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1
ÖZÜPAK, Yıldırım. "Performing Structural Design and Modeling of Transformers Using ANSYS-Maxwell." Brilliant Engineering 2, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.002.005.
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Transformers have attracted great interest since they have been used due to their robustness and application in power systems. Therefore, the nominal values of transformers grow even more in larger power systems due to the constantly increasing power demand. Many types of research are carried out to increase the performance characteristics of transformers and their compatibility with power systems. There are different methods and analysis tools for these studies. One of them is ANSYS@Maxwell, which performs analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). With this program, the design, modeling, analysis, and performance evaluation of the transformer in a high-performance simulation environment can be achieved through effective strategic modeling. In this study, the design and modeling of a three-phase core-type transformer with coils and terminals are explained in detail in ANSYS @ Maxwell simulation platform. Besides, the transformer models examined were adapted using ANSYS@MAXWELL software based on the finite element method. Analyzes are performed to estimate the core-losses, leak-losses, DC-losses, and winding-eddy current losses-of transformers with this program. A large number of meshes were used in FEM analysis of 2D and 3D models to examine the losses in detail.
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Qi, Qi, and Hong Ji. "Simulation and Analysis of Special Motor of the Hydraulic Motor-Vane Pump Based on Ansoft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.603.
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The simulation models of the hydraulic motor-vane pump and three-phase asynchronous motor are established based on Maxwell 2D of ANSOFT, with which the basic performance and transient characteristic are analyzed and the influence law of the hydraulic oil on the transient starting performance of special motor is obtained. The simulation results can be used to design the special motor.
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Xia, Lei, and Haobin Jiang. "Design and Steady-State Performance of a Novel Winding Type Permanent Magnet Coupling with Slip Power Recovery Function." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3141089.
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A novel winding type permanent magnet coupling (WTPMC) is proposed to work as an adjustable speed drive with slip power recovery function. As a kind of dual-mechanical-port electric machine with radial-flux configuration, the WTPMC consists of an outer rotor embedded with three-phase windings, an inner rotor populated with permanent magnets, and a slip power recovery circuit comprising a rectifier, a boost converter, and an ultracapacitor. The working principle of the WTPMC is presented, and its mathematical model is derived. To develop a WTPMC prototype for automotive applications, two-dimensional (2D) finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted using Ansoft Maxwell software to study the steady-state (constant slip speed) performance. For the experimental validation, the WTPMC prototype is manufactured and tested on a test bench. To show the accuracy of the 2D FEA, the computed results are compared with those obtained from experimental measurements. It is shown that the agreement between the 2D FEA and experimental results is good. Moreover, the WTPMC prototype can operate in the output speed range under different load torque conditions. The slip power recovery efficiency for the 2D FEA is 66.7%, while, for experimental measurements, it is 57.2%.
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Cheng, Peng, Geng Wang, Peng Qin, and Feng Yan Li. "Design and Simulation Analysis of HTS Wind Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.138.
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With the development of high temperature superconductor (HTS) material, countries all over the world have shown great attention in HTS generator over the theoretical research and application. In this paper, a 3MW high temperature superconductor wind generator has been designed by using the RM and Maxwell 2D module of FEM software Ansoft. This design use the second generation HTS material YBCO bulk to be the permanent magnet. It break through the capability limitation of the traditional permanent magnet generation. Based on the FEM simulating, calculating and changing the parameter, the data of the HTS wind generator has been shown, such as magnet line of force, magnetic-field distribution and so on. Compared with the traditional permanent magnet generation, the HTS wind generator has a strong superiority in various aspects.
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Cheng, Peng, Feng Yan Li, and Ji Hui Li. "Design and Simulation Analysis of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.142.
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With increasing emphasis on the energy crisis and environmental pollutions, wind power has been developing rapidly worldwide. Because of its unique advantage of variable-speed constant-frequency (VSCF), doubly fed induction wind generator (DFIG) has been widely used in the wind power industry. In this paper, a 3.5kW doubly fed induction wind generator is designed and modeled utilizing ANSOFT, after the optimization of the generator parameters, the data of the stator and rotor no-load and full-load are given by simulation. On this basis, a physical model of doubly fed wind generator is established by Maxwell 2D. And through a finite element triangulation, the distributions of magnetic lines of force and magnetic field within the motor are obtained.
