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Journal articles on the topic 'McCarthy scales of children's abilities (MSCA)'

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Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hutagalung, Fonny Dameaty, Chew Fong Peng, Donnie Adams, and Nina Fitriana. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHILDREN’S COGNITIVE ABILITY IN MALAYSIAN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PRE-SCHOOLS." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 7, no. 2 (2022): 377–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp377-398.

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Background and Purpose: A child’s cognitive, physical, and socioeconomic development must be stimulated as early as possible to ensure it is on the right path. However, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate the difference in cognitive abilities between public and private pre-schoolers in Malaysia.  Methodology: A total of 121 students aged five to six were selected from public and private pre-schools in Kuala Lumpur using a purposive sampling method. The children's general cognitive abilities were assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA).&#x

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O’Connor, Giselle, Jordi Julvez, Silvia Fernandez-Barrés, et al. "Association of Lifestyle Factors and Neuropsychological Development of 4-Year-Old Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (2020): 5668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165668.

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Background: We aimed to assess how lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep, screen viewing, and physical activity, individually, as well as in a combined score, were associated with neuropsychological development in pre-school age children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 1650 children of 4 years of age, from the Environment and Childhood Project (INMA) population-based birth cohorts in four regions of Spain. Children were classified per a childhood healthy lifestyle score (CHLS) with a range of 0 to 4 that included eating in concordance with the Mediterranean diet (1 point); re

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Torres-Olascoaga, Libni A., Deborah Watkins, Lourdes Schnaas, et al. "Early Gestational Exposure to High-Molecular-Weight Phthalates and Its Association with 48-Month-Old Children’s Motor and Cognitive Scores." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (2020): 8150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218150.

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In utero phthalate exposure has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, nevertheless, trimester-specific susceptibility remains understudied. Our aim was to identify susceptible windows to the effects of gestational High-Molecular-Weight Phthalates (HMWP) exposure on 48 months’ neurodevelopment. We measured six HMWP metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP, MBzP and MCPP) in urine samples collected during each trimester from women in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort (n = 218). We assessed children’s motor (MS), cognitive (GCI) and memory (M

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Leventakou, Vasiliki, Theano Roumeliotaki, Katerina Sarri, et al. "Dietary patterns in early childhood and child cognitive and psychomotor development: the Rhea mother–child cohort study in Crete." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 8 (2016): 1431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516000246.

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AbstractEarly-life nutrition is critical for optimal brain development; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of diet as a whole in early childhood on neurological development with inconsistent results. The present analysis is a cross-sectional study nested within an ongoing prospective birth cohort, the Rhea study, and aims to examine the association of dietary patterns with cognitive and psychomotor development in 804 preschool (mean age 4·2 years) children. Parents completed a validated FFQ, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Child cognitive an

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Hsu, Hsiao-Hsien Leon, Jamil M. Lane, Lourdes Schnaas, et al. "Sensitive development windows of prenatal air pollution and cognitive functioning in preschool age Mexican children." Environmental Epidemiology 8, no. 1 (2024): e291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000291.

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Introduction: Neurotoxicity resulting from air pollution is of increasing concern. Considering exposure timing effects on neurodevelopmental impairments may be as important as the exposure dose. We used distributed lag regression to determine the sensitive windows of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on children’s cognition in a birth cohort in Mexico. Methods: Analysis included 553 full-term (≥37 weeks gestation) children. Prenatal daily PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a validated satellite-based spatiotemporal model. McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA) were u

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Tahaei, Hana, Florence Gignac, Ariadna Pinar, et al. "Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake during Pregnancy and Child Neuropsychological Development: A Multi-Centre Population-Based Birth Cohort Study in Spain." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (2022): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030518.

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Background: There are few studies that look at the intake of all types of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) during the different stages of pregnancy along with a long-term neuropsychological follow-up of the child. This study aims to explore the association between maternal n-3 PUFA intake during two periods of pregnancy and the child’s neuropsychological scores at different ages. Methods: Prospective data were obtained for 2644 pregnant women recruited between 2004 and 2008 in population-based birth cohorts in Spain. Maternal n-3 PUFA intake during the first and third trimester

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Malin, Ashley J., Stefanie A. Busgang, Alejandra J. Cantoral, et al. "Quality of Prenatal and Childhood Diet Predicts Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Children in Mexico City." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (2018): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081093.

