Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'McColl'

This article focuses specifically on George McCall Theal’s collection of folktale texts, Kaffir Folklore (1882), as an example of an early South African ethnographic publication, and argues that the folktale transcriptions contained therein, although a part of Theal’s general colonialist project, are hybrid, containing the voices of both coloniser and colonised. The key argument is that the presence of the African voices in this text reveals simultaneously that Theal’s editorial aspirations were never absolutely imposed, and that agency and influence (albeit limited) of the colonised Xhosa co-authors were present. The article offers an analysis of the paratext (the preface, the introduction and the explanatory notes) of Kaffir Folkore, rather than a close reading of the tales themselves. To facilitate an understanding of Theal’s editorial practice, Kaffir Folkore is compared to Harold Scheub’s The Xhosa Ntsomi (1975). More generally, drawing on postcolonial folklore and book-history scholarship, the article explores how folklore texts of the colonial era, although contributing to the establishment of a literary and cultural orthodoxy in modern South Africa, constitute a telling hybrid genre, which invites a re-evaluation of colonial relations, and of individual texts themselves. In short, these texts synthesise different literary traditions (European and African), different mediums (the oral and the written), different disciplinary approaches (ethnography, folklore, literature), and most significantly, the voices of different subjects. Kaffir Folklore (1882) epitomises this synthesis

This thesis is about the life of David McCord and the contribution he made to Canadian public memory as founder of the McCord Museum of National History. In his McGilI-sponsored museum, founded in 1921, McCord sought to promote a myth of Canadian origins with narration provided by the objects of his personal collection. Integral to this history was the story of the McCord family, their arrival on this continent and their rise to social prominence. In McCord's version of Canadian history, family and personal myth were conflated with that of nation. Viewed through the prism of his collecting and museum work, McCord's life does not easily fit the Carlylean frame adopted by most biographers. In Canadian biographical writing by historians, the 'truth' about a person's life is revealed by following the modernist recipe of painstakingly recreating a detailed chronology of the individual's life. The approach followed here is an important departure from traditional political biography. Entry into McCord's life does not occur at his biological birth date, but at the moment of his own self-fashioned 'birthing', with the opening of the museum realized near the end of his life. In this biographical strategy, McCord's museum acts as a theatre of memory, where fragments of his life story are reassembled to create a narrative of national origins and of personal redemption. In his selection of objects and their display, and in the creation of an archive and the museum itself, McCord left a very elaborate and lasting record of his response to a set of changes associated with industrialization, a process which, in his lifetime, radically transformed the Montreal of his parents' generation. This thesis traces the connection between the creation of a public museum, founded to promote a collective vision of the Canadian past, and the private world of one collector whose collecting practice was defined as much by his own desire to remember and be remembered as it was by the kinds of objects he collected. What makes David McCord's life and collection so compelling is the opportunity it provides from understanding national history from the intimate perspective of one individual.

"McCloy war nicht einfach nur der Repräsentant Washingtons in Westdeutschland, sondern wirkte darüber hinaus als einflussreicher Akteur in der amerikanischen Politik, zumal er über einen direkten Draht zum Außenminister und zur Regierung verfügte. Aus gutbürgerlichen Verhältnissen stammend, hatte McCloy jahrelang als Anwalt in der New Yorker Wall Street gearbeitet..."

Thesis (MPhil (Afruikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
This descriptive case study is based on the translation of the first part of Alexander McCall Smith’s book, The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency, into Afrikaans. Examples of the type of translational problems that this translator experienced, as well as the strategies that were implemented to solve these problems, are discussed in an accompanying annotation. In this way the translator has attempted to explain her thought and decision-making processes during the translation process. Various concepts from translation studies theory, including foreignization and domestication, are discussed with reference to the practical translation, and support the solutions suggested for translational problems. This translator mainly used a foreignizing approach, although some degree of domestication was inevitable at times in order to avoid the alienation of target readers from the target text. The required characteristics of the target text and the knowledge and cultural background of the target readers are therefore also discussed, as both these factors played a defining role during the translation process. The need for Afrikaans literature between the so-called “high literature” and light romantic fiction is discussed, as this contributed to the choice of source text: according to this translator the translation of The No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency into Afrikaans will be able to help fill this gap. Although this translator understands that financial restrictions play a large role in publishers’ reluctance to publish translations, the statement is made that they should not accept without further ado that an Afrikaans translation will result in a financial loss if no research has been done into the possibilities of that specific translation. Recommendations regarding market research are made and the possibility of future study is indicated.

Aspen (Populus tremuloides) on the Gardiner Ranger District, Gallatin National Forest, have declined over the last half-century. In an attempt to reverse this trend, beaver (Castor canadensis) were reintroduced in Eagle Creek in 1991. Beaver promote aspen suckering through their dam and lodge building activities. In 2005, I assessed the long-term effects of beaver on aspen stands and the associated riparian area in the Eagle Creek Drainage. Aerial photographs taken in 1990 and 2005 were used to compare changes in riparian area vegetation where beaver were reintroduced. Aspen canopy cover decreased (P<0.05) from 43% to 25% on Eagle Creek (29 ha) between 1990 and 2005. Willow (Salix spp.) cover increased (P<0.05) from 10% to 14% and alder (Alnus incana) cover and water surface area doubled during the same period. Aspen recovery was estimated by comparing vegetative changes among control sites with <10% beaver use (n = 5), active beaver sites (n = 6), sites abandoned for 1-3 years (n = 7), sites abandoned for 4-6 years (n = 4), and sites abandoned for 7-11 years (n = 5). Thirty, 1-m² plots were used to determine aspen density and one 60-m² belt transect was used to calculate size-class distributions at each site. Aspen stem densities in active sites and sites abandoned by beaver for 1-3 years were similar (2.6/m²) and increased (P=0.01) compared to all other sites (1/m²). In addition, sprout and sapling densities were greater (P=0.01) in these sampling areas. However, aspen suckers were not able to grow taller than 2m on sites absent of beaver for 4-11 years, which prevented aspen recovery. Ungulate herbivory on aspen was assessed by comparing differences in 14 fenced (3 x 3m) and unfenced (3 x 3m) areas over 2 growing seasons. Growth rate of aspen suckers was greater (P=0.001) in fenced areas (32cm/year) compared to unfenced areas (0.25cm/year) due to ungulate herbivory. Total ungulate density for Eagle Creek was equivalent to 17.6 elk/km² in the winter of 2005-06. Beaver activity stimulated the growth of aspen sprouts and saplings, but ungulate herbivory prevented successful aspen recovery in Eagle Creek.

