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Journal articles on the topic 'MD-2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Visintin, Alberto, Dimitar B. Iliev, Brian G. Monks, Kristen A. Halmen, and Douglas T. Golenbock. "MD-2." Immunobiology 211, no. 6-8 (2006): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2006.05.010.

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2

Madsen, Karen. "MD-2." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 17, no. 6 (2011): 1436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ibd.21485.

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3

Choi, Soo-Ho, Jungsu Kim, Ayelet Gonen, Suganya Viriyakosol, and Yury I. Miller. "MD-2 binds cholesterol." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 470, no. 4 (2016): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.126.

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4

Gitlin, Melvin C., and Marcos FeBornstein. "Opinion #2: Melvin C. Gitlin, MD, and Marcos FeBornstein, MD." Pain Medicine 2, no. 3 (2001): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4637.2001.01036-3.x.

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Gitlin, Melvin C., and Marcos FeBornstein. "Opinion #2: Melvin C. Gitlin, MD, and Marcos FeBornstein, MD." Pain Medicine 2, no. 3 (2008): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2001.1036-3.x.

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6

Hamaty, Daniel. "Opinion #2: Daniel Hamaty, MD." Pain Medicine 3, no. 2 (2002): 170.1–170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4637.2002.02021_3.x.

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7

Gordin, Vitaly. "Opinion #2: Vitaly Gordin, MD." Pain Medicine 3, no. 4 (2002): 350.1–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4637.2002.02049_3.x.

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8

Villarreal, Armando. "Opinion #2: Armando Villarreal, MD." Pain Medicine 4, no. 3 (2003): 297.1–297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03026_3.x.

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9

Divanovic, Senad, Aurelien Trompette, Sowsan F. Atabani, et al. "Inhibition of TLR-4/MD-2 signaling by RP105/MD-1." Journal of Endotoxin Research 11, no. 6 (2005): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096805105x67300.

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10

Divanovic, Senad, Aurelien Trompette, Sowsan F. Atabani, et al. "Inhibition of TLR-4/MD-2 signaling by RP105/MD-1." Journal of Endotoxin Research 11, no. 6 (2005): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09680519050110061201.

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11

Viriyakosol, Suganya, Peter S. Tobias, Richard L. Kitchens, and Theo N. Kirkland. "MD-2 Binds to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 41 (2001): 38044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m105228200.

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12

Viriyakosol, S., T. N. Kirkland, K. Soldau, and P. S. Tobias. "MD-2 binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide." Journal of Endotoxin Research 6, no. 6 (2000): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096805100101532379.

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Viriyakosol, S., T. N. Kirkland, K. Soldau, and P. S. Tobias. "MD-2 binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide." Journal of Endotoxin Research 6, no. 6 (2000): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09680519000060060201.

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14

Barata, Teresa S., Ian Teo, Steve Brocchini, Mire Zloh, and Sunil Shaunak. "Partially Glycosylated Dendrimers Block MD-2 and Prevent TLR4-MD-2-LPS Complex Mediated Cytokine Responses." PLoS Computational Biology 7, no. 6 (2011): e1002095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002095.

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15

Akashi, Sachiko, Shin-ichiroh Saitoh, Yasutaka Wakabayashi, et al. "Lipopolysaccharide Interaction with Cell Surface Toll-like Receptor 4-MD-2." Journal of Experimental Medicine 198, no. 7 (2003): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20031076.

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate recognition molecules for microbial products, but their direct interactions with corresponding ligands remain unclarified. LPS, a membrane constituent of gram-negative bacteria, is the best-studied TLR ligand and is recognized by TLR4 and MD-2, a molecule associated with the extracellular domain of TLR4. Although TLR4-MD-2 recognizes LPS, little is known about the physical interaction between LPS and TLR4-MD-2. Here, we demonstrate cell surface LPS–TLR4-MD-2 complexes. CD14 greatly enhances the formation of LPS–TLR4-MD-2 complexes, but is not coprecipitate

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16

Roy, Sanhita, Yan Sun та Eric Pearlman. "Interferon-γ-induced MD-2 Protein Expression and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Responsiveness in Corneal Epithelial Cells Is Mediated by Janus Tyrosine Kinase-2 Activation and Direct Binding of STAT1 Protein to the MD-2 Promoter". Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, № 27 (2011): 23753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.219345.