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Wojciechowski, Rafał M. "Analysis and optimisation of an axial flux permanent magnet coreless motor based on the field model using the superposition principle and genetic algorithm." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0043.
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Abstract In the paper, methodologies for the magnetic field simulation in an axial flux permanent magnet coreless (AFPMC) motor have been proposed and discussed. Two approaches have been considered and investigated, both based on representing the 3D field distribution by superimposing axisymmetric 2D patterns. The first of studied approaches applies directly to the Biot-Savart law while the second uses a 2D axisymmetric finite element method. The selected results of magnetic field distributions and electromagnetic torque characteristics for the considered AFPMC motor have been presented and compared with results obtained using the commercial FEM package ‘Maxwell’. The elaborated algorithms have been incorporated into the design routines allowing multi-parameter optimisation of the considered motor construction.
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Tikhonov, A. I., A. V. Stulov, I. S. Snitko, and A. V. Podobnyj. "Development of 2D models of the magnetic field for digital twin technology and generative design of power transformers." Vestnik IGEU, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2020.3.032-043.
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The development of generative design technologies that solve the problems of structural optimization and digital twins, that is simulation models of devices with at least 95 % accuracy, is an urgent task. These tech-nologies are usually implemented on the basis of 3D models of physical fields, for example, using ANSYS Maxwell or COMSOL Multiphysics packages, which are demanding in terms of computer resources and de-signer skills. However, the sufficient accuracy for transformer digital twins can be achieved using chain and 2D field models. The article aims to develop the models to calculate the transformer with the accuracy and ability to take into account the design features of a particular device, which is characteristic of digital twins. This can be used in generative design of transformers and in the study of their operation modes. The finite element method implemented via the authoring EMLib library which allows calculating magnetic fields in a 2D formulation was used. The simulation methods using the MatLab Simulink SymPowerSystem package were also employed. The assumptions made during the power transformer simulation have been estimated. They include the possibility of using chain and 2D field models without taking into account the steel anisotropy with Dirichlet boundary conditions when calculating the scattering fluxes. 2D field models have been developed for calculating the main flux and scattering fluxes, which are able to form the basis for digital twin technology and generative design of transformers. A simulation model of a transformer implemented in MatLab Simulink has been provided. The possibility of using the models for diagnosing transformer faults has been demonstrated. The simulation results of a transformer with a defect have been presented. The results obtained can be used in the development of transformers to search for optimal designs and to study the results of design decisions without creating prototypes. The findings can also be applied while operating the transformers to assess the damage and failures without dismantling and according to the test results.
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Chen, Qi Ping, Hong Yu Shu, Kai Ren, and Lai Peng. "Research on Brushless Permanent-Magnet DC Motor of Electric Scooter Based on Ansoft." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 2594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2594.
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In order to obtain good starting performance of the electric scooter driven by brushless permanent-magnet direct circuit motor(BLPMDCM)，modules of RMxprt and Maxwell 2D in Ansoft software are used to build finite element simulation model of BLPMDCM. We simulated and studied the basic features and starting process of BLPMDCM. The results of internal magnetic field distribution and dynamic performance simulation are obtained when the motors are in different positions. The results provide a theoretical basis to further optimize the design, improve the starting torque and reduce torque ripple for this new type of permanent magnet motor and its control system.
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Raed, Althomali, and Alsumiri Mohammed. "FEM Based Prototype of Moving-Coil Coreless Linear-Generator (MCCLG) for Wave Energy Extraction." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186407005.
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Linear generators are one of the most efficient sea wave’s energy extraction setup. In the linear generator setup the energy is taken out by the vertical movement of waves. In most of the energy conversion systems, the energy is extracted by rotating motion by using the rotary generators. This paper is based on the prototype design of moving coil linear generator. The analysis of the prototype is done using the Maxwell finite element software. Finite-Element-Method (FEM) is used to analytically calculate the induced voltage and cogging forces. In this research, the FEM model of a coreless moving coil P.M linear generator has been outlined with an air cored stator. The main aim of the prototype is to convert marine energy directly without conversion from one form of motion to another, in regions the wave height is around 50 cm. A detail machine design formula is derived for the bases of initial prototype design. Prototype is modelled using Maxwell 2D FEM analysis. Hardware setup results were discussed to confirm the design, and to explore the working of the prototype as a generator. The movement of coils is accomplished by buoyancy mechanism of sea waves. The EMF generated is 6 Vp-p according to finite element simulation software. The prototype is able to generate EMF of about 2.5 Vp-p.