Dans le contexte actuel du changement climatique, les glaciers arctiques contribuent de manière importante à l’élévation du niveau marin. Parmi eux, les glaciers dits « polythermaux » sont relativement répandus mais leur comportement demeure toujours mal connu. Afin de mieux comprendre la réponse de ces glaciers aux modifications du climat, nous nous somme intéressés au glacier McCall, situé en Alaska arctique, une zone marquée par un réchauffement du climat relativement prononcé.

Nous avons utilisé les techniques modernes de radio-écho sondage (radar) et de modélisation numérique, en combinaison avec des observations et mesures de terrain, afin d’identifier les processus physiques responsables de l’évolution de ce glacier ces dernières décennies.

Les données radar ont permis de reconstituer la géométrie actuelle du glacier, de distinguer les zones de glace « froide » (dont la température est située sous le point de fusion) des zones de glace « chaude » (température au point de fusion), ainsi que de détecter la présence d’eau à la base du glacier.

Ces informations ont été introduites dans un modèle à deux dimensions d’écoulement de la glace, afin de simuler le retrait du glacier depuis le Petit Age de la Glace (fin du 19ème siècle) selon différents scenarios.

Les résultats montrent que le modèle est capable de simuler l’évolution du glacier ces dernières décennies de manière réaliste et que le glacier McCall peut-être considéré comme un bon indicateur du changement climatique. Ils démontrent également que le retrait du front du glacier est principalement dû aux perturbations de son bilan de masse, chaque jour plus négatif. Cependant, la percolation et le regel d’une partie de l’eau de fonte sont des processus essentiels pour expliquer le maintien du glacier. Ceux-ci ont pour effet d’ajouter de la glace à l’ensemble du système qui serait autrement perdue par écoulement et drainage. De plus, ils ont paradoxalement pour effet de diminuer la température de la glace et participent donc à ralentir sa perte de masse.

En conclusion, la tendance générale au retrait du glacier McCall se confirme pour les années à venir et sa disparition semble inévitable. Cependant, nos résultats suggèrent que cette évolution future pourrait être moins rapide qu’annoncé, en raison de phénomènes complexes de regel d’une partie de l’eau de fonte jouant un rôle « tampon » en contrebalançant les effets directs du réchauffement atmosphérique dans la région.

Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A terapia pró-droga/enzima direcionada por anticorpo (ADEPT) consiste em uma primeira etapa , no direcionamento de uma enzima veiculada por anticorpo à uma célula tumoral. Numa segunda etapa uma pró-droga inócua é administrada, e, na presença da enzima, produz compostos citotóxicos restritos à localização do tumor. O par enzima/pró-droga horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/ ácido 3- indol acético (IAA) tem sido aplicada nas estratégias ADEPT. Nesta combinação, o hormônio de planta não tóxico IAA é ativado para espécies citotóxicas pela ação catalítica da HRP. A elucidação das etapas e produtos da reação IAA/HRP levou uma série de moléculas produto a serem apontadas como responsáveis pelos efeitos citotóxicos sem que, até o presente momento, o mecanismo de citotoxicidade tenha sido elucidado. Nesse trabalho, utilizando-se células McCoy como alvo, foi constatado um efeito citotóxico dose dependente do sistema IAA/HRP, por necrose. Esse efeito é quase completamente abolido com a utilização de substâncias antioxidantes ou em anaerobiose. Também foi estudado o uso de um Ester derivado do IAA, o Etil Ester do IAA, como uma nova combinação citotóxica pró-droga/ enzima. Foi constatado que a HRP isolada não consegue catalizar a oxidação do Etil Ester do IAA na ausência de uma enzima adicional (esterase). Dessa forma, pode-se controlar a citotoxicidade do IAA pelo uso de duas enzimas, HRP e esterase. Finalmente, foram apresentadas evidências da aplicação potencial da tríade: Etil Ester IAA/ esterase/ HRP como uma estratégia potencial para a metodologia ADEPT e correlata.
The antibody-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (ADEPT) in a first stage, it’s directed to an enzyme carried to an antibody to a tumor cell. In a second stage a pro-drug harmless is administered, and in the presence of the enzyme, produces cytotoxic compounds restricted the location of the tumor. The pair enzyme / pro-drug horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/ 3 - indole acetic acid (IAA) has been applied in ADEPT strategies. In this combination, the nontoxic plant hormone nontoxic IAA is activated for cytotoxic species by the action of catalytic HRP. The elucidation of the steps and products of the reaction IAA/ HRP led to a series of product molecules identified as being responsible for cytotoxic effects, without, so far, the mechanism of cytotoxicity has been elucidated. In this work, using cells McCoy as a target, we have seen a cytotoxic effect dosedependent system IAA/ HRP, for necrosis. This effect is almost completely abolished with the use of antioxidant substances or oxygen depletion. We also studied the use of an Ester derived from the IAA, the Ethyl Ester of the IAA, as a new combination cytotoxic pro-drug/ enzyme. We have seen that the HRP alone can not catalyze the oxidation of Ethyl Ester of the IAA in the absence of an additional enzyme (esterase). Thus, we can control the cytotoxicity of the IAA for the use of two enzymes, HRP and esterase. Finally, we showed evidence of the potential application of the triad: Ethyl Ester IAA/esterase/ HRP as a potential strategy for the methodology ADEPT and correlates.

