Journal articles: 'Mayflies Stoneflies Caddisflies'

1

Heino, Jani, Timo Muotka, Riku Paavola, and Lauri Paasivirta. "Among-taxon congruence in biodiversity patterns: can stream insect diversity be predicted using single taxonomic groups?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1039–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-081.

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The utility of single taxonomic groups as indicators of biodiversity variation in other taxa has recently gained increasing attention, but such studies on stream organisms are lacking. We studied the diversity patterns of mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, and chironomid midges across 110 headwater streams in Finland. Specifically, we examined if species richness and assemblage composition showed similar variation among the taxonomic groups across environmental gradients and if a single taxon could be used as a predictor of diversity in the other groups. Species richness and composition in different taxa exhibited slightly different relationships to environmental gradients, leading to low degrees of concordance. The diversity of mayflies and chironomids showed strongest relationships with stream acidity and water colour, whereas stoneflies and caddisflies exhibited more complex correlations with geographical location and local environmental variables. The overall assemblage composition, however, exhibited significant among-taxon congruence, as shown by Mantel tests. However, even these correlations remained rather low, thus limiting their potential for conservation purposes. Overall, our results do not support the use of single taxonomic groups as indicators of insect biodiversity in headwater stream ecosystems. Alternative approaches for lotic biodiversity assessment (e.g., morphospecies, higher-taxon richness, and environmental diversity) should thus be examined in future studies.

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DeWalt, R. Edward, Kenneth W. Stewart, Stephen R. Moulton II, and James H. Kennedy. "Summer Emergence of Mayflies, Stoneflies, and Caddisflies from a Colorado Mountain Stream." Southwestern Naturalist 39, no. 3 (September 1994): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3671589.

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DeWalt, R., Eric J. South, Desiree R. Robertson, Joy E. Marburger, Wendy W. Smith, and Victoria Brinson. "Mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies of streams and marshes of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, USA." ZooKeys 556 (January 21, 2016): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.556.6725.

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Morse, John C., Bill P. Stark, and W. Patrick McCafferty. "Southern Appalachian streams at risk: Implications for mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, and other aquatic biota." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 3, no. 4 (December 1993): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3270030404.

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Myers, L. W., B. C. Kondratieff, T. B. Mihuc, and D. E. Ruiter. "The Mayflies (Ephemeroptera), Stoneflies (Plecoptera), and Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Adirondack Park (New York State)." Transactions of the American Entomological Society 137, no. 1 & 2 (December 2011): 63–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3157/061.137.0118.

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Morinière, Jérôme, Lars Hendrich, Michael Balke, Arne J. Beermann, Tobias König, Monika Hess, Stefan Koch, et al. "A DNA barcode library for Germany′s mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera)." Molecular Ecology Resources 17, no. 6 (June 27, 2017): 1293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12683.

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Matthews, G. B., R. A. Matthews, and B. Hachmöller. "Mathematical Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Trends in the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities of a Small Stream." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 2184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-258.

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Macroinvertebrates were collected at four sites in Padden Creek, a small second-order stream in Whatcom County, Washington, USA. Two upstream sites were characterized by high densities of sensitive taxa, predominantly mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies, and two downstream sites showed high densities of tolerant taxa, especially true flies, annelids, Baetis mayflies, and gastropods. Despite the small sample size, some statistical techniques proved useful. The first two components of correspondence analysis were used to confirm the existence of both seasonal and spatial trends in the benthic macroinvertebrate populations of the stream. Neither component alone, however, ordinated the samples with respect to these trends. Combinations of the first two components were required. A standard clustering technique, k-means clustering with squared Euclidean distance, further confirmed the seasonal trend. Nonmetric clustering, not widely used in the analysis of ecological data, was necessary to confirm the spatial trend. Nonmetric clustering was also able to identify a small number of "significant" taxa, i.e. taxa that reliably served as indicators of spatial position on the stream.

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Kefford, Ben J., David Buchwalter, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Jenny Davis, Richard P. Duncan, Ary Hoffmann, and Ross Thompson. "Salinized rivers: degraded systems or new habitats for salt-tolerant faunas?" Biology Letters 12, no. 3 (March 2016): 20151072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.1072.

