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1
Bechmann, Marianne, Inga Greipsland, and Anne Falk Øgaard. "Implementation of Mitigation Measures to Reduce Phosphorus Losses: The Vestre Vansjø Pilot Catchment." Agriculture 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9010015.
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Diffuse phosphorus loss from agricultural fields is an important contributor to the eutrophication of waterbodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate a pilot project for the implementation of mitigation measures to reduce P losses. The pilot project is situated in southwestern Norway and, covers a 14-year period (2004–2018). It included data on the implementation of mitigation measures and water quality monitoring for six small catchments. The mitigation measures consisted of no tillage in autumn, reduced P fertilizer application, grassed buffer zones, and sedimentation ponds. Extra efforts were made to reduce diffuse P losses during the period from 2008 to 2010. The project comprised economic incentives, an information campaign, and farm visits. Data from 2004 and 2010 showed that the use of P fertilizer during this period decreased by 80% and the area of no-till in autumn increased in all six catchments and covered 100% of the area in three of the six catchments in 2010. However, with decreased economic incentives after 2010, the degree to which the mitigation measures were implemented was reversed; P-fertilization increased, and no-till in autumn decreased. No significant effects of mitigation measures on total P and suspended sediment concentrations were detected. We conclude that economic incentives are necessary for the comprehensive implementation of mitigation measures and but that it is not always possible to show the effect on water quality.
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Foster, Natalie. "Water Co-Governance for Sustainable Ecosystems: Reflections and Recommendations from Pilot Processes in the UK." Water 13, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131737.
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As part of the Water Co-Governance for Sustainable Ecosystems (WaterCoG) project, this research evaluated two river catchment pilots in the United Kingdom (UK) via a series of semi-structured interviews in order to better understand how collaborative governance (co-governance) approaches contribute to water governance. The findings demonstrate that the participatory process used by catchment partnerships (comprising stakeholders working together within a catchment area) to co-produce knowledge has enabled them to jointly identify improvements that are more meaningful than previous actions to those involved or affected by the situation in their catchment. However, there are concerns about the balance of social, economic and environmental interests in decision making, as well as perceived misunderstandings about the situation in the catchment as a whole. All interviewees (comprising stakeholders from across different scales and levels of water governance) recognized benefits from working together. They also observed that progress to deliver measures is impeded by polices and institutions that are not conducive to partnership working. The interviewees recognized and valued the significant capacity and capability of catchment partnership host organization(s) to facilitate and enable the development of the catchment partnership. However, they also raised important questions about the host’s ability to represent the needs and interests of all catchment partnership members. The recommendations emerging from this research suggest ways to improve water co-governance, including considering the feasibility and desirability of the catchment partnership host; reconceptualizing catchment management plans as a process rather than an outcome; conducting and regularly reviewing a stakeholder analysis of catchment partnership members; working more closely together with other types of partnerships and committees; engaging in and providing opportunities for developing skills in systems thinking, social learning and collaborative actions; working with the UK Government to develop place-based policies and plans; and engaging in dialogue with the UK Government and other bodies to review access to funding and other types of resources.
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Grobicki, A. M. W. "Urban catchment management in a developing country: the Lotus River project, Cape Town, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 2-3 (July 1, 2001): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0784.
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This paper describes a 2-year pilot project undertaken in an urban catchment in Cape Town, South Africa. The impermeable area of the Lotus River catchment has doubled over 15 years, from 17% in 1983 to 34% in 1997. Following the abolition of urban influx control in 1990, informal settlements in the catchment grew rapidly and now house about 90,000 out of the catchment's total population of 380,000 people. The informal areas are still largely unserviced, despite a commitment from local government to speed up service delivery to the poorest areas of the city. Within the Lotus River project, hydrological and ecological assessments of the urban watercourses were undertaken, through physico-chemical and microbiological sampling programmes, macro-invertebrate counts, and vegetation sampling. All available information regarding the catchment was integrated within a GIS platform, including demographic and socio-economic data on the various communities, and hydrogeological information on the underlying aquifer obtained from earlier studies. The integrated nature of the project allows a number of conclusions and recommendations to be drawn, regarding the management of this particular catchment. However, important general lessons have also been learned which can be applied by local authorities responsible for urban catchments in developing countries. The necessity of providing the required institutional structures cannot be overemphasised.
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Bernard, C., P. Herviou, and T. Poujol. "Stormwater treatment by dissolved air flotation: first results from a pilot project." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0031.
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A stormwater treatment plant using dissolved air flotation was operated in 1993, at the outlet of the Chelles River catchment area (Seine-et-Marne, France). The process was divided into two different stages. Firstly, a coagulation/flocculation stage, secondly a flotation stage in a flotation tank. The flow rate was set at 13 m3/h. Stormwater was the main part of the effluent but with some urban wastewater as the network is not strictly separate. The process efficiency was tested for suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and hydrocarbons. A total hydrocarbon removal was observed. Finally, constant output concentrations were observed in spite of important input roughwater concentration variations.
