Journal articles: 'MBBR'

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Leyva-Díaz, J. C., and J. M. Poyatos. "Start-up of membrane bioreactor and hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor: kinetic study." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 11 (August 8, 2015): 1948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.419.

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A hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBR) system was studied as an alternative solution to conventional activated sludge processes and membrane bioreactors. This paper shows the results obtained from three laboratory-scale wastewater treatment plants working in parallel in the start-up and steady states. The first wastewater treatment plant was a MBR, the second one was a hybrid MBBR-MBR system containing carriers both in anoxic and aerobic zones of the bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBRa), and the last one was a hybrid MBBR-MBR system which contained carriers only in the aerobic zone (hybrid MBBR-MBRb). The reactors operated with a hydraulic retention time of 30.40 h. A kinetic study for characterizing heterotrophic biomass was carried out and organic matter and nutrients removals were evaluated. The heterotrophic biomass of the hybrid MBBR-MBRb showed the best kinetic performance in the steady state, with yield coefficient for heterotrophic biomass = 0.30246 mg volatile suspended solids per mg chemical oxygen demand, maximum specific growth rate for heterotrophic biomass = 0.00308 h−1 and half-saturation coefficient for organic matter = 3.54908 mg O2 L−1. The removal of organic matter was supported by the kinetic study of heterotrophic biomass.

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Shin, D. H., W. S. Shin, Y. H. Kim, Myung Ho Han, and S. J. Choi. "Application of a combined process of moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and chemical coagulation for dyeing wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 9 (November 1, 2006): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.863.

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A combined process consisted of a Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and chemical coagulation was investigated for textile wastewater treatment. The pilot scale MBBR system is composed of three MBBRs (anaerobic, aerobic-1 and aerobic-2 in series), each reactor was filled with 20% (v/v) of polyurethane-activated carbon (PU-AC) carrier for biological treatment followed by chemical coagulation with FeCl2.In the MBBR process, 85% of COD and 70% of color (influent COD=807.5 mg/L and color=3,400 PtCo unit) were removed using relatively low MLSS concentration and short hydraulic retention time (HRT=44 hr). The biologically treated dyeing wastewater was subjected to chemical coagulation. After coagulation with FeCl2, 95% of COD and 97% of color were removed overall. The combined process of MBBR and chemical coagulation has promising potential for dyeing wastewater treatment.

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Piculell, Maria, Thomas Welander, and Karin Jönsson. "Organic removal activity in biofilm and suspended biomass fractions of MBBR systems." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 1 (October 25, 2013): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.552.

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The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) wastewater treatment process is usually designed based on the assumption that all activity in the process occurs in the biofilm on the MBBR carriers, although there is always some active biomass in the bulk liquid due to biofilm sloughing and, sometimes, free-growing bacteria. In this study the removal of organic matter is evaluated in laboratory-scale MBBR reactors under varying load, hydraulic retention time (HRT), oxygen concentration and volumetric filling degree of carriers in order to determine the heterotrophic activity in the different fractions of the MBBR biomass. The results showed that the heterotrophic conversions in an MBBR can show the same type of diffusion limited dependency on oxygen as nitrification, even for easily degradable substrates such as acetate. The contribution to the removal from the suspended biomass is shown to vary depending on HRT, as the amount of suspended solids changes. The developed method in this report is a useful tool for determining heterotrophic activity in the separate fractions of biomass in MBBRs.

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Melin, E., T. Leiknes, H. Helness, V. Rasmussen, and H. Ødegaard. "Effect of organic loading rate on a wastewater treatment process combining moving bed biofilm and membrane reactors." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 6-7 (March 1, 2005): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0664.

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The effect of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) loading rate on membrane fouling rate was studied in two parallel units combining MBBR and membrane reactor. Hollow fiber membranes with molecular weight cut-off of 30 kD were used. The HRTs of the MBBRs varied from 45 min to 4 h and the COD loading rates ranged from 4.1 to 26.6 g COD m−2 d−1. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was very sensitive to fluxes for the used membranes and the experiments were carried out at relatively low fluxes (3.3–5.6 l m−2 h−1). Beside the test with the highest flux, there were no consistent differences in fouling rate between the low- and high-rate reactors. Also, the removal efficiencies were quite similar in both systems. The average COD removal efficiencies in the total process were 87% at 3–4 h HRT and 83% at 0.75–1 h HRT. At high loading rates, there was a shift in particle size distribution towards smaller particles in the MBBR effluents. However, 79–81% of the COD was in particles that were separated by membranes, explaining the relatively small differences in the removal efficiencies at different loading rates. The COD fractionation also indicated that the choice of membrane pore size within the range of 30 kD to 0.1 μm has very small effect on the COD removal in the MBBR/membrane process, especially with low-rate MBBRs.

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Sohail, Noman, Sadia Ahmed, Shinho Chung, and Muhammad Saqib Nawaz. "Performance comparison of three different reactors (MBBR, MBR and MBBMR) for municipal wastewater treatment." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 174 (2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.24866.

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Banti, Dimitra C., Petros Samaras, Eleni Kostopoulou, Vassiliki Tsioni, and Themistoklis Sfetsas. "Improvement of MBBR-MBR Performance by the Addition of Commercial and 3D-Printed Biocarriers." Membranes 13, no. 8 (July 25, 2023): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080690.

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Moving bed biofilm reactor combined with membrane bioreactor (MBBR-MBR) constitute a highly effective wastewater treatment technology. The aim of this research work was to study the effect of commercial K1 biocarriers (MBBR-MBR K1 unit) and 3D-printed biocarriers fabricated from 13X and Halloysite (MBBR-MBR 13X-H unit), on the efficiency and the fouling rate of an MBBR-MBR unit during wastewater treatment. Various physicochemical parameters and trans-membrane pressure were measured. It was observed that in the MBBR-MBR K1 unit, membrane filtration improved reaching total membrane fouling at 43d, while in the MBBR-MBR 13X-H and in the control MBBR-MBR total fouling took place at about 32d. This is attributed to the large production of soluble microbial products (SMP) in the MBBR-MBR 13X-H, which resulted from a large amount of biofilm created in the 13X-H biocarriers. An optimal biodegradation of the organic load was concluded, and nitrification and denitrification processes were improved at the MBBR-MBR K1 and MBBR-MBR 13X-H units. The dry mass produced on the 13X-H biocarriers ranged at 4980–5711 mg, three orders of magnitude larger than that produced on the K1, which ranged at 2.9–4.6 mg. Finally, it was observed that mostly extracellular polymeric substances were produced in the biofilm of K1 biocarriers while in 13X-H mostly SMP.

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Wilkinson, Daniel B., Katie L. Jones, Angela J. Walsh, and Laura R. Crisman. "Evaluation of PEG Biodegradability Using MBR and MBBR." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 12 (January 1, 2012): 3936–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811708662.

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Banti, Dimitra C., Petros Samaras, Afroditi G. Chioti, Anastasios Mitsopoulos, Michail Tsangas, Antonis Zorpas, and Themistoklis Sfetsas. "Improvement of MBBR Performance by the Addition of 3D-Printed Biocarriers Fabricated with 13X and Bentonite." Resources 12, no. 7 (July 10, 2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12070081.

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The current study investigated the performance of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), when adding 3D-printed biocarriers fabricated with 13X and bentonite (MBBR 3D), when using K1 commercial biocarriers (MBBR K1) and when not adding biocarriers at all (control MBBR). For the evaluation of the MBBR efficiency, various physicochemical parameters were measured, while biofilm extracted from the biocarriers was evaluated. The findings suggest that there is an optimal biodegradation of the organic load in all MBBR units. The nitrification and denitrification processes were improved in MBBR 3D as compared to the control MBBR and MBBR K1. The dry mass of the biofilm in the 3D-printed biocarriers was two orders of magnitude larger than in the K1 biocarriers. Moreover, in the K1 biocarriers the mass of the biofilm varied in relation to time, since it could not be protected inside the holes, something that did not happen with the 3D-printed biocarriers. Finally, it was found, mostly in MBBR 3D and less in MBBR K1, that the growth of nitrifying bacteria and heterotrophs inside the units increased the biomass production in the form of soluble microbial products, which in turn favored the adhesion of biomass on the surface of biocarriers.