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Ustun, Ozgur, Omer Cihan Kivanc, and Mert Safa Mokukcu. "A Linear Brushless Direct Current Motor Design Approach for Seismic Shake Tables." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 7618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217618.
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The progress in material and manufacturing technologies enables the emergence of new research areas in electromagnetic actuator applications. Permanent magnet (PM) linear motors are preferred to achieve precise position control and to meet the need for high dynamic forces in the seismic shake tables that are used in analyzing reactions of structure models. The design approaches on the linear motors used in the seismic shake tables may vary depending on the desired force, stroke and acceleration values. Especially, the maximum width, the maximum depth, the maximum linear motor length in longitudinal direction and the maximum travelling distance parameters are the primary design criteria in seismic shake table drive systems. In this paper, a design approach for a linear PM brushless direct current (BLDC) motor with high force/volume, force/weight and force/input power ratios is developed. The design was analyzed using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) approaches through the ANSYS Maxwell software. The mathematically designed linear BLDC motor was manufactured and subjected to displacement, acceleration and force tests that are used in seismic analyses. The results of the experimental tests validate the convenience of the proposed design approach and the selected parameters.
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da Costa Neves, Carlos Guilherme, Aly Ferreira Flores Filho, Mateus Felipe Goettems, and Pablo Augusto Machado Borges. "Pseudo direct drive simulation and analysis." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 1722–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-01-2018-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to simulate a pseudo direct drive (PDD) by using permanent magnet arrays. Design/methodology/approach A 2D finite element model of the PDD was built. The static magnetic torque on air-gaps was obtained by Coulomb’s virtual work method using Ansys Maxwell software. To simulate the relative movement between input rotor and output rotor, two movement bands were applied. Findings The PDD’s torque relation was proved. The PDD simulated presents low cogging torque. Practical implications The manufacturing steps and materials applied in a construction of a coaxial magnetic gear, PDD’s main component, are presented. Originality/value The value of this paper is to present the numerical techniques applied to simulate a PDD and the manufacturing steps and materials applied in a construction of a coaxial magnetic gear.
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Al-Jubori, Waleed Khalid Shakir, and Yasir Abdulhafedh Ahmed. "Study and analysis the effect of variable applied voltage on SCIM performances based on FEA." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1230-1240.
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Study and analysis the effect of variable applied voltage on SCIM performances based on FEA is presented. Three phase squirrel cage induction motor SCIM has been investigated and numerically simulated using finite element method (FEM) with the aid of ANSYS software (RMxprt and Maxwell 2D/3D). This research presents study and analysis of the effects of the voltage variation on performance and efficiency of the three-phase induction motor of the squirrel cage type. The Finite Elements Analysis Method FEA is used as one of the best methods for analysis and simulation of electrical motors in addition to the possibility of dealing with nonlinear equations, Since the induction motor is a complex electromagnetic reaction, the researchers used the ANSYS program to represent and analyze the performance of the motor under variable supply voltage. The case studied in this research is three phases, 380V, 50Hz, 2.2kW, induction motor that widely use in industrial application. The aim of this research is to study the effect of voltage variation on efficiency, current value, power factor and torque of SCIM. The RMxprt software has been used for modeling and simulating the induction motor and calculating the values of phases currents, input and output power in additional of overall efficiency at steady state condition. The next stage of the research is creating Maxwell 2-D design from the base model of RMxprt software, Maxwell 2-D model has the ability to computing the distribution of magnetic field and explaining the performance under steady-state operation. The obtained results show significant reduction of motor performance due to the effect of variation of apply voltage.
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Lü, Fangcheng, Jiayi Guo, Leilei Niu, Jianghai Geng, and Yirui Pan. "A New 3D Method for Reactor Core Vibration Based on Silicon Steel Lamination Rules and Application in UHV Shunt Reactors." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (October 23, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7290536.