The Medievalist and philosophical Theologian Marilyn McCord Adams argues that the standard treatments of evil in Anglo-American philosophy of religeon are overtly abstract respecting both evil and God. She contends that the typical focus on moral evil detracts from attention to horrendous evils, or horrific individual suffering, which is the most difficult class of evils to reconcile with the Christian faith. Adams also argues that we can satisfactorily account for why horrors occur and how God can defeat them if and only if we interpret God and creatures as being ontologically incommensurate, which precludes the commonplace among analytic philosophers that divine goodness is moral goodness. on Adams's interpretation, these moves will require substantial reworkings of traditional Christian teachings on sin, eschatology, and related doctrines.

Resumo: A terapia pró-droga/enzima direcionada por anticorpo (ADEPT) consiste em uma primeira etapa , no direcionamento de uma enzima veiculada por anticorpo à uma célula tumoral. Numa segunda etapa uma pró-droga inócua é administrada, e, na presença da enzima, produz compostos citotóxicos restritos à localização do tumor. O par enzima/pró-droga horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/ ácido 3- indol acético (IAA) tem sido aplicada nas estratégias ADEPT. Nesta combinação, o hormônio de planta não tóxico IAA é ativado para espécies citotóxicas pela ação catalítica da HRP. A elucidação das etapas e produtos da reação IAA/HRP levou uma série de moléculas produto a serem apontadas como responsáveis pelos efeitos citotóxicos sem que, até o presente momento, o mecanismo de citotoxicidade tenha sido elucidado. Nesse trabalho, utilizando-se células McCoy como alvo, foi constatado um efeito citotóxico dose dependente do sistema IAA/HRP, por necrose. Esse efeito é quase completamente abolido com a utilização de substâncias antioxidantes ou em anaerobiose. Também foi estudado o uso de um Ester derivado do IAA, o Etil Ester do IAA, como uma nova combinação citotóxica pró-droga/ enzima. Foi constatado que a HRP isolada não consegue catalizar a oxidação do Etil Ester do IAA na ausência de uma enzima adicional (esterase). Dessa forma, pode-se controlar a citotoxicidade do IAA pelo uso de duas enzimas, HRP e esterase. Finalmente, foram apresentadas evidências da aplicação potencial da tríade: Etil Ester IAA/ esterase/ HRP como uma estratégia potencial para a metodologia ADEPT e correlata.
Abstract: The antibody-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (ADEPT) in a first stage, it's directed to an enzyme carried to an antibody to a tumor cell. In a second stage a pro-drug harmless is administered, and in the presence of the enzyme, produces cytotoxic compounds restricted the location of the tumor. The pair enzyme / pro-drug horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/ 3 - indole acetic acid (IAA) has been applied in ADEPT strategies. In this combination, the nontoxic plant hormone nontoxic IAA is activated for cytotoxic species by the action of catalytic HRP. The elucidation of the steps and products of the reaction IAA/ HRP led to a series of product molecules identified as being responsible for cytotoxic effects, without, so far, the mechanism of cytotoxicity has been elucidated. In this work, using cells McCoy as a target, we have seen a cytotoxic effect dosedependent system IAA/ HRP, for necrosis. This effect is almost completely abolished with the use of antioxidant substances or oxygen depletion. We also studied the use of an Ester derived from the IAA, the Ethyl Ester of the IAA, as a new combination cytotoxic pro-drug/ enzyme. We have seen that the HRP alone can not catalyze the oxidation of Ethyl Ester of the IAA in the absence of an additional enzyme (esterase). Thus, we can control the cytotoxicity of the IAA for the use of two enzymes, HRP and esterase. Finally, we showed evidence of the potential application of the triad: Ethyl Ester IAA/esterase/ HRP as a potential strategy for the methodology ADEPT and correlates.
Orientador: Luiz Marcos da Fonseca
Coorientador: Valdecir Farias Ximenes
Banca: Maria das Graças Carvalho
Banca: Eliana Aparecida Varanda
Mestre