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Rusten, B., B. G. Hellström, F. Hellström, O. Sehested, E. Skjelfoss, and B. Svendsen. "Pilot testing and preliminary design of moving bed biofilm reactors for nitrogen removal at the FREVAR wastewater treatment plant." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 4-5 (February 1, 2000): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0419.

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A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) pilot plant, using Kaldnes type K1 biofilm carriers, was tested for nitrogen removal at the FREVAR wastewater treatment plant. The pilot plant was fed primary treated municipal wastewater, at temperatures from 4.8 to about 20°C. The results showed that a reasonable design nitrification rate will be 190 g TKN/m3d, at 10°C and a reactor pH≥7.0. Pre-denitrification was very dependent on the concentration of readily biodegradable organic matter and the amount of oxygen in the influent to the first anoxic MBBR. It was found that a MBBR process for nitrogen removal at FREVAR will require a total reactor volume corresponding to an empty bed hydraulic retention time of 4–5 hours at average design influent flow. This was based on an influent concentration of 25 mg total N/l, 70% annual average removal of total N and a treatment process consisting of primary treatment, MBBRs with combined pre- and post-denitrification, and followed by coagulation/flocculation and a final solids separation stage.

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Kängsepp, P., M. Sjölin, A. G. Mutlu, B. Teil, and C. Pellicer-Nàcher. "First full-scale combined MBBR, coagulation, flocculation, Discfilter plant with phosphorus removal in France." Water Practice and Technology 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.081.

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Abstract The suspended solids (SS) concentrations in effluent from moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) used for secondary biological treatment can be up to 500 mg/L. Microscreens (Drumfilters or Discfilters) can be used as alternatives to traditional clarification or dissolved air flotation to remove SS and total phosphorus (TP). This study shows how a small-scale municipal WWTP for 5,700 population equivalent (PE) can be upgraded to 12,000 PE by combining MBBR with coagulation-flocculation tanks and a Discfilter with a total footprint of 160 m2. This long-term investigation demonstrated that even though influent turbidity (range 146–431 NTU) and flow (25–125 m3/h) varied considerably, very low effluent turbidities (below 10 NTU) could be achieved continuously. Furthermore, this compact treatment system can provide average reductions of ammonium (NH4-N) from 19 to 0.04 mg/L, COD from 290 to 10 mg/L, and TP from 4.5 to 0.3 mg/L. The results show that effluent requirements can be reached by combining MBBR, coagulation-flocculation and disc filtration at full scale, without a primary clarifier upstream of MBBR.

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Sandip, Magdum, and V. Kalyanraman. "Enhanced simultaneous nitri-denitrification in aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor containing polyurethane foam-based carrier media." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.077.

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Abstract Fluidization of carrier media for biofilm support and growth defines the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process. Major MBBR facilities apply virgin polyethylene (PE)-based circular plastic carrier media. Various carriers were studied to replace these conventional carriers, but polyurethane (PU) foam-based carrier media has not been much explored. This study evaluates the potential of PU foam carrier media in aerobic MBBR process for simultaneous nitri-denitrification (SND). Two parallel reactors loaded with conventional PE plastic (circular) and PU foam (cubical) carriers compared for their removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen contaminants from wastewater. Results indicate that average COD removal in MBBR containing PE plastic carrier media was 81%, compared to 83% in MBBR containing PU foam. Average ammonical and total nitrogen reduction was 71% and 59% for PU foam-based MBBR, compared to 60% and 42% for PE plastic-based MBBR. SND-based nitrogen removal capacity was doubled in aerobic MBBR filled with PU foam carrier media (27%), than MBBR containing PE plastic carrier media (13%). Cost economics also governs the commercial advantage for the application of PU foam-based carrier media in the MBBR process.

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Mohd Sidek, Lariyah, Hairun Aishah Mohiyaden, Hidayah Basri, Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih, Ahmad Hussein Birima, Zuraidah Ali, Ahmad Fauzan Mohd Sabri, and Md Nasir Md. Noh. "Experimental Comparison between Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) for River Purification Treatment Plant." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 806–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.806.

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Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) systems have been proven as an effective technology for water treatment and have been used for Biochemical Oxygen Demand/Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD/COD-removal), as well as for nitrification and denitrification in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS), in particular, has been extensively used in wastewater treatment since decades ago. In this study, physical performance results for both MBBR and CAS were compared and evaluated on laboratory scale basis. The study aims to identify the best system performance in terms of constituent removal efficiency for effective management of the river purification plant. A novel parallel MBBR and CAS pilot plant were fabricated and operated to compare the physical performance of MBBR and CAS. Analysis of the performances for MBBR and CAS show, MBBR has higher COD (85%), AN (75%) and TSS (80%) removal rate compared to CAS COD (53%), AN (53%) and TSS (69%). For BOD removal rate, CAS shows 68% removal rate whereas MBBR shows only 65%. Thus CAS has shown slightly higher removal rate than MBBR. In terms of sludge production, MBBR sludge is less than CAS. Overall performance proves that MBBR has better rate of constituent removal efficiency compared to CAS in the laboratory basis study.

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Andreottola, G., P. Foladori, M. Ragazzi, and F. Tatàno. "Experimental comparison between MBBR and activated sludge system for the treatment of municipal wastewater." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 4-5 (February 1, 2000): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0469.

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The aim of the described experimentation was the comparison of a low cost MBBR and an activated sludge system (AS). The MBBR applied system consists of the FLOCOR-RMP® plastic media with a specific surface area of about 160 m2/m3 (internal surface only). The comparison with activated sludge (AS) was performed by two parallel treatment lines. Organic substance removal and nitrification were investigated over a 1-year period. Comparing the results obtained with the two lines, it can be observed AS totCOD removal efficiencies were higher than MBBR ones; the average efficiencies for totCOD removal were 76% for MBBR and 84% for AS. On the contrary, the solCOD removals resulted alike (71% for both systems). In spite of the remarkable variations of wastewater temperature, mainly in winter (range of 5–21°C), the average ammonium removal efficiency resulted 92% for MBBR and 98% for AS. With an ammonium loads up to 1.0 g m2 d−1 (up to 0.12 kg m−3 d−1), nitrification efficiencies in MBBR were more than 98%. At higher loads decrease in the MBBR efficiency was registered; that is related to the increase in the applied COD load.

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Vendramel, S. M. R., A. Justo, O. González, C. Sans, and S. Esplugas. "Reverse osmosis concentrate treatment by chemical oxidation and moving bed biofilm processes." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 11 (October 25, 2013): 2421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.510.

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In the present work, four oxidation techniques were investigated (O3, O3/UV, H2O2/O3, O3/H2O2/UV) to pre-treat reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate before treatment in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system. Without previous oxidation, the MBBR was able to remove a small fraction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) (5–20%) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (2–15%). When the concentrate was previously submitted to oxidation, DOC removal efficiencies in the MBBR increased to 40–55%. All the tested oxidation techniques improved concentrate biodegradability. The concentrate treated by the combined process (oxidation and MBBR) presented residual DOC and COD in the ranges of 6–12 and 25–41 mg L−1, respectively. Nitrification of the RO concentrate, pre-treated by oxidation, was observed in the MBBR. Ammonium removal was comprised between 54 and 79%. The results indicate that the MBBR was effective for the treatment of the RO concentrate, previously submitted to oxidation, generating water with an improved quality.

