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170648.
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Background: Spirometry is an essential tool to evaluate lung function of health and disease. Adaptability of lung and chest among athletes can be assessed by lung function test (LFT). The quest of our study was to evaluate the lung function (LF) of highly trained Indian female weighting athletes, and intended to appraise the adaptation of LF among trained elite athletes.Methods: Top ranked Indian female professional weightlifters (study group, n=6) were recruited for this study. Three out of the six weightlifters were from top ten world ranking of 6th, 7th and 9th. Age matched controls (control group, n=6) were selected for this study. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) have been evaluated as per the ATS/ERS guidelines.Results: Statistically higher significant values of VC and FVC were noted in study group, where as other values (MVV, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC%) found no significant difference between two groups.Conclusions: Power, strength and explosiveness of the skeletal muscles are vital domains in weightlifting sport. Weightlifting is such a sport doesn’t require much ventilatory efforts during training as well as competition. This study clueing that physiological adaptation/ improvement of the pulmonary function (PF) depends on the type of the sport being engaged by the athletes.
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Salvi, Dhairya, and Dhanvi Moradia. "Effect of obesity on lung function test among adults." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 12 (2020): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20204965.
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Background: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive body fat that causes damage to the individual’s health and is associated with comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension and vascular dysfunction. This cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of obesity on lung function test in obese but otherwise healthy adults.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out at tertiary care institute of Gujarat, India. It was conducted over a period of 5 months. A total of 240 adult healthy subjects of both sexes were selected randomly belonging to varying socio-economic status. The study subjects were divided into 3 categories (normal body mass index i.e. BMI, overweight, obese). BMI were calculated for the randomly selected subjects from each list till the desired number in each BMI group were attained. Four respiratory parameters viz. forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 3 seconds (FEV3), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were used to assess their lung functions.Results: Two hundred and forty subjects (each group having n=80). The mean age of group I, group II and group III were 27.45±6.37, 28.18±6.42 and 28.98±6.74 respectively. Lung volumes showed significant difference in relation to the BMI. FVC and FEV1 show significant decrease. Group III verses group I (p˂0.001 and p˂0.017 respectively) FEV3 showed significant difference between group I and group III and between group II and group III (p˂0.001). MVV was significantly lower in group III when compared to group I.Conclusions: There is decline in pulmonary function in obese as compared to normal weight adults. These findings suggest deleterious effects on ventilatory mechanics caused by obesity, due to probable lung compression (reduction in the expiratory reserve volume i.e. ERV), leading to a compensatory increase in the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) in an attempt to maintain a constant vital capacity (VC).
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Kaur, Gurmeet, Sandeep Kaur, Geetika Gupta, and Rajneet Kaur. "Effect of obesity on lung volumes among adults." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 8 (2020): 2828. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20203094.
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Background: Obesity has long been recognized to have significant effect on respiratory functions. Many studies have reported exponential decrease in pulmonary function test (PFT) with increasing body mass index (BMI), which is a crude indicator of obesity. Also, the relationship between BMI and PFTs varies with age, race, geographical region and the different obesity standards used. To the best of our knowledge, not many studies have been done to examine the relationship between obesity and lung volumes among adults in our region, Jammu. This cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of obesity on lung function test in obese but otherwise healthy adults of Jammu region.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jammu region on subjects selected randomly from different colleges in the age group of 18-40 years. The study involved 300 subjects; divided into three groups of 100 each, based on BMI into normal, overweight and obese groups. Four respiratory parameters viz. FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second), FEV3 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 3 seconds), and MVV (Maximum Voluntary Ventilation) were used to assess their lung functions.Results: All the respiratory parameters exhibited statistically significant decrease in obese groups as compared to normal and overweight groups.Conclusions: The present study suggests that obesity alters the respiratory physiology by producing a restrictive ventilatory pattern.
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Blaber, Andrew P., Michael L. Walsh, James B. Carter, Erik L. O. Seedhouse, and Valerie E. Walker. "Cardiopulmonary Physiology and Responses of Ultramarathon Athletes to Prolonged Exercise." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 29, no. 5 (2004): 544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h04-035.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of pulmonary function and autonomic cardiovascular control after an ultramarathon and their relation to performance. Eight entrants to the Canadian National Championship 100-km running race participated in the study. Pulmonary function and 30-s maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV30s) tests were conducted one day before the race and within 5 minutes of race completion. Heart rate and blood pressure data were collected 30 min before and 5 min after the race as well as during a 10-min stand test one day prior to the race. During the race, beat-by-beat R-R interval data were collected over the first and last 20 km. The results showed that MW30s and MW30s tidal volumes were reduced postrace (p < 0.001). Prerace supine total harmonic variation (p < 0.01) and prerace MVV values (10 s to 30 s) (p < 0.05) were correlated with race finish time. The changes in pulmonary function and MW30s values from pre- and postrace were not significantly correlated to race performance. We conclude that maximal sustainable ventilatory power and dynamic autonomic cardiovascular control are important factors in determining overall performance in an ultramarathon. Key words: ultra-endurance, performance, pulmonary function, maximal ventilatory power, heart rate variability
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Kinnear, W., S. Hockley, J. Harvey, and J. Shneerson. "The effects of one year of nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation in chest wall disease." European Respiratory Journal 1, no. 3 (1988): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.01030204.
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The effects of one year of nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation using individually designed cuirass respirators have been investigated in twenty-five patients with chest wall disease. After one year, 22 (88%) of the patients were alive. Daytime arterial blood gases had improved. Functional residual capacity (FRC) had increased but there was no significant change in other lung volumes. Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) improved in the subjects with a scoliosis but not in those with a thoracoplasty or neuromuscular disease. Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) was unchanged. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and six minute walking distance had all increased. There was no improvement in respiratory symptoms, but a decrease in depression scores and in the time taken to complete a trail test. The mean (SD) number of days spent in hospital over the year was 21.5 (15.1) per patient, with patients consulting their general practitioners less frequently than in the year prior to commencing nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation. The cost of commencing a patient on domiciliary nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation is estimated as 2470 pounds, and of maintaining them at home for one year as 3302 pounds.
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Zhou, Longshan, Yuchao Shen, Xiaoping Jin, and Jianfeng Jing. "Effects of Thoracoscopic Right Upper Lobe Apical Segmentectomy on Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Early-Stage NSCLC Patients." Annali Italiani di Chirurgia 95, no. 4 (2024): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.62713/aic.3378.
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AIM: Thoracoscopic lobectomy (TL) is an effective surgical approach for resecting tumor lesions in patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, TL may result in damage to normal lung tissue, potentially impacting prognosis. Thoracoscopic right upper lobe apical segmentectomy (TS) has been proposed as an alternative to improve surgical outcomes, but its impact on exercise capacity and quality of life remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TS on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with early-stage NSCLC. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 120 patients with early-stage NSCLC who underwent surgical treatment in Shangyu People's Hospital of Shaoxing between August 2020 and August 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical approach: the TL group (n = 66) and the TS group (n = 54). The primary objective was to compare surgery-related indicators and the overall incidence of complications between the TS group and the TL group. Additionally, changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum ventilatory volume (MVV), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) scores were evaluated before and after operation. RESULTS: The TS group showed significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss, chest drainage, and hospital stay compared to the TL group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the operation time and the number of lymph node dissections between the two groups after operation (p > 0.05). FVC, FEV1, MVV, and 6MWD values of the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation (p < 0.05). However, FVC, FEV1, MVV, and 6MWD in the TS group were significantly higher than those in the TL group (p < 0.05). The scores of roles, emotion, cognition, social function, and total health status in the two groups after operation were significantly higher than those before operation, and the scores of physical functions, shortness of breath, diarrhea, fatigue, pain, cough and insomnia were significantly lower than those before operation (p < 0.05). Compared to the TL group, the TS group showed higher scores of physical, social function dimensions, and total health status, as well as lower scores of fatigues, shortness of breath, insomnia, and pain (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TS treatment has less surgical trauma and a lower risk of complications for patients with early-stage NSCLC, which is beneficial for promoting postoperative recovery, reducing lung function damage and improving the quality of life of patients.
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Su, Jianhua, Wei Huang, and Pengming Yu. "Effect of inspiratory muscle training in esophageal cancer patients receiving esophagectomy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (2024): e0307069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307069.