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Anthropogenic salinization of rivers is an emerging issue of global concern, with significant adverse effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Impacts of freshwater salinization on biota are strongly mediated by evolutionary history, as this is a major factor determining species physiological salinity tolerance. Freshwater insects dominate most flowing waters, and the common lotic insect orders Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies) and Trichoptera (caddisflies) are particularly salt-sensitive. Tolerances of existing taxa, rapid adaption, colonization by novel taxa (from naturally saline environments) and interactions between species will be key drivers of assemblages in saline lotic systems. Here we outline a conceptual framework predicting how communities may change in salinizing rivers. We envision that a relatively small number of taxa will be saline-tolerant and able to colonize salinized rivers (e.g. most naturally saline habitats are lentic; thus potential colonizers would need to adapt to lotic environments), leading to depauperate communities in these environments.

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Francis, Tessa B., Daniel E. Schindler, and Jonathan W. Moore. "Aquatic insects play a minor role in dispersing salmon-derived nutrients into riparian forests in southwestern Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-144.

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Recent research has highlighted the importance of nutrients derived from Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) carcasses for coastal freshwater and riparian ecosystems. To investigate the role of emerging aquatic insects in dispersing salmon nutrients from spawning streams to riparian habitats, we quantified the emergence and return rates of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera) on Pick Creek in southwestern Alaska and, using stable isotopes, estimated the associated flux of nutrients derived from sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to streamside forests. Between June and September of 2004, 7.6 mg·m–2 of salmon-derived nitrogen emerged from Pick Creek in the form of aquatic invertebrates, 6.7 mg·m–2 of which was transferred to the terrestrial ecosystem. Dispersal patterns on four area streams showed that the majority of stream-borne nutrients are deposited within 25 m of the stream. Aquatic insects represent a minor vector for salmon nutrients to terrestrial systems, dispersing less than 0.03% of total nitrogen imported to Pick Creek by spawning salmon. Nevertheless, emerging insects make available salmon-derived resources otherwise inaccessible to some terrestrial consumers.

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Potikha, E. V. "A Taxonomic List of the Mayflies, Stoneflies and Caddisflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) of the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve." Achievements in the Life Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 2015): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.als.2015.05.004.

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Cobb, D. G., T. D. Galloway, and J. F. Flannagan. "Effects of Discharge and Substrate Stability on Density and Species Composition of Stream Insects." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-198.

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Effects of discharge/substrate stability relationships on the abundance, diversity, and distribution of aquatic insects were studied from 1986 to 1988 in three reaches of a small stream in the Manitoba escarpment. Substrate stability (percentage of streambed paving material at incipient motion) ranged from 80 to 20% at bankfull discharge. Eleven taxa of mayflies, 15 taxa of caddisflies, and 10 taxa of stoneflies were collected. All but a few taxa were present at all stations. Benthic insect densities were negatively correlated with increasing discharge and substrate particle movement at all stations. Regression models describing insect density in terms of substrate stability usually accounted for more variation than models describing density in terms of discharge. Insect density decreased up to 94% at the most unstable stream reach following summer and autumn spates when 8 and 12%, respectively, of the streambed paving material was at incipient motion wheres no reduction occurred in a stable riffle constructed nearby. Most insect species were highly resilient; densities and diversities returned to prespate levels during periods of low flow. Temporal and spatial aspects of substrate stability should be considered in stream insect studies, particularly in relation to disturbance.

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Mitterboeck, T. Fatima, and Sarah J. Adamowicz. "Flight loss linked to faster molecular evolution in insects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1767 (September 22, 2013): 20131128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1128.

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The loss of flight ability has occurred thousands of times independently during insect evolution. Flight loss may be linked to higher molecular evolutionary rates because of reductions in effective population sizes ( N e ) and relaxed selective constraints. Reduced dispersal ability increases population subdivision, may decrease geographical range size and increases (sub)population extinction risk, thus leading to an expected reduction in N e . Additionally, flight loss in birds has been linked to higher molecular rates of energy-related genes, probably owing to relaxed selective constraints on energy metabolism. We tested for an association between insect flight loss and molecular rates through comparative analysis in 49 phylogenetically independent transitions spanning multiple taxa, including moths, flies, beetles, mayflies, stick insects, stoneflies, scorpionflies and caddisflies, using available nuclear and mitochondrial protein-coding DNA sequences. We estimated the rate of molecular evolution of flightless (FL) and related flight-capable lineages by ratios of non-synonymous-to-synonymous substitutions (d N /d S ) and overall substitution rates (OSRs). Across multiple instances of flight loss, we show a significant pattern of higher d N /d S ratios and OSRs in FL lineages in mitochondrial but not nuclear genes. These patterns may be explained by relaxed selective constraints in FL ectotherms relating to energy metabolism, possibly in combination with reduced N e .