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Adequate nutrition is important for neurodevelopment. Although nutrients are ingested in combination, the impact of specific nutrients within the context of a nutrient mixture has not been studied with respect to health, such as neurodevelopment. Therefore, we examined the impact of prenatal and childhood nutrient mixtures on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Participants included mother–child pairs in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stress (PROGRESS) prospective birth cohort in Mexico City. We assessed prenatal and child micro- and macronutrient profiles among

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Freire, Carmen, Rosa Ramos, Esperanza Amaya, et al. "Newborn TSH concentration and its association with cognitive development in healthy boys." European Journal of Endocrinology 163, no. 6 (2010): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-10-0495.

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ObjectiveAn association between thyroid function during pregnancy or infancy and neurodevelopment in children has been demonstrated. We aimed to investigate whether newborn TSH concentrations are related to subsequent neurocognitive development.DesignWe conducted a longitudinal study on 178 children from a general population birth cohort in Granada (Spain) born in 2000–2002.MethodsTSH concentrations were measured in umbilical cord blood, and cognitive functions were assessed at 4 years of age using the McCarthy's scales of children's abilities (MSCA). Organochlorine (OC) compound concentration

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9

Ginsburg, Harvey J., Roque Mendez, Efraim Padilla, Martin Arocena, Emily Vargas Adams, and Paul Davis. "Perceptual Development and Early Childhood Injuries: A Prospective Pilot Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 1 (1993): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.1.125.

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A prospective pilot study of 172 Hispanic children was performed to identify developmental predictors of 9 maternal reports of childhood injuries that required medical attention during the following year. The 1972 McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities was administered near the children's third birthday and maternal reports of injuries were obtained the following year. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the Verbal, Perceptual, Quantitative, Memory, and Motor Subscales of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities accounted for a small but statistically significant proportion of vari

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Karr, Sharon K., Howard Carvajal, Denise Elser, Kim Bays, Robert A. Logan, and Gregory L. Page. "Concurrent Validity of the WPPSI—R and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities." Psychological Reports 72, no. 3 (1993): 940–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3.940.

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The concurrent validity of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Revised (WPPSI—R) and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities was assessed with 32 preschool and kindergarten children. The correlations of .70, .73, and .81 between the McCarthy General Cognitive Index and WPPSI—R IQs on the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scales were significantly different from zero. There were no differences among the three WPPSI—R means and the McCarthy General Cognitive Index mean for the total group, or for gender means.

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11

Moon, Soo-Back, Toshinori Ishikuma, and Alan S. Kaufman. "Joint Factor Analysis of the K-ABC and Mc Carthy Scales." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 3 (1987): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.3.699.

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A joint-factor analysis was conducted using three major scales of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and eight Kaufman-ABC subtests as variables. Subjects were 90 children ages 4 to 8 1/2 yr. The scree test produced three significant factors, each interpretable from the Kaufman-ABC model. McCarthy Verbal scale was closely associated with the Achievement/Verbal factor; McCarthy Perceptual performance scale loaded highly on the Simultaneous Processing dimension; and McCarthy Quantitative was associated with all three factors. These results provide useful guidelines for interpreting a ch

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Karr, Sharon K., Howard Carvajal, and Bettye L. Palmer. "Comparison of Kaufman's Short Form of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales—Fourth Edition." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 3_suppl (1992): 1120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.3c.1120.

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21 kindergarten children completed the Stanford-Binet-IV (Binet-IV) and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Kaufman's (1977) estimated General Cognitive Index (GCI) was computed from the entire McCarthy scales. There was only one significant difference among the Binet-IV and estimated GCI scores. Abstract/Visual Reasoning was significantly lower than the Kaufman GCI. Correlations of the five Binet-IV Standard Age Scores and the Kaufman GCI ranged from .29 to .67. The correlation between the GCI and the Kaufman estimated GCI was .91.

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Chermak, Gail D., and Julie M. Fisher. "Association between Paired Subtests of Auditory Sequential Memory Administered to Preschool Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 1 (1989): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.1.255.