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Purpose To identify the clinical effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) among esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Several databases were searched for relevant RCTs up to August 23, 2023. Primary outcomes were respiratory muscle function, including the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and pulmonary function, including the forced expiratory volume in one second % (FEV1%), forced vital capacity% (FVC%), maximal ventilator volume (MVV), FEV1/FVC% and FVC. The secondary outcomes were exercise performance, including the six-minute walk distance test (6MWT) and Borg index; mental function and quality of life, as evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) score; and postoperative complications. All the statistical analyses were performed with REVMAN 5.3 software. Results Eight RCTs were included in this meta-analysis, with 368 patients receiving IMT and 371 control subjects. The pooled results demonstrated that IMT could significantly enhance respiratory muscle function (MIP: MD = 7.14 cmH2O, P = 0.006; MEP: MD = 8.15 cmH2O, P<0.001) and pulmonary function (FEV1%: MD = 6.15%, P<0.001; FVC%: MD = 4.65%, P<0.001; MVV: MD = 8.66 L, P<0.001; FEV1/FVC%: MD = 5.27%, P = 0.03; FVC: MD = 0.50 L, P<0.001). Furthermore, IMT improved exercise performance (6MWT: MD = 66.99 m, P = 0.02; Borg index: MD = -1.09, P<0.001), mental function and quality of life (HADS anxiety score: MD = -2.26, P<0.001; HADS depression score: MD = -1.34, P<0.001; NHP total score: MD = -48.76, P<0.001). However, IMT did not significantly decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. Conclusion IMT improves clinical outcomes, such as respiratory muscle function and pulmonary function, in esophageal cancer patients receiving esophagectomy and has potential for broad applications in the clinic.
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Blakeman, Thomas C., Dario Rodriquez, Warren C. Dorlac, Dennis J. Hanseman, Ellie Hattery, and Richard D. Branson. "Performance of Portable Ventilators for Mass-Casualty Care." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, no. 5 (2011): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1100656x.
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AbstractIntroduction: Disasters and mass-casualty scenarios may overwhelm medical resources regardless of the level of preparation. Disaster response requires medical equipment, such as ventilators, that can be operated under adverse circumstances and should be able to provide respiratory support for a variety of patient populations.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of three portable ventilators designed to provide ventilatory support outside the hospital setting and in mass-casualty incidents, and their adherence to the Task Force for Mass Critical Care recommendations for mass-casualty care ventilators.Methods: Each device was evaluated at minimum and maximum respiratory rate and tidal volume settings to determine the accuracy of set versus delivered VT at lung compliance settings of 0.02, 0.08 and 0.1 L/cm H20 with corresponding resistance settings of 10, 25, and 5 cm H2O/L/sec, to simulate patients with ARDS, severe asthma, and normal lungs. Additionally, different FIO2 settings with each device (if applicable) were evaluated to determine accuracy of FIO2 delivery and evaluate the effect on delivered VT. Ventilators also were tested for duration of battery life.Results: VT decreased with all three devices as compliance decreased. The decrease was more pronounced when the internal compressor was activated. At the 0.65 FIO2 setting on the MCV 200, the measured FIO2 varied widely depending on the set VT. Battery life range was 311-582 minutes with the 73X having the longest battery life. Delivered VT decreased toward the end of battery life with the SAVe having the largest decrease. The respiratory rate on the SAVe also decreased approaching the end of battery life.Conclusion: The 73X and MCV 200 were the closest to satisfying the Task Force for Mass Critical Care requirements for mass casualty ventilators, although neither had the capability to provide PEEP. The 73X provided the most consistent tidal volume delivery across all compliances, had the longest battery duration and the least decline in VT at the end of battery life.
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Babb, T. G., and J. R. Rodarte. "Estimation of ventilatory capacity during submaximal exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 4 (1993): 2016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.4.2016.
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There is presently no precise way to determine ventilatory capacity for a given individual during exercise; however, this information would be helpful in evaluating ventilatory reserve during exercise. Using schematic representations of maximal expiratory flow-volume curves and individual maximal expiratory flow-volume curves from four subjects, we describe a technique for estimating ventilatory capacity. In these subjects, we measured maximal expiratory flow-volume loops at rest and tidal flow-volume loops and inspiratory capacity (IC) during submaximal cycle ergometry. We also compared minute ventilation (VE) during submaximal exercise with calculated ventilatory maxima (VEmaxCal) and with maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) to estimate ventilatory reserve. Using the schematic flow-volume curves, we demonstrated the theoretical effect of maximal expiratory flow and lung volume on ventilatory capacity and breathing pattern. In the subjects, we observed that the estimation of ventilatory reserve with use of VE/VEmaxCal was most helpful in indicating when subjects were approaching maximal expiratory flow over a large portion of tidal volume, especially at submaximal exercise levels where VE/VEmaxCal and VE/MVV differed the most. These data suggest that this technique may be useful in estimating ventilatory capacity, which could then be used to evaluate ventilatory reserve during exercise.
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Yerg, J. E., D. R. Seals, J. M. Hagberg, and J. O. Holloszy. "Effect of endurance exercise training on ventilatory function in older individuals." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 3 (1985): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.3.791.
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To evaluate the effect of endurance training on ventilatory function in older individuals, 1) 14 master athletes (MA) [age 63 +/- 2 yr (mean +/- SD); maximum O2 uptake (VO2max) 52.1 +/- 7.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1] were compared with 14 healthy male sedentary controls (CON) (age 63 +/- 3 yr; VO2max of 27.6 +/- 3.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1), and 2) 11 sedentary healthy men and women, age 63 +/- 2 yr, were reevaluated after 12 mo of endurance training that increased their VO2max 25%. MA had a significantly lower ventilatory response to submaximal exercise at the same O2 uptake (VE/VO2) and greater maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), maximal exercise ventilation (VEmax), and ratio of VEmax to MVV than CON. Except for MVV, all of these parameters improved significantly in the previously sedentary subjects in response to training. Hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) at rest and the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VE/VCO2) during submaximal exercise were similar for MA and CON and unaffected by training. We conclude that the increase in VE/VO2 during submaximal exercise observed with aging can be reversed by endurance training, and that after training, previously sedentary older individuals breathe at the same percentage of MVV during maximal exercise as highly trained athletes of similar age.
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Kiemle Trindade, Inge Elly, José Carlos Manço, and Alceu Sergio Trindade. "Pulmonary Function of Individuals with Congenital Cleft Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 29, no. 5 (1992): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0429_pfoiwc_2.3.co_2.
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Ventilatory pulmonary function was investigated in 160 children and adults with repaired or unrepaired congenital cleft palate in comparison with 130 normal children and adults. Pulmonary function tests included measurement of lung volumes, of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) and of forced spirometry parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio and mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of FVC (FEF25–75). Patients with cleft palate demonstrated significant differences from normal individuals in some of the measurements made. Functional alterations were observed at higher frequency among adult patients with unrepaired clefts and mainly consisted of a reduction in expiratory flows and MVV. However, the deviations observed were usually discrete and probably of low Physiopathologic significance. The results permit us to conclude that, in contrast to data reported by others, subjects with congenital cleft palate have little impairment of pulmonary ventilatory function.
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Kim, Min Hyuk, Jungyo Suh, Hyoun-Joong Kong, and Seung-June Oh. "Maximum Voided Volume Is a Better Clinical Parameter for Bladder Capacity Than Maximum Cystometric Capacity in Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Prospective Cohort Study." International Neurourology Journal 26, no. 4 (2022): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.2244158.079.
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Purpose: Bladder capacity is an important parameter in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunction. We aimed to determine whether the maximum bladder capacity (MCC) measured during a urodynamic study was affected by involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC) in patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).Methods: Between March 2020 and April 2021, we obtained maximum voided volume (MVV) from a 3-day frequency-volume chart, MCC during filling cystometry, and maximum anesthetic bladder capacity (MABC) during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate under spinal or general anesthesia in 139 men with LUTS/BPH aged >50 years. Patients were divided according to the presence of IDC during filling cystometry. We assumed that the MABC is close to the true value of the MCC, as it is measured under the condition of minimizing neural influence over the bladder.Results: There was no difference in demographic and clinical characteristics between the non-IDC (n=20) and IDC groups (n=119) (mean age, 71.5±7.4) (P>0.05). The non-IDC group had greater bladder volume to feel the first sensation, first desire, and strong desire than the IDC group (P<0.001). In all patients, MABC and MVV were correlated (r=0.41, P<0.001); however, there was no correlation between MCC and MABC (r=0.19, P=0.02). There was no significant difference in MABC between the non-IDC and IDC groups (P=0.19), but MVV and MCC were significantly greater in the non-IDC group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between MABC and MVV (MABC-MVV, P=0.54; MVV/MABC, P=0.07), but there was a significant difference between MABC and MCC between the non-IDC and IDC groups (MABC-MCC, P<0.001; MCC/MABC, P<0.001).Conclusions: Maximum bladder capacity from a urodynamic study does not represent true bladder capacity because of involuntary contractions.
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Alghadir, Ahmad H., and Farag A. Aly. "Ventilatory function among healthy young Saudi adults: a comparison with Caucasian reference values." Asian Biomedicine 5, no. 1 (2011): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0501.020.
