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Batista, Lilian Ribeiro. "Desenvolvimento e validação de método para determinação de etanol em xaropes utilizando headspace e cromatografia gasosa multidimensional acoplada a espectrometria de massas (HS - MDGC - MS)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4855.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Despite the efforts of many pharmaceutical companies to replace or reduce the content, many liquid medications still contains ethanol, which needs to have its contents regulated and monitored by quality control. Ethanol analyzes are generally carried out using one-dimensional gas chromatograph, however this technique does not always have adequate separation for the analysis of complex samples. The multidimensional chromatography has emerged as an innovative alternative because it allows the combination of two or more independent separation steps, significantly increasing the power of separation of the corresponding one-dimensional techniques. In this way, towards doing ethanol analysis in syrups for child and adult audience, a method by multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed and validated for quality control purposes in the pharmaceutical industry. The analytical method developed led to a gain in selectivity by using the headspace extraction phase of ethanol in miniaturized and automated sample preparation. The use of HS-MDGC / GCMS provided a better separation of syrup components allowing to evidence that some commercial syrup have ethanol content above the maximum levels recommended by ANVISA. The method was validated according to standards established by ANVISA. The method was validated according ANVISA standards, presenting LOD 0.03% (v / v) and the LOQ of 0.06% (v / v) ethanol. The recovery values were 96.71% to 101.38%. Commercial samples of syrup in selected pharmacies in Goiânia/GO were analyzed by the proposed method and the content of ethanol in some samples was higher than maximum value allowed for this medicines.
Apesar dos esforços de muitas empresas farmacêuticas em substituir ou reduzir o teor alcoólico, muitos medicamentos líquidos ainda contém etanol, o qual precisa ter seu teor regulado e monitorado por técnicas específicas e precisas de controle da qualidade. Análises de etanol são geralmente realizadas utilizando cromatografia gasosa unidimensional, porém esta técnica nem sempre apresenta adequada separação para a análise de amostras complexas. A cromatografia multidimensional surgiu como uma alternativa inovadora, pois permite a combinação de duas ou mais etapas de separação independentes, aumentando significativamente o poder de separação das técnicas unidimensionais correspondentes. Assim, visando efetuar a análise de etanol em xaropes destinados ao público infantil e adulto, um método via cromatografia gasosa multidimensional acoplada à espectrometria de massas foi desenvolvido e validado para fins de controle de qualidade na indústria farmacêutica. O método analítico desenvolvido proporcionou ganho de seletividade pela utilização do headspace como fase extratora de etanol em sistema miniaturizado e automatizado de preparo de amostra. O uso de HS-MDGC-MS proporcionou a separação mais adequada dos componentes do xarope, permitindo evidenciar que alguns xaropes comerciais apresentam teor de etanol acima dos teores máximos preconizados pela Anvisa. O método foi validado segundo as normas estabelecidas pela Anvisa apresentando LD de 0,03% (v/v) e o LQ de 0,06% (v/v) de etanol. Os valores de recuperação foram de 96,71% a 101,38%. Amostras comerciais de xarope selecionados em farmácias de Goiânia/GO foram analisadas pelo método proposto, sendo que em algumas dessas amostras a concentração de etanol obtida foi superior aos limites máximos permitidos nestes medicamentos.
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Xiong, Haiyan. "Providing a formal linkage between MDG and HOL based on a verified MDG system." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2002. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6731/.
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Formal verification techniques can be classified into two categories: deductive theorem proving and symbolic state enumeration. Each method has complementary advantages and disadvantages. In general, theorem provers are high reliability systems. They can be applied to the expressive formalisms that are capable of modelling complex designs such as processors. However, theorem provers use a glass-box approach. To complete a verification, it is necessary to understand the internal structure in detail. The learning curve is very steep and modeling and verifying a system is very time-consuming. In contrast, symbolic state enumeration tools use a black-box approach. When verifying a design, the user does not need to understand its internal structure. Their advantages are their speed and ease of use. But they can only be used to prove relatively simple designs and the system security is much lower than the theorem proving system. Many hybrid tools have been developed to reap the benefits of both theorem proving Systems and symbolic state enumeration Systems. Normally, the verification results from one system are translated to another system. In other words, there is a linkage between the two Systems. However, how can we ensure that this linkage can be trusted? How can we ensure the verification system itself is correct? The contribution of this thesis is that we have produced a methodology which can provide a formal linkage between a symbolic state enumeration system and a theorem proving system based on a verified symbolic state enumeration system. The methodology has been partly realized in two simplified versions of the MDG system (a symbolic state enumeration system) and the HOL system (a theorem proving system) which involves the following three steps. First, we have verified aspects of correctness of two simplified versions of the MDG system. We have made certain that the semantics of a program is preserved in those of its translated form. Secondly, we have provided a formal linkage between the MDG system and the HOL system based on importing theorems. The MDG verification results can be formally imported into HOL to form the HOL theorems. Thirdly, we have combined the translator correctness theorems with the importing theorems. This combination allows the low level MDG verification results to be imported into HOL in terms of the semantics of a high level language (MDG-HDL). We have also summarized a general method which is used to prove the existential theorem for the specification and implementation of the design. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated in a case study: the verification of the correctness and usability theorems of a vending machine.
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Kledrowetz, Vilém. "Vliv rozlišení MDAC na bloky řetězového převodníku AD." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217879.