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Krause, P., F. Bäse, U. Bende-Michl, M. Fink, W. Flügel, and B. Pfennig. "Multiscale investigations in a mesoscale catchment – hydrological modelling in the Gera catchment." Advances in Geosciences 9 (September 26, 2006): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-9-53-2006.
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Abstract. The application of the hydrological process-oriented model J2000 (J2K) is part of a cooperation project between the Thuringian Environmental Agency (Thüringer Landesanstalt für Umwelt und Geologie – TLUG) and the Department of Geoinformatics of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena focussing on the implementation of the EU water framework directive (WFD). In the first project phase J2K was parametrised and calibrated for a mesoscale catchment to quantify if it can be used as hydrological part of a multi-objective tool-box needed for the implementation of the WFD. The main objectives for that pilot study were: The development and application of a suitable distribution concept which provide the spatial data basis for various tasks and which reflects the specific physiogeographical variability and heterogeneity of river basins adequately. This distribution concept should consider the following constraints: The absolute number of spatial entities, which forms the basis for any distributive modelling should be as small as possible, but the spatial distributed factors, which controls quantitative and qualitative hydrological processes should not be generalised to much. The distribution concept of hydrological response units HRUs (Flügel, 1995) was selected and enhanced by a topological routing scheme (Staudenrausch, 2001) for the simulation of lateral flow processes. J2K should be calibrated for one subbasin of the pilot watershed only. Then the parameter set should be used on the other subbasins (referred as transfer basins) to investigate and quantify the transferability of a calibrated model and potential spatial dependencies of its parameter set. In addition, potential structural problems in the process description should be identified by the transfer to basins which show a different process dominance as the one which was used for calibration does. Model calibration and selection of efficiency criteria for the quantification of the model quality should be based on a comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (Bäse, 2005) and multi-response validations with independent data sets (Krause and Flügel, 2005) carried out in advance in the headwater part of the calibration basin. To obtain good results in the transfer basins the calibrated parameter set could be adjusted slightly. This step was considered as necessary because of specific constraints which were not of significant importance in the calibration basin. This readjustment should be carried out on parameters which show a sensitive reaction on the identified differences in the environmental setup. Potential scaling problems of the process description, distribution concept or model structure should be identified by the comparison of the modelling results obtained in a small headwater region of the calibration basin with observed streamflow to find out if the selected efficiency measures show a significant change.
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Van Assel, J., and R. Carrette. "A practical application of integrated urban pollution modelling in Flanders (Belgium): the catchment of Tielt." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 3 (February 1, 2002): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0070.
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In view of a European Innovation Project (DG XIII) on the application of the Urban Pollution Management (UPM) procedure, a European consortium was set up to carry out pilot studies in Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy and Portugal. On the Belgian pilot catchment of Tielt the impact from sewer system and sewage treatment plant (STP) on the receiving water courses was studied for both the existing situation and for a number of possible improvement schemes, using the Intermittent Standards, described in the UPM procedure. The integrated modelling revealed some interesting conclusions on the relative impact of the schemes considered.
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Zimmermann, M., A. Jokisch, J. Deffner, M. Brenda, and W. Urban. "Stakeholder participation and capacity development during the implementation of rainwater harvesting pilot plants in central northern Namibia." Water Supply 12, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.024.
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This paper summarises the lessons learned during the planning and construction of four rainwater harvesting (RWH) pilot plants in the village of Epyeshona (400 inhabitants) in central northern Namibia. The main problem of the region is that the water demand of its population exceeds the local natural resources. The rainfall in the project region is extremely variable (50–990 mm per year), evaporation rates are high, perennial rivers do not exist, and groundwater aquifers are saline due to low soil permeability and high evaporation. The project's activities were prepared and accompanied by stakeholder participation and capacity development. The village community chose the techniques and pilot sites in several participatory workshops. Three roof catchment systems with differing tank designs (polyethylene, ferrocement, and concrete bricks) for individual households and a concrete-lined ground catchment facility for six households were built. The collected water is supposed to be used for horticulture. Hence, gardening plots and drip irrigation systems were created. Selected trainees were trained to build, operate and maintain the RWH systems and gardens. Finally, the pilot plants were monitored and evaluated to examine their social and technological feasibility.
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Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, H. J., and J. Wernstedt. "Global Catchment Area Model for an Operational Water Quantity Forecast - Pilot Project: River Basin of the Werra (GDR)." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 5 (July 1985): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)60572-x.
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Lowry, Ray, Anne Archer, Debora Howe, Rebecca Russell, and Sara Hiom. "Social Marketing Approach to a Successful Oral Cancer Case-Finding Pilot." Social Marketing Quarterly 15, no. 4 (November 25, 2009): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000903304627.