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Abstract Background: Ethnic differences in lung function are recognized. However, most of the modern lung function equipments are pre-programmed with Caucasian reference values. Objective: Measure spirometric values among healthy Saudi male and female adults and compare with the Caucasian reference values in a standard spirometer. Methods: Thirty healthy Saudi young adults (15 males and 15 females; mean age 25 years) participated in this study. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (%), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were recorded using a portable digital spirometer. Results: Mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%) and MVV for the Saudi subjects were significantly lower than the Caucasians predicted values. Conclusion: Interpretation of lung function tests of Saudi subjects based on the Caucasian prediction equations is generally not valid, as the parameters of lung function tests in Saudi subjects are lower than the Caucasian reference values. The present results underline an urgent need for larger studies to develop prediction equations based on normative spirometric values for Saudi population involving subjects of all ages and both genders living in different climates of the country.
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V. S. O. N. Cavalcante, Andressa, Jéssica Danielle Fonseca, Helen Rainara Araujo Cruz, et al. "Neural respiratory drive during maximal voluntary ventilation in individuals with hypertension: A case-control study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0305044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305044.
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Neural respiratory drive (NRD) is measured using a non-invasive recording of respiratory electromyographic signal. The parasternal intercostal muscle can assess the imbalance between the load and capacity of respiratory muscles and presents a similar pattern to diaphragmatic activity. We aimed to analyze the neural respiratory drive in seventeen individuals with hypertension during quite breathing and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) (103.9 ± 5.89 vs. 122.6 ± 5 l/min) in comparison with seventeen healthy subjects (46.5 ± 2.5 vs. 46.4 ± 2.4 years), respectively. The study protocol was composed of quite breathing during five minutes, maximum inspiratory pressure followed by maximal ventilatory ventilation (MVV) was recorded once for 15 seconds. Anthropometric measurements were collected, weight, height, waist, hip, and calf circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), BMI, and conicity index (CI). Differences between groups were analyzed using the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney test to determine the difference between groups and moments. A significance level of 5% (p<0,05) was adopted for all statistical analyses. The group of individuals with hypertension presented higher values when compared to the healthy group for neural respiratory drive (EMGpara% 17.9±1.3 vs. 13.1±0.8, p = 0.0006) and neural respiratory drive index (NRDi (AU) 320±25 vs. 205.7±15,p = 0.0004) during quiet breathing and maximal ventilatory ventilation (EMGpara% 29.3±2.7 vs. 18.3±0.8, p = 0.000, NRDi (AU) 3140±259.4 vs. 1886±73.1,p<0.0001), respectively. In conclusion, individuals with hypertension presented higher NRD during quiet breathing and maximal ventilatory ventilation when compared to healthy individuals.
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Rawashdeh, Arwa, and Nedal Alnawaiseh. "Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Age on Pulmonary Function Tests in ≥ 40 Years Old Adults in Jordan." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 2 (2018): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1433.
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Pulmonary function testing is a physiological test that measures the air volume that an individual inhales or exhales as a function of time. Smoking is greatly associated with reduction of pulmonary function. The aim of the present study was thus to estimate forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) in adults aged ≥ 40 years with smoking history. Smoking is often related to obstructive disorders, as indicated by low FVC, FEV1, and MVV values. These pulmonary functions were analyzed based on several variables, such as number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking duration and age. The study sample comprised of 100 healthy adult smokers. All participants were interviewed to obtain information related to their lifestyle and smoking habit. After analyzing the FVC, FEV1, and MVV results using SPSS software, we noted that their values were conversely related to participant age and smoking duration.
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Ahmed, Khaled Takey, Abla Mohamed Hamed, Youssry El Hawary, Nesreen G. El-Nahas, Akram M. Helmy, and Mohammed Hesham Aboelenien. "Effects of concave thoracoplasty on chest circumference and ventilatory function in adolescence with idiopathic scoliosis." Physiotherapy Quarterly 32, no. 4 (2024): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.5114/pq/172368.
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IntroductionAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can reduce rib cage volume, which mechanically overloads the respiratory musculature. A current study examines the influences of concave thoracoplasty on pulmonary function and chest circumference.MethodsThis study included thirty AIS patients of both genders, aged 12 to 18 years, who had a concave thoracoplasty with posterior correction. Pulmonary function, Cobb angles, and chest circumferences were measured before surgery, on the fifth day following surgery, and at three months.ResultsA paired t-test was used to compare Cobb angles and chest expansion before and after intervention in the AIS-studied group. The statistical analysis stated that there was a significant decrease in Cobb angles and chest expansion (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at post-intervention follow-ups compared to pre-intervention measurements with a change percentage of 56.13% and 18.90%, respectively. Bonferroni correction test was employed to evaluate a pairwise intervention for outcome variables that revealed there were insignificantly increases in vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximal voluntary breathing (MVV) after the intervention compared to before intervention (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In contrast, the pairwise comparison test between pre-intervention versus follow-up revealed time effect had significantly increased VC, FVC, and MVV at post-intervention compared to 3 months after the intervention with improvement percentages of 16.51%, 16.11%, and 22.16%, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with AIS who underwent concave thoracoplasty showed greater improvements in Cobb angles and pulmonary function tests 3 months after surgical intervention. Future research activities should emphasize elucidating areas of confusion to improve care in the AIS.
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Anholm, J. D., J. Stray-Gundersen, M. Ramanathan, and R. L. Johnson. "Sustained maximal ventilation after endurance exercise in athletes." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 5 (1989): 1759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.1759.
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Although impaired respiratory muscle performance that persists up to 5 min after exercise is stopped has been demonstrated during exhaustive exercise in normal young men, it is not known whether impaired respiratory muscle function follows endurance exercise to exhaustion in highly trained athletes. To study the effects of exercise on sustained maximal voluntary ventilation immediately after exercise, eight elite cross-country skiers performed a 4-min maximal sustained ventilation (MSV) test before and immediately after exhaustive exercise. Subjects were encouraged to maintain maximal ventilation (VE) throughout the MSV test. To encourage greater effort, rapid visual feedback of VE was provided on a computer terminal along with a target VE based on their 12-s maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). The subjects (7 males, 1 female) were 18.5 +/- 0.9 yr old (mean +/- SD) and exercised for 62.5 +/- 16.7 min at 77 +/- 5% of their maximum oxygen consumption during which average VE was 106.7 +/- 24.2 l/min BTPS. The mean MVV was 196.0 +/- 29.9 l/min or 107% of their age- and height-predicted MVV. Before exercise the MSV was 86% of the MVV or 176.7 +/- 30.5 l/min, whereas after exercise the MSV was 90% of the MVV or 180.3 +/- 28.9 l/min (P = NS). The total volume of gas expired during the 4-min MSV was 706.7 +/- 121.9 liters before and 721.2 +/- 115.5 liters after exercise (P = NS). In this group of athletes, exhaustive exercise produced no deleterious effects on the ability to perform a 4-min MSV test immediately after exercise.
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Ashvin, Sorani, Savalia Chirag, Chavda Bharat, Panchal Bijal, and Jivani Payal. "Analysis Of Lung Functions In Obese Young Adult Male." International Journal of Basic and Applied Physiology IJBAP 2, no. 1 (2013): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4478404.
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To determine the effect of obesity on pulmonary function abnormality in young adult male medical students. Method : One fourty male subjects underwent physical examination, computerised pulmonary function tests (spirometry, lung volumes) and various anthropometric measurements ( waist-hip ratio,BMI, skin fold thickness)out of which seventy were case and seventy were control. Result: Result showed that expiratory reserve volume and maximum voluntary ventilation were significantly decreased in overweight group (p<0.001). There was negative correlation observed between BF% and ERV(-0.49),FVC(-0.05),and MVV(-0.11). There was negative correlation observed between BMI and ERV(-0.46) and MVV(-0.17).WHR also showed negative correlation with ERV(-0.14).All skin fold measurements shows negative correlation with ERV ,FVC and MVV. Conclusion: A significant negative correlation of ERV, FVC with body fat percentage. It was also observed that statistically significant decreased ERV as the BMI increases.
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Nakagawa, Haruo, Yasuhiro Kaiho, Shunichi Namiki, Shigeto Ishidoya, Seiichi Saito, and Yoichi Arai. "Impact of Sacral Surface Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation on Early Recovery of Urinary Continence after Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy: A Pilot Study." Advances in Urology 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/102751.
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Objectives. To investigate whether sacral surface therapeutic electrical stimulation (SSTES) initiated during the early postoperative period would be effective towards early recovery of postprostatectomy urinary continence.Methods. A total of 35 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy by a single surgeon were enrolled in this study. Twenty early patients began pelvic floor muscle exercise (PME). Fifteen subsequent patients received SSTES postoperatively with no instruction for PME provided. Immediate urinary function just after catheter removal was evaluated with frequency-volume chart and 24-hour pad test.Results. There were no differences between the SSTES and PME groups in maximum voided volume capacity (MVV) and urine loss ratio (ULR) on the first day after removal of urethral catheter. However, on day 3 MVV was significantly larger and ULR was also significantly lower in the SSTES group.Conclusions. SSTES treatment is feasible and appears to be effective for early recovery of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy.
