Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'MCMI-III'

In certain situations respondents completing self-report psychological tests are motivated to present themselves in the best possible light and attempt to alter their responses accordingly (termed faking good). Although the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory - third edition (MCMI-III; Millon, 1994) possesses a scale (Y-Desirability) that can alert the clinician to the probability that a respondent has made an attempt to fake good, there remains controversy surrounding the use of this test, especially in high stakes contexts. When respondents fake good, the Y-Desirability scale elevates but there is a tendency for three Clinical Personality Pattern scales (4-Histrionic, 5-Narcissistic, and 7-Compulsive scales) to also elevate for reasons other than that the test taker has a high level of histrionic, narcissistic, or compulsive traits. An elevation on those four scales has been dubbed the normal quartet (Halon, 2001). It is left to the clinician to estimate the degree to which the elevations on these scales are actually indicative of psychopathology, despite the elevation on the Y-Desirability scale suggesting otherwise. The risk of incorrect conclusions being drawn is unacceptable, particularly given the stakes (e.g. child custody). This research project was conducted to help researchers and clinicians understand why elevations are found on clinical scales designed to measure psychopathology, despite a respondent‟s attempt to fake good. Four studies were conducted. The central purpose of Study 1, an exploratory study, was to determine if there was a generic fake good profile that applied across contexts in which one might be motivated to fake good. Undergraduate University psychology students were randomly assigned to four analogue conditions (n = 16 per condition) and required to role-play different fake good scenarios (i.e. Good Parent; Good Person; Healthy Psychiatric Patient; Healthy Drug User). Results demonstrated that there were far more similarities than differences between participants in all four conditions, with all conditions obtaining a version of the normal quartet (elevations on Y-Desirability, 4-Histronic, 5-Narcissistic, and 7-Compulsive scales and with very low scores on most other scales). Differences that were found were either not clinically meaningful with very low base rate (BR) scores or possibly attributable to unequal difficulty in the instructions used in two of the conditions. Study 2 was conducted as a manipulation check to determine if the instructions were perceived to be a confounding variable in Study 1. Participants were 20 adults who were supplied all four instruction sets from Study 1 and asked how difficult they believed it would have been to follow each individual role. Additionally, they were required to rank from one to four the easiest to hardest instructional set. The conclusion drawn from Study 1 was confirmed that some instructions (primarily for the Healthy Psychiatric Patient condition) were perceived to be significantly harder than others for participants to role-play. The strongest conclusion that could be drawn from Study 1 was that regardless of context, even with different instructions and difficulties, when respondents were required to fake good, they generally obtained a fake good profile that was an exaggerated version of the normal quartet. Study 3 was conducted to answer the questions raised at the end of Study 1; that is, why are respondents elevating on scales designed to measure psychopathology, despite instructions to fake good, and what strategies were they using that might be contributing to these elevations? A sample of parents (n = 10) were administered the MCMI-III and required to answer out loud as if they were taking the test as part of a Family Court assessment and how they respond will help determine with whom the child/ren will reside. The participants were asked to report why they answered True or False to each item and how important it was to answer in that way. The data were explored both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results illustrated that participants used a variety of strategies ranging from a single theme of denial of perceived pathology to more sophisticated strategies by assessing each item carefully and even promoting minor negative attributes. Despite the faking good strategy adopted, most participants interpreted a number of items on the 4-Histrionic, 5-Narcissistic, and 7-Compulsive scales as positive attributes (mostly true-keyed items) that they willingly endorsed, at times rating it important to do so if one wants to look like a good parent. Participants answered False and rated it important to do so for most of the test items with the intention of hiding perceived pathology in line with the fake good instructions. However, by answering False, participants inadvertently scored heavily on these items across the 4-Histrionic, 5-Narcissistic, and 7-Compulsive scales given the disproportionately greater number of false-keyed items found on these three scales. Study 4 was developed after the completion of Studies 1 to 3 due to the release of the new Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory – fourth edition (MCMI-IV; Millon, Grossman, & Millon, 2015). The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to determine if the same issues revealed with the MCMI-III in high-stakes settings were still present in the revised edition. A replication of the Lenny and Dear (2009) study was undertaken. Lenny and Dear used the MCMI-III results from participants in a fake good parent condition and compared them against an Honest condition. The authors concluded that the normal quartet obtained by those in the Fake Good condition was more likely due to factors other than psychopathology. For Study 4, MCMI-IV results were obtained from 60 parents that were randomly assigned to either the Fake Good condition (n = 30) or the Honest condition (n = 30). The Honest condition participants were asked to answer the test in an honest manner and their final BR results were compared to that of the Fake Good condition participants. The Fake Good participants were required to answer the test items as if they were undertaking a Family Court assessment and that how they answer will help determine with whom the child/ren will reside. A normal quartet was still present in the Fake Good condition but now comprised BR score elevations on the revised Y-Desirability, 4A-Histrionic, 7-Compulsive scales, the new 4B-Turbulent scale and with most other scales very low. A borderline subclinical elevation on the 5-Narcissistic scale was also obtained, which was an improvement from the MCMI-III results. The new 4B-Turbulent scale was clinically elevated when participants attempted to fake good on the MCMI-IV and in this study was the highest elevation of a normal quartet. The most important findings from the four studies in this research project were (1) that the normal quartet elevations were likely due to psychometric issues with the test design combined with the way respondents interpreted items when instructed to fake good on both the MCMI-III and MCMI-IV; (2) elevations on the MCMI-III were directly linked to participants actively endorsing items they misperceived as positive attributes, particularly on true-keyed items, and attempting to deny or hide perceived pathology but inadvertently scoring on the false-keyed items; and (3) when using the MCMI-IV, the BR score profile will likely be similar to that of the MCMI-III in genuine high-stakes settings, such as child custody evaluations, with the addition of an elevated 4B-Turbulent scale. Qualitative findings from Study 3 with the MCMI-III are likely to be transferable to the MCMI-IV and explain the significant elevations on the equivalent scales and new scale that was seen in Study 4. Given the significant BR score elevations on both the MCMI-III and MCMI-IV in simulated high stakes contexts, which closely resemble results from real-world examples, serious caution is warranted when using either edition in high stake contexts. The final conclusion from this research project is that the MCMI-III and MCMI-IV should not be used in high-stakes settings until further research is conducted.