Thesis advisor: Patrick H. Byrne
My first aim in this dissertation is to elucidate Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus through the writings of Bernard Lonergan, SJ. My second aim is to elucidate Lonergan’s thought by adducing it, in action, in Oedipus Tyrannus. Instead of analyzing what a classical text means to its own time and place, I undertake a philosophy of classics, exploring various philosophical problems by using Sophoclean texts. The paper incidentally discloses an interpretation of Oedipus Tyrannus that is at odds with some of the leading authors in the secondary literature while remaining consonant with others. I use Woodruff and Meineck’s 2003 translation of Theban Plays throughout because I find the translation refreshing. It is my hope that this paper, like all good papers, raises more questions than answers. In Chapter 1, I recruit Lonergan’s three basic observations about human knowing to explain Oedipus’ cognitive journey over the course of the play. First, Lonergan notes that underpinning all human knowing is the spirit of inquiry; the pure, unrestricted desire to know, which Lonergan calls “the supreme heuristic notion.” Second, he observes that the structure of human knowing is invariant. No matter who you are – mathematician, scientist, commonsense knower, etc. – all human knowing follows a dynamic but invariant structure Lonergan calls the “self-correcting cycle of learning.” This cycle moves from inquiry to insight to judgment to decision. Third, this invariant, self-correcting cycle, underpinned by the pure unrestricted desire to know, operates within dynamically shifting patterns of consciousness, modes of human knowing, that are circumscribed by our concerns, expressed by the kinds of questions we ask. Human consciousness is “polymorphic.” Using these three points as touchstones, I elucidate the dynamism of Oedipus’ cognitional structure by tracing the self-correcting sequence of his 132 questions until he arrives at his famous insight, which is simultaneously a virtually unconditioned judgment, expressed by his cry: Oh! Oh! It all comes clear! Light, let me look at you one last time. I am exposed – born to forbidden parents, joined In forbidden marriage, I brought forbidden death (Lines 1181-1185). With the concrete situation known and understood with clarity (σαφής), Oedipus’ consciousness should now become sublated into the structure of ethical intentionality. This sublation occurs the moment an agent says, “Okay. I understand and know the situation. Now, what should I do?” Typically, an agent begins to ask questions of value, questions which, in Patrick H. Byrne’s words, intend “practical insights into possible courses of action.” The goal of questions for intelligence and questions for judgment is to grasp, respectively, understanding and a virtually unconditioned judgment of fact. Likewise, the goal of questions of value is to “grasp of virtually unconditioned value” until, ultimately, a judgment can be made about that value in a decision which implements the value in action. Instead of “ascending” into an “ethics of discernment,” however, Oedipus’ development remains arrested, in a static state of undistorted affectivity that makes moral conversion impossible. The play ends with Oedipus hovering in a liminal state, somewhere between Lonergan’s rational consciousness and rational self-consciousness. This liminal position of distorted affectivity lends credence to Marina McCoy’s claim that, “Sophocles does not reject the rational in favor of a tragic vision that is anti-rational or non-rational; rather, the rational itself includes an affective element.” In Chapter 2, I point out the various “interferences” in the dynamic, self-correcting sequence which I argue imbues Oedipus’ journey with its especially tragic and ironic dimension. I argue that the tragedy (and irony) of the play pivot on the “polymorphism” of Oedipus’ consciousness. A corollary to this argument is that we may understand some of the muddled thinking and the bitter intersubjective quarrels in the play – including but not limited to Oedipus v. Tiresias, Oedipus v. Creon and Oedipus v. Jocasta – through the prism of Lonergan’s discussion of “bias.” My discussion of bias naturally leads to an interpretation of the play that finds Sophocles indicting, not wisdom per se, as Nietzsche argued, but those who fail to understand what it means to correctly understand; those, in other words, who would deign to reduce understanding to a simple matter of “taking a look,” to use Lonergan’s phrase. I argue that the symbolism in the drama staunchly affirms Lonergan’s well-known claim that, “What is obvious in knowing is, indeed, looking. Compared to looking, insight is obscure, and the grasp of the unconditioned is doubly obscure. But empiricism amounts to the assumption that what is obvious in knowing is what knowing obviously is.” In Chapter 3, I enlarge the focus of my analysis from Oedipus’ single consciousness to the milieu in which that consciousness operates – Corinth, Thebes and, finally, Colonus. Viewed through a prism of Lonergan’s social theory, Thebes, and to a lesser extent Corinth, become exempla of “cities in decline,” symbolized generally by their hostility to questioning which, specifically, allows various biases to reign. I discuss the Greek concept of pollution, beginning with the familiar distinction between agos and miasma, and suggest that we may treat the idea of pollution in Oedipus Tyrannus as a metaphor for what Lonergan’s called the “long cycle of decline” and its root cause, “general bias,” the unprincipled privileging of the immediate and concrete over that which is non-present. The byproduct of this bias is “the social surd.” In an essay entitled, “The Absence of God in Modern Culture,” Lonergan notes, in cultures exists the “disastrous possibility of a conflict between human living as it can be lived and human living as a cultural superstructure dictates it should be lived.” I argue that there many junctures in the play in which the failure of insight and the triumph of oversight is compounded by if not caused by the dictates of Theban and Corinthian cultures, starting with Laius and Jocasta’s decision to murder their child, a choice which is then echoed by Polybus and Merope’s choice to suppress the truth of their son’s origin. I then point out that the most obvious operative bias here is group bias, symbolized by various characters’ commitment to violent patriarchy which neglects female voices of reason. I show, following McCoy and Christopher Long, that Colonus, courtesy of Theseus’ leadership, represents a possible antidote to this group bias through healing love. As Oedipus says of the space of Colonus in 1125, “In all my wanderings, this is the only place/Where I have found truth, honor and justice./I am well aware of how much I stand in your debt,/Without your help I would have nothing at all.” For Lonergan, if the mischief of bias is to be conquered, the ultimate ground for that conquering will come from a liberation outside the agent’s own native