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Iconaru, Elena Ioana, Manuela Mihaela Ciucurel, Luminita Georgescu, Mariana Tudor, Monica Marilena Tantu, and Constantin Ciucurel. "A Pre–Post Study on the Cardiorespiratory Response to Different Protocols of Exposure on a Vibratory Platform in Young Healthy Individuals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (2022): 4668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084668.
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This study aimed to investigate the acute specific physiological effects of 15 min of whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure at six different types of vibrations on cardiorespiratory function in 26 healthy young subjects (sex ratio, 1:1; mean age, 20.73 years). The protocols included six variants of a combination of mechanical stimuli with different frequencies (15, 25, and 35 Hz) and direction of stimuli (vertical or diagonal). The investigated cardiorespiratory parameters were heart rate (HR), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), respiratory rate (RR), and spirometric indicators: tidal volume (TV), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1), and maximum voluntary ventilation for 12 s (MVV). The data series were statistically processed by using descriptive and inferential statistical methods: the Shapiro–Wilk test, the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, and post hoc analysis. We obtained significantly higher values for HR, TV, VC, FVC, FEV1, and MVV after the WBV exposure. These parameters are significantly influenced by both the frequency and direction of stimuli, and certain protocols of WBV are noticeable for their distinct effects. Our results offer a new perspective on the possibility of using preferential variants of vibratory stimulation to obtain maximum cardiorespiratory physiological effects.
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Ding, Yang, Xixuan Jiang, Lunlan Li, et al. "Effects of comprehensive functional nursing on functional recovery and quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury." Medicine 102, no. 38 (2023): e35102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035102.
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This study evaluated the effects of comprehensive functional nursing on functional recovery and quality of life in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). A total of 214 patients with SCIs treated in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2021 were included in the retrospective analysis and divided into a general care group (n = 107) and a comprehensive care group (n = 107), based on the care that they received. Patients in the general care group received general functional nursing, whereas those in the comprehensive care group received a comprehensive functional nursing intervention. The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), Barthel Index (BI), and Berg Balance Score (BBS) were used to evaluate patient neurobehavioral ability before and after nursing. Changes in cardiopulmonary function indexes, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured before and after nursing. The number of micturition, maximum micturition volume, bladder volume, residual urine volume, and lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) score were recorded, and the improvement in bladder function were measured before and after nursing. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were used to evaluate patients’ emotional state. After nursing, the RMI, BI, BBS score, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, maximum micturition volume, bladder volume, and SF-36 scores of the comprehensive care group were significantly higher than those of the general care group, and the LVEDD, LVESD, micturition time, residual urine volume, and LUTS, HAMA, and BDI scores of the comprehensive care group were significantly lower than those of the general care group. In patients with SCIs, comprehensive functional nursing can promote the recovery of neurocognition, bladder function, and cardiorespiratory function, and improve their quality of life. Comprehensive functional nursing is worthy of clinical application.
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Barr, Deborah, Lee Van Dusen, Steve Ess, and Julie Plezbert. "Physiological Assessment of Bagpipers: A Preliminary Study of Cardiopulmonary Parameters." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 15, no. 2 (2000): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2000.2011.
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This study examined pulmonary function of pipers and cardiac adaptation to the playing of the Great Highland bagpipe. Pipers (n = 13) of varying ages (31-65 years) and playing experiences (2-20+ years) were evaluated for vital capacity (VC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and forced vital capacity (FVC) using a RIKO AS-600 spirometer. Subjects were monitored by impedance cardiograph for heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) at rest and during 5 minutes of playing. An automatic blood pressure (BP) monitor collected BP values over the same time period. Eleven weeks after initial cardiac data collection, the BP and cardiac measurements were repeated using the same protocols. Mean values for HR, SV, and CO were calculated for rest and each minute (1-5) of playing. A 2 (data session) by 6 (rest, min 1–5) repeated-measures ANOVA was performed. Analysis revealed a significant overall time effect (p < 0.001) on HR. A-priori contrast comparing all playing times with rest showed significant differences at all time points. Analysis of SV and CO failed to find significance. Heart rate values calculated for percent of maximum ranged from 68% to 89% of maximum overall while playing (session 1) and from 55% to 81% of maximum (session 2). Predicted percent of maximum values for VC and MVV found 77% of players above their maximum predicted values.
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Galvan, Carrie Chueiri Ramos, and Antônio José Maria Cataneo. "Effect of respiratory muscle training on pulmonary function in preoperative preparation of tobacco smokers." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 22, no. 2 (2007): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502007000200004.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of utilization of a specific training program of respiratory muscles on pulmonary function in tobacco smokers. METHODS: Fifty asymptomatic tobacco smokers with age superior to 30 years were studied, at the moments: A0 - initial evaluation followed by protocol of respiratory exercises; A1 - reevaluation after 10 minutes of protocol application; and A2 - final reevaluation after 2 weeks of training utilizing the same protocol 3 times per week. The evaluation was realized through measures of maximum respiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax), respiratory peak flow (IPF and EPF), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at the 1st second (FEV1). RESULTS: There was no improvement from initial to final evaluation in FVC and FEV1. But there were significant increases in the variables IPF, EPF, MVV and PImax at evaluations A1 and A2. The PEmax variable increased only at evaluation A2. CONCLUSION: The application of the protocol of respiratory exercises with and without additional load in tobacco smokers produced immediate improvement in the performance of respiratory muscles, but this gain was more accentuated after 2 weeks of exercise.
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Rodman, J. R., A. K. Curran, K. S. Henderson, J. A. Dempsey, and C. A. Smith. "Carotid body denervation in dogs: eupnea and the ventilatory response to hyperoxic hypercapnia." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 1 (2001): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.328.
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We assessed the time course of changes in eupneic arterial Pco 2(PaCO2 ) and the ventilatory response to hyperoxic rebreathing after removal of the carotid bodies (CBX) in awake female dogs. Elimination of the ventilatory response to bolus intravenous injections of NaCN was used to confirm CBX status on each day of data collection. Relative to eupneic control (PaCO2 = 40 ± 3 Torr), all seven dogs hypoventilated after CBX, reaching a maximum PaCO2 of 53 ± 6 Torr by day 3post-CBX. There was no significant recovery of eupneic PaCO2 over the ensuing 18 days. Relative to control, the hyperoxic CO2 ventilatory (change in inspired minute ventilation/change in end-tidal Pco 2) and tidal volume (change in tidal volume/ change in end-tidal Pco 2) response slopes were decreased 40 ± 15 and 35 ± 20% by day 2 post-CBX. There was no recovery in the ventilatory or tidal volume response slopes to hyperoxic hypercapnia over the ensuing 19 days. We conclude that 1) the carotid bodies contribute ∼40% of the eupneic drive to breathe and the ventilatory response to hyperoxic hypercapnia and 2) there is no recovery in the eupneic drive to breathe or the ventilatory response to hyperoxic hypercapnia after removal of the carotid chemoreceptors, indicating a lack of central or aortic chemoreceptor plasticity in the adult dog after CBX.
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Banskota Nepal, Grishma, PKL Das, and A. Bhaila. "Spirometric evaluation of pulmonary functions of medical students in Nepal." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (2014): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9352.
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Background: Spirometry is vital in screening, diagnosing and monitoring of patients in clinical respiratory medicine. The interpretations of these results depend on comparison with reference values derived from a pool of normal healthy population, which are age, weight, height, gender and ethnicity dependant. Objectives: To establish normative data of lung function indices (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR and MVV) of healthy adult persons and to find correlation of these data, if any, with age, height, weight and BMI. Methods: Participants (n=174, mean age 19.60±1.177 yrs, height 161.87±8.572 cm, weight 58.65±11.190 kg and BMI 22.28±3.159 kg/m2) were recruited from KIST medical college. Spriometry was performed and data were grouped according to age, height, weight, BMI and gender. Results: The mean FVC, FEV1, PEFR and MVV of males (3.58 ±0.7241 L, 3.34±0.61L, 8.41±1.20L/sec and 141.45±18.54L/min respectively) were significantly higher than that of females (2.52±0.50L, 2.44±0.44L, 6.72±0.82L/sec and 106.93±12.49L/min respectively). However, FEV1/FVC ratio was statistically similar in males and females. FVC and FEV1 were positively correlated with height and weight in females. PEFR showed correlation with weight and BMI and MVV showed correlation with weight in females. In males, FVC showed positive correlation with height, weight and BMI. FEV1 and MVV showed maximum correlation with height of male students. Conclusions: Significant increased in PFT parameters were observed in male as compare to female. PFT parameters were mainly influenced by body height and weight in both sexes, so on this basis, a prediction equation was established for Nepalese population. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 82-86 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9352
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Banskota Nepal, Grishma, PKL Das, and A Bhaila. "Spirometric evaluation of pulmonary functions of medical students in Nepal." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (2014): 82–86. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v5i3.3344.