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A new three-dimensional (3D) analysis method is proposed as the existing two-dimensional (2D) method has low accuracy in analysing the vibration characteristics of oil-immersed shunt reactors, such as ultrahigh-voltage (UHV) shunt reactors. First of all, a set of 3D laminated coordinate systems was defined based on silicon steel lamination rules, in which the anisotropy of magnetic properties for laminated silicon steel in the rolling direction (RD), the transverse direction (TD), and the lamination direction (LD) were considered. Then, the mapping between laminated coordinate systems and space rectangular coordinate system was established to unify the parameters in different laminated coordinate systems. With the mapping, the anisotropy of the magnetic properties in the laminated coordinate systems was transformed into a rectangular coordinate system. Next, two sets of comparative studies between the new 3D method and the traditional 2D method were carried out, which show that the 3D method has high precision and a wide application range. Finally, the relationship between air gap number and core vibration of UHV shunt reactors was studied by the new 3D method. The results show that, as the number of air gaps increases, the magnetic flux density and the total force area of Maxwell force are increased, resulting in the intensification of core vibration. The conclusions of this paper are helpful for the design of large oil-immersed reactors.
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da Costa Neves, Carlos Guilherme, and Aly Ferreira Flores Filho. "Analysis of a magnetic gear integrated Halbach generator." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 35, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 1925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-03-2016-0116.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to simulate a magnetic gear full integrated generator (MGFIG) to apply in wind power generation. Design/methodology/approach A 2D finite element model of the MGFIG was built. The static magnetic torque on air-gaps was obtained by Maxwell stress tensor. In order to simulate the movement of both rotors in relation to the winding and modulators two movement bands were applied. Findings It was proved that the MGFIG magnetized with Halbach arrays is able to eliminate the cogging torque, improve the quality of the generated voltage waveform and decrease the core losses and permanent magnet eddy current losses. Practical implications The loss coefficients belonging to core material were found from the measured curves provided by an electrical manufacturer. Originality/value The originality of this paper is to improve the good characteristics of a MGFIG, such as a simple mechanical structure, good utilization of permanents magnet (PM) materials and lower manufacturing cost, by incorporating Halbach PMs arrays to decrease core and eddy current losses, improve the voltage waveform.
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Gungor, Arif Can, Marzena Olszewska-Placha, Malgorzata Celuch, Jasmin Smajic, and Juerg Leuthold. "Advanced Modelling Techniques for Resonator Based Dielectric and Semiconductor Materials Characterization." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 29, 2020): 8533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238533.
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This article reports recent developments in modelling based on Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Finite Element Method (FEM) for dielectric resonator material measurement setups. In contrast to the methods of the dielectric resonator design, where analytical expansion into Bessel functions is used to solve the Maxwell equations, here the analytical information is used only to ensure the fixed angular variation of the fields, while in the longitudinal and radial direction space discretization is applied, that reduced the problem to 2D. Moreover, when the discretization is performed in time domain, full-wave electromagnetic solvers can be directly coupled to semiconductor drift-diffusion solvers to better understand and predict the behavior of the resonator with semiconductor-based samples. Herein, FDTD and frequency domain FEM approaches are applied to the modelling of dielectric samples and validated against the measurements within the 0.3% margin dictated by the IEC norm. Then a coupled in-house developed multiphysics time-domain FEM solver is employed in order to take the local conductivity changes under electromagnetic illumination into account. New methodologies are thereby demonstrated that open the way to new applications of the dielectric resonator measurements.
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Wu, Yi-Chang, and Bo-Wei Lin. "Design of a six-speed transmission hub with an integrated brushless permanent-magnet motor used for electric bicycles." Engineering Computations 31, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-01-2013-0017.