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The inability of epithelial cells from the cornea and other tissues to respond to LPS is reportedly due to low expression of the TLR4 co-receptor MD-2. We generated MD-2−/− bone marrow chimeras, and showed that MD-2 expression on non-myeloid cells was sufficient to mediate LPS-induced corneal inflammation. As IFN-γ is produced during Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection, we examined the role of this cytokine on MD-2 expression by primary human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and HCE cell lines. Exogenous IFN-γ was found to induce MD-2 mRNA, MD-2 cell surface expression, and LPS responsivene

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17

Leão, César, António Pedro Mendes, Catarina Custódio, et al. "Nutritional Intake and Training Load of Professional Female Football Players during a Mid-Season Microcycle." Nutrients 14, no. 10 (2022): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102149.

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Football (soccer) is a high-intensity intermittent sport with large energy demands. In a repeated-measures design, we analysed the nutritional intake and training load of fourteen female football players (22.50 ± 4.38 y; 57.23 ± 8.61 kg; 164 ± 6.00 cm; 18.33 ± 2.48% of fat mass and 23.71 ± 2.51 kg of muscle mass) competing in the highest female Football Portuguese League across a typical mid-season microcycle. The microcycle had one match day (MD), one recovery session (two days after the MD, MD+2), three training sessions (MD-3, MD-2, MD-1) and two rest days (MD+1). Energy intake and CHO (g.k

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18

Fernandes, Renato, Rafael Oliveira, Alexandre D. Martins, and João Moreira de Brito. "Internal training and match load quantification of one-match week schedules in female first league Portugal soccer team." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 21, no. 3 (2021): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cpd.469141.

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La cuantificación de la carga de entrenamiento (TL) permite a los entrenadores gestionar la carga durante el entrenamiento con el objetivo de estar en la mejor forma física para la próxima competición. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la Percepción Subjetiva de Esfuerzo (s-RPE) y el Índice Hooper (HI) entre deportes y partidos de un solo equipo de fútbol de la principal liga femenina portuguesa. En este estudio participaron dieciséis jugadores con una media ± DE edad, altura y peso de 24,0 ± 2,9 años, 164 ± 4,1 cm y 58,5 ± 8,2 kg, respectivamente. Los participantes completaron ≥80% de

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19

K. Winther, Andreas, Ivan Baptista, Sigurd Pedersen, et al. "An analysis of training load in highly trained female football players." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0299851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299851.

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This observational study aimed to analyze external training load in highly trained female football players, comparing starters and non-starters across various cycle lengths and training days. Method: External training load [duration, total distance [TD], high-speed running distance [HSRD], sprint distance [SpD], and acceleration- and deceleration distance [AccDecdist] from 100 female football players (22.3 ± 3.7 years of age) in the Norwegian premier division were collected over two seasons using STATSports APEX. This resulted in a final dataset totaling 10498 observations after multiple imput

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20

Belcher, John D., Ping Zhang, Julia Nguyen, Zachary Monroe Kiser, John O. Trent, and Gregory M. Vercellotti. "Identification of a Heme Activation Site on the MD-2/TLR4 Complex." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-123788.

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the first-identified TLR4 agonist, binds myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) in association with TLR4 to initiate TLR4 signaling. LPS binds to a large hydrophobic pocket in MD-2 and directly bridges the MD-2/TLR4 heterodimer. The MD-2/TLR4 complex also recognizes a diverse number of endogenous molecules released from injured cells called damage-associated molecular patterns or DAMPs. One such DAMP is heme. Large amounts of heme can be released intravascularly by trauma, sepsis, malaria and red blood cell disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD). Recent studies

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21

Miyake, K. "Innate recognition of lipopolysaccharide by CD14 and toll-like receptor 4-MD-2: unique roles for MD-2." International Immunopharmacology 3, no. 1 (2003): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00258-8.

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22

Jain, Vishal, Annett Halle, Kristen A. Halmen, et al. "Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of MD-2 opsonized Gram-negative bacteria depend on TLR4 signaling." Blood 111, no. 9 (2008): 4637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-11-126862.

