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Journal articles on the topic 'McWilliams parameterization'

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Published: 26 October 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gent, Peter R. "The Gent–McWilliams parameterization: 20/20 hindsight." Ocean Modelling 39, no. 1-2 (2011): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.08.002.

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2

Grooms, Ian. "A Gaussian-product stochastic Gent–McWilliams parameterization." Ocean Modelling 106 (October 2016): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.09.005.

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3

Smith, Richard D., and Peter R. Gent. "Anisotropic Gent–McWilliams Parameterization for Ocean Models." Journal of Physical Oceanography 34, no. 11 (2004): 2541–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2613.1.

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Abstract An anisotropic generalization of the Gent–McWilliams (GM) parameterization is presented for eddy-induced tracer transport and diffusion in ocean models, and it is implemented in an ocean general circulation model using a functional formalism to derive the spatial discretization. This complements the anisotropic viscosity parameterization recently developed by Smith and McWilliams. The anisotropic GM operator is potentially useful in both coarse- and high-resolution ocean models, and in this study the focus is on its application in high-resolution eddying solutions, for which it provid

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4

Cessi, Paola. "An Energy-Constrained Parameterization of Eddy Buoyancy Flux." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 8 (2008): 1807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3812.1.

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Abstract A parameterization for eddy buoyancy fluxes for use in coarse-grid models is developed and tested against eddy-resolving simulations. The development is based on the assumption that the eddies are adiabatic (except near the surface) and the observation that the flux of buoyancy is affected by barotropic, depth-independent eddies. Like the previous parameterizations of Gent and McWilliams (GM) and Visbeck et al. (VMHS), the horizontal flux of a tracer is proportional to the local large-scale horizontal gradient of the tracer through a transfer coefficient assumed to be given by the pro

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5

Ivchenko, V. O., S. Danilov, and J. Schröter. "Comparison of the Effect of Parameterized Eddy Fluxes of Thickness and Potential Vorticity." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 9 (2014): 2470–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0267.1.

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Abstract Parameterization of mesoscale eddies is an important problem of modern ocean dynamics and modeling. The most widely used scheme is the so-called Gent–McWilliams parameterization, which describes the eddy-induced transport of tracers, including temperature, density, and isopycnal thickness (TH). An alternative scheme, proposed by Green and Welander, deals with parameterizing eddy fluxes of potential vorticity (PV). Many recent studies propose using it, for it includes the effect of eddy Reynolds stresses that may influence mean flows. These two schemes are compared in the simplest conf

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6

Marshall, David P., and Alberto C. Naveira Garabato. "A Conjecture on the Role of Bottom-Enhanced Diapycnal Mixing in the Parameterization of Geostrophic Eddies." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 7 (2008): 1607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3619.1.

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Abstract The parameterization of geostrophic eddies represents a large sink of energy in most ocean models, yet the ultimate fate of this eddy energy in the ocean remains unclear. The authors conjecture that a significant fraction of the eddy energy may be transferred to internal lee waves and oscillations over rough bottom topography, leading to bottom-enhanced diapycnal mixing. A range of circumstantial evidence in support of this conjecture is presented and discussed. The authors further propose a modification to the Gent and McWilliams eddy parameterization to account for the bottom-enhanc

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Gent, Peter R., and Gokhan Danabasoglu. "Response to Increasing Southern Hemisphere Winds in CCSM4." Journal of Climate 24, no. 19 (2011): 4992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-10-05011.1.

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Results from two perturbation experiments using the Community Climate System Model version 4 where the Southern Hemisphere zonal wind stress is increased are described. It is shown that the ocean response is in accord with experiments using much-higher-resolution ocean models that do not use an eddy parameterization. The key to obtaining an appropriate response in the coarse-resolution climate model is to specify a variable coefficient in the Gent and McWilliams eddy parameterization, rather than a constant value. This result contrasts with several recent papers that have suggested that coarse

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8

Jansen, Malte F. "A note on: “A Gaussian-product stochastic Gent–McWilliams parameterization”." Ocean Modelling 110 (February 2017): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.12.005.

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9

Grooms, Ian, and William Kleiber. "Diagnosing, modeling, and testing a multiplicative stochastic Gent-McWilliams parameterization." Ocean Modelling 133 (January 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.10.009.