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This work deals with the influence of MDAC (multiplying DAC) resolution on basic blocks of pipelined AD converter. The MDAC was designed with 1,5 and 2,5 bits resolution structure using switched capacitor technique (SC) utilizing CMOS 0,7 m technology. Basic stages of this pipelined ADC are analyzed and compared.
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Allem, Luiz Emílio. "Polinômios multivariados : fatoração e MDC." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27080.
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Nesta tese de doutorado estudamos polinômios multivariados. Começamos fazendo uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o teorema da irredutibilidade de Hilbert. Abordamos com detalhes as demonstrações da versão clássica feita pelo próprio Hilbert e das versões efetivas feitas por Erich Kaltofen e Shuhong Gao. Desenvolvemos um novo algoritmo para fatoração de polinômios multivariados inteiros usando logaritmo discreto. Nosso método é baseado em novos tipos de reduções de polinômios multivariados para polinômios bivariados, as quais têm como principal característica manter a esparsidade do polinômio. Nosso método mostrou-se eficiente quando usado para fatorar polinômios multivariados que possuem apenas fatores esparsos e quando usado para extrair fatores esparsos de polinômios multivariados que têm fatores esparsos e densos. Terminamos essa tese trabalhando com o máximo divisor comum (mdc) de polinômios. Estudamos critérios geométricos de politopos para determinar coprimalidade entre polinômios multivariados. Desenvolvemos um novo algoritmo que trabalha em tempo polinomial (sobre o número de monômios) para detectar coprimalidade entre polinômios multivariados usando seus politopos de Newton associados. Esse método geométrico tem a vantagem de determinar a coprimalidade entre famílias de polinômios, pois podemos mudar arbitrariamente os coeficientes dos polinômios desde que certos coeficientes permaneçam não nulos. Além disso, os polinômios permanecerão coprimos sobre qualquer corpo. Terminamos mostrando como construir o mdc entre dois polinômios bivariados usando seus polígonos de Newton associados.In this dissertation we study multivariate polynomials. We begin with a bibliographical review on the Hilbert irreducibility theorem. We cover in detail the demonstrations of the classic version due to Hilbert himself and effective versions due to Erich Kaltofen and Shuhong Gao. We developed a new algorithm for factoring multivariate integral polynomials using discrete logarithm. Our method is based on new types of reductions, from multivariate polynomias to bivariate polynomials, whose main feature is to maintain the sparsity of the polynomial. Our method has proved to be eficient when used for factoring multivariate polynomials that have only sparse factors and when used to extract sparse factors of multivariate polynomials that have sparse and dense factors. We finish this dissertation studying the greatest common divisor (gcd) of polynomials. We study geometric criteria of polytopes to determine coprimality between multivariate polynomials. We developed a new algorithm that works in polynomial time (on the number of monomials) to detect coprimality between multivariate polynomials using their associated Newton polytopes. This geometric method has the advantage of determining the coprimality between families of polynomials, since we can arbitrarily change the polynomial coeficients as long as some coeficients remain nonzero. Moreover, the coprime polynomials shall remain coprime on anyfield. We ended up showing how to build the gcd between two bivariate polynomials using their associated Newton polygons.
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Paiva, Thales Areco Bandiera. "Melhorando o ataque de reação contra o QC-MDPC McEliece." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-07012018-212020/.
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O QC-MDPC McEliece foi considerado um dos mais promissores esquemas criptográficos de chave pública que oferecem segurança contra ataques por computadores quânticos. O tamanho das chaves públicas do QC-MDPC McEliece é competitivo com o das chaves do RSA, e o esquema tem uma redução de segurança aparentemente forte. Por três anos, o esquema não sofreu ataques críticos, até que na Asiacrypt de 2016 Guo, Johansson, e Stankovski mostraram um ataque de reação contra o QC-MDPC McEliece que explora um aspecto não considerado em sua redução de segurança: a probabilidade de o algoritmo de decriptação falhar é menor quando a chave secreta e o vetor usado para encriptar a mensagem compartilham certas propriedades, chamadas de espectros. Dessa forma, um atacante pode, ao detectar falhas de decriptação, obter informação sobre o espectro, que será usada para reconstruir a chave secreta. Guo et al. apresentaram um algoritmo para a reconstrução da chave a partir do espectro recuperado, para o qual é possível apontar três problemas. O primeiro é que seu algoritmo não é eficiente quando o espectro da chave não foi recuperado quase completamente, o que resulta em o atacante ter que enviar um grande número de testes de decriptação à portadora da chave secreta. O segundo problema é que o desempenho de seu algoritmo não escala bem para níveis de segurança mais altos. O terceiro e último problema é que, por ser baseado numa busca em profundidade, seu algoritmo não pode ser paralelizado trivialmente. Para aumentar a eficiência do ataque, dois novos algoritmos de reconstrução são propostos neste trabalho. Estes algoritmos são mais eficientes, usam menos informação sobre a chave secreta, e podem ser paralelizados trivialmente. O primeiro algoritmo é probabilístico e tem complexidade assintótica ligeiramente melhor do que a do original. Entretanto, o desempenho do algoritmo probabilístico piora rapidamente, embora mais lentamente do que o algoritmo de Guo et al., conforme a quantidade de informação sobre o espectro diminui. O segundo algoritmo explora uma relação linear entre os blocos da chave secreta. Este é mais eficiente, tanto assintoticamente quanto na prática, que os dois outros algoritmos, e é eficiente mesmo com 50% menos informação sobre o espectro do que o necessário para o algoritmo original. Isso permite