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Purpose – The electric motor and multi-speed transmission hub are essential components for an electric bicycle. Traditionally, these two devices have been designed and manufactured independently. The purpose of this study is to propose a novel electromechanical device that artfully integrates an exterior-rotor brushless permanent-magnet (BLPM) motor into a transmission hub to become a compact structural assembly. Design/methodology/approach – A novel design that integrates a three-phase, 20-pole/18-slot exterior-rotor BLPM motor with a multi-speed transmission hub composed of a six-link, two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) compound planetary gear train (PGT) is presented in this study to overcome inherent drawbacks of existing designs. An analytical approach, based on fundamental circuits, is developed to synthesize the clutching sequences and numbers of teeth of all gears of the PGT. Findings – The integrated device provides six forward speeds, including two underdrives, two direct drives, and two overdrives, as well as two drive modes: the motor-drive mode and the human-drive mode, for electric bicycles. The main feature of the proposed design is the spur gear teeth merged with the pole shoes of the stator to dramatically minimize the detent torque, which is an oscillatory torque that always induces vibration and acoustic noise of the BLPM motor. Originality/value – The gear teeth on the pole shoes of the stator provide functions not only for transmission, but also act as dummy slots for adjusting the magnetostatic field of the BLPM motor to effectively reduce the detent torque. The peak value of the detent torque of the integrated design is only 9 percent of the original BLPM motor with identical magnet properties and motor dimensions. Such a feature is contributive in suppressing the vibration and acoustic noise of the electric bicycle's BLPM motor. A BLPM motor rated at 310 W and 250 r/min for the integrated device is presented and analyzed by using the commercial finite-element package Ansoft/Maxwell 2D Field Simulator.
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Kubiczek, Krzysztof, and Marian Kampik. "Highly accurate and numerically stable computations of double-layer coaxial waveguides." Engineering Computations 36, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 1384–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-09-2018-0415.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop and investigate a fast and accurate algorithm for the modeling of characteristic impedance of double-layer coaxial waveguides. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the newly developed numerically stable analytical formula for calculation of the characteristic impedance of double-layer coaxial conductor and its elements such as resistance, inductance, capacitance and conductance per unit length. The formula contains modified scaled Bessel functions. The results of the developed analytical formula were compared with results obtained from the axis-symmetric 2D and 3D finite element method (FEM) simulations, using three different solvers. Findings The proposed method shows a good agreement between results obtained with the new fast and stable analytical model and particular FEM models, selected depending on frequency range. The relative difference between characteristic impedance calculated using the new analytical method and obtained from chosen FEM method for discussed frequency range is less than 0.1 per cent which proves the correctness of the new analytical formula. Noteworthy is the fact that the relative difference of the resistance computed using the developed analytical method and obtained with Maxwell FEM solver for the frequency in range from 1 Hz to 10 MHz is less than 0.01 per cent. The presented work shows that when the calculations are performed over wide frequency range, it is necessary to use more than one solver, especially when the wavelength is comparable with dimensions of the conductor. The computation time of the new analytical model is much shorter than the computation time of FEM. Originality/value An efficient, numerically stable algorithm for computation of characteristic impedance of a double-layer coaxial conductor (waveguide).
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Maier, M., M. Mattheakis, E. Kaxiras, M. Luskin, and D. Margetis. "Homogenization of plasmonic crystals: seeking the epsilon-near-zero effect." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2230 (October 2019): 20190220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0220.
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By using an asymptotic analysis and numerical simulations, we derive and investigate a system of homogenized Maxwell's equations for conducting material sheets that are periodically arranged and embedded in a heterogeneous and anisotropic dielectric host. This structure is motivated by the need to design plasmonic crystals that enable the propagation of electromagnetic waves with no phase delay (epsilon-near-zero effect). Our microscopic model incorporates the surface conductivity of the two-dimensional (2D) material of each sheet and a corresponding line charge density through a line conductivity along possible edges of the sheets. Our analysis generalizes averaging principles inherent in previous Bloch-wave approaches. We investigate physical implications of our findings. In particular, we emphasize the role of the vector-valued corrector field, which expresses microscopic modes of surface waves on the 2D material. We demonstrate how our homogenization procedure may set the foundation for computational investigations of: effective optical responses of reasonably general geometries, and complicated design problems in the plasmonics of 2D materials.
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Ochkov, Valery, Massimiliano Nori, Ekaterina Borovinskaya, and Wladimir Reschetilowski. "A New Ellipse or Math Porcelain Service." Symmetry 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020184.