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Hvala, N., D. Vrečko, O. Burica, M. Strazžar, and M. Levstek. "Simulation study supporting wastewater treatment plant upgrading." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2002): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0617.

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The paper presents a study where upgrading of an existing wastewater treatment plant was supported by simulation. The aim of the work was to decide between two technologies to improve nitrogen removal: a conventional activated sludge process (ASP) and a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). To perform simulations, the mathematical models of both processes were designed. The models were calibrated based on data from ASP and MBBR pilot plants operating in parallel on the existing plant. Only two kinetic parameters needed to be adjusted to represent the real plant behaviour. Steady-state analyses have shown a similar efficiency of both processes in relation to carbon removal, but improved performance of MBBR in relation to nitrogen removal. Better performance of MBBR can be expected especially at low temperatures. Simulations have not confirmed the expected less volume required for the MBBR process. Finally, the MBBR was chosen for plant upgrading. The developed process model will be further used to evaluate the final plant configuration and to optimise the plant operating parameters.

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Dewa, Dewa Gede Arya Sekar Laksana, and Yayok Suryo Purnomo. "PENURUNAN BOD, TSS DAN TOTAL N MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME INDIGEN LIMBAH CAIR TAHU DENGAN PROSES MBBR." EnviroUS 1, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/envirous.v1i2.41.

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Industri tahu merupakan usaha yang didirikan untuk pengembangan kegiatan di bidang bagian pangan yang menghasilkan limbah cair yang dapat menimbulkan pencemaran sehingga merusak lingkungan. Salah satu pengolahan biologis yang bisa digunakan yaitu Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme indigen pada limbah cair tahu. Proses MBBR pada prinsipnya adalah proses lumpur aktif yang di kembangakan dengan penambahan media yang bergerak dan aerasi pada reaktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja MBBR dalam menurunkan kandungan BOD, TSS dan Total N pada air limbah cair tahu. Media yang digunakan adalah media spoon. Variasi debit udara yang digunakan yaitu 3, 3.5, 6, 7 dan 9 L/min. Variasi selanjutnya adalah waktu sampling yang dimulai dari 0, 6, 8, 12 dan 16 jam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kemampuan MBBR dan mikroorganisme indigen paling optimum yaitu pada pada variasi debit udara 3.5 L/min pada waktu sampling 16 jam. Reaktor MBBR mampu menurunkan BOD sebesar 85%, TSS sebesar 91% dan Total N sebesar 83.2%. Kata kunci: Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), Limbah Cair Tahu

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Choi, H. J., A. H. Lee, and S. M. Lee. "Comparison between a moving bed bioreactor and a fixed bed bioreactor for biological phosphate removal and denitrification." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 10 (May 1, 2012): 1834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.847.

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Moving bed bioreactors (MBBR) and fixed bed bioreactors (FBBR) were compared for biological phosphorus removal and denitrification. The sorption denitrification P-elimination (S-DN-P) process was selected for this study. Results indicated that all nutrients were removed by the FBBR process compared with the MBBR process: 19.8% (total COD), 35.5% (filtered COD), 27.6% (BOD5), 62.2% (acetate), 78.5% (PO4-P), and 54.2% (NO3-N) in MBBR; 49.7% (total COD), 54.0% (filtered COD), 63.2% (BOD5), 99.6% (acetate), 98.6% (PO4-P), and 75.9% (NO3-N) in FBBR. The phosphate uptake and NO3-N decomposition in the FBBR process during the denitrification phase were much higher than for the MBBR process despite being of shorter duration. Results obtained from this study are helpful in elucidating the practical implications of using MBBR and FBBR for the removal of bio-P and denitrification from wastewater.

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Alisa, Nadhira, and Yayok Suryo Purnomo. "PENURUNAN KANDUNGAN POLUTAN PADA AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI TEMPE MENGGUNAKAN MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR)." EnviroUS 1, no. 1 (August 29, 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/envirous.v1i1.9.

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Saat ini usaha home industry tempe sedang berkembang. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari industri tempe akan menjadi suatu permasalahan bagi lingkungan. Pengolahan air limbah industri tempe dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengolahan biologis karena dapat menurunkan kandungan organik pada air limbah. Salah satu pengolahan biologis yang dapat digunakan yaitu proses Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). Proses MBBR pada prinsipnya adalah proses lumpur aktif yang ditingkatkan dengan adanya penambahan media yang bergerak dan aerasi pada reaktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja MBBR dalam menurunkan kandungan COD, BOD5, TSS, NH3, dan PO4 pada air limbah tempe. Media yang digunakan adalah Kaldnes K1 dengan variasi jumlah media yaitu tanpa media (0%), 20%, dan 40%. Variasi selanjutnya adalah aerator yaitu aerator gelembung kasar dan aerator gelembung halus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan MBBR paling optimum pada variasi media 40% dan aerator gelembung halus di waktu sampling 8 jam. Reaktor MBBR mampu menurunkan COD sebesar 87.89%, BOD5 sebesar 86.91%, TSS sebesar 85.63%, NH3 sebesar 87.98%, dan PO4 sebesar 82.93%.

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Rusten, Bjørn, Odd Kolkinn, and Hallvard Ødegaard. "Moving bed biofilm reactors and chemical precipitation for high efficiency treatment of wastewater from small communities." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 6 (March 1, 1997): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0245.

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A new Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) has been developed, where the biomass is attached to small plastic elements that move freely along with the water in the reactors. Several small biological/chemical wastewater treatment plants are now using the MBBR process. Official control samples have shown that these plants are very reliable. The average effluent concentrations from the plants surveyed, three retrofits and two originally designed with the MBBR process, were as low as 11 mg BOD7/l (∼9 mg BOD5/l), 11 mg SS/l and 0.26 mg total P/l. Approximately 2 man hours per week were needed for operation of a plant originally designed with the MBBR process.

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Andreottola, G., P. Foladori, and M. Ragazzi. "Upgrading of a small wastewater treatment plant in a cold climate region using a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0027.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a full-scale upgrading of an existing RBC wastewater treatment plant with a MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) system, installed in a tank previously used for sludge aerobic digestion. The full-scale plant is located in a mountain resort in the North-East of Italy. Due to the fact that the people varied during the year's seasons (2000 resident people and 2000 tourists) the RBC system was insufficient to meet the effluent standards. The MBBR applied system consists of the FLOCOR-RMP®plastic media with a specific surface area of about 160 m2/m3 (internal surface only). Nitrogen and carbon removal from wastewater was investigated over a 1-year period, with two different plant lay-outs: one-stage (only MBBR) and two stage system (MBBR and rotating biological contactors in series). The systems have been operated at low temperature (5–15°C). 50% of the MBBR volume (V=79 m3) was filled. The organic and ammonium loads were in the average 7.9 gCOD m−2 d−1 and 0.9 g NH4−N m−2 d−1. Typical carbon and nitrogen removals in MBBR at temperature lower than 8°C were respectively 73% and 72%.

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Li, Xian, Yale Deng, Xueying Li, Xiaona Ma, Jinxia Wang, and Jun Li. "Integration of Marine Macroalgae (Chaetomorpha maxima) with a Moving Bed Bioreactor for Nutrient Removal from Maricultural Wastewater." Archaea 2020 (June 23, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8848120.

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Rather than direct nutrient removal from wastewaters, an alternative approach aimed at nutrient recovery from aquacultural wastewaters could enable sustainable management for aquaculture production. This study demonstrated the feasibility of cultivating marine macroalgae (Chaetomorpha maxima) with a moving bed bioreactor (MBBR-MA), to remove nitrogen and phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater as well as to produce macroalgae biomass. MBBR-MA significantly increased the simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate in comparison with only MBBR, resulting in an average total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency of 42.8±5.5% and 83.7±7.7%, respectively, in MBBR-MA while MBBR had no capacity for TN and TP removal. No chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was detected in both reactors. Phosphorus could be a limiting factor for nitrogen uptake when N : P ratio increased. The recovered nitrogen and phosphorus resulted in a specific growth rate of 3.86%–10.35%/day for C. maxima with an uptake N : P ratio of 6. The presence of macroalgae changed the microbial community in both the biofilter and water by decreasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae and increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes. These findings indicate that the integration of the macroalgae C. maxima with MBBR could represent an effective wastewater treatment option, especially for marine recirculating aquaculture systems.