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AbstractBoth Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)– and MD-2–deficient mice succumb to otherwise nonfatal Gram-negative bacteria inocula, demonstrating the pivotal role played by these proteins in antibacterial defense in mammals. MD-2 is a soluble endogenous ligand for TLR4 and a receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-bound MD-2 transmits an activating signal onto TLR4. In this report, we show that both recombinant and endogenous soluble MD-2 bind tightly to the surface of live Gram-negative bacteria. As a consequence, MD-2 enhances cellular activation, bacterial internalization, and intracellular

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23

Teghanemt, Athmane, Fabio Re, Polonca Prohinar, Richard Widstrom, Theresa L. Gioannini, and Jerrold P. Weiss. "Novel Roles in Human MD-2 of Phenylalanines 121 and 126 and Tyrosine 131 in Activation of Toll-like Receptor 4 by Endotoxin." Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 3 (2007): 1257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m705994200.

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Potent mammalian cell activation by Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin requires sequential protein-endotoxin and protein-protein interactions involving lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, CD14, MD-2, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 activation requires simultaneous binding of MD-2 to endotoxin (E) and the ectodomain of TLR4. We now describe mutants of recombinant human MD-2 that bind TLR4 and react with E·CD14 but do not support cellular responsiveness to endotoxin. The mutants F121A/K122A MD-2 and Y131A/K132A MD-2 react with E·CD14 only when co-expressed with TLR4. Single mutants K122A an

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24

Morgans, Ryland, Adam Owen, Dominic Doran, Barry Drust, and James P. Morton. "Prematch Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Soccer Players From the 2014 World Cup Qualifying Campaign." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 3 (2015): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0046.

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Purpose:To monitor resting salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in international soccer players during the short-term training period that precedes international match play.Methods:In a repeated-measure design, saliva samples were obtained from 13 outfield soccer players who participated in the training camps preceding 7 games (5 home and 2 away) of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign. Samples were obtained daily for 4 d preceding each game (and analyzed for SIgA using the IPRO oral-fluid-collection system) at match day minus 1 (MD-1), minus 2 (MD-2), minus 3 (MD-3), and m

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25

Miao, Hui-Lai. "Significance of MD-2 and MD-2B expression in rat liver during acute cholangitis." World Journal of Hepatology 2, no. 6 (2010): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v2.i6.233.

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26

Kimoto, Masao, Kohei Nagasawa, and Kensuke Miyake. "Role of TLR4/MD-2 and RP105/MD-1 in Innate Recognition of Lipopolysaccharide." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 35, no. 9 (2003): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365540310015700.

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27

Gayer, Steven I., and Harry W. Flynn. "Discussion by Steven I. Gayer, MD 1 and Harry W. Flynn, Jr., MD 2." Ophthalmology 107, no. 1 (2000): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00061-5.

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28

Li, Xiwei, Shifeng Tian, Changjun Ma, et al. "Multimodal MRI for Estimating Her-2 Gene Expression in Endometrial Cancer." Bioengineering 10, no. 12 (2023): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10121399.

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Purpose: To assess the value of multimodal MRI, including amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APT), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and T2 mapping sequences for estimating human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2) expression in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). Methods: A total of 54 patients with EC who underwent multimodal pelvic MRI followed by biopsy were retrospectively selected and divided into the Her-2 positive (n = 24) and Her-2 negative (n = 30) groups. Her-2 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Two observers measured APT, mean kurtosis (MK), mean

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29

Pugin, Jérôme, Sabine Stern-Voeffray, Bruno Daubeuf, Michael A. Matthay, Greg Elson, and Irène Dunn-Siegrist. "Soluble MD-2 activity in plasma from patients with severe sepsis and septic shock." Blood 104, no. 13 (2004): 4071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-04-1290.