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10

Fan, Yalin, and Stephen M. Griffies. "Impacts of Parameterized Langmuir Turbulence and Nonbreaking Wave Mixing in Global Climate Simulations." Journal of Climate 27, no. 12 (2014): 4752–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00583.1.

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Abstract The impacts of parameterized upper-ocean wave mixing on global climate simulations are assessed through modification to Large et al.’s K-profile ocean boundary layer parameterization (KPP) in a coupled atmosphere–ocean–wave global climate model. The authors consider three parameterizations and focus on impacts to high-latitude ocean mixed layer depths and related ocean diagnostics. The McWilliams and Sullivan parameterization (MS2000) adds a Langmuir turbulence enhancement to the nonlocal component of KPP. It is found that the Langmuir turbulence–induced mixing provided by this parame

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11

Canuto, V. M., Y. Cheng, M. S. Dubovikov, A. M. Howard, and A. Leboissetier. "Parameterization of Mixed Layer and Deep-Ocean Mesoscales including Nonlinearity." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 3 (2018): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0255.1.

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AbstractIn 2011, Chelton et al. carried out a comprehensive census of mesoscales using altimetry data and reached the following conclusions: “essentially all of the observed mesoscale features are nonlinear” and “mesoscales do not move with the mean velocity but with their own drift velocity,” which is “the most germane of all the nonlinear metrics.” Accounting for these results in a mesoscale parameterization presents conceptual and practical challenges since linear analysis is no longer usable and one needs a model of nonlinearity. A mesoscale parameterization is presented that has the follo

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12

Viebahn, Jan, Daan Crommelin, and Henk Dijkstra. "Toward a Turbulence Closure Based on Energy Modes." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 4 (2019): 1075–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0117.1.

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AbstractA new approach to parameterizing subgrid-scale processes is proposed: The impact of the unresolved dynamics on the resolved dynamics (i.e., the eddy forcing) is represented by a series expansion in dynamical spatial modes that stem from the energy budget of the resolved dynamics. It is demonstrated that the convergence in these so-called energy modes is faster by orders of magnitude than the convergence in Fourier-type modes. Moreover, a novel way to test parameterizations in models is explored. The resolved dynamics and the corresponding instantaneous eddy forcing are defined via spat

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13

Nakamura, Mototaka, and Yi Chao. "On the Eddy Isopycnal Thickness Diffusivity of the Gent–McWilliams Subgrid Mixing Parameterization." Journal of Climate 13, no. 2 (2000): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0502:oteitd>2.0.co;2.

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14

Bachman, Scott D. "The GM＋E closure: A framework for coupling backscatter with the Gent and McWilliams parameterization." Ocean Modelling 136 (April 2019): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.02.006.

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15

Manucharyan, Georgy E., Andrew F. Thompson, and Michael A. Spall. "Eddy Memory Mode of Multidecadal Variability in Residual-Mean Ocean Circulations with Application to the Beaufort Gyre." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 4 (2017): 855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0194.1.

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AbstractMesoscale eddies shape the Beaufort Gyre response to Ekman pumping, but their transient dynamics are poorly understood. Climate models commonly use the Gent–McWilliams (GM) parameterization, taking the eddy streamfunction to be proportional to an isopycnal slope s and an eddy diffusivity K. This local-in-time parameterization leads to exponential equilibration of currents. Here, an idealized, eddy-resolving Beaufort Gyre model is used to demonstrate that carries a finite memory of past ocean states, violating a key GM assumption. As a consequence, an equilibrating gyre follows a spiral

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16

Xu, Yongfu, Shigeaki Aoki, and Koh Harada. "Sensitivity of the Simulated Distributions of Water Masses, CFCs, and Bomb 14C to Parameterizations of Mesoscale Tracer Transports in a Model of the North Pacific." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 3 (2006): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2854.1.

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Abstract A basinwide ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific Ocean is used to study the sensitivity of the simulated distributions of water masses, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and bomb carbon-14 isotope (14C) to parameterizations of mesoscale tracer transports. Five simulations are conducted, including a run with the traditional horizontal mixing scheme and four runs with the isopycnal transport parameterization of Gent and McWilliams (GM). The four GM runs use different values of isopycnal and skew diffusivities. Simulated results show that the GM mixing scheme can help to form N

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17

Restrepo, Juan M. "Wave Breaking Dissipation in the Wave-Driven Ocean Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 7 (2007): 1749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3099.1.