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Trapani, Daniele Di, Giorgio Mannina, Michele Torregrossa, and Gaspare Viviani. "Quantification of kinetic parameters for heterotrophic bacteria via respirometry in a hybrid reactor." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 7 (April 1, 2010): 1757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.970.

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Over the last decade new technologies are emerging even more for wastewater treatment. Among the new technologies, a recent possible solution regards Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) that represent an effective alternative to conventional processes. More specifically such systems consist in the introduction of plastic elements inside the aerobic reactor as carrier material for the growth of attached biomass. Recently, one of the mostly used alternatives is to couple the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process with the conventional activated sludge process, and the resulting process is usually called HMBBR (Hybrid MBBR). In the MBBR process the biofilm grows attached on small plastic elements that are kept in constant motion throughout the entire volume of the reactor. Indeed, in such a system, a competition between the two biomasses, suspended and attached, can arise for the availability of the substrates, leading, as a consequence, to a modification in the biokinetic parameters of the two biomasses, compared to that of a pure suspended or attached biomass process. This paper presents the first results of a study aimed at estimating the kinetic heterotrophic constants in a HMBBR pilot plant using respirometric techniques. The pilot plant was built at the Acqua dei Corsari (Palermo) wastewater treatment plant and consisted of two parallel lines realized in a pre-anoxic scheme, in one of which the carrier material was added to the aerobic reactor with a filling ratio of 30%.

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Zucker, Marjorie B., and Evelyn A. Mauss. "Modification of Platelet Functions by Monobromobimane, a Fluorescent Thiol Group Label." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 55, no. 02 (1986): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661527.

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SummaryMonobromobimane (mBBr, bimane), a compound that penetrates cells and forms a fluorescent adduct with thiol groups, was used to assess the significance of thiols in platelet function. Exposure of washed platelets for 1 min to 100 μM mBBr abolished ADP-induced aggregation; shape change was not inhibited by 500 μM mBBr. The nonpenetrating compound monobromotrimethylammoniobimane was ineffective. Established ADP-induced aggregation was reversed by bimane, and fibrinogen binding to ADP-stimulated platelets was inhibited, an effect mainly due to decreased number of binding sites. Aggregation stimulated by A23187 and arachidonate was less effectively inhibited whereas epinephrine- and collagen-induced aggregation were abolished by 50 μM mBBr. Similar effects on aggregation and secretion were observed in platelet-rich plasma except that higher mBBr concentrations were usually necessary. Aggregation and 14C-serotonin secretion stimulated by 0.1 U/ml thrombin were partially inhibited by pretreatment with bimane. With lower thrombin concentrations, they were often enhanced, as was 3H-arachidonate release. Bimane inhibited epinephrine-induced arachidonate release in gel-filtered platelets, possibly because it abolished the primary aggregation necessary for this release. mBBr did not elevate cyclic AMP but enhanced the increase induced by PGEi and prevented the subsequent decrease typically caused by ADP. Examination of SDS polyacrylamide gels with ultraviolet light showed that mBBr reacted with many platelet proteins but not with GP lib or Ilia. This observation, and the fact that bimane did not inhibit the fibrinogen-induced aggregation of DTT- or chymotrypsin-treated platelets suggest that it reacts with thiol group(s) that are involved in “exposing” the fibrinogen receptor.

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Ødegaard, Hallvard. "Innovations in wastewater treatment: –the moving bed biofilm process." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 9 (April 1, 2006): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.284.

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This paper describes the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and presents applications of wastewater treatment processes in which this reactor is used. The MBBR processes have been extensively used for BOD/COD-removal, as well as for nitrification and denitrification in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. This paper focuses on the municipal applications. The most frequent process combinations are presented and discussed. Basic design data obtained through research, as well as data from practical operation of various plants, are presented. It is demonstrated that the MBBR may be used in an extremely compact high-rate process (<1 h total HRT) for secondary treatment. Most European plants require P-removal and performance data from plants combining MBBR and chemical precipitation is presented. Likewise, data from plants in Italy and Switzerland that are implementing nitrification in addition to secondary treatment are presented. The results from three Norwegian plants that are using the so-called combined denitrification MBBR process are discussed. Nitrification rates as high as 1.2 g NH4-N/m2 d at complete nitrification were demonstrated in practical operation at low temperatures (11 °C), while denitrification rates were as high as 3.5 g NO3-Nequiv./m2.d. Depending on the extent of pretreatment, the total HRT of the MBBR for N-removal will be in the range of 3 to 5 h.

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Aniriani, Gading Wilda, Marsha Savira Agatha Putri, and Trisnawati Nengseh. "Efektivitas Penambahan Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Terhadap Kualitas Air Limbah di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Universitas Islam Lamongan." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.v22i1.35562.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan MBBR terhadap kualitas air limbah domestik Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) komunal di Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Universitas Islam Lamongan (Ponpesma Unisla). Sejak dibangunnya IPAL komunal belum pernah dilakukan pengujian kualitas air hasil olahan IPAL. Air hasil olahan IPAL tersebut dialirkan lansung pada irigasi pertanian, sehingga kualitas air limbah harus memenuhi standar baku mutu PermenLHK No.P68 Tahun 2016 agar aman dibuang pada lingkungan. Diharapkan penambahan MBBR dapat menurunkan kadar polutan yang ada pada air limbah sehingga aman ketika dibuang pada lingkungan. Data yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini dideskripsikan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dan eksperimental dengan mendesain alat reaktor uji untuk MBBR bekerja untuk menurunkan kadar polutan yang ada pada air hasil olahan IPAL Pondok Pesantren Mahasiswa Universitas Islam Lamongan. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam pengujian parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi, MBBR dapat menurunkan kadar TSS, COD, BOD dan amonia berturut-turut sebesar 73.57%, 35.50%, 61.75% dan 29.10%. Sedangkan parameter yang mengalami kenaikan yaitu parameter pH kemudian minyak dan lemak sebesar 10.44%, 19.14%. Indeks MPN pada pengujian total coliform berjumlah 8/100 mL. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa MBBR hanya dapat menurunkan kadar TSS, COD, BOD dan amonia. persentase penurunan yang paling tinggi terdapat pada parameter BOD dan yang paling rendah amonia.Kata kunci: Instalasi pengolahan air limbah; moving bed biofilm reactor; kualitas airThe Addition Efectivity of MBBR on Wastewater Treatment Plant Water Quality Islamic Boarding School Students of Lamongan UniversityABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of the addition of MBBR on the quality of communal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) domestic wastewater at the Lamongan Islamic Student Islamic Boarding School, the treated water from the WWTP is channeled directly to agricultural irrigation, so that the quality of wastewater must meet the quality standards of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P68 of 2016 in order to be safely disposed of. on the environment. is expected that the addition of MBBR can reduce the levels of pollutants in wastewater so that it is safe when disposed of in the environment. The data generated in this study were described using descriptive analytical and experimental methods by designing a test reactor. The results obtained in physical, chemical and biological tests based on the parameters tested by MBBR can reduce the levels of TSS, COD, BOD, Ammonia by 73.57%, 35.50%, 61.75%, 29.10%. While the parameters that have increased are the pH parameters then oil and fat by 10.44%, 19.14%. MPN index in total coliform testing is 8/100 mL. MBBR can only reduce levels of TSS, COD, BOD and ammonia.Keywords: Moving bed biofilm reactor; wastewater treatment plant; water quality

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26

Kaindl, Nikolaus. "Upgrading of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant by adding a moving bed biofilm reactor as pre-treatment and ozonation followed by biofiltration for enhanced COD reduction: design and operation experience." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 11 (December 1, 2010): 2710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.938.