resources. Colonus gives us a glimpse of this third mode of self-transcendence, religious conversion, which, for Lonergan, is an unrestricted being in love with a “mysterious, uncomprehended God.” On the one hand, this viewpoint would seem to represent a juncture at which Lonergan’s thought simply does not and cannot apply to a classical text, such as Oedipus Tyrannus or Oedipus at Colonus. Lonergan’s notion of unrestricted being in love (with God) and his further distinctions of operative and cooperative grace would seem to be anachronistic. And yet, Lonergan claims that unrestricted being in love is “interpreted differently in the context of different religious traditions.” I argue that there is a sense in which Theseus’ almost otherworldly commitment to reverence (aidos) for the sacred space of Colonus, and his compassionate commitment to care for the stranger (xenia), more closely approximates or, at the very least, anticipates the almost supernatural dynamism of the authentic moral conversion Lonergan seems to have in mind. There are moments, in other words, in which Theseus relies on the dynamism of his own native intelligence and others in which something beyond him seems to be at work, as if a precursor to the supernatural moral disposition of the father in Luke’s “Parable of the Prodigal Son.” I conclude this chapter by noting that implicit in my argument is the premise that Oedipus Tyrannus cannot be read without adverting to Oedipus Colonus, without which the full sweep of the conquering of bias cannot be appreciated. From this premise I then deduce that the pessimistic Nietzschean reading of Oedipus Tyrannus, at the very least, requires more context. And while it is certainly possible to read Tyrannus separately from Colonus, insofar as they are not part of a traditional cycle, including Colonus in an analysis of Tyrannus discloses a further development in Sophocles’ thought that we may use to retroactively assess Tyrannus philosophically, especially vis-à-vis nihilism. Chapter 4 is devoted to a discussion of Lonergan’s metaphysics of human freedom and its relation to willingness, moral impotence and liberation. Here I apply Lonergan’s rich and complicated discussion of human freedom in Insight to offer a viewpoint that is contrary to deterministic readings of the play. In Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge, Charles Segal advises us that to offer any fresh approach to Oedipus Tyrannus one must “remove a few layers of misconception.” Segal’s first misconception is this: “This is not a play about free will versus determinism.” He adds that “the issues of destiny, predetermination, and foreknowledge are raised as problems, not as dogma.” I will suggest here that if this assessment is accurate, the unintended irony of the play is that it nevertheless affirms a principle (dogma?) in spite of itself: that human freedom is enlarged by human intelligence, insofar as intelligence specifies, via practical insights and practical judgments of facts and values, a range of choices for the will to select. It follows that ignorance, bias and moral impotence, in blocking or shrinking this range of choices, limit our effective freedom to the point at which we are incapable of fully actualizing our essential freedom. Here I recruit Lonergan’s provocative image of the “surrounding penumbra” to describe “moral impotence,” in which he says, “Further, these areas are not fixed; as he develops, the penumbra penetrates into the shadow and the luminous area into the penumbra while, inversely, moral decline is a contraction of the luminous area and of the penumbra.” This image is particularly apt in describing the ways in which Oedipus enlarges the “luminous area” when he is authentically questioning, only to watch it contract into darkness when he is not – an equation symbolized by the Sophoclean trope of blindness. Finally, in an “Epilogue,” I conclude with some observations about the way in which Sophocles is often presented in undergraduate philosophy classes. I concur with Yoram Hazony who writes, in The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture, “I do not believe the dichotomy between faith and reason is very helpful in understanding the diversity of human intellectual orientations.” Likewise, it is unclear to me as to whether couching Athens as somehow opposed to Jerusalem is good pedagogical practice. In a similar mode, equally unclear to me is whether couching Sophocles as somehow opposed to Socrates, Plato and Aristotle is good practice. Yes, contradistinction has its pedagogical merits, but it can also wash away nuance. I then suggest, by way of a conclusion, that if we must have a dichotomy, a better alternative, even pedagogically speaking, may be to use Lonergan’s dichotomy of the friendly or unfriendly universe. For ultimately, we are faced with one existential question: is our universe a friendly one? In Method in Theology, Lonergan asks, poignantly: "Is moral enterprise consonant with this world?...is the universe on our side, or are we just gamblers and, if we are gamblers, are we not perhaps fools, individually struggling for authenticity and collectively endeavoring to snatch progress from the ever mounting welter of decline? The questions arise and, clearly, our attitudes and our resoluteness may be profoundly affected by the answers. Does there or does there not necessarily exists a transcendent, intelligent ground of the universe? Is that ground or are we the primary instance of moral consciousness? Are cosmogenesis, biological evolution, historical process basically cognate to us as moral beings or are they different and so alien to us?" The phrase “friendly universe” comes a bit later in the text, when Lonergan adds, “Faith places human efforts in a friendly universe; it reveals an ultimate significance in human achievement; it strengthens new undertakings with confidence” (117, my italics). Notice the connection Lonergan adduces between religious conversion, or the unrestricted being in love with God, as the ground of the friendly universe. And yet, as I mentioned earlier, this unrestricted being in love is, as Lonergan points out, “interpreted differently in the context of different religious traditions.” After all, Socrates was no Christian; but he did believe the universe was friendly. In this context, I argue that Sophocles ought to be aligned with Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, not to mention most Biblical texts, against the truly opposed counter-position, “nihilism.” While it is certainly true that, in Oedipus, Sophocles heard that “eternal note of sadness on the Aegean,” as Matthew Arnold once wrote, Sophocles also seems to have heard in Colonus a note of compassion and wisdom and love and the hope for a construction of a community in which human striving is not in vain. As Oedipus tells his daughters, But there is one small word that can soothe – And that is ‘love.’ I loved you more than Anyone else could ever love, but now Your lives must go on without me. (1610-1619)
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy