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Abstract If wave breaking modifies the Lagrangian fluid paths by inducing an uncertainty in the orbit itself and this uncertainty on wave motion time scales is observable as additive noise, it is shown that within the context of a wave–current interaction model for basin- and shelf-scale motions it persists on long time scales. The model of McWilliams et al. provides the general framework for the dynamics of wave–current interactions. In addition to the deterministic part, the vortex force, which couples the total flow vorticity to the residual flow due to the waves, will have a part that is a

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18

Rühs, Siren, Victor Zhurbas, Inga M. Koszalka, Jonathan V. Durgadoo, and Arne Biastoch. "Eddy Diffusivity Estimates from Lagrangian Trajectories Simulated with Ocean Models and Surface Drifter Data—A Case Study for the Greater Agulhas System." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 1 (2018): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0048.1.

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AbstractThe Lagrangian analysis of sets of particles advected with the flow fields of ocean models is used to study connectivity, that is, exchange pathways, time scales, and volume transports, between distinct oceanic regions. One important factor influencing the dispersion of fluid particles and, hence, connectivity is the Lagrangian eddy diffusivity, which quantifies the influence of turbulent processes on the rate of particle dispersal. Because of spatial and temporal discretization, turbulence is not fully resolved in modeled velocities, and the concept of eddy diffusivity is used to para

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19

Scholz, Patrick, Dmitry Sidorenko, Ozgur Gurses, et al. "Assessment of the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM2.0) – Part 1: Description of selected key model elements and comparison to its predecessor version." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 11 (2019): 4875–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4875-2019.

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Abstract. The evaluation and model element description of the second version of the unstructured-mesh Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM2.0) are presented. The new version of the model takes advantage of the finite-volume approach, whereas its predecessor version, FESOM1.4 was based on the finite-element approach. The model sensitivity to arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) linear and nonlinear free-surface formulation, Gent–McWilliams eddy parameterization, isoneutral Redi diffusion and different vertical mixing schemes is documented. The hydrographic biases, large-scale circulation, nu

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20

Mak, J., J. R. Maddison, D. P. Marshall, and D. R. Munday. "Implementation of a Geometrically Informed and Energetically Constrained Mesoscale Eddy Parameterization in an Ocean Circulation Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 10 (2018): 2363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0017.1.

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AbstractThe global stratification and circulation, as well as their sensitivities to changes in forcing, depend crucially on the representation of the mesoscale eddy field in a numerical ocean circulation model. Here, a geometrically informed and energetically constrained parameterization framework for mesoscale eddies—termed Geometry and Energetics of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies and Their Rectified Impact on Climate (GEOMETRIC)—is proposed and implemented in three-dimensional channel and sector models. The GEOMETRIC framework closes eddy buoyancy fluxes according to the standard Gent–McWilliams sc

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21

Poulsen, Mads B., Markus Jochum, James R. Maddison, David P. Marshall, and Roman Nuterman. "A Geometric Interpretation of Southern Ocean Eddy Form Stress." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 10 (2019): 2553–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0220.1.

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AbstractAn interpretation of eddy form stress via the geometry described by the Eliassen–Palm flux tensor is explored. Complimentary to previous works on eddy Reynolds stress geometry, this study shows that eddy form stress is fully described by a vertical ellipse, whose size, shape, and orientation with respect to the mean flow shear determine the strength and direction of vertical momentum transfers. Following a recent proposal, this geometric framework is here used to form a Gent–McWilliams eddy transfer coefficient that depends on eddy energy and a nondimensional geometric parameter α, bou

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22

Colas, François, Xavier Capet, James C. McWilliams, and Zhijin Li. "Mesoscale Eddy Buoyancy Flux and Eddy-Induced Circulation in Eastern Boundary Currents." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 6 (2013): 1073–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0241.1.

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Abstract A dynamical interpretation is made of the mesoscale eddy buoyancy fluxes in the Eastern Boundary Currents off California and Peru–Chile, based on regional equilibrium simulations. The eddy fluxes are primarily shoreward and upward across a swath several hundred kilometers wide in the upper ocean; as such they serve to balance mean offshore air–sea heating and coastal upwelling. In the stratified interior the eddy fluxes are consistent with the adiabatic hypothesis associated with a mean eddy-induced velocity advecting mean buoyancy and tracers. Furthermore, with a suitable gauge choic

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23

Saenz, Juan A., Qingshan Chen, and Todd Ringler. "Prognostic Residual Mean Flow in an Ocean General Circulation Model and its Relation to Prognostic Eulerian Mean Flow." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 9 (2015): 2247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0024.1.