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A paper mill producing 500,000 ton of graphic paper annually has an onsite wastewater treatment plant that treats 7,240,000 m3 of wastewater per year, mechanically first, then biologically and at last by ozonation. Increased paper production capacity led to higher COD load in the mill effluent while production of higher proportions of brighter products gave worse biodegradability. Therefore the biological capacity of the WWTP needed to be increased and extra measures were necessary to enhance the efficiency of COD reduction. The full scale implementation of one MBBR with a volume of 1,230 m3 was accomplished in 2000 followed by another MBBR of 2,475 m3 in 2002. An ozonation step with a capacity of 75 kg O3/h was added in 2004 to meet higher COD reduction demands during the production of brighter products and thus keeping the given outflow limits. Adding a moving bed biofilm reactor prior to the existing activated sludge step gives: (i) cost advantages when increasing biological capacity as higher COD volume loads of MBBRs allow smaller reactors than usual for activated sludge plants; (ii) a relief of strain from the activated sludge step by biological degradation in the MBBR; (iii) equalizing of peaks in the COD load and toxic effects before affecting the activated sludge step; (iv) a stable volume sludge index below 100 ml/g in combination with an optimization of the activated sludge step allows good sludge separation—an important condition for further treatment with ozone. Ozonation and subsequent bio-filtration pre-treated waste water provide: (i) reduction of hard COD unobtainable by conventional treatment; (ii) controllable COD reduction in a very wide range and therefore elimination of COD-peaks; (iii) reduction of treatment costs by combination of ozonation and subsequent bio-filtration; (iv) decrease of the color in the ozonated wastewater. The MBBR step proved very simple to operate as part of the biological treatment. Excellent control of the COD-removal rate in the ozone step allowed for economical usage and therefore acceptable operation costs in relation to the paper production.

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KOZAK, Melike, Serdar GÖÇER, Ahmet DUYAR, İrem AYRANPINAR, Emre Oğuz KÖROĞLU, and Kevser CIRIK. "INVESTIGATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION ON KALDNES K1." Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25, no. 4 (December 3, 2022): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1137084.

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The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) has proven to be an effective system for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater. The main operating mechanism of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) is the growth of attached biomass in biofilm carriers in the bioreactor with mixing provided by diffusers in aerobic bioreactors or mechanical stirrers in anoxic/anaerobic bioreactors. Biofilm formation is a complex process affected by microbial composition and properties. In this study, biofilm formation performance on Kaldnes K1 was investigated in two moving bed biofilm reactors (AnMBBR1 and AnMBBR2) using textile wastewater. Both MBBRs with a 40% fill rate were operated with a 6-hour hydraulic retention time (HRT). AnMBBR1 was operated under anaerobic conditions while AnMBBR2 was operated at different aeration rates (0.001-0.004 m3 air/m3reactor). The highest biomass concentration was observed in AnMBBR2 with a reactor aeration ratio of 0.004 m3air/m3reactor, corresponding to 4062 mg/L. The results showed that limited aeration improved biofilm formation on biofilm carriers rather than anaerobic conditions.

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Freitas, Bruno de Oliveira, Luan de Souza Leite, Maria Teresa Hoffmann, Antonio Wagner Lamon, and Luiz Antonio Daniel. "Application of alternative carriers without protected surface in moving bed biofilm reactor for domestic wastewater treatment." Water Practice and Technology 17, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.003.

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Abstract Biological reactors with immobilized biomass on free carriers have provided new perspectives for wastewater treatment, once they reduce the system size and increase the treatment capacity. In this study, the performance of three Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) using different carriers (with and without protected surface area) were evaluated for domestic wastewater treatment in continuous flow. Each MBBR (i.e., R1, R2, and R3) was filled at a ratio of 50% with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) carriers with different characteristics: both R1-K1 and R2-Corrugated tube with protected surface and R3-HDPE flakes without protected surface. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 80 ± 5.0, 80 ± 3.5, and 78 ± 2.4% was achieved by R1, R2, and R3, respectively. The oxygen uptake by biofilm attached on the carriers was 0.0079 ± 0.0013, 0.0033 ± 0.0015, and 0.0031 ± 0.0026 μg DO·mm−2 for the K1, corrugated tube, and HDPE flakes, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the performance of the three MBBRs in terms of physico-chemical parameters (alkalinity, pH, and dissolved inorganic carbon) and COD removal. Results showed that the carrier type and its characteristics (total area and with/without protected area) did not affect the organic matter removal. Thus, the carrier without a protected surface in MBBR could be a promising low-cost option for domestic wastewater treatment.

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Ren, Baisha, Bradley Young, Fabio Variola, and Robert Delatolla. "Protein to polysaccharide ratio in EPS as an indicator of non-optimized operation of tertiary nitrifying MBBR." Water Quality Research Journal 51, no. 4 (March 14, 2016): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2016.040.

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The protein (PN), polysaccharide (PS), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) percent concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilm samples harvested from a pilot-scale nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were investigated at various operating temperatures and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Chemically measured EPS PN/PS ratios were shown to correlate to Raman intensity ratios of amide III to carbohydrate at 362 rel. cm−1. The study also demonstrates that tertiary nitrifying MBBR systems may be optimized to operate at HRTs as low as 0.75 to 1.0 h as opposed to conventional HRTs of 2.0 to 6.0 h. The EPS of the nitrifying MBBR biofilm exhibited the lowest percent PN content and the highest percent PSs and eDNA content. In particular, PN/PS ratios lower than 3 were indicative of non-optimal operation of the nitrifying MBBR systems, whereas PN/PS ratios with values significantly below 3 were observed for ammonia underloaded systems at high operating temperatures and hydraulically overloaded systems at low HRTs. This study demonstrates that the PN/PS ratio in EPS is a potential metric to identify non-optimal operation of nitrifying MBBR systems.

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Jones, Katie L., Daniel B. Wilkinson, Angela J. Walsh, and Laura R. Crisman. "MBBR To MBR – Unique Process Configuration For Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment/Reuse." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 12 (January 1, 2012): 3947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811708680.

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Yang, Xuefei, Víctor López-Grimau, Mercedes Vilaseca, and Martí Crespi. "Treatment of Textile Wastewater by CAS, MBR, and MBBR: A Comparative Study from Technical, Economic, and Environmental Perspectives." Water 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051306.

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In this study, three different biological methods—a conventional activated sludge (CAS) system, membrane bioreactor (MBR), and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)—were investigated to treat textile wastewater from a local industry. The results showed that technically, MBR was the most efficient technology, of which the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and color removal efficiency were 91%, 99.4%, and 80%, respectively, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.3 days. MBBR, on the other hand, had a similar COD removal performance compared with CAS (82% vs. 83%) with halved HRT (1 day vs. 2 days) and 73% of TSS removed, while CAS had 66%. Economically, MBBR was a more attractive option for an industrial-scale plant since it saved 68.4% of the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and had the same operational expenditures (OPEX) as MBR. The MBBR system also had lower environmental impacts compared with CAS and MBR processes in the life cycle assessment (LCA) study, since it reduced the consumption of electricity and decolorizing agent with respect to CAS. According to the results of economic and LCA analyses, the water treated by the MBBR system was reused to make new dyeings because water reuse in the textile industry, which is a large water consumer, could achieve environmental and economic benefits. The quality of new dyed fabrics was within the acceptable limits of the textile industry.

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Leyva-Díaz, J. C., A. Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. González-López, and J. M. Poyatos. "Effect of salinity variation on the autotrophic kinetics of the start-up of a membrane bioreactor and hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor at low hydraulic retention time." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 3 (November 20, 2017): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.585.