This study used the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III to examine the relationship of psychopathology and victim selection of young adult pedophiles convicted of Penal Code 288 (a). The sample consisted of 64 felons, aged 18 to 24, incarcerated at the California Youth Authority. Significant differences were not discovered between the group means of male or female victims or between familial and non-familial victims. Individual scale elevations above the Base Rate of 75 were significant between the groups. Depressive traits were reported for pedophiles who had both male and female victims and Dependent traits for only male victims. Incest offenders reported both Self-Defeating traits and problems associated with Drug Dependence. Non-familial offenders reported Paranoid personality traits. The results suggest that pedophilic interest is characterized by an independent, active, and defensive personality and also by a passive, dependent, drug dependent personality style, all contributing to molest potential. This group of pedophiles can be considered heterogeneous and cannot be characterized by any one diagnostic category.

Four adult attachment styles that have been extensively reported in the literature have been labeled secure, dismissing, preoccupied, and fearful. Unfortunately, there are no existing published studies that measure attachment styles of incarcerated women. This study used responses from 158 women incarcerated at a federal prison on the Relationship Questionnaire, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III), and Record of Maltreatment Experiences to examine several facets of the association of attachment styles with childhood abuse and scales on the MCMI-III. The inmates who survived abuse endorsed the fearful and preoccupied attachment styles more, and the secure style less, than did the women who did not acknowledge a history of abuse. There was no statistically significant finding among attachment styles based on physical or sexual abuse. Inmates who were abused by a family member were more likely to endorse the fearful attachment style. The depressive, sadistic, and dependent MCMI-III scales were determined to be more highly associated with fearful or preoccupied attachment styles than with dismissing or secure styles. Finally, the inmates endorsed the anxious/ambivalent (fearful and preoccupied) attachment style more, and the secure style less, than non-incarcerated individuals as reported in the literature.