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AbstractRecent work has shown that taking the thickness-weighted average (TWA) of the Boussinesq equations in buoyancy coordinates results in exact equations governing the prognostic residual mean flow where eddy–mean flow interactions appear in the horizontal momentum equations as the divergence of the Eliassen–Palm flux tensor (EPFT). It has been proposed that, given the mathematical tractability of the TWA equations, the physical interpretation of the EPFT, and its relation to potential vorticity fluxes, the TWA is an appropriate framework for modeling ocean circulation with parameterized e

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24

Lucas, M. A., J. J. Hirschi, J. D. Stark, and J. Marotzke. "The Response of an Idealized Ocean Basin to Variable Buoyancy Forcing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 5 (2005): 601–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2710.1.

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Abstract The response of an idealized ocean basin to variable buoyancy forcing is examined. A general circulation model that employs a Gent–McWilliams mixing parameterization is forced by a zonally constant restoring surface temperature profile, which varies with latitude and time over a period P. In each experiment, 17 different values of P are studied, ranging from 6 months to 32 000 yr. The model's meridional overturning circulation (MOC) exhibits a very strong response on all time scales greater than 15 yr, up to and including the longest forcing time scales examined. The peak-to-peak valu

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25

Lüschow, Veit, Jin-Song von Storch, and Jochem Marotzke. "Diagnosing the Influence of Mesoscale Eddy Fluxes on the Deep Western Boundary Current in the 1/10° STORM/NCEP Simulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 3 (2019): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0103.1.

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AbstractUsing a 0.1° ocean model, this paper establishes a consistent picture of the interaction of mesoscale eddy density fluxes with the geostrophic deep western boundary current (DWBC) in the Atlantic between 26°N and 20°S. Above the DWBC core (the level of maximum southward flow, ~2000-m depth), the eddies flatten isopycnals and hence decrease the potential energy of the mean flow, which agrees with their interpretation and parameterization in the Gent–McWilliams framework. Below the core, even though the eddy fluxes have a weaker magnitude, they systematically steepen isopycnals and thus

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26

Couvelard, Xavier, Florian Lemarié, Guillaume Samson, et al. "Development of a two-way-coupled ocean–wave model: assessment on a global NEMO(v3.6)–WW3(v6.02) coupled configuration." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 7 (2020): 3067–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3067-2020.

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Abstract. This paper describes the implementation of a coupling between a three-dimensional ocean general circulation model (NEMO) and a wave model (WW3) to represent the interactions of upper-oceanic flow dynamics with surface waves. The focus is on the impact of such coupling on upper-ocean properties (temperature and currents) and mixed layer depth (MLD) at global eddying scales. A generic coupling interface has been developed, and the NEMO governing equations and boundary conditions have been adapted to include wave-induced terms following the approach of McWilliams et al. (2004) and Ardhu

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27

Canuto, V. M., and Y. Cheng. "ACC Subduction by Mesoscales." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 12 (2019): 3263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0043.1.

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AbstractThe mesoscale contribution to subduction in the Southern Ocean was studied by Sallée and Rintoul in 2011 (SR11) using the following mesoscale model. The adiabatic (A) regime was modeled with the Gent–McWilliams streamfunction, the diabatic (D) regime was modeled with tapering functions, the D–A interface was taken to be at the mixed layer depth, and the mesoscale diffusivity either was a constant or was given by a 2D model. Since the resulting subductions were an order of magnitude smaller than the data of ±200 m yr−1 as reported by Mazloff et al. in 2010, SR11 showed that if, instead

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28

Müller, S. A., F. Joos, N. R. Edwards, and T. F. Stocker. "Water Mass Distribution and Ventilation Time Scales in a Cost-Efficient, Three-Dimensional Ocean Model." Journal of Climate 19, no. 21 (2006): 5479–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3911.1.