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Abstract A membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBR) for municipal wastewater treatment were studied to determine the effect of salinity on nitrogen removal and autotrophic kinetics. The biological systems were analyzed during the start-up phase with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h, total biomass concentration of 2,500 mg L−1 in the steady state, and electric conductivities of 1.05 mS cm−1 for MBR and hybrid MBBR-MBR working under regular salinity and conductivity variations of 1.2–6.5 mS cm−1 for MBR and hybrid MBBR-MBR operating at variable salinity. The variable salinity affected the autotrophic biomass, which caused a reduction of the nitrogen degradation rate, an increase of time to remove ammonium from municipal wastewater and longer duration of the start-up phase for the MBR and hybrid MBBR-MBR.

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Tang, Kai, Gordon Ooi, Aikaterini Spiliotopoulou, Kamilla Kaarsholm, Kim Sundmark, Bianca Florian, Caroline Kragelund, Kai Bester, and Henrik Andersen. "Removal of Pharmaceuticals, Toxicity and Natural Fluorescence by Ozonation in Biologically Pre-Treated Municipal Wastewater, in Comparison to Subsequent Polishing Biofilm Reactors." Water 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041059.

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Ozonation followed by a polishing moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was implemented in pilot and laboratory to remove the residual pharmaceuticals and toxicity from wastewater effluent, which was from a pilot hybrid system of MBBR and activated sludge, receiving municipal wastewater. The delivered ozone dosages achieving 90% pharmaceutical removal were determined both in pilot and laboratory experiments and they were normalised to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), illustrating our findings were comparable with previously published literature. During wastewater ozonation, the intensity of natural fluorescence was found to be greatly associated with the concentrations of the studied pharmaceuticals. In pilot experiments, toxicity, measured by Vibrio fischeri, increased after ozonation at delivered ozone dosages at 0.38–0.47 mg O3/mg DOC and was completely removed by the subsequent polishing MBBR. Laboratory experiments verified that the polishing MBBR was able to remove the toxicity produced by the ozonation.

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Duan, Liang, Yong Hui Song, Wei Jiang, and Slawomir W. Hermanowicz. "Development of an Integrated Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor-Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.611.

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Development of a MBBR-MBR has been investigated combining a moving bed biofilm reactor with a submerged membrane biomass separation reactor. Treatment efficiencies were found to be high with the production of a consistent high-quality effluent, irrespective of media fill ratio of MBBR or membrane reactor operating modes. There had some obvious fouling in MBR, MBBR and IFAS 3000, while no fouling were detected in IFAS 1500. The great difference indicated the media filling fraction have an important role and effect on membrane fouling. Traditional MBR and IFAS 3000 have more non-flocculating microorganisms in most time due to the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration. There had almost the same MLSS on media surface, independent of the volume of media and the MLSS concentration in each tank. The MBBR had more biomass enriched on membrane surface due to the dead end system.

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Schneider, E. E., A. C. F. P. Cerqueira, and M. Dezotti. "MBBR evaluation for oil refinery wastewater treatment, with post-ozonation and BAC, for wastewater reuse." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.024.

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This work evaluated the performance of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) in the treatment of an oil refinery wastewater. Also, it investigated the possibility of reuse of the MBBR effluent, after ozonation in series with a biological activated carbon (BAC) column. The best performance of the MBBR was achieved with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 hours, employing a bed to bioreactor volume ratio (VB/VR) of 0.6. COD and N-NH4+ MBBR effluent concentrations ranged from 40 to 75 mg L−1 (removal efficiency of 69–89%) and 2 to 6 mg L−1 (removal efficiency of 45–86%), respectively. Ozonation carried out for 15 min with an ozone concentration of 5 mg L−1 was able to improve the treated wastewater biodegradability. The treatment performance of the BAC columns was practically the same for ozonated and non ozonated MBBR effluents. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of the columns of the activated carbon columns (CAG) was in the range of 2.1–3.8 mg L−1, and the corresponding DOC removal efficiencies were comprised between 52 and 75%. The effluent obtained at the end of the proposed treatment presented a quality, which meet the requirements for water reuse in the oil refinery.

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Cui, Yan-Xiang, Di Wu, Hamish R. Mackey, Ho-Kwong Chui, and Guang-Hao Chen. "Application of a moving-bed biofilm reactor for sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic denitrification." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 4 (December 12, 2017): 1027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.617.

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Abstract Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic denitrification (SO-AD) was investigated in a laboratory-scale moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) at a sewage temperature of 22 °C. A synthetic wastewater with nitrate, sulfide and thiosulfate was fed into the MBBR. After 20 days' acclimation, the reduced sulfur compounds were completely oxidized and nitrogen removal efficiency achieved up to 82%. The operation proceeded to examine the denitrification by decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 12 to 4 h in stages. At steady state, this laboratory-scale SO-AD MBBR achieved the nitrogen removal efficiency of 94% at the volumetric loading rate of 0.18 kg N·(mreactor3·d)−1. The biofilm formation was examined periodically: the attached volatile solids (AVS) gradually increased corresponding to the decrease of HRT and stabilized at about 1,300 mg AVS·Lreactor−1 at steady state. This study demonstrated that without adding external organic carbon, SO-AD can be successfully applied in moving-bed carriers. The application of SO-AD MBBR has shown the potential for sulfur-containing industrial wastewater treatment, brackish wastewater treatment and the upgrading of the activated sludge system. Moreover, the study provides direct design information for the full-scale MBBR application of the sulfur-cycle based SANI process.

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Rudi, Knut, Inger Andrea Goa, Torgeir Saltnes, Gjermund Sørensen, Inga Leena Angell, and Sondre Eikås. "Microbial ecological processes in MBBR biofilms for biological phosphorus removal from wastewater." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.149.

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Abstract Phosphorus is both a major environmental pollutant and a limiting resource. Although enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is used worldwide for phosphorus removal, the standard activated sludge-based EBPR process shows limitations with stability and efficiency. Recently, a new EBPR moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process has been developed at HIAS (Hamar, Norway), enabling a phosphorus removal stability above 90% during a whole year cycle. To increase the knowledge of the HIAS (MBBR) process the aim of the current work was to characterize the MBBR microbiota and operational performance weekly for the operational year. Surprisingly, we found a major succession of the microbiota, with a five-fold increase in phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs), and major shifts in eukaryote composition, despite a stable phosphorus removal. Temperature was the only factor that significantly affected both phosphorus removal and the microbiota. There was a lower phosphor removal during the winter, coinciding with a higher microbiota alpha diversity, and a lower beta diversity. This differs from what is observed for activated sludge based EBPR. Taken together, the knowledge gained from the current microbiota study supports the efficiency and stability of MBBR-based systems, and that knowledge from activated sludge-based EBPR approaches cannot be translated to MBBR systems.

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Sayyahzadeh, Amir Hossein, Hossein Ganjidoust, and Bita Ayati. "MBBR system performance improvement for petroleum hydrocarbon removal using modified media with activated carbon." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 9 (February 9, 2016): 2275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.013.

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Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system has a successful operation in the treatment of different types of wastewater. Since the media, i.e. the place of growth and formation of biofilm, play the main role in the treatment in this system, MBBR systems were operated in the present research with modified Bee-cell media. Activated carbon granules of almond or walnut shells were placed in media pores to improve the treatment of refinery oil wastewater and their operation with MBBR system was compared with the conventional Bee-cell media. In these experiments, the effects of organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), media filling ratio (MFR), and activated carbon concentration (ACC) used in the media were investigated on the operation of MBBR systems. The analysis of results estimated the optimal values of HRT, MFR, and ACC used in the media between the studied levels, being equal to 22 h, 50%, and 7.5 g/L, respectively. Under these conditions, total petroleum hydrocarbons removal efficiencies for MBBR systems using Bee-cell media with carbon of almond, carbon of walnut shells, and a carbon-free system were 95 ± 1.17%, 91 ± 1.11%, and 57 ± 1.7%, respectively, which confirms the adsorption ability of systems with the media containing activated carbon in the removal of petroleum compounds from wastewater.