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Auditory sequential memory subtests of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities were administered individually to 20 normal preschool children. Poor performance on the McCarthy words/sentences subtest suggests retention difficulties associated with isolated words in the absence of linguistic context. Correlations of only moderate strength and large unexplained variance indicate poor predictability between subtests despite similarities in content and procedural details.

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Trueman, Mark, and Alan Branthwaite. "Finding fault with criticisms of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities." Educational Research 27, no. 3 (1985): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013188850270304.

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Harrington, Robert G., and Valerie Jennings. "A Comparison of three short forms of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities." Contemporary Educational Psychology 11, no. 2 (1986): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-476x(86)90001-9.

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Riyanto, Pulung, Harani Fitrianti, Ni Nyoman Rediani, and Cristiana Normalita De Lima. "Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Anak Prasekolah: Analisis Program Intervensi Motorik." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan 6, no. 3 (2022): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v6i3.53617.

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Masih rendahnya keterampilan motorik anak pra-sekolah menuntut pendidikan menerapakan sebuah program yang dapat menstimulasi keterampilan motorik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis program kegiatan gerakan terstruktur terhadap perkembangan motorik anak usia tiga sampai lima tahun yang bersekolah di prasekolah. Metode yang digunakan kuasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini 72 anak Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Instrumen yang digunakan dari McCarthy Children's Psychomotricity and Aptitude Scales (MSCA, USA) dan koordinasi lengan. Anali

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Branthwaite, Alan, and Mark Trueman. "Ambiguities in Watkins and Wiebe's Regression Analysis of the Mccarthy Scales of Children's Abilities." Educational and Psychological Measurement 45, no. 2 (1985): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001316448504500231.

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Morgan, Robert L., Brenda Dawson, and David Kerby. "The performance of preschoolers with speech/language disorders on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities." Psychology in the Schools 29, no. 1 (1992): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(199201)29:1<11::aid-pits2310290103>3.0.co;2-z.

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Jennings, Kay Donahue, and Robin E. Connors. "Mothers' Interactional Style and Children's Competence at 3 Years." International Journal of Behavioral Development 12, no. 2 (1989): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200202.

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This study asked how mothers' style of interaction related to their children's competence-both competence on traditional cognitive tests and competence during play. Forty-four mothers and their 3-year-old children were observed in their homes while engaged in structured and unstructured tasks and unstructured play. Maternal directiveness and affective tone were assessed, as well as maternal perceptions of their children's intrinsic motivation. At school the children were given the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, and their play was observed. Results indicated that both maternal directi

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Rieck, Miriam, Ilan Arad, and Dvorah Netzer. "Developmental Evaluation of Very-low-birthweight Infants: Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Studies." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 3 (1996): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900306.

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The cognitive development of 83 children of very-low-birthweight (VLBW; birthweight - 1500 grams), ages three to seven years, was evaluated in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. In the longitudinal study, head circumference had the strongest association with cognitive scores. Other factors related to cognitive scores included neurological complications during hospitalisation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the child's age at the present investigation, and mother's level of education. In the cross-sectional study, the VLBW childr

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Lewis, Michael, John Worobey, Douglas S. Ramsay, and Michael K. McCormack. "Prenatal Exposure to Heavy Metals: Effect on Childhood Cognitive Skills and Health Status." Pediatrics 89, no. 6 (1992): 1010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.6.1010.

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Prenatal exposure to seven heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, nickel, and silver) was determined for amniotic fluid taken from 92 pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis at approximately 16 to 18 weeks' gestation. Follow-up assessment of their children's cognitive skills and health status was conducted when the children were approximately 3 years of age. The presence of these metals co-occurred in amniotic fluid. A prenatal toxic risk score was derived which was a weighted score reflecting the presence of the various metals in amniotic fluid. The toxic risk score was negat

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Caplan, H. L., S. R. Cogill, Heather Alexandra, Kay Mordecai Robson, R. Katz, and R. Kumar. "Maternal Depression and the Emotional Development of the Child." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 6 (1989): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.6.818.