que o atacante encontre a chave secreta fazendo apenas em torno de 20% do número de testes necessários pelo algoritmo de Guo\'s et al., considerando-se o nível de segurança de 80 bits. O desempenho de ambos os algoritmos são analisados e comparados com o do algoritmo original, e as análises são feitas tanto para a complexidade teórica quanto para o desempenho na prática, considerando a implementação dos algoritmos em linguagem C.The QC-MDPC McEliece scheme was considered one of the most promising public key encryption schemes for efficient post-quantum secure encryption. As a variant of the McEliece scheme, it is based on the syndrome decoding problem, an NP-hard problem from Coding Theory. The key sizes are competitive with the ones of the widely used RSA cryptosystem, and it came with an apparently strong security reduction. For three years, the scheme has not suffered major threats, until the end of 2016, when Guo, Johansson, and Stankovski presented at Asiacrypt a reaction attack on the QC-MDPC that exploits one aspect that was not considered in the security reduction: the probability of a decoding failure to occur is lower when the secret key and the error used for encryption share certain properties, which they called spectrums. By detecting decoding failures, the attacker can obtain information on the spectrum of the secret key and then use this information to reconstruct the key. Guo et al. presented an algorithm for key reconstruction for which we can point three weaknesses. The first one is that it cannot deal efficiently with partial information on the spectrum of the secret key, resulting in the attacker having to send a great number of decoding trials. The second one is that it does not scale well for higher security levels. The third one is that the algorithm, which is based on a depth-first search, cannot be trivially parallelized. To improve the efficiency of the attack, we propose two different key reconstruction algorithms that are more efficient, use less information on the secret key, and can be trivially parallelized. The first algorithm, which is a simple probabilistic extension of Guo\'s et al. algorithm, is more efficient and runs increasingly faster, for higher security levels, than the original one. However, for security levels higher than 80 bits, the probabilistic algorithm cannot run efficiently without too much information on the spectrum of the secret key, even though it needs less information than the original algorithm. The second algorithm is based on a linear relation between the blocks of the secret key. It can run efficiently with around 50% less information than needed by Guo\'s et al. key reconstruction algorithm. This makes it possible for an attacker to recover the secret key sending approximately 20% of the of the number of decoding trials needed by Guo\'s et al. algorithm, for the security level of 80 bits. The performance of each presented algorithm is analyzed and compared with that of the original one. The analysis are made theoretically, considering a probabilistic analysis of the algorithms, and in practice, considering the corresponding implementations in C language.
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Jury, Jennifer Anne. "Studies on fertilin and related MDC genes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484281.
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Zobair, Md Hasan. "Modeling and formal verification of a telecom system block using MDGs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59312.pdf.
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Martins, Homero de Oliveira. "QC-MDPC McEliece : uma implementação otimizada de uma nova variante Mceliece." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/17327.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2014.Submitted by Larissa Stefane Vieira Rodrigues (larissarodrigues@bce.unb.br) on 2014-12-11T17:14:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_HomeroDeOliveiraMartins.pdf: 543126 bytes, checksum: 1f049b4a95888db179d9ae47dd753632 (MD5)
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Esta dissertação apresenta a implementação de uma versão otimizada de uma variante McEliece. O criptossistema de McEliece é um exemplo de criptografia baseada em códigos que representa uma alternativa aos criptossistemas atuais mais populares e comerciais, pois até o presente momento ele é imune à computação quântica. Possui algoritmos rápidos e simples, porém uma desvantagem sua é o tamanho das chaves com as quais trabalha. Ao substituir os códigos Goppa da proposta McEliece original por códigos LDPC e MDPC é possível conseguir chaves muito menores. Ao aplicar técnicas de programação tais como a paralelização de operações e ao mesmo tempo utilizar decodificadores eficientes de códigos LDPC é possível alcançar bons resultados e um desempenho otimizado do criptossistema baseado em códigos provando que ele deve de fato ser levado em consideração como um forte candidato substituto para o RSA e o DSA enquanto os computadores quânticos surgem para facilmente computar logaritmos discretos e fatorar grandes números inteiros. __________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This paper presents the implementation of an optimized version of a McEliece variant. The McEliece cryptosystem is an example of code-based cryptography which is an alternative to the most popular and commercial cryptosystems nowadays as it is believed to be immune to quantum computing. It has simple and fast algorithms, but its drawback is the size of the keys it has to deal with. By substituting the Goppa codes of the McEliece original proposal by LDPC and MDPC codes it’s possible to achieve much smaller keys. And by applying programming technics such as parallelization of operations and also utilizing efficient decoders of LDPC codes it’s possible to achieve really good results and optimal performances of the code-based cryptosystem showing that it really has to be considered as a strong substitute to RSA and DSA as quantum computers emerge to easily compute discrete logarithms and factor large integers.
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Tagliani, Marcela Martini [UNESP]. "Resposta de celúlas odontoblastóides MDPC-23 irradiadas com LED de 630nm." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95509.