No Gondwana, durante o Eopermiano, várias associações paleoflorísticas desenvolveram-se em sucessivas condições periglaciais ou interglaciais/interestadiais e pós-glaciais, designadas floras pré-glossopterídeas, protoglossopterídeas / Gangamopteris e Glossopteris. A diversidade florística de cada região gondvânica esteve condicionada à proximidade, distanciamento ou mesmo à ausência ou retirada de geleiras. No estado de São Paulo, desenvolveram-se e preservaram-se tafofloras pré-glossopterídeas (como as de Itapeva, Buri e Monte-Mor) e tafofloras de protoglossopterídeas / Gangamopteris como as de Tietê (à margem do rio Capivari, estrada Tietê-Piracicaba), de Cesário Lange e de Cerquilho, todas associadas a carvões. A diversidade florística de cada região gondvânica esteve condicionada à proximidade, distanciamento ou mesmo à ausência ou retirada de geleiras. Este trabalho analisa a tafoflora interglacial do \"sítio Toca do Índio\", situada cerca de 9 km a sudoeste da cidade de Cerquilho, SP, tendo em vista a necessidade de revisão e complementação dos estudos tafonômico, morfográfico e taxonômico dessa tafoflora interglacial, enfatizando seus componentes protoglossopterídeos e glossopterídeos e de buscar melhor posicionamento desta tafoflora na coluna bioestratigráfica, revisando sua antiguidade e estágio evolutivo de seus integrantes gangamopteróides e possíveis interpretações paleoecológicas, paleogeográficas e paleoclimáticas. Entre quase 400 espécimes, depositados na coleção paleontológica do Instituto de Geociências da USP, envolvendo folhas, caules, sementes, frutificações, raízes, etc., cerca de 70 correspondem a gangamopterídeas ou cordaitales. Os fitofósseis estão preservados na forma de impressões/raras compressões. Apresentam-se, em geral, dispostos horizontalmente nos estratos como folhas isoladas, desarticuladas, ou mais raramente ocorrendo em tufos de três a quatro folhas conectadas. Esparsas na matriz, raramente se apresentam paralelas umas às outras, mas normalmente, estão em disposição caótica na superfície dos estratos. Foram preparados mecanicamente, com limpeza e liberação das partes recobertas pela matriz, utilizando marteletes, estiletes, talhadeiras, etc., bem como identificação preliminar de todos os componentes da coleção. Foram feitos: exame do material Dissertação de Mestrado HOELZEL 2014 8 sob estereomicroscópio, procedendo à mensuração linear e de ângulos, descrição da morfologia dos espécimes foliares e de sua venação; documentação gráfica, com obtenção de fotomacrografias e fotomicrografias dos espécimes descritos, desenhos em câmara clara e sobre fotos ampliadas digitalmente, e bem como comparações com espécies já identificadas, na literatura paleobotânica pertinente. Algumas reflexões foram feitas sobre \"a evolução da arquitetura foliar do gênero Gangamopteris McCoy 1860, em sucessões paleoflorísticas gondvânicas brasileiras e sua comparação com as indianas\", na forma de um artigo aqui incluído. Numerosos trabalhos anteriores registraram, para a tafoflora do \"sítio Toca do Índio\", os seguintes componentes: Paracalamites australis, Phyllotheca australis, Stephanophyllites sanpaulensis, Cordaites, Rubidgea obovata, R. lanceolata, R. lanceolata var. truncata, R. itapemensis, Gangamopteris angustifolia, G. obovata, G. stephensonii, G. dolianitii, G. roesleri, Fertiliger tipo Brasiloide, Arberia minasica, A. sp, Arberiopsis boureaui, A.sp, Samaropsis cerquilhensis, Cordaicarpus brasilianus, Samaropsis rigbyi, S. dolianitii, S. tietensis, S. moreirana, S. goraiensis, S. rohnii, S. rugata e Paranocladus. A revisão dos elementos protoglossopterídeos e gangamopterídeos levou a restringir, por sinonímia, sua composição a Gangamopteris angustifolia, G. buriadica (agora reconhecida na tafoflora), G. obovata, G. stephensonii, G. dolianitii e G. roesleri. Sua alta diversidade específica, na comparação com as tafofloras do sul da bacia do Paraná, da Formação La Golondrina, da Argentina e Talchir inferior da Índia, ressalta seu caráter primitivo e de possível centro dispersor do gênero. O aspecto bioestratinômico, muitas vezes tridimensionalmente disposto, de alguns fitofósseis na rocha matriz, corrobora a hipótese de deposição em ambiente com possível remoção e / ou ressedimentação por ação de empurrão de gelo ou movimentação por densas águas de degelo.
On the Gondwana during the Early Permian, several paleofloristic associations developed in successive periglacial or interglacial / interestadial and post-glacial conditions, designated Pre-Glossopteris flora, protoglossopterids / Gangamopteris flora and Glossopteris flora. The floristic diversity of each Gondwanian region was affected by the proximity, distance or even the absence or withdrawal of glaciers. In the state of São Paulo, were developed and preserved pre -glossopterids taphoflora (as Itapeva, Buri and Monte-Mor) and protoglossopterids / Gangamopteris taphofloras as of Tietê (border of the Capivari river, Tietê -Piracicaba road), Cesario Lange and Cerquilho all associated with coals seams. This paper analyzes the interglacial taphoflora of \"sítio Toca do Índio\", located about 9 km southwest of the city of Cerquilho, SP, due to the need for revision and complementing of taphonomic, morphographic and taxonomic studies of this interglacial taphoflora emphasizing its protoglossopterid and glossopterid components and get this taphoflora better positioning in the stratigraphic column reviewing its antiquity and evolutionary stage of its gangamopteroid members and possible paleoecological, paleogeographic and paleoclimatic interpretations. Among almost 400 specimens, deposited in the Institute of Geosciences of USP paleontological collection, involving leaves, stems, seeds, fruiting, root, etc.., About 70 correspond to gangamopterids or cordaitales.The plant fossils are preserved as rare impressions / compressions. They appear, in general, arranged horizontally in layers as isolated leaves, disjointed, or more rarely occurring in clusters of three to four connected leaves. Scattered in the matrix, rarely occur parallel to each other, but usually are in a chaotic arrangement on the layers surface. The specimens were mechanically prepared with cleaning and releasing from matrix fragments recovering parts of them by using hammers, cutters, slitters, etc., as well as preliminary identification of all components of the collection. Examination of the material under stereomicroscope, proceeding to linear measurement and angles, description of foliar specimens morphology and venation; graphic documentation, obtaining photomacrographs and photomicrographs of the specimens described, camera lucida and on digitally magnified photos drawings as well as comparison with species already identified in the relevant paleobotany literature were made. Some reflections were made on \"the evolution of leaf architecture of the genre Gangamopteris McCoy 1860 in Brazilian Gondwanan paleofloristic sequences and its comparison with the Indian ones in the form of an article included here. Numerous previous studies reported, for the taphoflora \"sítio Toca do Índio\", the following components: Paracalamites australis, Phyllotheca australis, Stephanophyllites sanpaulensis, Cordaites, Rubidgea obovata, R. lanceolata, R. lanceolata var. truncata, R. itapemensis, Gangamopteris angustifolia, G. obovata, G. stephensonii, G. dolianitii, G. roesleri, Fertiliger tipo Brasiloide, Arberia minasica, A. sp, Arberiopsis boureaui, A.sp, Samaropsis cerquilhensis, Cordaicarpus brasilianus, Samaropsis rigbyi, S. dolianitii, S. tietensis, S. moreirana, S. goraiensis, S. rohnii, S. rugata and Paranocladus. The revision of the protoglossopterid and gangamopterid elements led to restrict, by synonymy, their membership to Gangamopteris angustifolia, G. buriadica (now recognized in the taphoflora), G. obovata, G. stephensonii, G. dolianitii and G. roesleri. Its high species diversity in comparison with taphofloras from the southern area of the Paraná Basin, of the La Golondrina Formation, Argentina and lower Talchir from India, emphasizes its primitive character and of a putative dispersal center of the genus. The biostratinomic aspect, often three-dimensionally arranged of some fossil specimens in the matrix rock, corroborates the hypothesis of deposition in environment with possible removal and / or resedimentation influenced by action of ice push or by turnover caused by dense water defrost.