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Ninety-two women and their first-born children took part in a longitudinal survey of maternal mental health. When the children were four years old, their mothers were interviewed by means of the Behavioural Screening Questionnaire, and the children's problems were rated by a psychiatrist, who was unaware of the mothers' psychiatric histories or of assessments of their current health. As expected, mothers who were concurrently depressed reported significantly more behavioural difficulties in their children. Marital disharmony during pregnancy and a history of paternal psychiatric problems were

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Bond, Gayle Goldstein. "An Assessment of Cognitive Abilities in Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Preschool Children." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 52, no. 4 (1987): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5204.319.

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There have been many investigations of cognitive development in older hearing-impaired children, but few with preschool hearing-impaired children. The performance of 40 hearing and 40 hearing-impaired children of preschool age (2 ½ to 5 ½ years) was compared on five nonverbal cognitive tasks and three subtests from the Perceptual Performance subscale of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (1972). For this set of tasks there was a significant effect of age consistent with a developmental change. A one-way MANCOVA on all dependent measures with age as the covariate revealed no significan

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Massoth, Neil A. "The McCarthy scales of Children's Abilities as a predictor of achievement: A five-year follow-up." Psychology in the Schools 22, no. 1 (1985): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(198501)22:1<10::aid-pits2310220103>3.0.co;2-l.

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Lynn, Richard, and Susan Hampson. "Intellectual abilities of Japanese children: An assessment of 212–812-year-olds derived from the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities." Intelligence 10, no. 1 (1986): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-2896(86)90026-7.

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Willoughby, Anne, Howard A. Moss, Van S. Hubbard, et al. "Developmental Outcome in Children Exposed to Chloride-Deficient Formula." Pediatrics 79, no. 6 (1987): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.6.851.

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The developmental outcome of 2- and 4-year-old children who had been exposed as infants to chloride-deficient formula was studied. A negative dose-response relationship was demonstrated between use of the formula without additional nutritional supplementation and cognitive outcome as measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Pearson r = –.55, P = .01) at 2 years of age. A similar negative relationship was demonstrated between this exclusive use of the defective formula and perceptual (Pearson r = –.51, P &lt; .05), motor (Pearson r = –.52, P &lt; .05), and fine motor (Pearso

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Eno, Lawrence, and Paula Woehlke. "Comparison of Achievement in Half-Day, Every-Day and All-Day, Alternate-Day Early Childhood Programs for Handicapped Children." Psychological Reports 60, no. 3 (1987): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.3.923.

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Because no report gives comparative performance of preschool handicapped children in all-day, alternate-day or half-day, every-day programs, in the present study the performance of 17 handicapped children from all-day, alternate-day programs was examined and 20 from half-day, every-day programs. Each child was given the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised, the California Preschool Social Competency Scale, and the Lollipop Test. Pretesting took place in September, 1984 and posttesting in May of 1985. The half-day, every-day children did not diffe

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Valencia, Richard R. "Erratum to “stability of the McCarthy Scales of Children's abilities over a one-year period for Mexican-American Children”." Psychology in the Schools 22, no. 2 (1985): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(198504)22:2<231::aid-pits2310220217>3.0.co;2-j.

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Goodman, Michael, Katherine Squibb, Eric Youngstrom, et al. "Using systematic reviews and meta-analyses to support regulatory decision making for neurotoxicants: lessons learned from a case study of PCBs." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 16, no. 7 (2011): 3207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232011000800020.

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We examined prospective cohort studies evaluating the relation between prenatal and neonatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and neurodevelopment in children to assess the feasibility of conducting a meta-analysis to support decision making. We described studies in terms of exposure and end point categorization, statistical analysis, and reporting of results. We used this evaluation to assess the feasibility of grouping studies into reasonably uniform categories. The most consistently used tests included Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, the neurologic optimality s

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Bellinger, David, Alan Leviton, Jone Sloman, Michael Rabinowitz, Herbert L. Needleman, and Christine Waternaux. "Low-Level Lead Exposure and Children's Cognitive Function in the Preschool Years." Pediatrics 87, no. 2 (1991): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.87.2.219.