La violencia y la criminalidad son fenómenos preocupantes dentro de la realidad peruana. Ésto se evidencia en el creciente número de delitos, y el aumento de la población penitenciaria. En este contexto, es necesario contar con instrumentos confiables capaces de medir patologías de la personalidad relacionadas con la conducta antisocial. El presente estudio instrumental tiene como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de Validez Interna y Confiabilidad de la escala de Trastorno Antisocial de la Personalidad del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-III). La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 66 jóvenes adultos varones (M=25.44; DE=3.51) recluidos en un establecimiento penitenciario de la ciudad de Lima. El análisis de confiabilidad a través del método de covariación conjunta Alpha de Cronbach arrojó un coeficiente de .729 para la escala de Trastorno Antisocial, mostrando un nivel de fiabilidad adecuado. Del mismo modo, se realizó el análisis de Validez Interna a través del método de correlaciones ítem-test (Pearson) el cual mostró índices de correlación que oscilaron entre .096 y .499 para el total de la escala (17 ítems). Asimismo, se llevó a cabo un análisis de discriminación de ítems con la finalidad de neutralizar aquellas variables con correlaciones inferiores a 0.3, para mejorar el índice de confiabilidad de la escala. La escala resultante estuvo compuesta por 10 ítems, cuyas correlaciones ítem-test oscilaron entre .352 y .527, elevando el coeficiente de confiabilidad a .775. Además, se estimó la prevalencia de sintomatología antisocial en la población, presentándose en el 27.3% de los casos. Estos hallazgos permitieron discutir los alcances y limitaciones de la escala en lo que respecta a la medición del constructo.
Two of the major problems within the Peruvian reality are violence and crime. The evidence is the increasing number of felonies and the rising of the prison population. In this context, it is necessary to have reliable tools to measure the personality pathology related to antisocial behavior. This instrumental study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of Internal Validity and Reliability of the Scale of Antisocial Personality Disorder in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III). The final sample was taken from 66 young adult male inmates (M=25.44; DE=3.51) from a prison in the city of Lima. Reliability analysis through the joint covariance method yielded a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of .729 for Antisocial Disorder Scale, showing an appropriate level of reliability. In turn, analysis of internal validity through correlations item-tests (Pearson) showed correlation coefficients ranging between .096 and .499 for the scale of 17 items. In addition, a removing items process is conducted to promote the reliability of the scale. The Resulting scale consisted of 10 items, whose item-test correlations ranged between .352 and .527, raising the reliability coefficient of .775. Further more, the prevalence of antisocial symptoms in the population, appearing in 27.3% of cases was estimated. These results let on to discuss the scope and limitations of the Scale of Antisocial Personality Disorder of the MCMI-III with regard to the measurement of the antisocial construct.
Tesis

In 2003 (Tellegen, Ben-Porath, McNulty, Arbisi, Graham, & Kaemmer) the MMPI-2 RCd scale was developed to independently measure the MMPI ―factor one,‖ an inherent technical problem within the Clinical scales. The developers renamed this factor ―demoralization‖ after exploratory factor analyses were utilized to extract this dimension from the basic nine MMPI-2 scales, creating a separate demoralization scale known as the Restructured Clinical Demoralization scale (RCd). This study examined a sample of 440 adult psychiatric inpatients to determine the relationship of the MMPI-2 RCd scale with the MCMI-III scales to assess the degree to which it may measure demoralization. Exploratory principal axis factoring with promax rotations were conducted resulting in a four factor solution. RCd loaded moderately (0.48, 0.43) on two of the four factors, Factor I named demoralized affect and Factor II named demoralized social functioning. This study indicated the presence of demoralization among several of the MCMI-III scales and supported the multidimensionality of demoralization suggested within the literature.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-Third Edition (MCMI-III) currently ranks among the most commonly utilized personality tools. A review of the literature revealed that ethnic minorities tend to score higher on certain scales of the MMPI and MCMI compared to their White counterparts. The literature also indicated that acculturation level can serve as a moderator variable on overall performance on these measures. Most of the studies that examined racial/ethnic differences on the MCMI were conducted using the MCMI-I and MCMI-II. While many MCMI studies have explored racial differences, few studies have examined the impact of cultural factors on MCMI-III performance. To date, there is no empirical data on the impact of culture on the MCMI-III scores of Blacks from different cultural backgrounds. Given the significant increase in the number of Black immigrants to the United States especially from the Caribbean and Africa, Black Americans are becoming an even more diverse group, representing different cultures and nationalities. In the current study, the performance of African Americans (n = 52) and Caribbean Blacks (n = 77) were compared on the Antisocial, Narcissistic, Paranoid, and Delusional Disorder scales of the MCMI-III. Attempts were also made to compare Blacks in the current sample to the MCMI-III's development sample. Additionally, the impact of cultural variables was examined using the African American Acculturation Scaled-Revised (AAAS-R). Multivariate Analysis of Variance procedure revealed no significant difference in performance between the two groups on the select scales of the MCMI-III (p =.883). Additional analyses revealed significant difference between the two groups on the Compulsive scale: Caribbean Blacks obtained a higher mean (Cohen's d =.-50. F= 6.663, p = .011). Analyses comparing the Blacks in the current sample to the MCMI-III's development sample indicated the following: a) a significant difference between the two groups on the Antisocial, Narcissistic, and Delusional Disorder Scales and b) no significant difference between the two groups on the Paranoid scale (p = .559). Supplemental analysis revealed moderate association between the Paranoid and Delusional Disorder Scales of the MCMI-III and certain scales of the AAAS-R, implying both a degree of item overlap and similar item content.