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tagliani_mm_me_arafo.pdf: 1416082 bytes, checksum: 174957378ca932650c1583b4139e4afe (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Na biofotônica, lasers e LEDs (light-emitting diodes) têm sido empregados na bioestimulação de células e tecidos. LED é um diodo semicondutor que, quando energizado, produz luz de espectro estreito, em forma de eletroluminescência. Experimentos in vitro utilizando LEDs com diferentes comprimentos de onda demonstraram a ocorrência de significativo estímulo no crescimento celular, efeito antiinflamatório e antimicrobiano, além do metabolismo celular aumentado. Na odontologia, a aplicação clínica de lasers e LEDs em terapias objetivando a redução da hipersensibilidade dentinária tem se mostrado efetiva, através de aparente síntese e deposição de dentina reacional. Entretanto, não há trabalhos na literatura que demonstrem o efeito do LED sobre a cultura de odontoblastos, tampouco dados científicos caracterizando a relação entre LED e redução da hipersensibilidade dentinária. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a ação do LED em 630 nm sobre o metabolismo de células de linhagem odontoblástica MDPC-23. Para isto, as células foram descongeladas, cultivadas e plaqueadas. Então, o LED foi aplicado diretamente sobre estas células, em diferentes tempos (20, 40, 80 e 240”) e condições de estresse (2 ou 10% de SFB), de acordo com cada grupo experimental, por três dias consecutivos, através de um dispositivo de irradiação denominado “LEDTable”. Posteriormente, foram avaliados a viabilidade celular, através do teste MTT, e a morfologia celular, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os dados obtidos nos testes de MTT foram submetidos ao teste de Mann-Whitney para a comparação das concentrações de soro fetal bovino em cada dose de energia individualmente. Foi utilizado também o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar as diferentes doses de energia em cada concentração de soro fetal bovino. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente...
Lasers and LEDs (light-emitting diodes) have been used for biostimulation of cells and tissues. LED is a semiconductor diode which produces limited spectrum visible light. In vitro experiments using LEDs at different wavelengths have shown an enhancement of cell growth, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects and increased cell metabolism. In dentistry, the use of lasers and LEDs in therapies to reduce dental hypersensitivity has been proved to be clinically effective, through the synthesis and deposition of reactionary dentin. However, there are no studies that demonstrate the effect of LED therapy on odontoblast-like cells and there is no scientific data linking LED irradiation to dental hypersensitivity reduction. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LED 630 nm irradiation on MDPC-23 (odontoblast-like) cells metabolism. Cells were seeded on 24-wells plates and cultured. Then the LED light was directly applied to these cells under different experimental conditions (time and % of BFS), according to each experimental group, for three following days. A device named LEDTable provided red LED irradiation. Then, cell viability (MTT Assay) and cell morphology (SEM) were evaluated. The cell viability results were first submitted to Mann-Whitney tests in order to compare the fetal bovine serum concentrations and energy dose, and then Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare different energy doses in every serum concentration. Data were statistically analyzed (p=0,05). Results show a biostimulation of cells kept under normal culture conditions and submitted to low LED irradiation dose (1 J/cm2). However, under nutritional stress, cells required higher energy dose to be stimulated, such as 4 J/cm2. On the other hand, a 8 J/cm2 dose did not affect the metabolism of this immortalized cell line. The SEM analysis showed a higher number of cells attached... (Complete abstract click electronic acess below)
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Tagliani, Marcela Martini. "Resposta de celúlas odontoblastóides MDPC-23 irradiadas com LED de 630nm /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95509.
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Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Souza CostaBanca: Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidório
Banca: Cristina Kurachi
Resumo: Na biofotônica, lasers e LEDs (light-emitting diodes) têm sido empregados na bioestimulação de células e tecidos. LED é um diodo semicondutor que, quando energizado, produz luz de espectro estreito, em forma de eletroluminescência. Experimentos in vitro utilizando LEDs com diferentes comprimentos de onda demonstraram a ocorrência de significativo estímulo no crescimento celular, efeito antiinflamatório e antimicrobiano, além do metabolismo celular aumentado. Na odontologia, a aplicação clínica de lasers e LEDs em terapias objetivando a redução da hipersensibilidade dentinária tem se mostrado efetiva, através de aparente síntese e deposição de dentina reacional. Entretanto, não há trabalhos na literatura que demonstrem o efeito do LED sobre a cultura de odontoblastos, tampouco dados científicos caracterizando a relação entre LED e redução da hipersensibilidade dentinária. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a ação do LED em 630 nm sobre o metabolismo de células de linhagem odontoblástica MDPC-23. Para isto, as células foram descongeladas, cultivadas e plaqueadas. Então, o LED foi aplicado diretamente sobre estas células, em diferentes tempos (20, 40, 80 e 240") e condições de estresse (2 ou 10% de SFB), de acordo com cada grupo experimental, por três dias consecutivos, através de um dispositivo de irradiação denominado "LEDTable". Posteriormente, foram avaliados a viabilidade celular, através do teste MTT, e a morfologia celular, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os dados obtidos nos testes de MTT foram submetidos ao teste de Mann-Whitney para a comparação das concentrações de soro fetal bovino em cada dose de energia individualmente. Foi utilizado também o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar as diferentes doses de energia em cada concentração de soro fetal bovino. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Lasers and LEDs (light-emitting diodes) have been used for biostimulation of cells and tissues. LED is a semiconductor diode which produces limited spectrum visible light. In vitro experiments using LEDs at different wavelengths have shown an enhancement of cell growth, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects and increased cell metabolism. In dentistry, the use of lasers and LEDs in therapies to reduce dental hypersensitivity has been proved to be clinically effective, through the synthesis and deposition of reactionary dentin. However, there are no studies that demonstrate the effect of LED therapy on odontoblast-like cells and there is no scientific data linking LED irradiation to dental hypersensitivity reduction. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LED 630 nm irradiation on MDPC-23 (odontoblast-like) cells metabolism. Cells were seeded on 24-wells plates and cultured. Then the LED light was directly applied to these cells under different experimental conditions (time and % of BFS), according to each experimental group, for three following days. A device named LEDTable provided red LED irradiation. Then, cell viability (MTT Assay) and cell morphology (SEM) were evaluated. The cell viability results were first submitted to Mann-Whitney tests in order to compare the fetal bovine serum concentrations and energy dose, and then Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare different energy doses in every serum concentration. Data were statistically analyzed (p=0,05). Results show a biostimulation of cells kept under normal culture conditions and submitted to low LED irradiation dose (1 J/cm2). However, under nutritional stress, cells required higher energy dose to be stimulated, such as 4 J/cm2. On the other hand, a 8 J/cm2 dose did not affect the metabolism of this immortalized cell line. The SEM analysis showed a higher number of cells attached... (Complete abstract click electronic acess below)
Mestre
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Pacheco, João Rafael Caetano. "SI SC MDAC switched current-capacitor multiplying digital-to-analog converter." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7058.