Through a post-modern lens, I will primarily focus on comics books published by Marvel Comics to demonstrate the myriad of ways in which graphic literature is used as a subversive tool of sociopolitical discourse. I will demonstrate this by deconstructing and redefining the role of myth as a means of transferring ethical practices through societies and the ways in which graphic literature serves this function within the space of a modern and increasingly atheistic society. The thesis first demonstrates how the American Civil Rights Movement was metaphorically translated and depicted to the pages of Marvel’s X-Men comics to expose its primarily white/ male readership to the plight of discriminated Black Americans through the juxtaposition of depicting white super heroes who represented the segregated experiences of othered or unwanted communities. Secondly, the X-Man Beast is closely analyzed to demonstrate the ways in which the rhetoric and depictions of graphic literature are altered through decades of publication to adapt its messages of social tolerance and peaceful coexistence to its contemporary audiences.

Malaria has been a major driving force in the evolution of the human genome. In sub-Saharan African populations, two neighbouring polymorphisms in the Complement Receptor 1 (CR1) gene, named Swain-Langley (Sl2) and McCoy (McCb), occur at high frequencies, consistent with selection by malaria. This thesis investigates the association between these two polymorphisms and severe malaria. Previous studies into this area have produced conflicting findings. Using a large case-control study of severe malaria in Kenyan children and statistical models adjusted for confounders, I found that the Sl2 polymorphism was associated with markedly reduced odds of cerebral malaria and death, while the McCb polymorphism was associated with increased odds of cerebral malaria. I also identified an interaction between Sl2 and α+thalassaemia, with the protective association of Sl2 greatest in children with normal α-globin. Following these epidemiological findings, I explored potential biological hypotheses which might explain them. The first approach examined whether the Sl2 and McCb polymorphisms affected how CR1 forms clusters on erythrocyte membranes, a process which is key in the binding and transfer of immune complexes from erythrocytes to macrophages. Using erythrocytes from Kenyan children, I performed immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) with confocal microscopy to quantify CR1 cluster number and volume. I found no association between the Sl2 and McCb polymorphisms and either the number or volume of CR1 clusters formed. The second approach investigated whether the cerebral malaria-specific associations seen with Sl2 and McCb might be due to expression of CR1 by human brain endothelial cells (HBEC). The immortalised cell line HBEC-5i was investigated for expression of CR1 using IFA, flow cytometry, western blotting, functional C3b degradation assays, mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation and siRNA knockdown experiments. A pool of α-CR1 monoclonal antibodies recognised an intracellular antigen in permeabilised HBEC-5i cells which was a similar molecular weight to CR1 on western blotting. However, when the α-CR1 monoclonal antibodies were tested individually, only E11 recognised an HBEC-5i antigen. Further investigative approaches did not support the presence of CR1 on HBEC-5i cells, instead suggesting that E11 was not specific for CR1 and was instead recognising a protein in the Golgi apparatus. The final approach was to examine whether the Sl2 and McCb polymorphisms might influence the binding of the complement components mannose binding lectin, C1q and L-ficolin to the LHR-D region of CR1. I aimed to generate recombinant proteins of the LHR-D region which included the polymorphisms. Site-directed mutagenesis of the region was successful and subcloning and expression of the mutant amplicons will be performed at a later date. In summary, I have identified opposing associations between the Sl2 and McCb polymorphisms and cerebral malaria, which do not appear to be due to differences in CR1 clustering or expression of CR1 by human brain endothelial cells. My investigation into whether the polymorphisms might influence complement component binding is ongoing.

This thesis explores solo performance in New Zealand. That solo performance has been widely used in New Zealand's relatively brief theatre history is usually ascribed to the economy, manoeuvrability and adaptability of the form - common reasons for the popularity of solo performance elsewhere as well. But this thesis considers solo performance as a kind of theatre that has been suited to New Zealand in a distinctive way. In particular, I argue that solo performance has emerged on the margins of mainstream theatre in New Zealand as a means of actively engaging with a sense of isolation that typifies the post-colonial New Zealand experience. The ability of the solo performance to move between remote rural settlements and urban centres has connected these New Zealand communities in a way that is unusual for theatre in New Zealand. Furthermore, a solo performer speaking directly to an audience about the experience of living in New Zealand allows for an intimate interaction with a traditionally stoic and laconic masculine society. In this thesis, I make a case for three solo performances where it is possible to see, in the representation of a search for what it means to be a New Zealander, a theatrical contribution to nation-building: The End of the Golden Weather (1959), Coaltown Blues (1984) and Michael James Manaia (1991). However, in a subsequent chapter, I look at solo performances in New Zealand that might better be understood within global movements such as feminism and multiculturalism. I argue that this shift has depleted the power that the form once held to comment upon New Zealand identity and to assist in the search for national identity. I conclude the thesis by considering how ongoing theatre practice may be informed by the experience of solo performance in New Zealand.

In this paper, I explore the early musical language of McCoy Tyner. Today, Tyner is recognized mostly for his use of quartal harmony and pentatonic scales despite having made recordings in his early career that reflect a more mainstream approach. In an effort to expand how Tyner is represented, I argue that Tyner's early style was characterized by a graceful balance of tradition and innovation, a masterful blend of bebop syntax with pentatonic melodies and quartal harmonies. The recordings that I analyze and discuss are: "Effendi," "Cousin Mary," and "Newport Romp." I transcribed and analyzed selected portions of these recordings in order to better understand his early musical language as a soloist from 1962 to 1963. A portion of this paper is focused on the early reception of Tyner, which acknowledged him as an accomplished mainstream player with a firm grasp of the jazz tradition. Ultimately, my analysis shows that Tyner's early style was a balance of tradition and innovation, incorporating bebop syntax, pentatonic melodies, and quartal harmonies.

Includes bibliographical references
Integration is an important emerging health systems issue, which has relevance to different health programmes. Improving prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs in South Africa would reduce preventable maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, assist with achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, and help in the response to the WHO call for the elimination of MTCT, the new international PMTCT goal. Integrating PMTCT care into routine maternal and child health programmes has been recommended as a way to optimize PMTCT care. The Part B literature review in this dissertation examines the reasons why PMTCT programmes need to engage with integration as an issue, challenges to implementing integrated programmes, followed by a discussion of the benefits and lessons to consider in planning integrated PMTCT programmes. Theoretical concepts and frameworks such as Atun's framework, complexity, Theory of Change and innovation in health systems are discussed, as they have key relevance to the research findings. Lessons about implementing health system changes can be learned from programmes which have done so successfully. Using Case Study methodology, the process of developing the fully integrated longitudinal clinic at McCord Hospital is described in Part C, and reflections on the experience of providing integrated care are captured through qualitative interviews with the staff. Recommendations regarding innovation and change within complex systems are made, emphasizing the need to understand contexts which are receptive to change and the importance of leadership in managing change.