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The incidence of oral cancer is increasing. Cases often present too late for treatment to be successful due to lack of awareness of the disease and reluctance to access services. The objective of this project was to implement a social marketing oral cancer pilot case-finding service for an at-risk population. The project used specific awareness-raising techniques in a defined catchment population to engage with those at risk from oral cancer and encourage them to seek early case-finding and diagnosis or elimination from follow-up, in a uniquely designed case-finding/referral intervention based on social marketing techniques. Of those who went on to make a case-finding appointment following an initial risk assessment, 96% kept their appointment and 10% were referred to specialist services. The system developed proved that it is possible to engage with a hard-to-reach target population at risk from a serious disease and draw significant numbers into case-finding/health service contact. This intervention illustrates the value of complex target-population tracking systems; shows the application of social marketing techniques in drawing in a target audience hard-to-reach; and how much social marketing is about the product or service rather than just the communication strategy.
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Petruck, A., E. Holtmeier, A. Redder, and B. Teichgräber. "Real time control of a combined sewer system using radar-measured precipitation - results of the pilot study." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0711.
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Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband have developed a method to use radar-measured precipitation as an input for a real-time control of a combined sewer system containing several overflow structures. Two real-time control strategies have been developed and tested, one is solely volume-based, the other is volume and pollution-based. The system has been implemented in a pilot study in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. During the project the system was optimised and is now in constant operation. It was found, that the volume of combined sewage overflow could be reduced by 5 per cent per year. This was also found in simulations carried out in similar catchment areas. Most of the potential of improvement can already be achieved by local pollution-based control strategies.
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Murray, Kevin, Akintunde Akinkunmi, Martin Lock, and Rosslyn Brown. "The Bentham Unit: A pilot remand and assessment service for male mentally disordered remand prisoners." British Journal of Psychiatry 170, no. 5 (May 1997): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.5.456.
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BackgroundBecause of continuing concern regarding the inadequacy of existing NHS provision for mentally disordered remand prisoners, the Bentham Unit was commissioned as a pilot project to provide rapid assessment and, where appropriate, hospital admission for such prisoners from the former North West Thames catchment area.MethodInformation is presented on the 150 referrals and 62 admissions in the first year of the service's operation.ResultsThe service met the Reed Report targets for assessment time. Most of those referred were previously known to psychiatric services. The alleged offences were more serious than anticipated. Those admitted were transferred to appropriate services of the conclusion of their court cases, and remained in contact with services three months later. Waiting for the conclusion of court proceedings significantly prolonged the length of stay. Substantial cost transfers from the criminal justice system to the health system were evident.ConclusionsAdequate services for mentally disordered remand prisoners are entirely achievable; provision of such services is a resource issue, not a clinical problem.
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Tesař, M., O. Syrovátka, M. Šír, Ľ. Lichner, J. Váchal, and M. Krejča. "Storm runoff in the foothill headwater area Senotín." Soil and Water Research 3, No. 3 (October 31, 2008): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6/2008-swr.
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The purpose of the pilot project Senotín (1993–2000) was to prove the methods of revitalization of sub-mountain headwater area (0.38 km<sup>2</sup>) in the Novobystřická Vysočina Highland (610–725 m a. s. l.) in the Czech Republic. This area was tile-drained and ploughed in 1985. Seven underground clay shields newly constructed in 1995 stopped the function of the tile drainage. Four balks prevented the surface and subsurface runoff. These adaptations improved water retention capacity of the whole catchment, which is demonstrated using an example of runoff formation in the revitalized area. A typical storm rain (total 15 mm, duration 5.6 h, max. intensity 4 mm/20 min) and the consequent runoff was analysed, including the role of the soil in the runoff retardation and water retention. The runoff started in two hours since the rain beginning. The retention reached 98% of the rain total. The runoff lasted for 85 h. The concave-upward shape of the falling hydrograph limb indicates that the maximum retention capacity of the studied catchment is high.
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Giannaros, Christos, Vassiliki Kotroni, Konstantinos Lagouvardos, Christina Oikonomou, Haris Haralambous, and Katerina Papagiannaki. "Hydrometeorological and Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of Stream Flooding in Southeast Mediterranean: The Case of Rafina Catchment (Attica, Greece)." Water 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2020): 2426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092426.
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The CyFFORS (Cyprus Flood Forecasting System) project aims at increasing flood risk awareness and promoting preparedness against flooding by developing and validating a pilot flood forecasting system targeted over three river/stream basins in the Larnaca region, Cyprus, and Attica region, Greece. The present study demonstrates the analysis of flood-associated information, based on ground-based and ERA5 model reanalysis data, which is a necessary procedure prior to the development of the hydrometeorological modeling tool, in one of the study areas, namely in the Rafina catchment in Attica, Greece. The analysis focusses on 12 stream flood episodes that occurred in the period 2008–2014. The results show that most events were associated with a typical, for the study area, wet-season cyclonic activity. The detailed investigation of two case studies highlighted important spatiotemporal differences in the generation and development of rainfall, as well as in the flooding magnitude, which were related to specific characteristics of the synoptic-scale forcing, topography and soil moisture preconditioning. Moreover, highly correlated positive relationships were found between the observed maximum stream discharge and the duration and maximum total accumulation of precipitation. A strong positive correlation was also evident between the peak discharge and the flooding impacts, leading to the identification of preliminary discharge thresholds for impact-based warnings, which can be applied to the pilot CyFFORS forecasting system.