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Hogsden, Kristy L., Michael J. Winterbourn, and Jon S. Harding. "Do food quantity and quality affect food webs in streams polluted by acid mine drainage?" Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 12 (2013): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13016.

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Food influences the structure of consumer communities; however, in polluted streams food resources may be severely reduced and act as an additional stressor. We examined the quantity and quality of basal resources and prey items for invertebrate consumers in 12 streams along an acid mine drainage (AMD) gradient (pH range: 2.7–7.1) and characterised their diets using stable isotope and gut content analyses. Algal and detrital resource quantity (biomass) and quality (C : N ratio) did not differ significantly along the gradient, except algal C : N, which was lower in highly stressed and circumneutral streams. Furthermore, availability, size and diversity of animal prey decreased significantly with increasing stress. Most primary consumers were generalist feeders, but algae became increasingly common in their diets as pH increased. Predators were opportunistic and consumed prey that reflected locally abundant taxa. Generally, these were small-bodied chironomids in highly stressed streams and larger-bodied prey (mayflies, caddisflies, stoneflies) in moderately stressed and circumneutral streams. Our results indicated that acidity and metal toxicity were the primary stressors of communities in streams affected by AMD and that food quantity was unlikely to be limiting for primary consumers. However, food availability may be an additional stressor affecting predators in streams receiving AMD.

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Lowell, Richard B., and Joseph M. Culp. "Implications of Sampling Frequency for Detecting Temporal Patterns during Environmental Effects Monitoring." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.008.

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Abstract To estimate the effects of sampling frequency on detecting temporal patterns during environmental effects monitoring, we used multivariate analyses and data subsampling to investigate long-term (spanning 20 years) patterns in benthic invertebrate community structure downriver of a large pulp mill in southern British Columbia. Patterns in invertebrate abundance sampled yearly were related to long-term patterns in several physicochemical variables measured in the river using multidimensional scaling ordination. The only available physicochemical variables that were significantly correlated with invertebrate community structure over the 20-year period were the mill outputs of total phosphorus and suspended solids, and these were associated with increased abundances of five families of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies. To evaluate the implications of sampling on a more coarse (than yearly) time scale, the full data set spanning 20 years was subsampled to produce a series of smaller data sets, each simulating a sampling frequency of once every three years. Ordination of the subsample data sets showed that an average of 71% of the important taxa and 50% of the important physicochemical variables highlighted in the full analysis were missed in the subset analyses. These results underscore the importance of ensuring adequate temporal replication of sampling effort when a major goal is to directly measure or test for temporal patterns of stressor impacts.

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15

Dobrin, Michelle, and Donna J. Giberson. "Life history and production of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in a spring-fed stream in Prince Edward Island, Canada: evidence for population asynchrony in spring habitats?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 1083–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-091.

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We examined the life history and production of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) community along a 500-m stretch of a hydrologically stable cold springbrook in Prince Edward Island during 1997 and 1998. Six mayfly species (Ephemeroptera), 6 stonefly species (Plecoptera), and 11 caddisfly species (Trichoptera) were collected from benthic and emergence samples from five sites in Balsam Hollow Brook. Eleven species were abundant enough for life-history and production analysis: Baetis tricaudatus, Cinygmula subaequalis, Epeorus (Iron) fragilis, and Epeorus (Iron) pleuralis (Ephemeroptera), Paracapnia angulata, Sweltsa naica, Leuctra ferruginea, Amphinemura nigritta, and Nemoura trispinosa (Plecoptera), and Parapsyche apicalis and Rhyacophila brunnea (Trichoptera). Life-cycle timing of EPT taxa in Balsam Hollow Brook was generally similar to other literature reports, but several species showed extended emergence periods when compared with other studies, suggesting a reduction in synchronization of life-cycle timing, possibly as a result of the thermal patterns in the stream. Total EPT secondary production (June 1997 to May 1998) was 2.742.80 g·m2·year1 dry mass (size-frequency method). Mayflies were dominant, with a production rate of 2.2 g·m2·year1 dry mass, followed by caddisflies at 0.41 g·m2·year1 dry mass, and stoneflies at 0.19 g·m2·year1 dry mass. More than half of the species found in the study stream represented new distribution records for Prince Edward Island.