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Abstract A cost-efficient, seasonally forced three-dimensional frictional geostrophic balance ocean model (Bern3D) has been developed that features isopycnal diffusion and Gent–McWilliams transport parameterization, 32 depth layers, and an implicit numerical scheme for the vertical diffusion. It has been tuned toward observed chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-11) inventories and deep ocean radiocarbon signatures to reproduce the ventilation time scales of the thermocline and the deep ocean. Model results are consistent with the observed large-scale distributions of temperature, salinity, natural and bom

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29

Deacu, Daniel, and Paul G. Myers. "Effect of a Variable Eddy Transfer Coefficient in an Eddy-Permitting Model of the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 3 (2005): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-2674.1.

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Abstract The effect of using a variable eddy transfer coefficient for the Gent–McWilliams (GM) parameterization in a (1/3)°-resolution ocean model of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean is investigated. Results from four experiments with different implementations of this coefficient are compared among themselves as well as with two control experiments. A series of improvements have been obtained in all of the experiments that use a low level of explicit horizontal tracer diffusion. These include a better representation of the overflow waters originating from the Nordic seas, leading to a more re

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30

Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Kevin Speer, Steve Rintoul, and S. Wijffels. "Southern Ocean Thermocline Ventilation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 40, no. 3 (2010): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4291.1.

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Abstract An approximate mass (volume) budget in the surface layer of the Southern Ocean is used to investigate the intensity and regional variability of the ventilation process, discussed here in terms of subduction and upwelling. Ventilation resulting from Ekman pumping is estimated from satellite winds, the geostrophic mean component is assessed from a climatology strengthened with Argo data, and the eddy-induced advection is included via the parameterization of Gent and McWilliams, together with eddy mixing estimates. All three components contribute significantly to ventilation. Finally, th

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Eden, Carsten, Richard J. Greatbatch, and Jürgen Willebrand. "A Diagnosis of Thickness Fluxes in an Eddy-Resolving Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 3 (2007): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2987.1.

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Abstract Output from an eddy-resolving model of the North Atlantic Ocean is used to estimate values for the thickness diffusivity κ appropriate to the Gent and McWilliams parameterization. The effect of different choices of rotational eddy fluxes on the estimated κ is discussed. Using the raw fluxes (no rotational flux removed), large negative values (exceeding −5000 m2 s−1) of κ are diagnosed locally, particularly in the Gulf Stream region and in the equatorial Atlantic. Removing a rotational flux based either on the suggestion of Marshall and Shutts or the more general theory of Medvedev and

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32

Guiavarc'h, Catherine, David Storkey, Adam T. Blaker, et al. "GOSI9: UK Global Ocean and Sea Ice configurations." Geoscientific Model Development 18, no. 2 (2025): 377–403. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-377-2025.

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Abstract. The UK Global Ocean and Sea Ice configuration version 9 (GOSI9) is a new traceable hierarchy of three model configurations at 1, 1/4 and 1/12° based on version 4.0.4 of the NEMO code. GOSI9 has been developed as part of the UK's Joint Marine Modelling Programme (JMMP), a partnership between the Met Office, the National Oceanography Centre, the British Antarctic Survey, and the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling. Following a seamless approach, it will be used for a variety of applications across a wide range of spatial and temporal resolutions: short-range coupled numerical we

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33

Juricke, Stephan, Tim N. Palmer, and Laure Zanna. "Stochastic Subgrid-Scale Ocean Mixing: Impacts on Low-Frequency Variability." Journal of Climate 30, no. 13 (2017): 4997–5019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0539.1.

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In global ocean models, the representation of small-scale, high-frequency processes considerably influences the large-scale oceanic circulation and its low-frequency variability. This study investigates the impact of stochastic perturbation schemes based on three different subgrid-scale parameterizations in multidecadal ocean-only simulations with the ocean model NEMO at 1° resolution. The three parameterizations are an enhanced vertical diffusion scheme for unstable stratification, the Gent–McWilliams (GM) scheme, and a turbulent kinetic energy mixing scheme, all commonly used in state-of-the

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34

Ardhuin, Fabrice, and Alastair D. Jenkins. "On the Interaction of Surface Waves and Upper Ocean Turbulence." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 3 (2006): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2862.1.

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Abstract The phase-averaged energy evolution for random surface waves interacting with oceanic turbulence is investigated. The change in wave energy balances the change in the production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Outside the surface viscous layer and the bottom boundary layer the turbulent flux is not related to the wave-induced shear so that eddy viscosity parameterizations cannot be applied. Instead, it is assumed that the wave motion and the turbulent fluxes are not correlated on the scale of the wave period. Using a generalized Lagrangian average it is found that the mean wave-ind

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35

Deremble, Bruno, Takaya Uchida, William K. Dewar, and Roger M. Samelson. "Eddy‐Mean Flow Interaction With a Multiple Scale Quasi Geostrophic Model." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15, no. 10 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003572.