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Egglipse was first explored by Maxwell, but Descartes discovered a way to modify the pins-and-string construction for ellipses to produce more egg-shaped curves. There are no examples of serious scientific and practical applications of Three-foci ellipses until now. This situation can be changed if porcelain and ellipses are combined. In the introduced concept of the egg-ellipse, unexplored points are observed. The new Three-foci ellipse with an equilateral triangle, a square, and a circle as “foci” are presented for this application and can be transformed by animation. The new elliptic-hyperbolic oval is presented. The other two similar curves, hyperbola and parabola, can be also used to create new porcelain designs. Curves of the order of 3, 4, 5, etc. are interesting for porcelain decoration. An idea of combining of 3D printer and 2D colour printer in the form of 2.5D Printer for porcelain production and painting is introduced and listings functions in Mathcad are provided.
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Liu, Qi, Xikui Ma, Zhongming Bai, and Xu Zhuansun. "A split-step-scheme-based precise integration time domain method for solving wave equation." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 1/2 (December 20, 2013): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2012-0266.
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Purpose – This paper aims to present a modified precise integration time domain (PITD) method for the numerical solution of 2D scalar wave equation. Design/methodology/approach – The split step (SS) scheme is applied to factorize the conventional PITD calculation into two sub-steps procedures and then field components can be updated along one spatial direction only in each sub-step. The perfectly matched layer (PML) absorber is extended to this method for modeling open region problems by using the stretched coordinate approach. Findings – It is shown that this method requires less computation time and storage space in comparison with the conventional PITD method, yet maintains the numerical stability despite using large time steps. Research limitations/implications – The WE-PITD method requires the divergence free region, which may be a limit on its usage. Hence, there is a challenge of using this technique in the 3D problems. Originality/value – Based on the SS scheme, the PITD method is used to solve the scale wave equation rather than Maxwell's equations, leading to a significant reduction in the computation time and memory usage.
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Wang, Shi Jie, Zhi Dan Weng, Bo Jin, and Hong Xu Cai. "Multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization of linear proportional solenoid actuator." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 43, no. 2 (January 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02768-7.
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AbstractLinear proportional solenoid (LPS) is widely applied in different linear motion control systems as the electromagnetic actuator since its high reliability and low cost. LPS is difficult to optimize by changing a single variable due to amounts of structural design parameters, and each design parameter has a nonlinear relationship with the static electromagnetic force. This paper aims to improve LPS’s push force and response performance through magnetostatic finite element analysis (FEA) by ANSYS MAXWELL. This study compares FEA 2D model, 3D model and measurement results underrated coil current to verify the accuracy of FEA 2D model. In order to reveal the nonlinear relationship between shape design parameters and electromagnet design objectives, this study compares the influence degree of each variable on each design objective by conventional type LPS 2D FEA model. And for the purpose of improving LPS’s push force and response performance, a multi-objective optimization method has been proposed in this study based on genetic algorithm (GA) and magnetostatic FEA 2D model for optimizing the shape design parameters. All the study results were validated in both static conditions and dynamic conditions. The comparison between manufactured optimal type and conventional type results shows that the static push force in working stroke is improved 30.1%, displacement step response rise time is reduced 5.2% and 43.4%, and force step response rise time is reduced 20.5% and 44.6% with different return spring stiffness. Above all, LPS static and dynamic performance has been improved directly and the validation of proposed optimization method is verified in this paper.
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"Force Analysis of Single Axis Actuator Used in Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB)." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 2870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b7889.129219.
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This paper presented the force analysis of single coil actuator for Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) system. Actuator is the most important segment of AMB system. In the bearing system rotor should be levitate before rotation. For the levitation required force is generated by actuator. For the specific structure attractive force is different. These force analysis is done in this manuscript. Depending upon the force appropriate structure can be used for design a perfect AMB system. Here force analysis is performed in ANSYS Maxwell software and characteristics graphs are presented in 2D and three dimensional plots are constructed using MATLAB for the better observation.
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Balac, Stéphane, Monique Dauge, and Zoïs Moitier. "Asymptotics for 2D whispering gallery modes in optical micro-disks with radially varying index." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, August 10, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/hxab033.