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Abstract In this paper, we show that plasma from patients with severe sepsis and septic shock but not normal plasma supports lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of epithelial cells expressing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Recombinant soluble myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complemented normal plasma and allowed LPS activation of epithelial cells to levels measured with “septic” plasma, whereas soluble MD-2-depleted plasma lost its effects. The same “MD-2 activity” was found in urine from a patient with septic shock and in lung edema fluids from patients with adult respiratory distress

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30

Vladovic, Jakov, Sime Versic, Nikola Foretic, Ryland Morgans, and Toni Modric. "Quantification of External Training Load among Elite-Level Goalkeepers within Competitive Microcycle." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (2023): 10880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910880.

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This study aimed to evaluate the external training load (ETL) of elite-level goalkeepers considering days before match day (MD minus) and playing status in subsequent matches. The ETL of three goalkeepers from the Croatian highest national football competition were analyzed, quantifying goalkeeping-specific physical performance variables (i.e., distances covered, acceleration frequencies, dives, jumps). Data were collected using a 10 Hz global-positioning system and 100 Hz accelerometer technology (Vector G7, Catapult Sports Ltd., Melbourne, Australia) from 67 training sessions. Significant da

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31

Nagai, Yoshinori, Shoichiro Ohta, Kensuke Miyake, and Kiyoshi Takatsu. "TLR4/MD-2 and RP105/MD-1 differentially regulate LPS responsiveness in B cells (135.4)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (2009): 135.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.135.4.

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Abstract [Aims] TLR4/MD-2 is an essential complex for LPS recognition. RP105/MD-1 is a homologue of TLR4/MD-2 and is expressed in mainly B cells. RP105 or MD-1-deficient B cells show impaired LPS responsiveness, suggesting that B cells require both TLR4/MD-2 and RP105/MD-1 signals for LPS responses. However, precise mechanisms that functionally couple with the two types of complex remain unclear. Furthermore, as LPS stimulation activates B cells through both receptors, it is difficult to analyze the signals via TLR4/MD-2 and RP105/MD-1 differentially. To resolve this, we used agonistic mAbs to

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32

Osipov, A. A. "Masses of the u, d, and s Quarks." JETP Letters 119, no. 12 (2024): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364024601544.

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Ratios ms/md and mu/md of the light quark masses have been determined from expressions for squared masses of pseudoscalar mesons $$m_{\pi }^{2}$$ and $$m_{K}^{2}$$ obtained with an accuracy of the second order in chiral symmetry breaking. The fit of the theoretical expressions for $$m_{\pi }^{2}$$ and $$m_{K}^{2}$$ to their phenomenological values leads to a functional relation between the ratios ms/md and mu/md, which is described by a third-order curve. The application of the lattice calculation result ms/mud = 27.23(10), where mud = (mu + md)/2, reported by the flavor lattice averaging grou

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33

Nagai, Yoshinori, Rintaro Shimazu, Hirotaka Ogata, et al. "Requirement for MD-1 in cell surface expression of RP105/CD180 and B-cell responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide." Blood 99, no. 5 (2002): 1699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.5.1699.

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RP105 is a B-cell surface molecule that has been recently assigned as CD180. RP105 ligation with an antibody induces B-cell activation in humans and mice, leading to proliferation and up-regulation of a costimulatory molecule, B7.2/CD86. RP105 is associated with an extracellular molecule, MD-1. RP105/MD-1 has structural similarity to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD-2. TLR4 signals a membrane constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MD-2 is indispensable for TLR4-dependent LPS responses because cells expressing TLR4/MD-2, but not TLR4 alone, respond to LPS. RP105 also has

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34

Chen, Guirong, Chang Liu, Mingbo Zhang, Xiaobo Wang, and Yubin Xu. "Niloticin binds to MD-2 to promote anti-inflammatory pathway activation in macrophage cells." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 36 (January 2022): 039463202211330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03946320221133017.

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Objectives Niloticin is an active compound isolated from Cortex phellodendri with uncharacterized anti-inflammatory activity. We assessed the drug potential of niloticin and examined its ability to target myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) to ascertain the mechanism for its anti-inflammatory activity. Methods The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database was used to evaluate niloticin. Bio-layer interferometry and molecular docking technologies were used to explore how niloticin targets MD-2, which mediates a series of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent inflammatory r

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35

Ohnishi, Takahiro, Masashi Muroi, and Ken-ichi Tanamoto. "MD-2 Is Necessary for the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Protein To Undergo Glycosylation Essential for Its Translocation to the Cell Surface." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 3 (2003): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.3.405-410.2003.