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AbstractParameterization of mesoscale eddies in coarse resolution ocean models is necessary to include the effect of eddies on the large‐scale oceanic circulation. We propose to use a multiple‐scale Quasi‐Geostrophic (MSQG) model to capture the eddy dynamics that develop in response to a prescribed large‐scale flow. The MSQG model consists in extending the traditional quasi geostrophic (QG) dynamics to include the effects of a variable Coriolis parameter and variable background stratification. Solutions to this MSQG equation are computed numerically and compared to a full primitive equation mo

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36

Kusters, Niek, Dhruv Balwada, and Sjoerd Groeskamp. "Global Observational Estimates of Mesoscale Eddy‐Driven Quasi‐Stokes Velocity and Buoyancy Diffusivity." Geophysical Research Letters 52, no. 12 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl115802.

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AbstractMesoscale eddies are a dominant reservoir of kinetic energy in the ocean and play an important role in the transport and stirring of tracers such as heat and carbon. These effects need to be parameterized in most ocean models. A number of studies have observationally quantified eddy effects, but most of these have focused on the diffusivity of passive tracers (Solomon‐Redi diffusivity). However, passive tracer diffusivity is not directly informative about the quasi‐Stokes transport, since this requires estimates of the buoyancy diffusivity (also known as the Gent‐McWilliams diffusivity

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37

Dettling, Nicolas, Martin Losch, Friederike Pollmann, and Torsten Kanzow. "Towards parameterizing eddy-mediated transport of Warm Deep Water across the Weddell Sea continental slope." Journal of Physical Oceanography, June 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-23-0215.1.

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Abstract The transport of Warm Deep Water (WDW) onto the Weddell Sea continental shelf is associated with a heat flux and strongly contributes to the melting of Antarctic ice shelves. The small radius of deformation at high latitudes makes it difficult to accurately represent the eddy-driven component of onshore WDW transport in coarse-resolution ocean models so that a parameterization becomes necessary. The Gent and McWilliams/Redi (GM/Redi) scheme was designed to parameterize mesoscale eddies in the open ocean. Here, it is assessed to what extent the GM/Redi scheme can generate a realistic t

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38

Loose, Nora, Gustavo M. Marques, Alistair Adcroft, et al. "Comparing Two Parameterizations for the Restratification Effect of Mesoscale Eddies in an Isopycnal Ocean Model." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15, no. 12 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003518.

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AbstractThere are two distinct parameterizations for the restratification effect of mesoscale eddies: the Greatbatch and Lamb (1990, GL90, https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/phoc/20/10/1520-0485_1990_020_1634_opvmom_2_0_co_2.xml?tab_body=abstract-display) parameterization, which mixes horizontal momentum in the vertical, and the Gent and McWilliams (1990, GM90, https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/phoc/20/1/1520-0485_1990_020_0150_imiocm_2_0_co_2.xml) parameterization, which flattens isopycnals adiabatically. Even though these two parameterizations are effectively equivalent unde

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Mak, J., J. R. Maddison, D. P. Marshall, X. Ruan, Y. Wang, and L. Yeow. "Scale‐Awareness in an Eddy Energy Constrained Mesoscale Eddy Parameterization." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15, no. 12 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ms003886.

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AbstractThere is an increasing interest in mesoscale eddy parameterizations that are scale‐aware, normally interpreted to mean that a parameterization does not require parameter recalibration as the model resolution changes. Here we examine whether Gent–McWilliams (GM) based version of GEOMETRIC, a mesoscale eddy parameterization that is constrained by a parameterized eddy energy budget, is scale‐aware in its energetics. It is generally known that GM‐based schemes severely damp out explicit eddies, so the parameterized component would be expected to dominate across resolutions, and we might ex

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Yankovsky, Elizabeth, Scott Bachman, K. Shafer Smith, and Laure Zanna. "Vertical Structure and Energetic Constraints for a Backscatter Parameterization of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16, no. 7 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ms004093.