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In a cohort of 170 middle and upper-middle class children participating in a prospective study of child development and low-level lead exposure, higher blood lead levels at age 24 months were associated with lower scores at age 57 months on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. The mean blood lead level at age 24 months was 6.8 µg/dL (SD = 6.3; 75th, 90th, and 99th percentiles: 8.8, 13.7, 23.6, respectively) and for all but 1 child was less than 25 µg/dL, the current definition of an "elevated" level. After adjustment for confounding, scores on the General Cognitive Index decreased appr

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Utens, Elisabeth M. W. J., Herma J. Versluis-Den Bieman, Maarten Witsenburg, Ad J. J. C. Bogers, Frank C. Verhulst, and John Hess. "Cognitive, and behavioural and emotional functioning of young children awaiting elective cardiac surgery or catheter intervention." Cardiology in the Young 11, no. 2 (2001): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795110100004x.

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Aims: To assess the cognitive, and behavioural and emotional functioning of children aged 3 months to 7 years shortly before elective cardiac surgery or elective interventional catheterisation. Methods: We used the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, to measure cognitive functioning. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to assess behavioural and emotional problems. Results: We found no significant differences in mean cognitive scores for children scheduled for cardiac surgery or interventional catheterisation when compared with reference group

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Shankaran, Seetha, Eunice Woldt, Jay Nelson, Mary Bedard, and Virginia Delaney-Black. "Antenatal Phenobarbital Therapy and Neonatal Outcome II: Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 36 Months." Pediatrics 97, no. 5 (1996): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.97.5.649.

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Objective. To evaluate the effect of antenatal phenobarbital (PB) therapy on neurodevelopmental outcome at 36 months. Design. Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Setting. Single-institution study. Subject and Interventions. Children born to women who participated in the study evaluating the effect of antenatal phenobarbital (PB) on neonatal intracranial hemorrhage were prospectively followed to 3 years of age. Outcome Measures. Physical growth, neurologic examinations, and developmental testing (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities). Comparisons between groups were made on all childr

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Sturner, Raymond A., Sandra G. Funk, and James A. Green. "Simultaneous Technique for Acuity and Readiness Testing (START): Further Concurrent Validation of an Aid for Developmental Surveillance." Pediatrics 93, no. 1 (1994): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.1.82.

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Study objective. A brief (8-minute) procedure, now called Simultaneous Technique for Acuity and Readiness Testing or START, has been shown to be efficacious for predicting developmental outcomes and a cost-effective screen for visual acuity. The objective of the two studies reported here was to examine the ability of this procedure to predict concurrent developmental outcome by using a new simplified scoring system. Design. A prospective design was used. Subjects were screened using START, and then samples were stratified on the basis of developmental screening results (START in study 1 and th

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Takser, Larissa, Georges Dellatolas, Rosemarie Bowler, Nathalie Laplante, and Guy Huel. "Predictive Factors of Manual Dexterity and Cognitive Performance at 17 Years: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study in a Rural Area of France." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 1 (2002): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.1.15.

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Studies of predictive factors of manual dexterity in adolescents and young adults are lacking. The present longitudinal study reports the relationships between cognitive and behavioural assessments at age 7 years and the schooling, cognitive performance, and manual dexterity at age 17 years. The participants were 65 schoolchildren, 30 boys and 35 girls, from a rural area in France. Assessment at age 7 years included the McCarthy scales and questionnaires measuring the behavior of the child, completed by the mother, the teacher, and the assessing psychologist. Assessment at age 17 years include

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Cole, Kevin N., Ilene S. Schwartz, Angela R. Notari, Philip S. Dale, and Paulette E. Mills. "Examination of the stability of two methods of defining specific language impairment." Applied Psycholinguistics 16, no. 1 (1995): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400006445.

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ABSTRACTTwo commonly applied methods of differentially classifying language-delayed children as either specifically language impaired or developmental lag language impaired (i.e., children with low IQ and low language performance) were examined for stability over 1-and 2-year periods. One classification method, following the DSM III.R guidelines, was based on an absolute cut-off level for performance on a measure of cognitive ability, in conjunction with other exclusionary criteria (i.e., language delay that is not the result of hearing loss, social– emotional disorder, etc.). The second class

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Funk, Sandra G., Raymond A. Sturner, and James A. Green. "Preschool prediction of early school performance: Relationship of McCarthy scales of children's abilities prior to school entry to achievement in kindergarten, first, and second grades." Journal of School Psychology 24, no. 2 (1986): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4405(86)90009-9.