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Background: Spirometry is vital in screening, diagnosing and monitoring of patients in clinical respiratory medicine. The interpretations of these results depend on comparison with reference values derived from a pool of normal healthy population, which are age, weight, height, gender and ethnicity dependant. Objectives: To establish normative data of lung function indices (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR and MVV) of healthy adult persons and to find correlation of these data, if any, with age, height, weight and BMI. Methods: Participants (n=174, mean age 19.60±1.177 yrs, height 161.87±8.572 cm, weight 58.65±11.190 kg and BMI 22.28±3.159 kg/m2) were recruited from KIST medical college. Spriometry was performed and data were grouped according to age, height, weight, BMI and gender. Results: The mean FVC, FEV1, PEFR and MVV of males (3.58 ±0.7241 L, 3.34±0.61L, 8.41±1.20L/sec and 141.45±18.54L/min respectively) were significantly higher than that of females (2.52±0.50L, 2.44±0.44L, 6.72±0.82L/sec and 106.93±12.49L/min respectively). However, FEV1/FVC ratio was statistically similar in males and females. FVC and FEV1 were positively correlated with height and weight in females. PEFR showed correlation with weight and BMI and MVV showed correlation with weight in females. In males, FVC showed positive correlation with height, weight and BMI. FEV1 and MVV showed maximum correlation with height of male students. Conclusions: Significant increased in PFT parameters were observed in male as compare to female. PFT parameters were mainly influenced by body height and weight in both sexes, so on this basis, a prediction equation was established for Nepalese population. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 82-86 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9352
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Saeed, Hina, Rahila Yousuf, Sobia Hasan, M. Muddasir Ansari, Tehreem Anis, and Sanowber Ajaz. "Pulmonary Function Test Among University Students-A Cross Sectional Survey." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 3 (2023): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023173255.
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Objectives: To identify the lung functioning parameters i.e. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, MVV of healthy individuals with normal pulmonary function. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Setting: Study was conducted at Institute of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation (IPM&R), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan from August 2022 to January 2023. Methods: Total 60 students giving the male to female ratio of 1:1 with age ranging of 15-30 years were enrolled and studied for respiratory functions by spirometry. Subjects were divided in two groups depending on their gender. The Measured parameters comprised: Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC%, and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Result: Our results show that all indices, including FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1%, and MVV, were statistically significantly (p0.01) greater in males compared to females. Women have a much lower FEV1/FVC ratio than men do (p< 0.05). Out of a total of 60 students, 57.3% (n=34) were classified as having normal spirometry; 15.3% (n=9) were classified as having mild restrictions; 11.7% (n=7) were classified as having moderate restrictions; 1.7% (n=1) were classified as having moderate severe restrictions; 10% (n=6) were classified as having mild obstruction; and 5.3% (n=3) were classified as having moderate obstruction. Practical Implication: Little data exist on whether and how PFT parameters change depending on a person's gender. As a result, we set out to learn more about the differences between the sexes in PFT variables and the connection between BMI and the tests. Conclusion: Our study revealed that males had greater values of FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1, and MVV when compared to females, which was statistically significant (p<0.01). Females have a significantly (p0.05) lower FEV1/FVC ratio than males. Our findings demonstrate that healthy male and female subjects breathe in different ways, which may be related to gender's effect on lung function. Keywords: Gender, Spirometer, FVC, FEV1, FEV1 /FVC%, MVV, Medical Rehabilitation, Pulmonary Function
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Groeneveld, A. B. Johan, Remco R. Berendsen, Anton J. Schneider, Ioannis A. Pneumatikos, Leo A. Stokkel, and Lambertus G. Thijs. "Effect of the mechanical ventilatory cycle on thermodilution right ventricular volumes and cardiac output." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 1 (2000): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.89.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate right ventricular (RV) loading and cardiac output changes, by using the thermodilution technique, during the mechanical ventilatory cycle. Fifteen critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, with 5 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure, mean respiratory frequency of 18 breaths/min, and mean tidal volume of 708 ml, were studied with help of a rapid-response thermistor RV ejection fraction pulmonary artery catheter, allowing 5-ml room-temperature 5% isotonic dextrose thermodilution measurements of cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV) index, RV ejection fraction (RVEF), RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), and RV end-systolic volume (RVESV) indexes at 10% intervals of the mechanical ventilatory cycle. The ventilatory modulation of CI and RV volumes varied from patient to patient, and the interindividual variability was greater for the latter variables. Within patients also, RV volumes were modulated more by the ventilatory cycle than CI and SV index. Around a mean value of 3.95 ± 1.18 l · min−1 · m−2 (= 100%), CI varied from 87.3 ± 5.2 (minimum) to 114.3 ± 5.1% (maximum), and RVESV index varied between 61.5 ± 17.8 and 149.3 ± 34.1% of mean 55.1 ± 17.9 ml/m2 during the ventilatory cycle. The variations in the cycle exceeded the measurement error even though the latter was greater for RVEF and volumes than for CI and SV index. For mean values, there was an inspiratory decrease in RVEF and increase in RVESV, whereas a rise in RVEDV largely prevented a fall in SV index. We conclude that cyclic RV afterloading necessitates multiple thermodilution measurements equally spaced in the ventilatory cycle for reliable assessment of RV performance during mechanical ventilation of patients.
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Ahmed, Khaled Takey, Abla Mohammed Hamed, Akram Mohamed Helmy, Walaa Mohsen Mohamed, Heba A. Bahey El - Deen, and Youssry El Hawary. "Impact of vertebral derotation on ventilatory function and chest circumference in adolescent scoliosis." Physiotherapy Quarterly 33, no. 1 (2025): 60–66. https://doi.org/10.5114/pq/178507.
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IntroductionScoliosis has been associated with thoracic cavity alterations that impair pulmonary function. Correcting scoliotic deformity regains normal pulmonary function by maintaining respiratory and muscular efficiency. This study aims to compare pulmonary function and thoracic volume at baseline and after correcting the scoliosis deformity.MethodsA total of 56 patients, 46 girls and 10 boys, were diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. Participants were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Group A was treated with posterior correction, vertebral derotation, and a pulmonary rehabilitation program, while group B was treated with the same treatment given to group A without derotation. Evaluation of the measuring variables was carried out pre-operatively, immediately post-operatively, and three months after the operation. In addition, post-operatively, participants were treated with segmental breathing exercise training and incentive spirometry, 3 sessions per week for 3 months.ResultsA significant reduction in the Cobb angles, angles of rotation, and chest expansion was observed in both groups by comparing both initial and post-operative mean values, while a significant reduction was revealed in group A (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). The mean values of FEV1 and MVV immediately post-operatively showed a significant reduction in both groups, which was highly significant for group A. At three months post-operatively, both groups showed highly significant improvement (<i>p</i> = 0.001).ConclusionsIn addition to its beneficial effects on curve correction and the angle of rotation, the vertebral derotation technique impairs physiological and mechanical parameters immediately post-operatively. However, a beneficial effect was detected after three months of pulmonary rehabilitation in all parameters.
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Lee, J. S., and L. P. Lee. "Ventilatory changes of pulmonary capillary blood volume assessed by arterial density." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 5 (1986): 1724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.5.1724.
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By use of an improved density measuring system, we found that the gravimetric density of arterial blood of dogs fluctuates at the same frequency as the spontaneous or mechanical ventilation. Similar density fluctuations were observed in the blood leaving isolated, perfused lobes of dogs that were ventilated cyclicly. Employing an analysis that balanced the erythrocyte and plasma flows through distensible capillaries containing blood with a tube hematocrit lower than the hematocrit in large blood vessels, we derived a relationship to estimate from the density fluctuation the change in pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc). For mechanical ventilation, the maximum change in density over one ventilation cycle increased from 0.084 +/- 0.01 to 0.47 +/- 0.05 (SE) g/l as the frequency decreased from 29 to 6 cycles/min. These density changes were estimated to be the result of an 1–16% change in Vc. A larger tidal volume for the mechanical ventilation led to a larger density fluctuation. The maximum density change of spontaneous respiration of 6 cycles/min was one-sixth of the mechanical case, indicating a much smaller change in Vc during spontaneous respiration. When the airway flow resistance was increased for spontaneous respiration, larger density fluctuations were observed.