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Pisini, Vijay Kumar. "Integration of HOL and MDG for hardware verification." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ47830.pdf.
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Limagne, Emeric. "Implication des cellules myéloïdes immunosuppressives (MDSC) et des lymphocytes TH17 dans l’efficacité des chimiothérapies et de l’immunothérapie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP004/document.
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L’oncologie actuelle est encore confrontée à la résistance et à la progression rapide des cancers. Les mécanismes de résistance intrinsèque développés par les cellules tumorales peuvent compromettre l’efficacité des chimiothérapies et des immunothérapies. Il est maintenant admis que l’état de la réponse immunitaire de l’hôte détermine en partie l’issue thérapeutique des patients. L’objectif de notre équipe de recherche est donc de caractériser cette réponse et d’étudier l’impact des thérapies conventionnelles sur celle-ci dans le but d’identifier les mécanismes liés à un échappement futur de la tumeur. Dans ce contexte, nous avons montré qu’une chimiothérapie (5-FU, oxaliplatine, anti-VEGF (« Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor » : FOLFOX-bevacizumab) provoque chez certains patients une chute des gMDSC (cellules myéloïdes immunosuppressives granulocytaires) périphériques qui est associée à une meilleure réponse thérapeutique. Comme chez la souris, cet effet sur les gMDSC provoque néanmoins une élévation des Th17, une population pro-angiogénique, qui limite l’efficacité de la chimiothérapie. La suite de notre travail a eu pour objectif de tester l’effet « anti-Th17 » de l’activation de l’histone désacétylase SIRT1. SIRT1 est une enzyme capable de perturber l’acétylation de STAT3, un facteur essentiel à la différenciation des Th17. Nous avons montré que l’utilisation d’agonistes pharmacologiques de SIRT1 (resvératrol, SRT1720, metformine) inhibe la polarisation des Th17 par la désacétylation de STAT3 et que cet effet permet de limiter la croissance tumorale dans un modèle de cancer colique et de mélanome chez la souris (B16F10, CT26). Nous avons validé ce concept chez l’homme, ce qui suggère qu’il est possible de cibler les Th17 par cette stratégie en complément de la chimiothérapie. Le dernier volet de ce travail est consacré à la comparaison du profil immunologique périphérique de volontaires sains à celui d’une cohorte prospective de cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules. Cette étude nous a permis de mettre en lumière les altérations immunitaires induites par la tumeur et de lier ces altérations à la réponse au nivolumab (anti-PD-1). Un premier modèle prédictif de réponse a pu être généré grâce aux données d’un panel d’analyse des cellules myéloïdes. Ce modèle révèle une fois encore que les cellules gMDSC ont un rôle prédictif défavorable, alors que les populations présentatrices d’antigènes (cellules dendritiques et monocytes) exprimant PD-L1 ont un bon rôle prédictif. Les données présentées dans cette partie sont préliminaires et devront être confirmées avec la cohorte de validation qui est en cours d’inclusion. L’ensemble de ce travail a permis de montrer qu’il est essentiel de cibler spécifiquement les cellules myéloïdes immunosuppressives et les Th17 pour favoriser l’efficacité des chimiothérapies et de l’immunothérapie dans le cancerActual oncology is still facing resistance and rapid progression of cancer. Intrinsic resistance mechanisms developed by tumor cells determine chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy. It is now recognized that the host immune response status is in part implicated in the therapeutic outcome of patients. The aim of our research team is to characterize this response and to study the impact of therapies in order to identify the mechanisms associated with future exhaust of the tumor. In this context, we have shown that chemotherapy (5-FU, oxaliplatin, anti-VEGF: FOLFOX-bevacizumab) in some patients causes a drop in devices gMDSC (granulocytic myeloid derived suppressive cells) that is associated with better therapeutic response. Nevertheless, as in mice, this effect on gMDSC causes an elevation of Th17, a pro-angiogenic population, which limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The result of our work was aimed to test the effect "anti-Th17" activating SIRT1 deacetylase histone. SIRT1 is an enzyme capable of disrupting the acetylation of STAT3, a key factor in the differentiation of Th17. We have shown that by using pharmacological agonists SIRT1 (resveratrol, SRT1720, metformin) inhibits Th17 polarization by deacetylation of STAT3 and that this effect can limit tumor growth in colorectal and melanoma murine models (B16F10, CT26). We validated this concept in humans, suggesting that it is possible to target Th17 cells by this strategy in addition to chemotherapy. The final component of this work is devoted to the comparison of peripheral immunological profile of healthy volunteers to a prospective cohort of non-small cell lung cancer. This study has allowed us to highlight the immune alterations induced by the tumor and to link these changes in response to nivolumab (anti-PD-1). A first response predictive model could be generated using data from a panel analysis of myeloid cells. This model proves once again that gMDSC have a negative predictive role, while antigen presenting (dendritic cells and monocytes) expressing PD-L1 has a good predictive role. Data presented in this section are preliminary and must be confirmed with the validation cohort that is currently included. All of this work has shown that it is essential to specifically target immunosuppressive myeloid cells and Th17 to promote the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer
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Balakrishnan, Subhashini. "A hierarchical approach to the formal verification of embedded systems using MDGs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ47823.pdf.