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Williams, D. Dudley, Laura G. Ambrose, and Laura N. Browning. "Trophic dynamics of two sympatric species of riparian spider (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-183.

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Four species of Tetragnatha were found along the banks of Duffin Creek, Ontario: T. versicolor Walckenaer, T. elongata Walckenaer, T. laboriosa Hentz, and T. straminea Emerton. However, only the first two species were common; together they represented 91% of all species of spiders observed. Highest densities of T. elongata occurred in July, a time when numbers of T. versicolor were at their lowest. Growth rates differed between the two species. Both species were more common (2–3 times) on the east bank of the river than on the west. The locations (in three dimensions) of individual spiders along the banks were similar for both species, although T. elongata frequented shrubs overhanging the river more than T. versicolor, which was found farther away from the water's edge. The mean number of prey caught by T elongata was significantly higher than that caught by T. versicolor. Webs caught most prey when located 2–4 m from the water's edge, both in annual vegetation (grass level to a height of about 0.5 m) and in tall shrubs (1.5–2 m). Large numbers of prey were caught also in webs spun in shrubs and tree branches that hung over the water surface at a height of 1–2 m. The number of prey caught was not related to web diameter. Maximum prey capture by T. elongata coincided with the time of maximum total insect emergence in the river. Although the insect taxa found in the webs reflected those that were emerging in greatest numbers, typically chironomids and mayflies, other commonly emerging taxa (e.g., caddisflies and stoneflies) were conspicuously absent. The minimum estimate of the proportion of total insect emergence from this river that is captured by these two spider species is 0.2%.

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Česonienė, Laima, Midona Dapkienė, and Petras Punys. "Assessment of the Impact of Small Hydropower Plants on the Ecological Status Indicators of Water Bodies: A Case Study in Lithuania." Water 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040433.

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Hydropower plants produce renewable and sustainable energy but affect the river’s physico-chemical characteristics and change the abundance and composition of the aquatic organisms. The impact of large HPPs on the ecological conditions of surface water bodies have been extensively studied, but less attention has been paid to environmental impact studies of small hydropower plants (SHPs). The impact of hydropeaking on both the river flow regime and ecosystems has been well-studied for peaking mode plants, mainly medium to large-sized ones. However, for small hydroelectric power plants, and especially for those in lowland rivers, the available information on water quality, benthic macroinvertebrates communities and fish abundance, and biomass is not sufficient. Ten small hydropower plants were selected, and the ecological status of water bodies was assessed in different parts of Lithuania. The studies were performed at the riverbed upstream from the SHPs, where the hydrological regime has not changed, and downstream from the SHPs. It was found that the small hydropower plants do not affect the physico-chemical values of the water quality indicators. This study demonstrated that the total number of benthic macroinvertebrates taxa (TS) is influenced by the concentration of nitrogen and suspended solids, the water flow, the river area, and the current speed; the number of EPT (Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies)) taxa is influenced by the concentration of nitrogen and suspended solids. The studied indicators do not have a significant impact on biomass. The SHPs affect the fish abundance and biomass. The Lithuanian fish index (LFI) is influenced by the average depth and area of the river. Some SHPs operating in lowland areas may yield somewhat significant hydrograph ramping but more detailed investigation is needed to support the significance of this impact on the biological indices.

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18

Krno, Il’ja. "Macrozoobenthos of two different catchment areas of the tatra mountain lakes with a special reference on the effects of acidification." Biologia 61, no. 18 (January 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-006-0129-2.