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Lowry, Ray, Anne Archer, Debora Howe, and Sara Hiom. "The Second Phase of a Social Marketing Approach to a Successful Oral Cancer Case-Finding Pilot." Social Marketing Quarterly 17, no. 4 (December 2011): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.2011.620684.
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This is the second phase of a successful social marketing intervention for mouth cancer detection. The objective is to implement a social marketing oral cancer pilot case-finding service for an at-risk population. Phase two enhanced the original project, which used specific awareness-raising techniques in a defined catchment population to engage with those at risk for oral cancer. It also encouraged them to seek early case-finding and diagnosis or elimination from follow-up in a uniquely designed case-finding/referral intervention based on social marketing techniques. Phase two features included on-street recruiting and mapping of the target audience. The total target population for the intervention was identified, and a significant proportion was reached and drawn into contact with the service. The system developed proved that it is possible to define, identify, and engage with a hard-to-reach target population at risk for a serious disease and draw significant numbers into case-finding/health service contact. This intervention illustrates the value of complex target population tracking systems, the value of using techniques to map target populations, the application of social marketing techniques in drawing in a hard-to-reach target audience, and how much social marketing is about the product or service, rather than just the communication strategy.
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Winocour, Peter H., Karen Moore-Haines, Andrew Solomon, Anne Currie, and Dawn Hardy. "ENHIDE telehealth primary care support of adults with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a pilot study – rationale and study design." British Journal of Diabetes 19, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15277/bjd.2019.215.
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Introduction: Diabetes is considered the main identified cause of end stage renal disease and this combination is becoming more prevalent as populations age and become more obese. Individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have additional multi-morbidity and may represent 25–40% of those on diabetes registers in primary care, where the majority receive medical care. The East and North Herts Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) commissioned the East and North Herts Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (ENHIDE) to pilot an innovative approach to the identification and care of this complex cohort in primary care. This paper reports the project design and objectives.Aims: There were five core objectives of the pilot: (1) to examine the feasibility of extraction of comprehensive datasets from primary care diabetes registers; (2) to examine the feasibility of the individualised data utilisation for patient care; (3) to evaluate the practicality and acceptability of primary care of telehealth virtual case-based reviews; (4) to evaluate the extent of unmet clinical need; and (5) to create new sources of information to improve self-management. In addition, three key performance indicators were set for those with CKD: (1) change in any aspect of management in 20%; (2) reduction of admissions and ambulance call outs for hypoglycaemia in 20%; and (3) reductions in admissions with active foot disease by 20%.Study outline: All patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) <60 mL/min and/or urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) >10 mg/mmol were to be identified from practice diabetes registers enabling a holistic review of ‘15 pillars of care’. In addition to blood glucose management and review of renal function, this included recording of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factor status, risk of hypoglycaemia, assessment of anaemia, metabolic bone disease, foot and retinal health and hospitalisation.Progress: The project was initiated in December 2016 and data are currently being updated for full analysis. 20 of the 55 general practices in the catchment area of the acute trust agreed to participate in the project, enabling case review of 2,874 cases. This initial phase of the pilot has established that the core principles of the project can be delivered in larger numbers, subject to developing new models of data capture and creation of clinically underpinned care algorithms.
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Gilliom, Ryan, Colin Bell, Terri Hogue, and John McCray. "A Rainwater Harvesting Accounting Tool for Water Supply Availability in Colorado." Water 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112205.
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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a renewable water supply option for nonpotable use, most commonly used for landscaping irrigation. Water rights in Colorado prohibit all RWH except residential rain barrels and a pilot project program that allows centralized rainwater harvesting for new development. Development of a natural catchment creates impervious surfaces, thereby increasing runoff, with a subsequent decrease in infiltration and losses to evapotranspiration; pilot projects are allowed to harvest a volume equal to the predevelopment runoff losses that would have occurred on new impervious areas at the site. To support this administrative policy, a tool was developed for the efficient calculation of daily allowable harvest at nearly any project site in Colorado. A reliable and useful policy tool requires the incorporation of hydrologic science with widely applicable, user-friendly design, a challenging balance of rigor and accessibility that is welcomed by engineers and policymakers alike. The daily allowable harvest is determined for each soil group as a percentage of infiltrated rainfall less the groundwater return. Horton’s infiltration method is used to model rainfall‒runoff for a range of soil parameters (NRCS hydrologic soil groups) and precipitation events (0.25- to 25-year return periods and 15-min to 24-h durations). For most events, the percent infiltration is 90% of the precipitation depth; this ratio decreases when precipitation exceeds the infiltration rate. Results are simplified in a spreadsheet tool for policy application, with allowable harvest rules binned by event duration and frequency. Simulations using the tool for a 2010‒2017 precipitation record from Colorado’s Front Range showed that RWH can supply up to 50% of the annual demand for traditional landscaping and over 100% of the water-smart landscaping demand.