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Malik, Manish. "MDC a Mobile Data Collection System for Pocket PC /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000569.
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NUNES, Roberto da Silva. "Números primos e a constituição do MMC e MDC." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/10514.
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Nesta pesquisa temos como objetivo elaborar uma Sequência Didática baseada em Rickenmann e sempre recorrendo a conhecimentos prévios que favoreçam a compreensão das noções de Mínimo Múltiplo Comum (MMC) e do Máximo Divisor Comum (MDC) inspirados no Crivo de Eratóstenes. Para alcançar o objetivo, assumiremos como suporte teórico a Teoria das Situações Didáticas fazendo uso de aspectos da Engenharia Didática como metodologia de pesquisa. Para elaboração da Sequência realizamos um estudo histórico com viés epistemológico abarcando as definições matemáticas à luz da Teoria dos Números, bem como a extensão dos mesmos, o conhecimento das origens e como os objetos vêm sendo pesquisados e apresentados em livros didáticos.
In this research we aim to elaborate a Didactic Sequence based on Rickenmann and always resorting to previous knowledge that favors the understanding of the notions of Minimum Common Multiple (CMM) and Maximum Common Divisor (MDC) inspired by the Sieve of Eratosthenes. In order to reach the objective, we will assume as theoretical support the Theory of Didactic Situations making use of Didactic Engineering aspects as research methodology. For the elaboration of the Sequence we carry out a historical study with epistemological bias covering the mathematical definitions in the light of Number Theory, as well as the extension of the same ones, the knowledge of the origins and how the objects have been researched and presented in didactic books.
SEDUC/PA - Secretaria de Estado de Educação
SEMEC/PA - Secretaria Municipal de Educação
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Metzger, Philipp [Verfasser], and Max [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnurr. "Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in murine pancreatic cancer: Role of IRF4 in development and function of MDSC in RIG-I-like helicase-based immunotherapy / Philipp Metzger ; Betreuer: Max Schnurr." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1213245826/34.
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Motyl, Myriam [Verfasser]. "Die Expression des molekularen Chaperons Mdg1 während der Embryonalentwicklung des Huhns / Myriam Motyl." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051292867/34.
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Berger, Bernhard. "Charakterisierung der stressinduzierten Genexpression in Endothelzellen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des molekularen Chaperons Mdg1 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971484171.
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Chaulet, Julia. "Etude de cryptosystèmes à clé publique basés sur les codes MDPC quasi-cycliques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066064/document.
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L’utilisation des codes MDPC (Moderate Density Parity Check) quasi-cycliques dans le cryptosystème de McEliece offre un schéma de chiffrement post-quantique dont les clés ont une taille raisonnable et dont le chiffrement et le déchiffrement n’utilisent que des opérations binaires. C’est donc un bon candidat pour l’implémentation embarquée ou à bas coût.Dans ce contexte, certaines informations peuvent être exploitées pour construire des attaques par canaux cachés.Ici, le déchiffrement consiste principalement à décoder un mot de code bruité. Le décodeur utilisé est itératif et probabiliste : le nombre d’itérations de l'algorithme varie en fonction des instances et certains décodages peuvent échouer. Ces comportements ne sont pas souhaitables car ils peuvent permettre d’extraire des informations sur le secret.Une contremesure possible est de limiter le nombre d’instances de chiffrement avec les mêmes clés. Une autre façon serait de recourir à un décodage à temps constant dont la probabilité d’échec au décodage est négligeable. L’enjeu principal de cette thèse est de fournir de nouveaux outils pour analyser du comportement du décodeur pour la cryptographie.Dans un second temps, nous expliquons pourquoi l'utilisation des codes polaires n'est pas sûre pour le cryptosystème de McEliece. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons de nouvelles techniques afin de résoudre une équivalence de codes. Nous exhibons de nombreux liens entre les codes polaires et les codes de Reed-Muller et ainsi d'introduire une nouvelle famille de codes : les codes monomiaux décroissants. Ces résultats sont donc aussi d'un intérêt indépendant pour la théorie des codesConsidering the McEliece cryptosystem using quasi-cylcic MDPC (Moderate Density Parity Check matrix) codes allows us to build a post-quantum encryption scheme with nice features. Namely, it has reasonable key sizes and both encryption and decryption are performed using binary operations. Thus, this scheme seems to be a good candidate for embedded and lightweight implementations. In this case, any information obtained through side channels can lead to an attack. In the McEliece cryptosystem, the decryption process essentially consists in decoding. As we consider the use of an iterative and probabilistic algorithm, the number of iterations needed to decode depends on the instance considered and some of it may fail to be decoded. These behaviors are not suitable because they may be used to extract information about the secrets. One countermeasure could be to bound the number of encryptions using the same key. Another solution could be to employ a constant time decoder with a negligible decoding failure probability, that is to say which is about the expected security level of the cryptosystem. The main goal of this thesis is to present new methods to analyse decoder behavior in a cryptographic context.Second, we explain why a McEliece encryption scheme based on polar code does not ensure the expected level of security. To do so, we apply new techniques to resolve the code equivalence problem. This allows us to highlight several common properties shared by Reed-Muller codes and polar codes. We introduce a new family of codes, named decreasing monomial codes, containing both Reed-Muller and polar codes. These results are also of independent interest for coding theory
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Kayembe, Lidia. "The Health of Nations: Three Essays In Health Economics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31510.