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Abstract Whispering gallery modes [WGM] are resonant modes displaying special features: they concentrate along the boundary of the optical cavity at high polar frequencies and they are associated with complex scattering resonances very close to the real axis. As a classical simplification of the full Maxwell system, we consider 2D Helmholtz equations governing transverse electric or magnetic modes. Even in this 2D framework, very few results provide asymptotic expansion of WGM resonances at high polar frequency $m\to \infty $ for cavities with radially varying optical index. In this work, using a direct Schrödinger analogy, we highlight three typical behaviors in such optical micro-disks, depending on the sign of an ‘effective curvature’ that takes into account the radius of the disk and the values of the optical index and its derivative. Accordingly, this corresponds to abruptly varying effective potentials (step linear or step harmonic) or more classical harmonic potentials, leading to three distinct asymptotic expansions for ground state energies. Using multiscale expansions, we design a unified procedure to construct families of quasi-resonances and associate quasi-modes that have the WGM structure and satisfy eigenequations modulo a super-algebraically small residual ${\mathscr{O}}(m^{-\infty })$. We show using the black box scattering approach that quasi-resonances are ${\mathscr{O}}(m^{-\infty })$ close to true resonances.
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Carpentieri, Bruno. "Algebraic preconditioners for the Fast Multipole Method in electromagnetic scattering analysis from large structures: trends and problems." Electronic Journal of Boundary Elements 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/ejbe.v7i1.952.
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<div>The Fast Multipole Method was introduced by Greengard and Rokhlin in a seminal paper appeared in 1987 for studying large systems of particle interactions with reduced algorithmic and memory complexity [60]. Developments of the original idea are successfully applied to the analysis of many scientific and engineering problems of practical interest. In scattering analysis, multipole techniques may enable to reduce the computational complexity of iterative solution procedures involving dense matrices arising from the discretization of integral operators from O(n2) to O(n log n) arithmetic operations. In this paper we discuss recent algorithmic developments of algebraic preconditioning techniques for the Fast Multipole Method for 2D and 3D scattering problems. We focus on design aspects, implementation details, numerical scalability, parallel performance on emerging computer systems, and give some minor emphasis to theoretical aspects as well. Thanks to the use of iterative techniques and efficient parallel preconditioners, fast integral solvers involving tens of million unknowns are nowadays feasible and can be integrated in the design processes. Keywords: algebraic preconditioners, Fast Multipole Method, Krylov solvers, electromagnetic scattering applications, Maxwell's equations.</div>
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Li, Jin, Thomas M. Horgan, Andrew J. Gatesman, Robert H. Giles, Aram S. Karakashian, and William D. Goodhue. "Jet-based Photonic Crystals for Terahertz Technology – A Need for Higher Resolution." MRS Proceedings 860 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-860-ll4.3.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTTwo-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals of air columns in a wax substrate were fabricated by jet-based methods. By modifying the structure of the photonic crystals (PC), electromagnetic waves can be controlled, enabling the design of novel devices for waveguides, filters, and couplers. The jet-based processing is a solid freeforming method that can fabricate complex 2D or 3D photonic structures quickly and easily as compared to micro-machining and lithographic methods. The resolution of our 3D Systems ThermoJet® solider object printer is 300 × 400 × 600 dpi (XYZ) with the layer thickness of 0.042 mm. The wax used is a thermopolymer build material, similar to production investment casting wax material. The periodicity of the lattice of our 2D PC structures was designed to form bandstop filters in the 0.1–0.3 THz range. Transmission spectra of the structures were measured with a Bruker IFS 66v FT-IR interferometer. Photonic band gaps were observed at 0.17 THz and 0.23 THz along the Γ-M direction for both the TM and TE polarized incident beam for the PC structures with lattice constant of 0.787 mm and 0.586 mm, respectively. The location and width of the bandgaps agree with theoretical calculation based on a block-iterative frequency-domain method for Maxwell's equations in a planewave basis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a jet-based process has been used successfully to fabricate PC structures at these high frequencies. However, the ThermoJet® printer as well as other current available solid freeforming technologies lack the resolution to PC structures operating in the terahertz regime. To extend this technology to terahertz applications, such as terahertz lasers, waveguides, and imaging system, a 10-fold increase in machine resolution is required to produce finer structures. Engineering materials with lower electromagnetic absorption and higher dielectric constants at terahertz frequencies are also critical to developing THz photonic bandgap technology.