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Rodwell, LT, SD Anderson, J. du Toit, and JP Seale. "Different effects of inhaled amiloride and frusemide on airway responsiveness to dry air challenge in asthmatic subjects." European Respiratory Journal 6, no. 6 (1993): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06060855.
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Amiloride, a Na+ channel blocker, and frusemide, an inhibitor of the Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter on the basolateral surface of airway epithelial cells, have the potential to affect water transport across the airway epithelium. As isocapnic hyperventilation challenge (ISH) with dry air may provoke airway narrowing in asthmatic subjects by dehydrating the airways, inhaled amiloride and frusemide may reduce airway responsiveness by effecting airway hydration. Fifteen asthmatic subjects (6 females, 9 males), who had a fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 20% after ISH, inhaled amiloride (11 mg), or its vehicle, from a Fisoneb ultrasonic nebulizer, within 10 min before ISH. On a separate day, eight of these subjects inhaled frusemide (38 mg), from the same Fisoneb, 10 min before ISH. After breathing, 30 l at resting ventilation, subjects breathed at 30% of their maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV i.e. predicted FEV1x35), then at 60% MVV, and finally at MVV for 3 or 4 min. FEV1 was measured 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 min after each period, or until it was stable. Airway sensitivity was expressed as the ventilation (l-min-1) which provoked a 10, 15, 20 or 30% fall in FEV1, (PVE10, PVE15, PVE20 and PVE30, respectively). There was no significant difference in the PVE10,15,20,30 between the vehicle and amiloride treatment day; however, in the 8 subjects who inhaled frusemide, frusemide caused a significant increase in the PVE20 when compared to amiloride. In conclusion, inhaled amiloride failed to protect against ISH, whereas frusemide was effective at reducing airway responsiveness. Further studies are needed to explain the mechanism of action of frusemide.
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Vaish, Hina, and Digvijay Sharma. "Effect of Multimodal Exercises on Functional Capacity, Hand Grip Strength, and Pulmonary Function among Middle-aged Postmenopausal Women: A Quasi-experimental Preliminary Study." Journal of Mid-life Health 16, no. 1 (2025): 103–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.jmh_189_24.
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ABSTRACT Background: Pulmonary and physical functions are associated with menopausal status. The exercise recommendations have been described, however, there is a dearth of literature proposing the benefit of these exercises for improving pulmonary and physical function among postmenopausal women. Objective: The study aimed to explore the effect of multimodal exercises on functional capacity, hand grip strength (HGS), and pulmonary function among middle-aged postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Twelve postmenopausal women with a median age of 52.50 years were recruited by purposive sampling for this single group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental preliminary study. The outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks and included 6-min walk test (6MWT), HGS, and pulmonary function measures: forced expiratory volume in 1st s (FEV1) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). The multimodal exercise intervention was given for 8 weeks at a frequency of three times a week. Results: The Wilcoxon Signed-rank test showed that 6MWT (P = 0.002), dominant HGS (P = 0.002), nondominant HGS (P = 0.003), FEV1 (P = 0.004), and MVV (0.002) showed statistically significant improvement with multimodal exercise protocol. The P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Conclusion: The multimodal exercise protocol has significant benefits in improving the functional capacity, HGS, and pulmonary function among postmenopausal women, however, larger experimental trials are warranted.
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Das, PKL, GB Nepal, K. Upadhyay-Dhungel, R. Panta, A. Bhaila, and B. Shakya. "Occupational Exposure and Pulmonary Function of Workers of Carpet Industries and Sawmills, Lalitpur, Nepal." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 2 (2013): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8951.
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Background: Most workers of carpet factory and sawmills suffer from non-specific lung diseases and ventilatory disorders. There is so many such industries operative in Lalitpur district and so far not many studies have been reported on pulmonary function in these workers. Method: A brief clinical sheet regarding age, occupational particulars, smoking habits and presence or absence of major complaints was recorded for each worker. Spirometric parameters were recorded using an electronic (MEDSPIROR) spirometer. The groups consisted of control subjects not exposed to industrial dusts (n=50) for each group of workers (carpet factory, n=50 and saw mill, n=50). Result: This study indicated an overall reduction in pulmonary function parameters; in particular FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC % in carpet factory workers and FEV1 and FEV1/FVC % in saw mill workers. Comparison of pulmonary function parameters between carpet factories workers and sawmill workers revealed a significant reduction in FEV1 and MVV in carpet workers. Conclusion: Exposure to cotton dust and wood dust leads to combined type of spirometric deficit revealing obstructive or restrictive lung diseases. Workers exposed to industrial dusts also suffer from various upper or lower respiratory symptoms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8951 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 54-58
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Caire, N., A. Cartier, H. Ghezzo, and JL Malo. "Influence of the duration of inhalation of cold dry air on the resulting bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects." European Respiratory Journal 2, no. 8 (1989): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.02080741.
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Hyperventilation of cold dry air causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects and has been proposed as a test for assessing bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The influence of the duration of inhalation of unconditioned cold air has not been studied. We have investigated the question in 12 asthmatic subjects in a clinically stable state. Each subject underwent three inhalation tests at a maximum interval of two weeks. On each day, the duration of inhalation was different, being randomly 2, 3 or 4 min depending on the subject. Doubling doses of cold air produced by a freon conditioner were administered, increasing ventilation from 7.5 to 15, 30, 60 l.min-1 and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was assessed after each period of cold air inhalation. The test was stopped when the FEV1 had decreased by 20% or more, or when MVV had been achieved. The dose of cold air expressed as the level of ventilation causing a 20% change in FEV1 (PD20) was interpolated from individual dose-response curves. Dose-response curves shifted to the left when the duration of ventilation was increased. PD20 was significantly lower after 3 min of ventilation than after 2 min (mean +/- SD PD20 of 41.7 +/- 1.4 l.min-1 compared with 53.3 +/- 1.2 l.min-1; p = 0.002). There was a further fall in PD20 after 4 min of ventilation (PD20 = 36.1 +/- 1.5 l.min-1) but the difference compared with the values obtained after 3 min was not significant (p = 0.09), thus suggesting a plateau.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Zimmermann, Paul, Jan Wüstenfeld, Lukas Zimmermann, Volker Schöffl, and Isabelle Schöffl. "Physiological Aspects of World Elite Competitive German Winter Sport Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (2022): 5620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095620.
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Nine Ski mountaineering (Ski-Mo), ten Nordic-Cross Country (NCC) and twelve world elite biathlon (Bia) athletes were evaluated for cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance as the primary aim of our descriptive preliminary report. A multicenter retrospective analysis of CPET data was performed in 31 elite winter sports athletes, which were obtained in 2021 during the annual medical examination. The matched data of the elite winter sports athletes (14 women, 17 male athletes, age: 18–32 years) were compared for different CPET parameters, and athlete’s physique data and sport-specific training schedules. All athletes showed, as estimated in elite winter sport athletes, excellent performance data in the CPET analyses. Significant differences were revealed for VE VT2 (respiratory minute volume at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2)), highest maximum respiratory minute volume (VEmaximum), the indexed ventilatory oxygen uptake (VO2) at VT2 (VO2/kg VT2), the oxygen pulse at VT2, and the maximum oxygen pulse level between the three professional winter sports disciplines. This report provides new evidence that in different world elite winter sport professionals, significant differences in CPET parameters can be demonstrated, against the background of athlete’s physique as well as training control and frequency.
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Bakry, Naglaa, Khaled Kamel, Ahmed Abdelhafeez, and Rana Kamal. "Tranthoracic ultrasound for assessment of pulmonary function: a novel cross section study." Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 74, no. 2 (2025): 201–13. https://doi.org/10.4103/ecdt.ecdt_46_24.
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Introduction Evaluation of the pulmonary function of the patients is very important in several aspects. This study aims to correlate the dynamic respiratory motion of the lung during transthoracic ultrasonography with some parameters of ventilatory pulmonary function tests. Patients and methods It was carried on 42 persons classified into three groups: control group, obstructive group, and restrictive group – measurement of lung expansion parameters by an ultrasonography movie during breathing. Two marks were applied at the most cephalic lung retraction (expiration) and most caudal lung expansion (inspiration). This maneuver was performed during quiet and maximum respiration to measure the lung expansion with tidal volume and lung expansion with vital capacity, respectively. The diaphragmatic excursion during quiet breathing was treated as representing the tidal volume, and the diaphragmatic excursion during maximum breathing was treated as representing the vital capacity of the lung. Results The lung expansion with vital capacity, lung expansion difference, and vital capacity calculated from lung expansion each showed a significant positive correlation with forced vital capacity, forced vital capacity%, and forced expiratory volume in the first second in the three groups. This positive correlation in the three groups denotes that the ultrasound-measured lung expansion parameters go hand in hand with those of ventilatory pulmonary function tests. Conclusion The measurement of ultrasound lung expansion parameters can be used for the estimation of lung vital capacity. The measurement of ultrasound diaphragmatic excursion parameters can be used for the estimation of forced expiratory volume in the first second.