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Three essays form this thesis which addresses the effectiveness of interventions aimed at attaining two health Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations: a 2/3rds reduction by 2015 of 1990 child mortality rates (MDG4) and 3/4th reduction of 1990 maternal mortality rates by the same date (MDG5). The first chapter assesses the relative efficiency of 85 countries at using these interventions for the reduction of child and maternal mortality. It teases out the extent to which mortality reduction is a result of the interventions themselves as opposed to the context in which they are implemented. A three step procedure which includes Data Envelopment Analysis indicates that efficiency is mainly driven by context.
Chapter 2 addresses the association between the 2000-2008 rates of change of interventions and the rate of change of mortality. It uses finite mixture modeling to take account of the possibility that there may be underlying heterogeneity in the mortality reduction functions of the 32 sub-Saharan African countries studied. Results support this hypothesis and show that an intervention may exhibit increasing returns to scale in some countries and decreasing returns to scale in others.
Chapter 3 assesses the link between interventions and mortality rates and examines cost minimizing scenarios for attaining MDG4 and MDG5 in 27 sub-Saharan African countries. Lagged data on interventions predicts mortality rates (by OLS) to take into account the potential reverse causality between the two. Results indicate that achieving MDG mortality targets at the least possible cost invariably requires very substantive increases in medical human resources, yet training physicians has not been the main objective of public health organizations. Furthermore, improving the context in which interventions are implemented - increasing female literacy or effectiveness of political stability- allows countries to reach mortality targets with substantially lower levels of interventions (including, much lower levels of physician density).
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Verrier, Benoît. "Loyauté militante et fragmentation des partis : du CERES au MDC." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30004.
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La thèse a pour objet les transformations du courant socialiste dirigé par l-P. Chevènement (CERES, Socialisme et République, MDC). Elle interroge les modes de cohésion d'un courant politique pris dans une histoire politique longue de la gauche et de la Vème République (de 1958 à 2000) et veut saisir les conditions de la survie d'un groupe politique sous une forme collective dans une conjoncture de fragmentation partisane et de délitement des liens politiques. Les réinventions successives du groupe, autour de ses dispositions sociales dans les années 60, d'alliances internes dans les années 70 et autour d'un nom, Chevènement, dans la période la plus récente constituent les trois séquences structurant le travail. Elles montrent que le maintien d'un collectif est le produit d'une capacité à se laisser investir et redéfinir par des groupes de soutien. Elles permettent aussi de relire les thèses classiques de l'histoire du PS et de son intégration dans le jeu de la Vème RépubliqueThe thesis is about the changes of the socialist " courant ", managed by J. -P. Chevènement (CERES, Socialisme et République, MDC). It asks the modes of political faction's cohesion, considered into long political history of the Left and the Fifth Republic institutionalisation (from 1958 to 2000). Thesis analyses the maintenance's conditions of political group during period of party's fragmentation and political links desintegretion. The three successive changes (around social background in the 60's, around internal alliances in the 70's and around a name, Chevènement in the 90's) form the three parts of the work. They demonstrate that survival of a collective " courant " is the result of one ability of the group to be invested and re-defined by different kinds of supports. The work takes a fresh look at classical thesis of PS's history and its integration in the Fifth Republic
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Assimacopoulos, Evangelia Maria. "Monitoring and Targeting of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in Different Mouse Cancer Models." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318817.
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Nolan, Michelle Louise. "Proteins of the organic matrix of dentine and calcium transport in MDPC-23 cells." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510965.
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Erven, Gustavo Cordeiro Galvão van. "MDG-NoSQL : modelo de dados para bancos NoSQL baseados em grafos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.03.D.18992.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, 2015.Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2015-11-03T18:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_GustavoCordeiroGalvãoVanErven.pdf: 2937303 bytes, checksum: afdc1b126b59eacc4b9a3b62bc412d1b (MD5)
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Os bancos de dados em grafo vêm se tornando populares juntamente com as demais iniciativas NoSQL. Porém, os bancos de dados em grafos não possuem uma notação padrão. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho agrupa diversas notações e propostas de modelagem em grafos, construindo um novo modelo, chamado de Modelo de Dados para Bancos NoSQL Baseados em Grafos (MDG-NoSQL), com recursos para agrupar em uma notação as características dos bancos de dados em grafos. Esse modelo foi validado utilizando a implementação de um banco de dados de vínculos societários de empresas, combinados com os relacionamentos dessas pessoas jurídicas com os processos de compras, também chamadas de licitações, junto ao Governo Federal (Banco de Vínculos Simpli_cado para Licitações e Sociedades). Esse estudo de caso foi direcionado para auxiliar na detecção de fraudes em processos licitatórios que, além de ser diretamente aplicável a vários órgãos de controle, perícia e inteligência em âmbito nacional, permite extrair fundamentos extens íveis a outros problemas com modelagens de vínculos.