The Brazilian-Portuguese Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (BP-MCMI-III) is a newly developed translation of the original MCMI-III and requires validation before it can be used in cross-cultural research and clinical settings. This study was the first validation study with the BP-MCMI-III and examined the validity of its Alcohol Dependence and Drug Dependence scales for identifying substance-related disorders in a Brazilian sample. The diagnostic validity of these scales was examined by comparing participants' scores on the BP-MCMI-III against group status (controls versus patients receiving substance abuse treatment) and against clinical diagnoses made based on a DSM-IV-TR symptom checklist. In addition, diagnostic validity statistics were also computed for both scales. The construct validity of the Alcohol Dependence scale was examined by comparing the subjects' scores with their performance on a Brazilian version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The total sample used in this study consisted of 126 Brazilians residing in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of the total sample, 75 were inpatients at treatment facilities for substance abuse and 51 were not receiving treatment for alcohol- or drug-related problems at the time of testing. The results of this study supported the validity of the BP-MCMI-III for diagnosing substance-related disorders among Brazilians.

The purpose of the present study was to study the relationship of MCMI-III clinical scales with MMPI-2 clusters in a chronic pain population. Data was obtained through assessment data (N = 242) from the Dallas Spinal Rehabilitation Center (DSRC), that included MMPI-2 and MCMI-III, as well as pre-and post-assessment information (n = 21) and follow-up questionnaires (n = 19). Subjects' age ranged from 18 to 64. Each patient had a primary diagnosis related to a back and/or a cervical injury, a chronic pain diagnosis, and often medical prescription dependency and/or addition. Each has experienced back pain in the lumbar region (L1 to L5) or cervical region (C1 to C7) for an average of 32 months. Patients with thoracic (mid-spine) and carpal tunnel pain were excluded from this study. A multivariate cluster analysis procedure was performed that yielded 3 homogeneous female MMPI-2 clusters and 4 MMPI-2 homogeneous male clusters. Seven multiple regression analyses were performed to determine which MCMI-III clinical scales predicted cluster membership in the MMPI-2 clusters. Results indicated that MCMI-III clinical scales "7" Compulsive, "X" Validity and "C" Borderline were predictors for membership in the male MMPI-2 clusters. Membership in the female MMPI-2 clusters were predicted by MCMI-III clinical scales "4" Histrionic, "T" Drug Dependence and "2A" Avoidant. Nineteen pre-and post-MCMI-IIIs were analyzed for change after participants completed the six-week pain management program. Paired-sample t-tests were performed on these data and revealed that significant change was noted on 10 MCMI-III clinical scales. Follow-up data questionnaires were available on these same individuals. Results from a correlation analysis indicated that patients who reported having supportive relationships with their spouse and family and a secure source of income report better quality of sleep, better mood, are able to relax and are believe that they are able to manage their pain. Participants who were able to relax and remain calm report better quality of sleep, exercise frequently, report better quality of mood and believe that they will return to work soon. Findings from this study suggest that rather than using the MCMI-III as a diagnostic tool, a more efficient use of this instrument would be to understand maladaptive coping styles that may be present under stressful situations. This study's findings suggest that pain treatment program staff could utilize follow up information, as well as diagnostic information about coping strategies that might appear under stress, to shape interventions. Future research might focus on investigation of factors that predict both improvement and program failure, especially those present at initial intake.

In research on tinnitus, it is recognised that various psychological factors play a role in whether an individual is negatively impacted by the symptoms of tinnitus. In this exploratory study, through the use of descriptive statistical analysis of the data obtained from the MCMI-III and 16PF5 of tinnitus sufferers, possible psychological constructs can be identified as being present in subjective tinnitus sufferers. Scarce research on tinnitus stemming from or being exacerbated by various psychological constructs is found in South Africa. Many studies exist outside of South Africa; however, the results of these studies need to be verified in terms of the South African population. The study used previously administered protocols of the MCMI-III and the 16PF5 of subjective tinnitus sufferers in order to explore the psychological constructs in the form of test scales using descriptive statistical analysis on the protocol data. By investigating possible psychological constructs present in a sample of individuals with subjective tinnitus, the aim is to be able to make recommendations on possible focus areas for future research. The results of the study suggest the most significant finding related to the global factors of the 16PF5 is that 84.6% of the participants can be classified as accommodating. None of the participants can be described as independent, extraverted or abstract. More than half of the participants can be described as deferential and shy. None of the participants measured as self-assured. On the MCMI-III very few significant elevations were present. On the Anxiety scale 38.5% of participants fell into the insignificant and significant categories respectively. This is the only result for the MCMI-III where the insignificant score is not the highest, and thus is a noteworthy finding. Keywords: Cognitive behavioural therapy; Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III; Psychological constructs; Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire; Tinnitus.
Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Psychology
MA
Unrestricted