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AbstractThe structure of macrozoobenthos of two different high-mountain Tatra lakes, namely Starolesnianske pleso (strongly acidified) and Nižné Terianske pleso (reference site) is described. The latter is characterised by a large catchment and total area, and is relatively deep with strong inlet and outlet. It is not affected by acidification. Univoltine species of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies dominate in the littoral, mainly scrapers. Predators are represented by stoneflies. Shredders dominate in the lake outlet. From the zoogeographic point of view, Carpathian endemites and Central European species prevail. Forty percent of species are sensitive to acidification. The former has a smaller catchment and total area, and is relatively shallow, without inlet. It is strongly affected by acidification. Semivoltine species, mainly predators (beetles) and shredders prevail. From the zoogeographic point of view Palaearctic species dominate. Species sensitive to acidification are missing. Emergence of water insects has two peaks during spring and fall circulation.

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19

"Southern Appalachian streams at risk: implications for mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies, and other aquatic biota." Biological Conservation 70, no. 3 (1994): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90219-4.

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20

Bolotov, Ivan N., Olga V. Aksenova, Ilya V. Vikhrev, Ekaterina S. Konopleva, Yulia E. Chapurina, and Alexander V. Kondakov. "A new fossil piddock (Bivalvia: Pholadidae) may indicate estuarine to freshwater environments near Cretaceous amber-producing forests in Myanmar." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (March 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86241-y.

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AbstractThe lower Cenomanian Kachin amber from Myanmar contains a species-rich assemblage with numerous plant and animal fossils. Terrestrial and, to a lesser degree, freshwater species predominate in this assemblage, while a few taxa with marine affinities were also discovered, e.g. isopods, ammonites, and piddocks. Here, we describe the Kachin amber piddock †Palaeolignopholas kachinensis gen. & sp. nov. It appears to be an ancestral stem lineage of the recent Lignopholas piddocks, which are estuarine to freshwater bivalves, boring into wood and mudstone rocks. Frequent occurrences and high abundance of †Palaeolignopholas borings and preserved shells in the Kachin amber could indicate that the resin-producing forest was partly situated near a downstream (estuarine to freshwater) section of a river. Multiple records of freshwater invertebrates (caddisflies, mayflies, stoneflies, odonates, and chironomids) in this amber could also manifest in favor of our paleo-environmental reconstruction, although a variety of local freshwater environments is known to occur in coastal settings.

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"Mechanisms of Survival of Arthropods in the World." Journal of Marine Science Research and Oceanography 4, no. 2 (May 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/jmsro.04.02.03.

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The phylum Arthropoda is commonly divided into four subphyla of extant forms: Chelicerate (arachnids), Crustacea (crustaceans), Hexapoda (insects and springtails), and Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes). Arthropods are classified as [Subclass] Apterygial including: Archaeognatha (Order: Microcoryphia), three-pronged bristletails (Order: Thysanura). [Subclass] Pterygota including : Biting and Sucking lice (Order: Phthiraptera), Booklice and Bark lice (Order: Psocoptera) Cockroaches (Order: Blattodea), Dragonflies and Damselflies (Order: Odonata), Earwigs (Order: Dermaptera), Grasshoppers and Crickets (Order: Orthoptera), Praying Mantids (Order: Mantodea), Mayflies (Order: Ephemeroptera), Stick insects and Leaf insects (Order: Phasmatodea), Stoneflies (Order: Plecoptera), Termites (Previously Order: Isoptera but now part of Order: Blattodea), Thrips (Order: Thysanoptera), True Bugs (Order: Hemiptera), Web-spinners (Order: Embioptera), Zorapterans (Order: Zoraptera), Alderflies, Dobsonflies & Fishflies (Order: Megaloptera), Bees, Wasps and Ants (Order: Hymenoptera), Beetles (Order: Coleoptera), Butterflies and Moths (Order: Lepidoptera), Caddisflies (Order: Trichoptera), Fleas (Order: Siphonaptera), Flies (Order: Diptera), Lacewings, Antlions & Mantidflies (Order: Neuroptera), Scorpionflies (Order: Mecoptera), Snakeflies (Order: Raphidioptera), Strepsipterans (Order: Strepsiptera). Over one million species of insects have been discovered and described but it is estimated that there may be as many as 10 million species on earth. Insects have been around for more than 350 million years, longer than the dinosaurs and flowering plants (Figure. 1).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mayflies Stoneflies Caddisflies'

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