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ABSTRACT MD-2 has been reported to be required for the translocation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to the cell surface. However, the mechanism by which MD-2 promotes TLR4 translocation is unknown. We identified the presence of two forms of TLR4 with different molecular masses (approximately 110 and 130 kDa) when TLR4 was expressed together with MD-2. Expressing TLR4 alone produced only the 110-kDa form. Using a membrane-impermeable biotinylation reagent, we found that only the 130-kDa form of TLR4 was expressed on the cell surface. When a cellular extract prepared from cells expressing TL

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36

Yang, Huan, Haichao Wang, Zhongliang Ju, et al. "MD-2 is required for disulfide HMGB1–dependent TLR4 signaling." Journal of Experimental Medicine 212, no. 1 (2015): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20141318.

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Innate immune receptors for pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) orchestrate inflammatory responses to infection and injury. Secreted by activated immune cells or passively released by damaged cells, HMGB1 is subjected to redox modification that distinctly influences its extracellular functions. Previously, it was unknown how the TLR4 signalosome distinguished between HMGB1 isoforms. Here we demonstrate that the extracellular TLR4 adaptor, myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2), binds specifically to the cytokine-inducing disulfide isoform of HMGB1, to the excl

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37

Schromm, Andra B., Egil Lien, Philipp Henneke, et al. "Molecular Genetic Analysis of an Endotoxin Nonresponder Mutant Cell Line." Journal of Experimental Medicine 194, no. 1 (2001): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.194.1.79.

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Somatic cell mutagenesis is a powerful tool for characterizing receptor systems. We reported previously two complementation groups of mutant cell lines derived from CD14-transfected Chinese hamster ovary–K1 fibroblasts defective in responses to bacterial endotoxin. Both classes of mutants expressed a normal gene product for Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, and fully responded to stimulation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interleukin (IL)-1β. We identified the lesion in one of the complementation groups in the gene for MD-2, a putative TLR4 coreceptor. The nonresponder phenotype of this mutant w

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38

An, Jian‐Ping, Xiao‐Wei Zhang, Chun‐Xiang You, Si‐Qi Bi, Xiao‐Fei Wang, and Yu‐Jin Hao. "Md WRKY 40 promotes wounding‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in association with Md MYB 1 and undergoes Md BT 2‐mediated degradation." New Phytologist 224, no. 1 (2019): 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16008.

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39

Zhu, Xiaolong, R. Davis Manning, Deyin Lu, et al. "Aldosterone stimulates superoxide production in macula densa cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 301, no. 3 (2011): F529—F535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00596.2010.

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Two major factors which regulate tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)-mediated constriction of the afferent arteriole are release of superoxide (O2−) and nitric oxide (NO) by macula densa (MD) cells. MD O2− inactivates NO; however, among the factors that increase MD O2− release, the role of aldosterone is unclear. We hypothesize that aldosterone activates the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on MD cells, resulting in increased O2− production due to upregulation of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-2) and NOX-2, and NOX-4, isoforms of NAD(P)H oxidase. Studies were performed on MMDD1 cells, a renal epithelial cel

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40

Miyake, K., H. Ogata, Y. Nagai, S. Akashi, and M. Kimoto. "Innate recognition of lipopolysaccharide by Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 and RP105/MD-1." Journal of Endotoxin Research 6, no. 5 (2000): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096805100101532324.

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41

Miyake, Kensuke, Hirotaka Ogata, Yoshinori Nagai, Sachiko Akashi, and Masao Kimoto. "Innate recognition of lipopolysaccharide by Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 and RP105/MD-1." Journal of Endotoxin Research 6, no. 5 (2000): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09680519000060051001.

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42

Jia, Hong Peng, Joel N. Kline, Andrea Penisten, et al. "Endotoxin responsiveness of human airway epithelia is limited by low expression of MD-2." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 287, no. 2 (2004): L428—L437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00377.2003.