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Takeuchi, Muneyuki, Sven Goddon, Marisa Dolhnikoff, et al. "Set Positive End-expiratory Pressure during Protective Ventilation Affects Lung Injury." Anesthesiology 97, no. 3 (2002): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200209000-00023.
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Background The most appropriate method of determining positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) level during a lung protective ventilatory strategy has not been established. Methods In a lavage-injured sheep acute respiratory distress syndrome model, the authors compared the effects of three approaches to determining PEEP level after a recruitment maneuver: (1) 2 cm H(2)O above the lower inflection point on the inflation pressure-volume curve, (2) at the point of maximum curvature on the deflation pressure-volume curve, and (3) at the PEEP level that maintained target arterial oxygen partial pressure at a fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.5. Results Positive end-expiratory pressure set 2 cm H(2)O above the lower inflection point resulted in the least injury over the course of the study. PEEP based on adequate arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen ratios had to be increased over time and resulted in higher mRNA levels for interleukin-8 and interleukin-1beta and greater tissue inflammation when compared with the other approaches. PEEP at the point of maximum curvature could not maintain eucapneia even at an increased ventilatory rate. Conclusion Although generating higher plateau pressures, PEEP levels based on pressure-volume curve analysis were more effective in maintaining gas exchange and minimizing injury than PEEP based on adequate oxygenation. PEEP at 2 cm H(2)O above the lower inflection point was most effective.
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Crimi, Emanuele, Riccardo Pellegrino, Attilio Smeraldi, and Vito Brusasco. "Exercise-induced bronchodilation in natural and induced asthma: effects on ventilatory response and performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 92, no. 6 (2002): 2353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01248.2001.
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We studied whether bronchodilatation occurs with exercise during the late asthmatic reaction (LAR) to allergen ( group 1, n = 13) or natural asthma (NA; group 2, n = 8) and whether this is sufficient to preserve maximum ventilation (V˙e max), oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max), and exercise performance (W˙max ). In group 1, partial forced expiratory flow at 30% of resting forced vital capacity increased during exercise, both at control and LAR. W˙max was slightly reduced at LAR, whereasV˙e max, tidal volume, breathing frequency, and V˙o 2 max were preserved. Functional residual capacity and end-inspiratory lung volume were significantly larger at LAR than at control. In group 2, partial forced expiratory flow at 30% of resting forced vital capacity increased greatly with exercise during NA but did not attain control values after appropriate therapy. Compared with control, W˙max was slightly less during NA, whereas V˙o 2 maxand V˙e max were similar. Functional residual capacity, but not end-inspiratory lung volume at maximum load, was significantly greater than at control, whereas tidal volume decreased and breathing frequency increased. In conclusion, remarkable exercise bronchodilation occurs during either LAR or NA and allowsV˙e max andV˙o 2 max to be preserved with small changes in breathing pattern and a slight reduction inW˙max.
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Bauerle, O., and M. Younes. "Role of ventilatory response to exercise in determining exercise capacity in COPD." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 6 (1995): 1870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.6.1870.
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The progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is generally associated with decreased exercise capacity. Differences in forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) among patients account for only a fraction of the variability in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). We hypothesized that variability in ventilatory response to exercise and in inspiratory mechanics and body mass index contributes importantly to variability in VO2max in this disease. We analyzed the files of 53 patients with established diagnosis of COPD who underwent a recent symptom-limited exercise test. We used inspiratory capacity and maximum inspiratory flow as measures of variability in inspiratory mechanics. The minute ventilation (VE) at the subject's VO2max was divided by the predicted in a normal subject at the same VO2 to obtain a ratio (VE,max/VE,pred). The ventilatory response during exercise provided the best correlation with peak VO2 (r = 0.62). FEV1 and inspiratory capacity also correlated with peak oxygen consumption but not as well as the ventilatory response (r = 0.49 and r = 0.46, respectively). Maximum inspiratory flow and body mass index showed only weak positive correlations (r = 0.23, not significant). The stepwise analysis generated the following equation: VO2max (%predicted) = (77.26 x VE,pred/VE,max) + [0.45 x FEV1 (%predicted)] - 23.66; r = 0.76, P < 0.001. We conclude that variability in the ventilatory response during exercise is one of the main determinants of variability in exercise capacity in COPD patients.
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D'Urzo, A. D., K. R. Chapman, and A. S. Rebuck. "Effect of elastic loading on ventilatory pattern during progressive exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 1 (1985): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.1.34.
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Ventilatory responses to progressive exercise, with and without an inspiratory elastic load (14.0 cmH2O/l), were measured in eight healthy subjects. Mean values for unloaded ventilatory responses were 24.41 +/- 1.35 (SE) l/l CO2 and 22.17 +/- 1.07 l/l O2 and for loaded responses were 24.15 +/- 1.93 l/l CO2 and 20.41 +/- 1.66 l/l O2 (P greater than 0.10, loaded vs. unloaded). At levels of exercise up to 80% of maximum O2 consumption (VO2max), minute ventilation (VE) during inspiratory elastic loading was associated with smaller tidal volume (mean change = 0.74 +/- 0.06 ml; P less than 0.05) and higher breathing frequency (mean increase = 10.2 +/- 0.98 breaths/min; P less than 0.05). At levels of exercise greater than 80% of VO2max and at exhaustion, VE was decreased significantly by the elastic load (P less than 0.05). Increases in respiratory rate at these levels of exercise were inadequate to maintain VE at control levels. The reduction in VE at exhaustion was accompanied by significant decreases in O2 consumption and CO2 production. The changes in ventilatory pattern during extrinsic elastic loading support the notion that, in patients with fibrotic lung disease, mechanical factors may play a role in determining ventilatory pattern.
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Tachibana, Kazuya, Hideaki Imanaka, Hiroshi Miyano, Muneyuki Takeuchi, Keiji Kumon, and Masaji Nishimura. "Effect of Ventilatory Settings on Accuracy of Cardiac Output Measurement Using Partial CO2Rebreathing." Anesthesiology 96, no. 1 (2002): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200201000-00021.
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Background Recently, a new device has been developed to measure cardiac output noninvasively using partial carbon dioxide (CO(2)) rebreathing. Because this technique uses CO(2) rebreathing, the authors suspected that ventilatory settings, such as tidal volume and ventilatory mode, would affect its accuracy: they conducted this study to investigate which parameters affect the accuracy of the measurement. Methods The authors enrolled 25 pharmacologically paralyzed adult post-cardiac surgery patients. They applied six ventilatory settings in random order: (1) volume-controlled ventilation with inspired tidal volume (V(T)) of 12 ml/kg; (2) volume-controlled ventilation with V(T) of 6 ml/kg; (3) pressure-controlled ventilation with V(T) of 12 ml/kg; (4) pressure-controlled ventilation with V(T) of 6 ml/kg; (5) inspired oxygen fraction of 1.0; and (6) high positive end-expiratory pressure. Then, they changed the maximum or minimum length of rebreathing loop with V(T) set at 12 ml/kg. After establishing steady-state conditions (15 min), they measured cardiac output using CO(2) rebreathing and thermodilution via a pulmonary artery catheter. Finally, they repeated the measurements during pressure support ventilation, when the patients had restored spontaneous breathing. The correlation between two methods was evaluated with linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Results When VT was set at 12 ml/kg, cardiac output with the CO(2) rebreathing technique correlated moderately with that measured by thermodilution (y = 1.02x, R = 0.63; bias, 0.28 l/min; limits of agreement, -1.78 to +2.34 l/min), regardless of ventilatory mode, oxygen concentration, or positive end-expiratory pressure. However, at a lower VT of 6 ml/kg, the CO(2) rebreathing technique underestimated cardiac out-put compared with thermodilution (y = 0.70x; R = 0.70; bias, -1.66 l/min; limits of agreement, -3.90 to +0.58 l/min). When the loop was fully retracted, the CO(2) rebreathing technique overestimated cardiac output. Conclusions Although cardiac output was underreported at small VT values, cardiac output measured by the CO(2) rebreathing technique correlates fairly with that measured by the thermodilution method.
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Alnuman, Nasim, and Ahmad Alshamasneh. "The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Pulmonary Function in Mixed Martial Arts and Kickboxing Athletes." Journal of Human Kinetics 81, no. 1 (2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0005.