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la validez de constructo y la eficiencia diagnóstica de las escalas Depresión Mayor y Trastorno de Ansiedad del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon-III (MCMI-III). Para ello, se aplicó el MCMI-III, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck a 100 pacientes ambulatorios de un hospital de salud mental de Lima Metropolitana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 68 mujeres y 32 hombres, cuyas edades fluctúan entre los 18 y 56 años (M=30.53; DE=10.11). Al calcularse la validez de constructo, se encontró que las escalas del MCMI-III presentaban correlaciones convergentes con las otras medidas de depresión y ansiedad utilizadas; sin embargo, también mostraban una pobre habilidad para discriminar la sintomatología del trastorno que dicen medir y la de otra patología considerada en esta investigación. Asimismo, al calcular los criterios que sustentan la efectividad diagnóstica (sensibilidad, especificidad, poder predictivo positivo y poder predictivo negativo) para cada escala, se obtuvo que la escala Trastorno de Ansiedad presenta una mayor eficacia diagnóstica que la escala Depresión Mayor. No obstante, la escala Trastorno de Ansiedad brinda un porcentaje alto de falsos positivos; mientras que la escala Depresión Mayor brinda falsos negativos.
Tesis

La simulación de psicopatología en procesos de solicitud y/o mantenimiento de prestación de incapacidad temporal, constituye una de las problemáticas de mayor incidencia socio-sanitaria. Sin embargo, aún existe insuficiente evidencia empírica que permita concluir acerca de su etiología, evaluación y diagnóstico. Esta tesis analiza a partir de una muestra incidental compuesta por 299 sujetos valorados en su incapacitación laboral, la prevalencia, trastornos prevalentemente simulados, perfil sociodemográfico y de personalidad, así como la utilidad diagnóstica de simulación de los cuestionarios SIMS y MCMI-III. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia del 20%, y una mayor incidencia de trastornos del estado de ánimo y de ansiedad. Los datos apoyan una perspectiva adaptativa de la simulación y respaldan la utilidad de los cuestionarios SIMS y MCMCI-III en la diferenciación diagnóstica entre probables simuladores y sujetos con respuesta genuina, a la vez que definen puntos de corte que optimizan la eficacia en contexto médico-legal.

The study utilized testing data from 440 psychiatric inpatients from a small Midwestern city. Testing was conducted utilizing the MMPI-2 and MCMI-III over the course of approximately 10 years. MMPI-2 data was converted to updated scales of the instrument, and specifically examined were the higher order scales of the MMPI-2 Restructured Format(RF). The Higher Order scales were correlated with Axis I scales of the MCMI-III. MCMI-III scales were placed in a three factor model representing Emotionality, Thought Disorder, and Behavioral/Acting out. These factors were correlated with RF scales. Factor analysis and canonical correlation describes the relationship between the two sets of scales and convergent validity of the RF HO scales is discussed. Overall, the HO scales show expected correlations with dimensions of the MCMI-III Axis I scales and the presence of the dimensions are also suggested by the factoring of the MCMI-III scales.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory are two of the most common personality inventories used by clinicians for diagnostic purposes. Discriminant functions of the MMPI-2, MMPI-RC (Restructured Clinical), two alternative MMPI Personality Disorder Scales, and the MCMI-III were compared in a sample of 371 hospitalized psychiatric patients with Axis II discharge diagnoses. Participants were grouped by Cluster B Personality Disorders (93), Cluster C Personality Disorders (38), and participants without an Axis II diagnosis (240). Diagnostic utility of the instruments was compared in regards to DSM-IV-TR Axis II diagnoses. Analyses included utilizing discriminant function analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each personality inventory. Further analyses provided information on two diagnostic validity statistics which included: positive predictive power (PPP) and incremental validity of positive test diagnoses (IPPP). The diagnostic validity statistics were used to evaluate which instrument has the most clinical and diagnostic utility in the differentiation of psychopathology. Analyses indicated that each of the instruments effectively predicted group membership at a rate better than chance and that no single instrument performed better or worse in this task. However, the MCMI-III possessed the greatest diagnostic validity as defined by the PPP and IPPP statistics. Thus, the initial hypothesis that the MCMI-III would have the most clinical utility in the assessment of personality disorders is partially supported.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology