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Walker, Ashby F., Nicolas Cuttriss, Michael J. Haller, Korey K. Hood, Matthew J. Gurka, Stephanie L. Filipp, Claudia Anez-Zabala, et al. "Democratizing type 1 diabetes specialty care in the primary care setting to reduce health disparities: project extension for community healthcare outcomes (ECHO) T1D." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 9, no. 1 (July 2021): e002262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002262.
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IntroductionProject ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a tele-education outreach model that seeks to democratize specialty knowledge to reduce disparities and improve health outcomes. Limited utilization of endocrinologists forces many primary care providers (PCPs) to care for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) without specialty support. Accordingly, an ECHO T1D program was developed and piloted in Florida and California. Our goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of an ECHO program focused on T1D and improve PCPs’ abilities to manage patients with T1D.Research design and methodsHealth centers (ie, spokes) were recruited into the ECHO T1D pilot through an innovative approach, focusing on Federally Qualified Health Centers and through identification of high-need catchment areas using the Neighborhood Deprivation Index and provider geocoding. Participating spokes received weekly tele-education provided by the University of Florida and Stanford University hub specialty team through virtual ECHO clinics, real-time support with complex T1D medical decision-making, access to a diabetes support coach, and access to an online repository of diabetes care resources. Participating PCPs completed pre/post-tests assessing diabetes knowledge and confidence and an exit survey gleaning feedback about overall ECHO T1D program experiences.ResultsIn Florida, 12 spoke sites enrolled with 67 clinics serving >1000 patients with T1D. In California, 11 spoke sites enrolled with 37 clinics serving >900 patients with T1D. During the 6-month intervention, 27 tele-education clinics were offered and n=70 PCPs (22 from Florida, 48 from California) from participating spoke sites completed pre/post-test surveys assessing diabetes care knowledge and confidence in diabetes care. There was statistically significant improvement in diabetes knowledge (p≤0.01) as well as in diabetes confidence (p≤0.01).ConclusionsThe ECHO T1D pilot demonstrated proof of concept for a T1D-specific ECHO program and represents a viable model to reach medically underserved communities which do not use specialists.
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Rocha, Silvia Fernandes, and Eduardo Antonio Gomes Marques. "Three-dimensional modeling of steady-state flow in lake bank filtration – Brazil." Water Supply 19, no. 1 (March 9, 2018): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.052.
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Abstract Lake bank filtration (LBF) is an alternative technique of water catchment. LBF has been used by several countries for more than 100 years as pre-treatment for water supply and hydrogeological characterization studies. LBF studies are still recent and essentially focus on water quality with little or no hydrogeological approach. The benefits obtained through this technique were the reason for the implementation of a pilot project on LBF on the lake banks of the ‘lake’ at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) in the city of Viçosa (MG), southeastern Brazil. Several hydrogeological studies were carried out in this research. In this article, we highlight the study by means of three-dimensional modeling of steady-state flow to learn the characteristics of the aquifer and its interaction with the ‘lake’. The three-dimensional numerical model of steady-state flow was elaborated for interpretative and predictive purposes. The results demonstrated the potential of the LBF system and how it can be used as an alternative for the UFV campus. The exposed scenario can help groundwater management in the study area.
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Gleason Espíndola, José Arturo, Fernando Cordova, and Cesar Casiano Flores. "The importance of urban rainwater harvesting in circular economy: the case of Guadalajara city." Management Research Review 41, no. 5 (May 21, 2018): 533–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-02-2018-0064.
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Purpose This paper aims to associate two fields of research: circular economy and the restoration of water cycle through the implementation of rainwater catchment systems in urban zones. Design/methodology/approach This study considers the case of the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara, México. This urban concentration is the second largest in Mexico. It faces floods each year with a cost of over US$26m, while demand of water has a production cost over US$24m. At the same time, the aquifers are drying due to uncontrolled urbanization and increasing the impervious area over the recharge zones. In addition, rainwater is combined with wastewater, elevating the cost of the wastewater treatment because the amount and quality of water to treat exceeds the systems’ capacity. This situation causes floods and decreases the availability of ground water. These problems are reflected in the imbalance of parameters of water cycle and a new approach is needed. The circular economy model can help to preserve one of our most vital resources. Scarcity is already so pronounced that we cannot reach many of our desired economic, social and environmental goals. Technologies that help balance supply and demand can also help water (both stock and flow) to become part of a circular model. To prove this, the authors present a hypothetical scenario based on a pilot project and a basin modeling of Guadalajara, Mexico. Findings Through this paper, it is possible to demonstrate that rainwater harvesting can play an important role in circular economy. Using the rainwater catchment systems, the cost of damages caused by floods could be decreased, the demand of water could be reduced, cost of production can be reduced, the aquifers can be recharged and the wastewater treatments can be improved. Originality/value Few papers have been developed to associate two fields of research (circular economy and the restoration of water cycle), using rainwater catchment systems as the central element.
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Weyand, M. "Monitoring runoff conditions in a combined sewer system: experience and results of ten years' application." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0025.