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Rusten, Bjørn, Jon G. Siljudalen, and Bjørnar Nordeidet. "Upgrading to nitrogen removal with the kmt moving bed biofilm process." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0608.

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A new moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) has been developed in Norway. The biomass is attached to carrier elements that move freely along with the water in the reactor. It has been demonstrated that existing, high loaded, activated sludge plants can easily be upgraded to nitrogen removing MBBR plants. With chemically enhanced mechanical treatment, full scale tests showed that 80-90% total nitrogen could be removed in a MBBR plant at a total empty bed hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.6 hours. The plant was operated in the post-denitrification mode, using methanol as an external carbon source.

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Hosseini, Firuzeh, Mahmoud Ebrahimi, and Hassan Karimi-Maleh. "Electrochemical Determination of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Drug Samples Using Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium Bromide and NiO/SWCNTs Nanocomposite." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180326114345.

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Background: The mycophenolate mofetil is an immunosuppressant drug with wide application in the treatment of cancer and prevent rejection in organ transplantation. This drug showed many sides effects for pregnant women and determination of this drug is very important in the human body. Objective: A new electrochemical strategy was described for analysis of Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) using novel voltammetric sensor. The sensor was fabricated using NiO/SWCNTs and 1-methyl- 3-butylimidazolium bromide as two conductive mediators for modification of carbon paste electrode (NiO/SWCNTs/MBBr/CPE). The NiO/SWCNTs/MBBr/CPE can be used for analysis of MMF in aqueous buffer solution in the concentration range of 0.08-900 µM. In addition, the NiO/SWCNTs/ MBBr/CPE reduced oxidation over-potential of MMF ~ 80 mV and increased the oxidation current of MMF ~ 2.85 times. In the final step, NiO/SWCNTs/MBBr/CPE was used for determination of MMF in pharmaceutical serum and tablet samples.

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Yang, Xuefei, and Víctor López-Grimau. "Reduction of Cost and Environmental Impact in the Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using a Combined MBBR-MBR System." Membranes 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110892.

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A hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor—Membrane Bioreactor (MBBR-MBR) was developed for the treatment of wastewater from a Spanish textile company. Compared with conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment, the feasibility of this hybrid system to reduce economic and environmental impact on an industrial scale was conducted. The results showed that, technically, the removal efficiency of COD, TSS and color reached 93%, 99% and 85%, respectively. The newly dyed fabrics performed with the treated wastewater were qualified under the standards of the textile industry. Economically, the values of Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) calculated for the hybrid MBBR-MBR system are profitable because of the reduction in Operational Expenditure (OPEX) when compared with CAS treatment, due to the lower effluent discharge tax thanks to the higher quality of the effluent and the decolorizing agent saved. The result of Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 18% suggested that MBBR-MBR is financially applicable for implantation into the industrial scale. The MBBR-MBR treatment also showed lower environmental impacts than the CAS process in the life cycle assessment (LCA) study, especially in the category of climate change, thanks to the avoidance of using extra decolorizing agent, a synthetic product based on a triamine.

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Kawan, Jamal Ali, Rakmi Abd-Rahman, Othman bin Jaafar, and Fatihah Suja. "Polishing of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Using Moving Bed Bio-Reactor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1281.

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The pilot-scale experiment in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with a capacity of 433 L was carried out for this study with real life situations, it was decided that the complete research work must be done under as realistic conditions as possible,i.e.with real municipal wastewater, chemical free and with local commercially available products such as carriers for biofilm reactor. The reactor was start-up in 30/9/2013 up to date, Effluent from clarifier of STP used as influence of MBBR for polishing. MBBR is using continues down flow to polish effluent municipal wastewater from a faculty of new building engineering community in UKM to get the water free from main pollutant parameters, for reuse in the irrigation or discharge to the river. Laboratory experiments will conduct with different hydraulic retention time (HRT), filling ratio of plastic (Enviro Multi Media) in the MBBR about 5%. Aerobic reactors used the majority of the decaying organic material. An average removal rate of 41.75%, 32.85%, 24.80% and 35.77% of initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) were achieved under a HRT of 24hr, 12hr, 6hr and 2hr, respectively. The model simulated results showed good agreements with experimental results. The model could be employed in the design of a full-scale MBBR process for simultaneous removal of organic carbon from effluent STP.

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Lê, Hoàng Việt, and Võ Châu Ngân Nguyễn. "Ảnh hưởng của thời gian lưu nước đến hiệu suất xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt bằng bể phản ứng giá thể di động kết hợp cột lọc màng tự chế." Can Tho University Journal of Science 59, no. 2 (April 28, 2023): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jvn.2023.060.

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Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt bể phản ứng giá thể di động (Moving bed biofilm reactor - MBBR) kết hợp với cột màng lọc tự chế ở những thời gian lưu nước khác nhau. Bể MBBR có thể tích 45,54 L chứa 40% giá thể K3, và cột lọc màng tự chế quy mô phòng thí nghiệm được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu. Kết quả cho thấy ở tải nạp vào bể MBBR là 0,47 kg BOD5/m3/ngày, kết hợp tải nạp nước 0,79 m3/m2/ngày qua cột lọc màng, thời gian lưu nước 6 giờ, nước thải đầu ra đã đạt QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (cột A) với hiệu suất xử lý BOD5 đạt 94,6%, COD 86,6%, N-NH4+ 88,2% và TP 67,6%. Ở thời gian lưu 5 giờ, tải nạp vào bể MBBR 0,77 kg BOD5/m3/ngày, tải nạp nước qua cột lọc màng 0,95 m3/m2/ngày, các thông số chất lượng đầu ra vẫn đạt QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (cột A), trong đó hiệu suất xử lý BOD5 đạt 89,5%, COD 89,4%, N-NH4+ 84,5% và TP 57,6%. Như vậy, bể MBBR kết hợp với cột lọc màng tự chế có thể ứng dụng xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt đạt QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (cột A) ở thời gian lưu nước 5 giờ.

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Andreottola, G., P. Foladori, M. Ragazzi, and R. Villa. "Dairy wastewater treatment in a moving bed biofilm reactor." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (June 1, 2002): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0441.

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Dairy raw wastewater is characterised by high concentrations and fluctuations of organic matter and nutrient loads related to the discontinuity in the cheese production cycle and machinery washing. The applicability of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) filled with FLOCOR-RMP® plastic media to the treatment of dairy wastewater was evaluated in a pilot-plant. COD fractionation of influent wastewater, MBBR performance on COD and nutrient removal were investigated. A removal efficiency of total COD over 80% was obtained with an applied load up to 52.7 gCOD m−2 d−1 (corresponding to 5 kgCOD m−3d−1). The COD removal kinetics for the MBBR system was assessed. The order of the kinetics resulted very close to half-order in the case of a biofilm partially penetrated by the substrate. The nitrogen removal efficiency varied widely between 13.3 and 96.2% due to the bacterial synthesis requirement. The application of a MBBR system to dairy wastewater treatment may be appropriate when upgrading overloaded activated sludge plants or in order to minimise reactor volumes in a pre-treatment.

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Luo, Xianxin, Junfeng Su, Han Liu, Tinglin Huang, Li Wei, Jiawei Nie, Hanyu Gao, and Dongpeng Li. "Performance of an autotrophic denitrification process with mixed electron donors and a functional microbial community." Water Supply 19, no. 2 (May 7, 2018): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.088.