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AbstractMesoscale eddies modulate the stratification, mixing, tracer transport, and dissipation pathways of oceanic flows over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. The parameterization of buoyancy and momentum fluxes associated with mesoscale eddies thus presents an evolving challenge for ocean modelers, particularly as modern climate models approach eddy‐permitting resolutions. Here we present a parameterization targeting such resolutions through the use of a subgrid mesoscale eddy kinetic energy budget (MEKE) framework. Our study presents two novel insights: (a) both the potential and kine

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Robertson, Robin, and Changming Dong. "An evaluation of the performance of vertical mixing parameterizations for tidal mixing in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)." Geoscience Letters 6, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40562-019-0146-y.

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AbstractVertical mixing is important in the ocean for maintaining its stratification, redistributing temperature and salinity, distributing nutrients and pollutants, and the energy cascade. It plays a key role in ocean energy transport, climate change, and marine ecosystems. Getting the mixing right in ocean circulation and climate models is critical in reproducing ocean and climate physics. Ocean models, like the Regional Ocean Modeling System (Rutgers ROMS 3.4), provide several options for determining vertical mixing through the vertical mixing parameterization schemes. To evaluate which of

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Kenigson, Jessica S., Renske Gelderloos, and Georgy E. Manucharyan. "Vertical Structure of the Beaufort Gyre Halocline and the Crucial Role of the Depth-Dependent Eddy Diffusivity." Journal of Physical Oceanography, December 29, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0077.1.

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AbstractTheories of the Beaufort Gyre (BG) dynamics commonly represent the halocline as a single layer with a thickness depending on the Eulerian-mean and eddy-induced overturning. However, observations suggest that the isopycnal slope increases with depth, and a theory to explain this profile remains outstanding. Here we develop a multi-layer model of the BG, including the Eulerian-mean velocity, mesoscale eddy activity, diapycnal mixing, and lateral boundary fluxes, and use it to investigate the dynamics within the Pacific Winter Water (PWW) layer. Using theoretical considerations, observati

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Maddison, J. R., D. P. Marshall, J. Mak, and K. Maurer‐Song. "A Two‐Dimensional Model for Eddy Saturation and Frictional Control in the Southern Ocean." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 17, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ms004682.

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AbstractThe reduced sensitivity of mean Southern Ocean zonal transport with respect to surface wind stress magnitude changes, known as eddy saturation, is studied in an idealized analytical model. The model is based on the assumption of a balance between surface wind stress forcing and bottom dissipation in the planetary geostrophic limit, coupled to the GEOMETRIC form of the Gent–McWilliams eddy parameterization. The assumption of a linear stratification, together with an equation for the parameterized domain integrated total eddy energy, enables the formulation of a two component dynamical s

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Wei, Huaiyu, and Yan Wang. "Replication Data for: Scalings for eddy buoyancy fluxes across prograde shelf/slope fronts." September 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7039761.

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Xie, Chenyue, Huaiyu Wei, and Yan Wang. "Bathymetry-aware mesoscale eddy parameterizations across upwelling slope fronts: A machine learning-augmented approach." Journal of Physical Oceanography, September 8, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-23-0017.1.

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Abstract Mesoscale eddy buoyancy fluxes across continental slopes profoundly modulate the boundary current dynamics and shelf-ocean exchanges, but have yet to be appropriately parameterized via the Gent-McWilliams (GM) scheme in predictive ocean models. In this work, we test the prognostic performance of multiple GM variants in non-eddying simulations of upwelling slope fronts that are commonly found along the subtropical continental margins. The tested GM variants range from a set of constant eddy buoyancy diffusivities to recently developed energetically-constrained, bathymetry-aware diffusi

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Legay, Alexandre, Bruno Deremble, Thierry Penduff, Pierre Brasseur, and Jean‐Marc Molines. "A Framework for Assessing Ocean Mixed Layer Depth Evolution." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16, no. 10 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023ms004198.

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AbstractThe ocean surface mixed layer plays a crucial role as an entry or exit point for heat, salt, momentum, and nutrients from the surface to the deep ocean. In this study, we introduce a framework to assess the evolution of the mixed layer depth (MLD) for realistic forcings and preconditioning conditions. Our approach involves a physically‐based parameter space defined by three dimensionless numbers: λs representing the relative contribution of the buoyancy flux and the wind stress at the air‐sea interface, Rh the Richardson number which characterizes the stability of the water column rela

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