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A Obesidade ? uma doen?a cr?nica de etiologia multifatorial que se caracteriza por excesso de gordura corp?rea, cujo grau varia de acordo com o ?ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC=m2 /kg). A obesidade grave ? caracterizada por IMC>40, frequentemente associada a altera??es cl?nicas end?crino-metab?licas ou mec?nicas e transtornos psicol?gicos; o quadro de Compuls?o Alimentar Peri?dica (CAP) tem alta incid?ncia nesta popula??o. A cirurgia Bari?trica vem sendo o tratamento de escolha para a obesidade grave, por apresentar r?pido emagrecimento e melhora nas condi??es cl?nicas. T?m-se verificado aumento de peso ap?s dois anos de cirurgia em 20% a 30% dos casos. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa ? avaliar caracter?sticas psicol?gicas e comportamentais entre obesos graves submetidos ? Cirurgia Bari?trica do tipo Bypass G?strico h? pelo menos 24 meses. Foram investigados aspectos espec?ficos como, (1) caracter?sticas do funcionamento personalidade e presen?a de transtornos cl?nicos e de personalidade; (2) a incid?ncia de CAP e sua rela??o com perda de peso; (3) a diferen?a entre os grupos em rela??o aos acompanhamentos p?s-cir?rgicos; atividade f?sica, acompanhamento psicol?gico e nutricional. M?todo: 40 adultos (homens e mulheres), com idades entre 23 a 60 anos, submetidos ? cirurgia bari?trica h? pelo menos 24 meses, na cidade de Natal-RN, foram divididos em dois grupos com n= 20, Grupo de Ganho, com perda < 50% do peso excedente inicial, e o Grupo de Perda, com perda >50%. O protocolo de pesquisa foi composto por question?rio biossociodemogr?fico, o m?todo de Rorschach ? Sistema Compreensivo (SC); Invent?rio de Personalidade de Millon (MCMI-III); e Escala de Compuls?o Alimentar Peri?dica (ECAP). Atrav?s do m?todo de Rorschach foram evidenciadas diferen?as significativas entre os dois grupos, relacionadas aos tipos vivenciais (EB), maior presen?a de EB Extratensivo no Grupo Ganho e Intratensivo no Grupo de Perda; e ao descontrole na express?o dos afetos, com eleva??o de respostas de Cor Pura no Grupo Ganho. Em rela??o ? popula??o normativa do SC, a amostra como um todo apresentou maior tend?ncia a experienciar sofrimento ps?quico, auto percep??o denegrida, autocr?tica excessiva, distor??es perceptivas, vulnerabilidade a desenvolver transtornos afetivos e eleva??o da pontua??o na Constela??o de Suic?dio. O MCMI-III indicou maior incid?ncia de transtornos cl?nicos e de personalidade no Grupo Ganho: Transtorno Depressivo e Esquizot?pico, Ansiedade, Distimia, Depress?o Maior; Transtorno do Pensamento, Bipolar- Man?aco e Transtornos de Estresse P?s-Traum?tico. Os resultados da ECAP indicaram diferen?a significativa, com eleva??o de CAP no Grupo de Ganho como tamb?m, entre a gravidade de CAP e presen?a de transtornos cl?nicos e de personalidade. Em rela??o aos acompanhamentos foi encontrada diferen?a significativa no quesito atividade f?sica com mediana elevada no Grupo de Perda. Os grupos ainda se diferenciaram em rela??o ao peso inicial e tempo p?scir?rgico, indicando que quanto maior o peso inicial e tempo percorrido maior o aumento de peso p?s-cir?rgico. Os resultados ainda revelam que os participantes com mais de 3 anos de tempo cirurgia, apresentam eleva??o na presen?a de Transtornos Cl?nicos de Transtorno Depressivo Maior; Transtorno Somatoforme; Distimia. Tais resultados corroboram conclus?es de estudos sobre a rela??o entre CAP p?s-cir?rgico e novo ganho de peso, como tamb?m acerca de maior incid?ncia de transtornos cl?nicos na popula??o obesa grave. Conclui-se que o processo cir?rgico ? apenas uma faceta do tratamento da obesidade grave, e que o acompanhamento p?s-cir?rgico deve receber maior aten??o e ocorrer em longo prazo para a manuten??o n?o s? dos resultados cir?rgicos, como da melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Obesity is a chronic disease that has multi-factorial aetiology, characterized by high degree of body fat; the degree of obesity will vary according to the Body Mass Index (BMI=m2 /kg). The severe degree of obesity is characterized by BMI>40 and it is regularly associated to endocrine-metabolic or mechanic clinical alterations, and to psychological disorders. Binge Eating (BE) results were overly high for this population. The Bariatric Surgery has been the treatment chosen by those diagnosed with severe obesity as this intervention provides prompt outcomes for loss of weight and clinical improvement conditions. However, recent research has acquiesced that after two years between 20% and 30% of people subject to this intervention gained weight. The main objective of this research is to assess the psychological and behavioral characteristics of those diagnosed with severe obesity that have been subject to Gastric Bypass Surgery in the past 24 months. Specific aspects were investigated: (1) characteristics of different personalities and diagnose of clinic and personality disorders; (2) BE and its relation with loss of weight; (2) the difference between the groups regarding post-surgery care, e.g. physical activity, psychological and dietician input. Method: 40 adults (women and men) aged 23 and 60 year-old who went through a bariatric surgery in the past 24 months, in the city of Natal-RN (Brazil); they were assembled in two groups n=20, Gain group displaying loss of < 50% of their initial surplus of weight, and the Loss group displaying loss of >50%. The research protocol is made of a socio-demographic questionnaire and 3 psychometric instruments: Rorschach ? Comprehensive System; Millon Personality Inventory (MCMI-III); and the Binge Eating Scale (Escala de Compuls?o Alimentar Peri?dica (ECAP). Through Rorschach significant differences between these groups were verified according to the kind of personality (EB) - more EB Extratensivo in Gain group and Intratensivo in Loss group ? and the lack of control to express affect, increasing the answer for Color Pure at Group I. Concerning the people standardization, the sample as a whole tends to show psychic pain, denigrated selfperception, high levels of self-criticism, distorted perceptions, vulnerability to develop mood disorders and high scores regarding Suicide. MCMI-III results showed more clinic and personality disorders in Group I: Depressive Disorder and Schizotypal, Anxiety, Dysthymia, Major Depressive Disorder; Thought Disorder, Bipolar- Manic and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In relation to ECAP, the results indicated significant differences, showing increased BE results in Gain group. There were found significant differences between BE severity and the presence of clinic and personality disorders. Concerning the post-surgery care, the observed differences are statistically significant regarding physical activities with median-increased differences in Loss group. There is a difference between the initial weight and the time post-surgery, indicating that the higher the initial weight and the time after the surgery the higher the re-gain of weight post-surgery. Finally, the results show that the participants with more than 3 years of surgery will have Clinic and Major Depressive Disorders; Somatoform Disorder; Dysthymia. These results confirm prior studies related to BE post-surgery and re-gain of weight as well as the proneness of clinic disorders in severe obesity people. That means the results reinforce that the surgery process is a facet of the severe obesity treatment. The post-surgery process needs to be the main focus of attention and have a long-term input to sustain the care of the surgery results and the quality of life of the patients.