O estudo de prevalência do vírus rábico foi realizado em uma amostra de morcegos capturados na Mata Atlântica da região sudeste do Brasil. Os morcegos são um dos principais reservatórios silvestres do vírus rábico. No Brasil existem aproximadamente 144 espécies de morcegos, e pouco se sabe sobre a circulação do vírus rábicos nessas espécies. Foram realizadas estimativas – com duas metodologias de isolamento - para detectar a presença do vírus rábico na população estudada. Os resultados foram obtidos pelo cruzamento entre a variável infectividade (presença de vírus rábico) e as variáveis epidemiológicas (espécies de morcegos, sexo, idade, local de captura ). Observou-se que o método de isolamento que utiliza as células McCoy isolou com maior facilidade vírus de morcegos insetívoros, além de apresentar maior capacidade de detectar a infecção na fase latente (subclínica). Já as células N2A foram mais eficientes na detecção do vírus rábico em morcegos hematófagos D. rotundus. As duas metodologias utilizadas apresentaram maior proporção de isolamento do vírus rábico em morcegos insetívoros, nectarívoros e fitófagos. Tais resultados sugerem que os morcegos insetívoros desempenham importante papel na manutenção do vírus no reservatório cuja população foi estudada. Também foi possível constatar que a circulação do vírus ocorre inter e intra-espécies, mas estudos especificamente desenhados para avaliar esse aspecto devem ser implementados.
The prevalence study of the rabies virus was carried out in a sample of bats captured in the Brazilian southeastern São Paulo. Bats are one of the main wild reservoirs of the rabies virus. Brazil holds 144 species of bats and little is know about the circulation of such virus in these species. Two metodologies were used for the estimates of the presence of the rabies virus in the captured in the Parque Estadual Intervales. The results were obtained crossing the variable (presence of rabies virus) with epidemiological variables (bat species, sex, age, site of capture). The McCoy cell line method proved isolating more easily the virus of insectivorous bats besides presenting more capability of detection of infection in the latent phase (sub-clinic phase). On the other hand the N2A cell line were more efficient in detecting the rabies virus in D. rotundus hematophagous bats. It was also observed that for both cells the insectivorous, nectarivorous and phytophagous bats presented higher rabies virus isolation proportion. These results suggest that insectivorous bats play in important role in the maintence of the virus in this reservoir. Although could also be observed that the circulation of the virus occurs intra and inter species, but studies specially designed to asses this issue must be re-evaluated.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xxxvii, 556 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 505-530).

Imagine a theater. Build one in your mind. I do not care if it is the largest theater in the universe or if it is the size of a shoebox. The theater can be an elaborate construction with gilded cherubs and priceless jewels. If you would prefer the theater to be a minimal design, imagine it that way. Maybe the theater is made out of glass or crystal. You can be all alone in the theater or maybe you are seated next to an alien, a cave man, or a robot. As the curtain rises an enormous pipe organ is spewing out J.S. Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor. The sound is colossal. The stage is designed to look like a filthy and bleak art studio. Sculptures that look like decaying flesh hang from the ceiling. Papers and dirty painting rags are scattered all over the floor. A roach crawls towards some moldy food in the wastebasket. A piece of beef jerky sits next to a pile of paint tubes and paintbrushes. Canvases are stacked against the wall. Dried paint is splattered everywhere. A woman enters stage left. As she begins to speak, the music fades… “My most recent paintings are meant to serve as gateways between daily life and an exotic utopian fantasy. These strange psychological spaces function as portals into a new frontier inhabited with the most stupendous creatures. Active volcanoes, carnivorous plants, terrible lizards, pink Chihuahuas, flesh-eating insects, unidentified flying objects, and a host of other amazing things coexist in this cruel tropical paradise. “Everything I do is a self-portrait and a disguise. I imagine the characters in my paintings to be mutant clones. The act of painting is like looking in the mirror. I like to spend most of my time doing one or the other. I am driven by an insatiable urge to see what I truly look like. I suffer from an unfulfilled desire to meet myself. I am frustrated with impressions and reflections. These confessions reveal my work as possibly the most disgusting display of narcissism in the entire history of art. “The act of painting is an absurd and self-indulgent enterprise. I paint with the ridiculous and frivolous purpose of delighting the eye. Nevertheless, my hope is that my paintings capture an important aspect of my utopian fantasy with their sumptuous surroundings embellished with rainbows, natural disasters, butterflies, exotic grasses and bizarre costumes. “My paintings can be read on many different levels from surface to deep allegory. The finished product is the result of hours upon hours of painting, pondering, and dreaming. Below the surface lies a nauseating abyss. “My work is a delicious feast for the aesthetic consumer. I am a villainous mad scientist with a hunger for immortality. My eyes are gluttonous fools. I am a mystery and a deception. Vermillion is my opulent fetish. Lemon yellow is my nemesis.” The music grows louder again. The woman begins to cackle. She then takes a deep breath and a deeper and more dramatic bow. She exits stage right--you find that you want to applaud--but unfortunately, this story is not over. I suggest that you get yourself a snack like some popcorn, chocolate, or gummy bears before reading any further. The curtain slowly and elegantly comes down.

Mit dem Begriff der Intersektionalität wird die Verschränkung verschiedener Ungleichheit generierender Strukturkategorien, wie Geschlecht, Ethnizität, Klasse, Nationalität, Sexualität, Alter etc. erfasst. Er soll aufzeigen, dass keine dieser Kategorien alleine steht, sondern sowohl für sich als auch im Zusammenspiel mit den anderen einen die gesellschaftlichen Machtverhältnisse mitkonstituierenden Effekt hat. Die historischen Wurzeln liegen im 19. Jahrhundert und gehen auf die Erfahrungen Schwarzer Frauen und Lesben zurück, die sich im Feminismus westlicher weißer Mittelschichtsfrauen nicht wiederfanden. Leslie McCall unterscheidet drei methodologische Zugänge: den anti-kategorialen Ansatz, den intra-kategorialen Ansatz und den inter-kategorialen Ansatz.