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To get knowledge about the runoff, storage and combined sewer overflow (CSO) conditions since 1985 a measuring and monitoring system is working in the sewer network of the community Ense-Bremen (near Dortmund). Within this semi-urban catchment seven detention facilities are fitted out with devices for monitoring information about basin outflow, grade of volume and CSO. Since October 1986 the determined data are also used for the real-time control of that sewerage. Since its installation the monitoring system works rather satisfyingly. Especially the operating staff use its possibilities to get information about the actual condition of the sewer system. Thus, differences to the normal runoff conditions can be realised in very short time. That allows an immediate reaction in order to clear malfunctions or errors as well. However, within the ten years there have also occurred some failures at the measuring devices caused by different reasons up to a complete breakdown of the whole system during thunder-storms. All in all the results of that pilot project have been positive and are now the basis for the equipment of further detention facilities in other sewer systems with monitoring devices.
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Phumkokrux, Somkid, Nutthakarn Phumkokrux, Komsan Kiriwongwattana, Supharerk O-In, Akirat Abdulkade, Preeyaporn Muenratch, and Arisa Jirasirichote. "Development of gis and database program on website for concerned government office for environmental management under pes and biocarbon concepts." E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015806004.
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This study aims to develop GIS and database program for ecosystem services management, environmental management and policy planning for natural conservation in the representative areas under the Integrated Community-based Forest and Catchment Management through an Ecosystem Services Approach project (CBFCM) by using Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) and Biological storage of carbon (BioCarbon) concepts. At first, the concerned data were collected by brainstorming of the needs of GIS and database program with staffs from 4 pilot areas in Thailand: Mae Sa watershed area in Chiang Mai, Lam Sae Bai River Basin in Ubon Ratchathani, Tha Chin watershed area in Samut Sakhon and Phangan River Basin in Surat Thani. Then, the situations and variables which affect to natural resources were analysed. Secondly, GIS and database program were designed and developed. However, the program can be divided into 3 sub-programs for different proposes which are; (1) to enhance coordinated and follow-up performance of change of PES and Bio-carbon concept, (2) to increase communication and training for delegate areas to understand about PES and BioCarbon concept and (3) to collect and manage data and information for representative areas.
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Muhsin, Muhammad, Mahawan Karuniasa, and Herr Soeryantono. "Understanding Abundance of Litter on Urban Lake in Developing Country: a Systems-thinking Approach." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186801011.
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An abundance of litter on urban lake environment has been an issue for decades. This complex issue involves many stakeholders and also couples human socio-economic and natural-environment systems. Understanding the interrelationships among stakeholders and between those two systems is important as a first step for looking the solutions. This paper aims to present a systems-thinking approach to illustrate the relationships among key factors contributing to the issue. We examined Kenanga Lake located on Campus of Universitas Indonesia, Depok City, Indonesia and some part of its catchment area as a pilot project. By conducting field observation and previous literature review, we identified that campus management, municipal government, and citizen are three major stakeholders in the systems. The results showed that lake cleanness contributes to campus image, thus it gives feedback to the city’s economic and population growth. In another side, those growths combined with some socio-cultural aspects have a pathway to perpetuate this problem. The interrelationships among those factors are further illustrated by a conceptual diagram. Finally, this holistic approach diagram can be used to inspire the development of dynamic models for helping decision making.
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Guest, Dolores, Joseph Rodman, Karen Quezada, Alexandra Haigh, Michelle Thomas, Andrew Sussman, Krystle Zuniga, and Elizabeth Jimenez. "Evaluating Nutrition Services in Outpatient Cancer Centers in New Mexico – A Pilot Study Protocol." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab057_007.
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Abstract Objectives Nationally, 50% of all cancer patients experience malnutrition upon diagnosis or during the course of treatment. When registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) are involved in oncology treatment, outcomes improve, with a reduction in financial burden for the patient and health delivery system. Despite the high prevalence of outpatient treatment utilization (up to 90% of cancer patients), RDN understaffing is common in outpatient cancer treatment settings. The goal of this pilot project is to characterize and understand factors at the organizational level (e.g., policies and practices) and provider level (e.g., knowledge, attitudes, practices and needs) that affect implementation of nutrition standards of practice at outpatient oncology clinics in New Mexico (NM). Characterizing current nutrition resources in distinct regions across the state is crucial to the development of effective interventions to improve access to RDN nutrition care across NM. Methods We will conduct a comprehensive, 7-domain, nutrition-focused environmental scan of ∼15 treatment centers and surrounding areas. Data collected will include clinic catchment area information; patient and area census demographics; clinic screening and referral policies; clinic technical, financial, and personnel resources; and community nutrition resources. We will then conduct ∼50 semi-structured interviews of stakeholders, including administrators and medical and RDN providers, at ∼10 of these treatment facilities to contextualize the results of the environmental scan. Qualitative interviews will explore facilitators and barriers to provision of guideline concordant nutrition care. We will perform a case study analysis (both within-case and cross-case) of sites and examine the identified resources and gaps to care in each region and will note differences across settings (e.g., urban vs. rural centers). Results N/A. Conclusions This innovative, mixed-methods study will provide a context-driven inventory of nutrition processes, services, and resources at outpatient cancer treatment clinics in NM. These data will inform a tailored intervention to improve access to nutrition care for ambulatory oncology patients throughout NM. Funding Sources American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant; NCI Cancer Center Support Grant.