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Willoughby, Anne, Barry I. Graubard, Anita Hocker, et al. "Population-Based Study of the Developmental Outcome of Children Exposed to Chloride-Deficient Infant Formula." Pediatrics 85, no. 4 (1990): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.4.485.

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In 1978 and 1979 a large number of US children were fed chloride-deficient soy-based infant formula. A representative sample of such children was identified in a southern county through a mailing to the homes of 3639 first- and second-grade children in the public schools. Of the 2329 (64%) who responded, 56 reported use of deficient formula and were invited to have developmental testing by one of four study psychologists at their school. Of the 310 users of other soy formulas, 112 were selected for testing as matched controls on the basis of their sex, feeding history, age, birth weight, and s

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Kapp-Simon, Kathleen A. "Mental Development and Learning Disorders in Children with Single Suture Craniosynostosis." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 35, no. 3 (1998): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0197_mdaldi_2.3.co_2.

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Objective This study examined the global intellectual development and presence/absence of learning disorders in children with nonsyndromic metopic, sagittal, and unilateral coronal synostosis who had early surgery (under 1 year of age), late surgery (over 1 year of age), or no surgery to correct the synos-tosis across three time periods. Design The design was longitudinal. Children were assessed at initial team evaluation, 1 year after surgery or initial evaluation if surgery was not performed, and annually thereafter. Participants Participants included 84 consecutively evaluated patients. Sev

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Halsey, Carey L., Craig L. Anderson, and Marc F. Collin. "Extremely Low Birth Weight Children and Their Peers: A Comparison of Preschool Performance." Pediatrics 91, no. 4 (1993): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.4.807.

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Though not well studied, extremely low birth weight (ELBW; (1000 g) appears to be a major risk factor for developmental disability, with most affected children experiencing school problems (40% to 64%) rather than severe handicap (25%). This study marks the first published US attempt to document prospectively the developmental/educational progress of a cohort of predominantly white, middle-class ELBW children with randomly selected and matched heavier birth weight (1500 through 2500 g and &gt;2500 g) peer comparison groups. Sixty ELBW children and 60 peers were administered a test battery

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Moreno-Villagómez, Julieta, Guillermina Yáñez-Téllez, Belén Prieto-Corona, Ana N. Seubert-Ravelo, and Antonio García. "Cognitive performance of preschool children with different types of non-syndromic craniosynostosis." Brain Impairment, June 15, 2020, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2020.7.

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Abstract Background: Craniosynostosis is defined as a premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. Several studies have revealed cognitive deficits in some children who had undergone surgery to treat craniosynostosis. However, no general distinction has been drawn in the cognitive abilities between the various types of craniosynostosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze if there is a difference in cognitive and motor function among the different types of non-syndromic craniosynostosis in preschool children. Methods: Twenty-seven children with different types of non-syndromic

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Andiarena, Ainara, Nekane Balluerka, Arantxa Gorostiaga, and Jesús Ibarluzea. "Neuropsychological Assessment at Preschool Age: Adaptation and Validation of the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities to 4 Year-old Basque-speaking Children." Spanish Journal of Psychology 20 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2017.49.

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AbstractEarly neuropsychological assessment provides important information for clinical practice and research. As previously no tool for neuropsychological assessment has been developed in or adapted to Basque, the aim of this study was to adapt and validate the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities for 4 years old children. The adaptation and validation of the original instrument followed the methodological steps established by the International Test Commission. We examined the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument in 273 Basque preschool children (aged between 4 years and 4 mon

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Leyre, Notario-Barandiaran, Diaz-Coto Susana, Jimenez-Redondo N., et al. "Latent Childhood Exposure to Mixtures of Metals and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in 4-5-Year-Old Children Living in Spain." Exposure and Health, October 31, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00610-8.

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Neurodevelopmental disorders are increasing globally, and metal exposure may play a significant role as an environmental factor. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify metal mixture patterns and assess their impact on children's neurodevelopment. Data from 962 children (aged 4-5 years) participating in the Spanish INMA cohort study were analysed. Urinary metal concentrations (cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and arsenic speciation) were used as exposure biomarkers. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four latent exposure variables re

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