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This study has as main objectives to translate and to adapt the MCMI-III to brazilian Portuguese, as well as investigate and analyze the involved modifications in the Alcohol Dependence Scale concerning to the results obtained on the validity and on the process of adaptation to Brazil. The inventory was translated and, posteriorly, applied on people with different reading levels to certify that the items are understandable to public in general, from diverse places of the country, divided into clinical and non-clinical groups. Were evaluated 2855 subjects between the ages of 18 and 85 years old, male and female, resident and dwellers of Brazilian cities. The application methods were face-to-face and computerized. Results showed that the clinical group presented significant differences between the means in comparison to the non-clinical group. Through the application of the General Health Questionnaire were developed studies related to the achievement of convergent validity and its results pointed to the relation between the instrument scores and the MCMI-III. The Alcohol Dependence Scale analysis indicated that people who reported abusive use of alcohol had highest scores, indicating adequacy of the instrument on identifying manifestation of disorders and syndromes. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to the establishment of normative patterns to the Brazilian sample
Esse estudo tem como principais objetivos traduzir e adaptar o MCMI-III para o portugu?s brasileiro, bem como investigar e analisar as modifica??es envolvidas na escala de Depend?ncia de ?lcool do instrumento original em rela??o aos resultados obtidos na validade e no processo de adapta??o para o Brasil. O invent?rio foi traduzido e posteriormente administrado em pessoas com n?veis variados de leitura para certificar-se de que os itens pudessem ser compreendidos pelo p?blico em geral, de diversos locais do pa?s, divididos em grupo cl?nico e grupo n?o cl?nico. Foram avaliados 2855 sujeitos com idades de 18 a 85 anos, dos sexos feminino e masculino, residentes e domiciliados em cidades brasileiras. As formas de administra??o foram modo presencial e modo informatizado. Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo cl?nico apresentou diferen?as significativas entre as m?dias com rela??o ao grupo n?o cl?nico. Por meio da administra??o do Question?rio Geral de Sa?de desenvolveram-se estudos quanto ? obten??o de validade convergente cujos resultados apontaram a rela??o entre os escores desse instrumento e o MCMI-III. A an?lise da escala de Depend?ncia do ?lcool apontou que pessoas que relataram ter feito uso abusivo de ?lcool pontuaram mais alto, indicando a adequa??o do instrumento em identificar manifesta??es de transtornos e s?ndromes. Contudo, ainda s?o necess?rios estudos posteriores para estabelecimento de padr?es normativos para a amostra brasileira