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Hussain, I., and M. Mc Loughlin. "Collaboration between general practice and community psychiatric service, evaluation of consultation-liaison model." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73432-0.
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BackgroundThere are many advantages to improve communication between primary care and Psychiatric services. In Ireland various models of liaison with primary care are still in early stages of experimentation in some parts. We devised a pilot project of consultation-liaison model in west of Ireland.MethodologyThere are 11 general practitioners working in the catchment area. All of them were given information and five agreed to participate. Based on random allocation two general practitioners were placed in experimental group. Three other general practitioners were allocated to control group. All patients from these surgeries were enrolled in study. In experimental group face to face meetings between psychiatrist and general practitioners were arranged before and after seeing patients in clinics. Feedback and exchange of information took place during these meetings. Meetings were arranged on monthly basis for six month starting in December 2009. While in the control group communication and referral was through usual method of writing letters.ResultsAssessment of data was based on comparison of outcome in two sets of patients and surgeries. We collected data regarding number of admissions, compliance with appointments, changes in medications, number of referrals to secondary care, number of discharges back to general practitioners. Results show quantitative benefits of collaborative model in the lines of more patients being discharged back to GP and less missed appointments. There was also trend of reduced admission rate but this was statistically not significant.
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TABRIZI, Jafar Sadegh, Majid KARAMOUZ, Homayoun SADEGHI-BAZARGANI, Alireza NIKNIAZ, Leila NIKNIAZ, Roya HASANZADEH, Jalal HANAEE, and Mostafa FARAHBAKHSH. "Health Complex Model as the Start of a New Primary Healthcare Reform in Iran: Part B: The Intervention Protocol." Iranian Journal of Public Health, May 7, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v48i1.803.
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Background: For overcoming the existing problems and finding a pathway for realization of universal health care, health complexes were implemented in the form of a pilot project in Tabriz suburban area.
Methods: Tabriz Health Complex Project was designed in 2013 in the provincial health center of East Azerbaijan. In terms of execution schedule, this intervention had 4 phases including 1) study phase, 2) planning phase, 3) pilot phase, and 4) implementation phase. Each health complex covers a population of 40,000 to 120,000 in a defined geographic area and consists of a Comprehensive Health Center (CHC) including health centers and a management center, which usually located in CHC. The important features of this project are as follows: people-centered primary health care, special attention to health promotion and prevention and establishment of a referral system within the region (organic connection between the first and second levels).
Results: An accountable and responsive health care system has been established to deliver integrated care services to people in a defined catchment area against identified per capita payment, under district health centre policies and regulations. Each health team consisted of a general practitioner and a family health nurse who covered around 4000 people to deliver prevention, promotion, and treatment services especially in and NCDs field.
Conclusion: Health complex as a model of public-private participation and practical solution to address many of the problems in the primary care system of the country. The project can organize the PHC system and family medicine program.
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Kenny, David, Clodagh Manning, Breige McNulty, Damian O'Kelly, and Frances Douglas. "Libro Healthy Towns - assessing availability of food information for a pilot public health initiative." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, OCE2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665120006503.
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AbstractIn Ireland SI 489/2014 mandates food businesses (FB) to present written allergen information on food and drink at the point of presentation or sale. Despite this requirement being in place since 2014, compliance is low. A 2017 audit published by the Food Safety Authority Ireland reported that corrective action was required by 88% of FB assessed.Calorie labeling, although not legally required, has strong consumer demand. Furthermore when FB implement calorie labeling, improvements to stock management resulted in reduced costs.This study aims to establish a baseline of available information to evaluate the progress of the public health initiative “Libro Healthy Towns”: a pilot project aimed at supporting FB to provide food information to consumers.A catchment area was established to identify FB for inclusion. FB were categorised by business type: Multi-site (MB) or Independent site (IB), and service type: Restaurant/Café (RC), Restaurant/Takeaway (RT), Hotel, Pub/Restaurant and Takeaway. Availability of allergen and calorie information were collected by observing and photographing food information on display. Where information was not observable, it was requested. Employees were asked if consumers requested calorie information. Responses were recorded for input into a spreadsheet. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (ver. 24). Results were assessed using Chi-Square and Likelihood Ratio.In total 54 FB were assessed (31 = MB, 23 = IB), 63% had allergen information displayed and 31% had it available on request. There was no statistically significant difference between business type and allergen information being available on display or by request. Three businesses (6%) had no allergen information available; 100% of these were IB. MB were significantly more likely to have allergen information available (100%) compared with IB (87%) (p-value = .021). Calorie information was available for 24% (n = 13) of FB, of which significantly more (92%) were MB (p-value = .003). Calorie information was requested in 56% of FB, most frequently requested in RC and RT, 62% and 55% respectively. Significantly more MB reported that consumers requested calorie information compared with IB, 77% and 26% respectively (p-value = < .001).Only half of businesses displayed allergen information in writing at the point of presentation or sale. Consumer interest in calorie information was strong, supporting previous research showing consumers want to make informed food choices. Access to food information was easier in MB however this study shows that measures to improve the availability of food information are necessary across all business types.