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The expression of inducible antimicrobial peptides, such as human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) by epithelia, comprises a component of innate pulmonary defenses. We hypothesized that HBD-2 induction in airway epithelia is linked to pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We found that primary cultures of well-differentiated human airway epithelia express the mRNA for TLR-4, but little or no MD-2 mRNA, and display little HBD-2 expression in response to treatment with purified endotoxin ± LPS binding protein (LBP) and soluble CD14. Expression of endogenous MD-2 by transducti

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43

Giovanni, Sartore, Burlina Silvia, Ragazzi Eugenio, Ferraresso Stefania, Valentini Romina, and Lapolla Annunziata. "Mediterranean Diet and Red Yeast Rice Supplementation for the Management of Hyperlipidemia in Statin-Intolerant Patients with or without Type 2 Diabetes." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/743473.

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Lipid profile could be modified by Mediterranean diet (MD) and by red yeast rice (RYR). We assessed the lipid-lowering effects of MD alone or in combination with RYR on dyslipidemic statin-intolerant subjects, with or without type 2 diabetes, for 24 weeks. We evaluated the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, liver enzyme, and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. We studied 171 patients: 46 type 2 diabetic patients treated with MD alone (Group 1), 44 type 2 diabetic patients treated with MD associat

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Tissières, Pierre, Irène Dunn-Siegrist, Michela Schäppi, et al. "Soluble MD-2 is an acute-phase protein and an opsonin for Gram-negative bacteria." Blood 111, no. 4 (2008): 2122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-06-097782.

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Myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein usually coexpressed with and binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), conferring LPS responsiveness of immune cells. MD-2 is also found as a soluble protein. Soluble MD-2 (sMD-2) levels are markedly elevated in plasma from patients with severe infections, and in other fluids from inflamed tissues. We show that sMD-2 is a type II acute-phase protein. Soluble MD-2 mRNA and protein levels are up-regulated in mouse liver after the induction of an acute-phase response. It is secreted by human hepatocytic cells and

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Su, Lijing, Muhammad Athamna, Ying Wang, et al. "Sulfatides are endogenous ligands for the TLR4–MD-2 complex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 30 (2021): e2105316118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105316118.

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Many endogenous molecules, mostly proteins, purportedly activate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)–myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) complex, the innate immune receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from gram-negative bacteria. However, there is no structural evidence supporting direct TLR4–MD-2 activation by endogenous ligands. Sulfatides (3-O-sulfogalactosylceramides) are natural, abundant sulfated glycolipids that have variously been shown to initiate or suppress inflammatory responses. We show here that short fatty acid (FA) chain sulfatides directly activate mouse TLR4–MD-2 ind

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Y. Lorente, Gustavo. "Fertilizacion foliar en plantas de piña 'MD-2'." Sinergia Académica 2, no. 3 (2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51736/sa.v2i3.30.

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La piña (Ananas comosus var. comosus) es una de las frutas más producidas; ocupa el tercer lugar en producción mundial después de las bananas y mangos. Se cultiva para satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales y es importante para la producción de conservas y venta de fruta fresca. Con un riego óptimo, el rendimiento depende de dos factores fundamentales, la densidad de la plantación y el suministro adecuado de fertilizantes. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los efectos sobre el crecimiento vegetativo de plantas de piña 'MD-2' de tres diferentes sistemas de fertilización foliar (macro y m

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GANGLOFF, M. "MD-2: the Toll ?gatekeeper? in endotoxin signalling." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 29, no. 6 (2004): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2004.04.008.

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Teghanemt, Athmane, Richard L. Widstrom, Theresa L. Gioannini, and Jerrold P. Weiss. "Isolation of Monomeric and Dimeric Secreted MD-2." Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 32 (2008): 21881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m800672200.

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Zimmer, Shanta M., Jin Liu, Jaime L. Clayton, David S. Stephens, and James P. Snyder. "Paclitaxel Binding to Human and Murine MD-2." Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 41 (2008): 27916–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m802826200.

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Yu, Liping, Rachel L. Phillips, DeSheng Zhang, Athmane Teghanemt, Jerrold P. Weiss, and Theresa L. Gioannini. "NMR Studies of Hexaacylated Endotoxin Bound to Wild-type and F126A Mutant MD-2 and MD-2·TLR4 Ectodomain Complexes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, no. 20 (2012): 16346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.343467.

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