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Abstract A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) using Mn(II) and Fe(II) as mixed electron donors was designed for nitrate removal. The optimal state, as determined by response surface methodology, was an Fe(II):Mn(II) molar ratio of 0.62, electron donor:electron acceptor molar ratio of 2.62 and hydraulic retention time of 10.88 h. Subsequently, the MBBR was applied to groundwater treatment and demonstrated a final nitrate-N removal efficiency of 99.5% with a nitrite-N accumulation rate of 0.0706 mg-N·L−1·h−1. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing was employed to characterize bacterial communities in the MBBR. Results showed that the genera of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter may make a contribution to the nitrate removal.

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Cabrillana, María Eugenia, María de los Ángeles Monclus, Tania Estefania Sáez Lancellotti, Paola Vanina Boarelli, Amanda Edith Vincenti, Miguel Matias Fornés, Eduardo Alfredo Sanabria, and Miguel Walter Fornés. "Thiols of flagellar proteins are essential for progressive motility in human spermatozoa." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 7 (2017): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16225.

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Male infertility is a disorder of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. The presence of low-motile or immotile spermatozoa is one of many causes of infertility; however, this observation provides little or no information regarding the pathogenesis of the malfunction. Good sperm motility depends on correct assembly of the sperm tail in the testis and efficient maturation during epididymal transit. Thiols of flagellar proteins, such as outer dense fibre protein 1 (ODF1), are oxidised to form disulfides during epididymal transit and the spermatozoa become motile. This study was designed to determine how oxidative changes in protein thiol status affect progressive motility in human spermatozoa. Monobromobimane (mBBr) was used as a specific thiol marker and disruptor of sperm progressive motility. When mBBr was blocked by dithiothreitol it did not promote motility changes. The analysis of mBBr-treated spermatozoa revealed a reduction of progressive motility and an increased number of spermatozoa with non-progressive motility without affecting ATP production. Laser confocal microscopy and western blot analysis showed that one of the mBBr-positive proteins reacted with an antibody to ODF1. Monobromobimane fluorescence intensity of the sperm tail was lower in normozoospermic than asthenozoospermic men, suggesting that thiol oxidation in spermatozoa of asthenozoospermic men is incomplete. Our findings indicate that mBBr affects the thiol status of ODF1 in human spermatozoa and interferes with progressive motility.

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Galipidu, Evdokia, Athanasios Stasinakis, and Jelena Radonić. "POREĐENJE EFIKSNOSTI TRETMANA KOMUNALNIH OTPADNIH VODA KORIŠĆENJEM MBBR-MBR I SBR SISTEMA." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 37, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 1665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/19hz01galipidu.

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U okviru rada ispitane su inovativne metode za prečišćavanje komunalne otpadne vode. Njihovo proučavanje izvedeno je na osnovu analiza naučnih radova drugih autora i istraživača, kao i na osnovu izvršenog eksperimenta. Opisani su eksperimentalno isptivani sistemi i dobijeni rezultati. Prvi sistem činio je kombinaciju anaerobnog reaktora sa pokretnim biofilmom (AnMBBR) i aerobni membranski bioreaktor (AeMBR), a drugi kombinaciju sekvencijalnog šaržnog reaktora (SBR) i mikroalge Chlorella sorokiniana. Određena je efikasnost prečišćavanja oba sistema, kao i njihovo poređenje sa ciljem predstavljanja prednosti i nedostataka.

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Wang, Tong, Tong Wu, Haiyan Wang, Weiyang Dong, Yaqian Zhao, Zhaosheng Chu, Guokai Yan, and Yang Chang. "Comparative Study of Denitrifying-MBBRs with Different Polyethylene Carriers for Advanced Nitrogen Removal of Real Reverse Osmosis Concentrate." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082667.

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Nitrogen (N) remains a great challenge in wastewater treatment while attempts to remove N has continuously been a research point for decades. In this study, the long-term performance of four identical-shape denitrification MBBRs (moving bed biofilm reactors) with four different configurations of cylindrical polyethylene as carriers (Φ25 × 12, Φ25 × 4, Φ15 × 15, and Φ10 × 7 mm) for advanced N removal of real reverse osmosis concentrate was investigated in great detail. The N of the real concentrate can be effectively removed by denitrification MBBRs when the pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), C/N ratio, and filling rate are 7.50–8.10, 24~26 °C, 12 hours, 6.6, and 50%, respectively. The results showed that the MBBR with the Φ15 × 15 poly-carrier had the best removal efficiency on NO3-–N (78.0 ± 15.8%), NO2-–N (43.79 ± 9.30%), NH4+–N (55.56 ± 22.28%), and TN (68.9 ± 12.4%). The highest biomass of 2.13 mg/g-carrier was in the Φ15 × 15 poly-carrier was compared with the other three carriers, while the genes of the Φ15 × 15 poly-carrier reactor were also the most abundant. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the system followed by Bacteroidetes and then Firmicutes. The entire experiment with various parameter examination supported that Φ15 × 15 poly-carrier MBBR was a promising system for N removal in high strength concentrate. Despite the lab-scale trial, the successful treatment of high strength real reverse osmosis concentrate demonstrated the reality of the treated effluent as possible reclaimed water, thus providing a good showcase of N-rich reverse osmosis concentrate purification in practical application.

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Jeffries, Rex E., Shawn M. Gomez, Jeffrey M. Macdonald, and Michael P. Gamcsik. "Direct Detection of Glutathione Biosynthesis, Conjugation, Depletion and Recovery in Intact Hepatoma Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 4733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094733.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor glutathione metabolism in alginate-encapsulated JM-1 hepatoma cells perfused with growth media containing [3,3′-13C2]-cystine. After 20 h of perfusion with labeled medium, the 13C NMR spectrum is dominated by the signal from the 13C-labeled glutathione. Once 13C-labeled, the high intensity of the glutathione resonance allows the acquisition of subsequent spectra in 1.2 min intervals. At this temporal resolution, the detailed kinetics of glutathione metabolism can be monitored as the thiol alkylating agent monobromobimane (mBBr) is added to the perfusate. The addition of a bolus dose of mBBr results in rapid diminution of the resonance for 13C-labeled glutathione due to a loss of this metabolite through alkylation by mBBr. As the glutathione resonance decreases, a new resonance due to the production of intracellular glutathione-bimane conjugate is detectable. After clearance of the mBBr dose from the cells, intracellular glutathione repletion is then observed by a restoration of the 13C-glutathione signal along with wash-out of the conjugate. These data demonstrate that standard NMR techniques can directly monitor intracellular processes such as glutathione depletion with a time resolution of approximately < 2 min.

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50

Jeffries, Rex E., Shawn M. Gomez, Jeffrey M. Macdonald, and Michael P. Gamcsik. "Direct Detection of Glutathione Biosynthesis, Conjugation, Depletion and Recovery in Intact Hepatoma Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 4733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094733.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor glutathione metabolism in alginate-encapsulated JM-1 hepatoma cells perfused with growth media containing [3,3′-13C2]-cystine. After 20 h of perfusion with labeled medium, the 13C NMR spectrum is dominated by the signal from the 13C-labeled glutathione. Once 13C-labeled, the high intensity of the glutathione resonance allows the acquisition of subsequent spectra in 1.2 min intervals. At this temporal resolution, the detailed kinetics of glutathione metabolism can be monitored as the thiol alkylating agent monobromobimane (mBBr) is added to the perfusate. The addition of a bolus dose of mBBr results in rapid diminution of the resonance for 13C-labeled glutathione due to a loss of this metabolite through alkylation by mBBr. As the glutathione resonance decreases, a new resonance due to the production of intracellular glutathione-bimane conjugate is detectable. After clearance of the mBBr dose from the cells, intracellular glutathione repletion is then observed by a restoration of the 13C-glutathione signal along with wash-out of the conjugate. These data demonstrate that standard NMR techniques can directly monitor intracellular processes such as glutathione depletion with a time resolution of approximately < 2 min.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MBBR'

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