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Abstract Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has found its way into athletes’ routine as a promising way of improving pulmonary function in combination with standard training. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of resistive IMT on the pulmonary function variables in athletes of two combat sports, i.e., mixed martial arts (MMA) and kickboxing. Fourteen kickboxing and 12 MMA male athletes qualified for the study. They were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. While both groups participated in their standard training, the experimental group additionally participated in IMT which consisted of 30 breaths twice a day for 6 weeks. The pulmonary functions were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks of IMT. The addition of IMT to standard training increased significantly the forced expiratory volume in the first second to vital capacity ratio (FEV1/VC), and the maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) (p < 0.05) with changes of 5.7%, and 28.6%, respectively, in MMA athletes. The kickboxing group showed no significant changes. The interaction of the sport discipline and IMT intervention yielded a strong significant change in the MVV (F(1, 11) = 14.53, p < 0.01), and FEV1/VC (F(1, 11) = 20.67, p < 0.01) to the benefit of MMA athletes in comparison with kickboxing athletes. Combining resistive IMT for 6 weeks with standard training was effective to improve some pulmonary functions in MMA athletes, but did not lead to additional gains in kickboxing athletes.
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Nambi, Gopal, Mshari Alghadier, Arul Vellaiyan, et al. "Role of Tele-Physical Therapy Training on Glycemic Control, Pulmonary Function, Physical Fitness, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Following COVID-19 Infection—A Randomized Controlled Trial." Healthcare 11, no. 12 (2023): 1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121791.
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The use of tele-rehabilitation (TR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following COVID-19 infection remains unexplored. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effects of tele-physical therapy (TPT) on T2DM following COVID-19 infection. The eligible participants were randomized into two groups, a tele-physical therapy group (TPG; n = 68) and a control group (CG; n = 68). The TPG received tele-physical therapy for four sessions a week for eight weeks, and the CG received patient education for 10 min. The outcome measures were HbA1c levels, pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and peak exploratory flow (PEF)), physical fitness, and quality of life (QOL). The difference between the groups in HbA1c levels at 8 weeks was 0.26 (CI 95% 0.02 to 0.49), which shows greater improvement in the tele-physical therapy group than the control group. Similar changes were noted between the two groups after 6 months and at 12 months resulting in 1.02 (CI 95% 0.86 to 1.17). The same effects were found in pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and PEF), physical fitness, and QOL (p = 0.001). The reports of this study show that tele-physical therapy programs may result in improved glycemic control and improve the pulmonary function, physical fitness, and quality of life of T2DM patients following COVID-19 infection.
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Xin, Liu. "Application of Dejian Psychosomatic Therapy to Smokers with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 6 (2021): 5103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.4.
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To explore the intervention effect of Dejian psychosomatic therapy on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in elderly smokers, in as to improve clinical impact of COPD in smokers who are the aged. Forty elderly smokers with COPD were comprise of treatment group, control group, which are trained for 45 days to test the following indicators. Vital mass Index (VMI), forced Vital capacity (FVC), Maximum Chase air volume (MVV) and so on showed significant improvement in lung function indicators in both the treatment group and the control group (P < 0.05). Improvement impact of control group was not better than that of the treatment group, with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Dejian psychosomatic therapy has a systematic good effect on copd smokers, promoting the improvement and promotion of lung function, and strengthening the physical function of copd smokers in stable stage.
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Cala, S. J., J. Edyvean, M. Rynn, and L. A. Engel. "O2 cost of breathing: ventilatory vs. pressure loads." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 5 (1992): 1720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.5.1720.
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We compared the O2 cost of breathing (VO2resp) at high levels of ventilation (HV) with that against high inspiratory pressure loads (HP) using an external elastance when end-expiratory volume, work rate (W), and pressure-time product (P) were matched at two levels of ventilation and elastic loading. Each of five normal subjects performed three pairs of loaded runs (one HV and one HP) bracketed by two resting runs. Mean O2 consumption from the pairs of resting runs was subtracted from that of each of the loaded runs to give VO2resp during loaded breathing. Matching for W and P was within 15% in all 15 pairs of runs. During HV runs, ventilation was 398 +/- 24% of corresponding values during HP runs (P < 0.01). Although there was no difference in W (P > 0.05), the VO2resp during HV runs was 237 +/- 33% of that during HP (P < 0.01) and efficiency of HV was 51 +/- 5% of that during HP (P < 0.01). When W was normalized for the decrease in maximum inspiratory pressure with increased mean lung volume, efficiency during HV and HP runs did not differ (P > 0.05). In the second series of experiments, when both HV and HP runs were matched for W but P was allowed to vary, efficiency increased by 1.42 +/- 0.42% (P < 0.05) for each percent decrease in P during HV runs but was unchanged (P > 0.05) during HP runs despite a 193 +/- 10% increase in P.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Segizbaeva, M. O., B. A. Maksimenko, Yu N. Korolyov, and N. P. Aleksandrova. "The Effect of Added Mass on Pulmonary Function." Fiziologiâ čeloveka 50, no. 5 (2024): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0131164624050035.
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A comparative study of the volume-velocity parameters of the human external respiration system was carried out under the influence of an additional weight load: a body armor weighing 11 kg and a backpack weighing 15 kg. The nature of changes in the main spirometric parameters under the influence of an added mass is typical for restrictive disorders of pulmonary function. A marked decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) values was observed when performing the test with a protective vest. In the conditions of a combination of body armor and a backpack, these changes were more pronounced (p 0.01). At the same time, there were no significant changes in the Tiffno index values (FEV1/FVC). In addition, a significant decrease in the values of maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) was revealed by 8.1% under the influence of body armor, and by 18.5% with a combination of a vest and a backpack relative to the control (p 0.01). A significant correlation was shown between the maximum force of contraction of the inspiratory muscles and the maximum voluntary ventilation of the lungs both in the control and with an additional weight load. It is possible that the inspiratory muscles training, aimed at increasing their strength and endurance, can be an effective strategy for minimizing the adverse effects of increased weight load when performing work with special protective equipment in various areas of human professional activity.
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Penney, Chantelle M., Gordon W. Nash, and A. Kurt Gamperl. "Cardiorespiratory responses of seawater-acclimated adult Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to an acute temperature increase." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 7 (2014): 1096–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0569.
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In this first study examining the thermal tolerance of adult Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) acclimated to seawater, we measured their critical thermal maximum (CTMax) and several cardiorespiratory parameters (oxygen consumption (MO2), heart rate (fH), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), ventilatory frequency (VF), opercular pressure (PO), and ventilatory effort (VE)) when exposed to a temperature increase of 2 °C·h−1. Further, we directly compared these results with those obtained for the eurythermal Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under identical conditions. There was no significant difference in cardiorespiratory values between the two species at their acclimation temperature (9.5–10 °C). In contrast, the slope of the MO2–temperature relationship was lower (by 27%) in the char as compared with that in the salmon, and the char had significantly lower values for maximum fH (by 13%), maximum MO2 (by 35%), absolute metabolic scope (by 39%), and CTMax (approximately 23 versus 26.5 °C, respectively). Although not a focus of the study, preliminary data suggest that interspecific differences in mitochondrial respiration (oxidative phosphorylation), and its temperature sensitivity, may partially explain the difference in thermal tolerance between the two species. These results provide considerable insights into why Atlantic salmon are displacing Arctic char in the current era of accelerated climate change.
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Fee, Lawrence L., Richard M. Smith, and Michael B. English. "Enhanced ventilatory and exercise performance in athletes with slight expiratory resistive loading." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 2 (1997): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.2.503.
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Fee, Lawrence L., Richard M. Smith, and Michael B. English.Enhanced ventilatory and exercise performance in athletes with slight expiratory resistive loading. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 503–510, 1997.—We determined the cardiorespiratory and performance effects of slight (1.5–3.0 cmH2O) expiratory resistive loading (ERL). Twenty-eight highly fit [peak O2 uptake (V˙o 2 peak) = 63.6 ± 1.3 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1] athletes (age = 33.5 ± 1.3 yr) performed pairedV˙o 2 peak cycle ergometer tests (control vs. ERL). End-expiratory lung volume was separately determined in a subset of subjects ( n = 12) at steady-state 75% maximum power output (POmax) and was found to increase (0.67 ± 0.29 liter) with ERL. In theV˙o 2 peaktests, peak expiratory pressure at the mouth, mean inspiratory flow, minute ventilation, and O2 pulse were greater with ERL at every intensity level (i.e., 75, 80, 85, and 90% POmax). Increased minute ventilation was largely due to a trend toward increased tidal volume ( P < 0.05 at 80% POmax). O2 uptake was greater at 90% POmax with ERL. Increased O2 pulse with ERL at comparative workloads suggests that stroke volume was augmented with ERL. Also, with ERL, athletes attained higherV˙o 2 peak (63.0 ± 1.4 vs. 60.1 ± 1.3 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) and greater POmax (352.0 ± 9.9 vs. 345.7 ± 9.5 W). We conclude that elevated end-expiratory lung volume in response to slight ERL during strenuous exercise served to attenuate both airflow and blood flow limitations, which enhanced exercise capacity.