碩士
亞洲大學
心理學系
106
The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) has always known for its adventages such, as possessing the foundation of theories of personality, easy to operate, short conducting time, providing various information, plentiful studies on validity, and available in cross-culture. These features make it practically suitible for the clinical environment in our country. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explore the application of The Chinese version of MCMI-III(CMCMI-III) in Taiwan.The study was divided as two pretrial and formal trial. Researchers recruited 50 subjects of “ healthy group” and 101 subjects of “mental illness group” in both pretrial and formal trial stage. All of them must take the tests of CMCMI-III, Basic Personality Inventory (BPI), Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Health, Personality, and Habit Test (HPH) in order, the “healthy group” must take the CMCMI-III test again after at least two weeks. The analys data of CMCMI-III showed great internal consistency (average Cronbach’s α = .71) and test-retest reliability (average r = .65). Additionally, there were five sub-scales of clinical syndromes (Anxiety、Bipolar: Manic、Dysthymia、Thought Disorder、Major Depression) and nine sub-scales of personality disorders (Schizoid、Avoidant、Depressive、Dependent、Narcissistic、Antisocial、Schizotypal、Borderline、Paranoid) that were significantly correlated with the construct corresponding scales of the criterion-referenced test (i.e., BPI, BDI-II, BAI, HPH). It symbolized the construct validity of the 14 scales were proven domestically, meanwhile it also provided an initial supportive evidence for using the CMCMI-III rationally in Taiwan This study supplied as the reference for related-topic researchers in the future.

Objectives: Analysis of differences in personality psychopatology between alcoholic and drug addicted men in-patients. Analysis of differences in profiles between the alcoholics and drug addicts. Comparison of the profiles of the addicted in our study with Millons' profiles of addicts. Mapping differences in self-rating the seriousness of symptoms and problems of the addicts. Sample: 63 men in-patients of PL Bohnice Praha (in period May 2004 - October 2005), 32 alcoholics and 31 drug addicts (pervitin, heroin, marihuana). Patients are in the 3rd - 12th week of treatment. Average age of alcoholics is 42,2, and of drug addicts 25,3 years. Methods: 1. Entrance examination - form of structured interview (based on questionary Europ_ASI, translated by L. Kubička a L. Csémy); 2. MCMI-III - Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (translated by M. Preiss); 3. SYMPRO (self-rating questionnaire and scale for alcoholics, author L. Kubička; used as SYMPROM/ ALK) - on the bases of this method version for drug addicts SYMPRO-M/DR was compiled. Results: According to MCMI-III there exist significant differences in scales: 5 Narcissistic (drug addicts scored higher), 6A Antisocial drug addicts scored higher), 6B Sadistic (drug addicts scored higher), 7 Compulsive (alcoholics scored higher), B Alcohol Dependence (alcoholics...

M.A.
Violence being a prominent and invasive factor in South Africa has left many people feeling powerless, hopeless and incapable of dealing and coping with the effects that exposure to trauma has produced. This idea appears even more disturbing if one considers that military personnel will inevitably be exposed to some form of trauma in their employment history. As a result of this traumatic exposure, many people develop post traumatic stress disorder or symptoms thereof. The literature ind icates that certain variables may increase vulnerability for the development of this disorder. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether or not there is a relationship between Post Traumatic Stress (PTS) symptoms and axis II personality traits using Millon’s Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI - III) as a measure. The results of which will have major implications for our understanding of PTS, as well as aid in the deployment of military personnel. The sample comprised 5853 military personnel who completed the MCMI III as part of a yearly project to determine their mental health status. Inferential and descriptive statistical analyses were used on the data. It was found, in accordance with previous literature findings, that narcissistic, antisocial and borderline personality styles are the best predictors of PTS. In addition, the study found that there is a significant relationship between PTS and various personality styles, namely depressive, schizotypal, borderline, passive -aggressive, compulsive, antisocial and narcissistic personality styles. It is recommended that if the MCMI-III is used to scan military personnel prior to combat, those with high scores on borderline, narcissistic and antisocial personality scales, should be subjected to a more in-depth evaluation.