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Sudarmadji, S. "Comparison of Stream Characteristics of Forested Subwatershed and Deforested Watershed in Mangunan Area, DIY." Forum Geografi 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v5i1.392.
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Land use changes from forested into unforest catchment result negative effects to the environment, including to the hydrological and soil condition of the area. To improve the hydrological and soil conditions serious attemps are required, and they take a long period to realize. The Mangunan Girirejo area (which is located in the Bantul regency, Yogyakarta Special Province) is one of pilot projects managed by the Gadjah Mada University. Among it’s activities the project tried to improve critical land by reforesting the area with some kinds of plant. From the hydrological points of view this attemps should be evaluated, by comparing runoff from two adjacent catchments having similar conditions expect those on the land use. One of them is forested catchment, while the other is unforest catchment. The study was conducted in the Mangunan Girirejo area using two small subcatchments. The forested subccatchment used for the study having an area 2.225 hectares. The forested subcatchment in now mostly covered by the pinus mercusii, acacia auliculiformis and malaleuca leucacendra, while the unforested subcatchment is used for the dry field ultivation, and dominantly casava, beam, and corn were planted in the subcatchment. About three month was needed for observing hydrological parameters (from January to March 1993). During the research some hydrological component such as rainfall, overlandflow, seepages, and runoff were observed. Rainfall in the study area generally having less than 100 mm depth, falling in shorter than 4 hours duration. As an input in the hydrological system of the subcatchment, the rainfall did not always result runoff. In the forested subcatchment rainfall did not always result runoff. In the forested subcatchment rainfall higher than 10 mm depth result runoff, while in the unforested subcatchment the 5 mm rainfall is concidered as minimum rainfall to result runoff. The runoff hydrolographs of the two subcatchment having different characteristics. Although they have quick rise, the time of rise in the unforested subcatchment is shorter that those to the forested subcatchment. The hydrographs of the forested subcatchment have lower peaks than the unforested subcatchment, however the time base of hydrographs in the unforested subcatchment are longer. Chemical substances those which dominated the rock forming minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, and SiO2) significantly increased from rainfall to runoff. The highest concentration found in the surface runoffand seepages. However if the one compared the concentration of the chemicals in the water originated from forestsed and underforested watershed he may say that the concentration of the chemical in water from unforested subcatchment is generaly higher than those from the forested subcatchment is generaly higher than those from the forested subcatchment. Runoff draining from unforested subcatchment having a higher SO4 and PO4 concentration sompared to those originated from forested subcatchment. The high concentration of the substances may bee caused by use of fertilizer by farmers in the unforested subcatchment.
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Austad, Kirsten, Michel Juarez, Hannah Shryer, Patricia L. Hibberd, Mari-Lynn Drainoni, Peter Rohloff, and Anita Chary. "Improving the experience of facility-based delivery for vulnerable women through obstetric care navigation: a qualitative evaluation." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 21, no. 1 (June 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03842-1.
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Abstract Background Global disparities in maternal mortality could be reduced by universal facility delivery. Yet, deficiencies in the quality of care prevent some mothers from seeking facility-based obstetric care. Obstetric care navigators (OCNs) are a new form of lay health workers that combine elements of continuous labor support and care navigation to promote obstetric referrals. Here we report qualitative results from the pilot OCN project implemented in Indigenous villages in the Guatemalan central highlands. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 mothers who received OCN accompaniment and 13 staff—namely physicians, nurses, and social workers—of the main public hospital in the pilot’s catchment area (Chimaltenango). Interviews queried OCN’s impact on patient and hospital staff experience and understanding of intended OCN roles. Audiorecorded interviews were transcribed, coded, and underwent content analysis. Results Maternal fear of surgical intervention, disrespectful and abusive treatment, and linguistic barriers were principal deterrents of care seeking. Physicians and nurses reported cultural barriers, opposition from family, and inadequate hospital resources as challenges to providing care to Indigenous mothers. Patient and hospital staff identified four valuable services offered by OCNs: emotional support, patient advocacy, facilitation of patient-provider communication, and care coordination. While patients and most physicians felt that OCNs had an overwhelmingly positive impact, nurses felt their effort would be better directed toward traditional nursing tasks. Conclusions Many barriers to maternity care exist for Indigenous mothers in Guatemala. OCNs can improve mothers’ experiences in public hospitals and reduce limitations faced by providers. However, broader buy-in from hospital staff—especially nurses—appears critical to program success. Future research should focus on measuring the impact of obstetric care navigation on key clinical outcomes (cesarean delivery) and mothers’ future care seeking behavior.