Currently, Graph Databases are becoming popular along with other NoSQL initiatives. Thus, researchers and companies have been developing data models to manipulate information as graphs However, there is no standard notation involves several features and structures of the graph databases. This model introduces several notations and concepts for building a new graph data model, called Data Model for NoSQL Graph Databases (GDM-NoSQL). The GDM-NoSQL was veri_ed through a database for investigate relationships between companies and people as well as information about the procurements that these companies participated in with the Federal Government. This database was designed to facilitate the process of searching for frauds and to be used on multiple contexts, i.e. several di_erent national agencies. Finally, the designed model was implemented in both a relational and a graph database in order to validate the hypothesis that writing relationships is simpler and more e_cient in graph models than relational databases.
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Mundy-Bosse, Bethany L. "Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor Immunology." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1311261626.
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Shahzad, Khurram. "Low-power 8-bit Pipelined ADC with current mode Multiplying Digital-to-Analog Converter (MDAC)." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20314.
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In order to convert the analog information in the digital domain, pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) offers an optimum balance of resolution, speed, power consumption, size and design effort.
In this thesis work we design and optimize a 8-bit pipelined ADC for low-power. The ADC has stage resolution of 1.5-bit and employ current mode multiplying analog-to-digital converter (MDAC). The main focus is to design and optimize the MDAC. Based on the analysis of "On current mode circuits" discussed in chapter 2, we design and optimize the MDAC circuit for the best possible effective number of bits (ENOB), speed and power consumption. Each of the first six stages consisting of Sample-and-Hold, 1.5-bit flash ADC and MDAC is realized at the circuit level. The last stage consisting of 2-bit flash ADC is also realized at circuit level. The delay logic for synchronization is implemented in Verilog-A and MATLAB. A first order digital error-correction algorithm is implemented in MATLAB.
The design is simulated in UMC 0.18um technology in Cadence environment. The choice of technology is made as the target application for the ADC, 'X-ray Detector System' is designed in the same technology. The simulation results obtained in-term of ENOB and power consumption are satisfactory for the target application.
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Schlecker, Eva [Verfasser], and Viktor [Akademischer Betreuer] Umansky. "The role of tumor-infiltrating MDSC subsets in tumor progression / Eva Schlecker ; Betreuer: Viktor Umansky." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1179229649/34.
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Kong, Pak-wing, and 江柏榮. "Development of fully automatable multidimensional liquid chromatography (MDLC) with online tandem mass spectrometry for shotgunproteomics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48199278.
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Proteomics is the systematic study of the proteome: the total protein expression of a cell or tissue under specified conditions. The multiplicity and complexity of proteins in cells requires sensitive, selective, and comprehensive methodologies for their distinction and characterization. Multidimensional liquid chromatography (MDLC) coupled with biological tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is uniquely suited to fulfill those requirements and has become an indispensable tool in MS-based proteomics. Our laboratory has developed an online high-/low-pH reversed-phase/reversed-phase (RP–RP) LC system exhibiting fully automatable and reproducible performance. It is a promising alternative to the strong cation exchange/reversed-phase (SCX–RP) system commonly used in high-throughput comprehensive proteomics analyses. The first part of this Thesis (Chapter 2) describes the development of a variant of the high-/low-pH RP–RP platform—RP–SCX–RP—that integrates an additional SCX trap column between the two RP columns to enhance sample recovery. This new system allows the detection of larger numbers of hydrophilic peptides. Indeed, in the analyses of a lysate of Arabidopsis chloroplast proteins, it identified approximately 25% more non-redundant proteins than those identified using the previous version of the RP–RP system. The modified platform has been extended for the online removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate and other excess interference chemicals used in Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) reactions, thereby avoiding the need for time-consuming offline SCX clean-up prior to RP–RP separation in the quantitative proteomics analyses of crude biological samples at low-microgram levels. A novel online three-dimensional liquid chromatography (3DLC) system was derived from the RP–SCX–RP design, exhibiting remarkably enhanced orthogonality, resolution, and peak capacity. Peptides were separated in the first-dimension high-pH RP column based on their hydrophobicity, followed by sub-fractionation in the second-dimension SCX column, primarily based on charge; the third dimension was a typical low-pH RP separation, prior to MS analysis. The overall performance of the system was evaluated through analysis of a cell lysate of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Relative to the two-dimensional high-/low-pH RP–RP system, the new 3D system yielded significant increases in the number of unique peptides and proteins identified, making it a good alternative to SCX–RP and high-/low-pH RP–RP as an efficient automated MDLC platform for high-throughput shotgun proteomics. An optimized and miniaturized variant of the three-dimensional LC platform was also developed. Its simplified setup and operation, by decreasing the number of six-port switching valves (from three to two) and the number of SCX fractionation steps, minimized both the potential sample loss and the total analysis time (by ca. 30%). Thus, a variety of novel, automatable, and robust RP–SCX–RP-based MDLC platforms have been developed for high-throughput qualitative and quantitative analysis. The performance of these systems complements conventional MDLC systems, with enhanced quality, quantity, reproducibility, and throughput of protein identification and quantification.published_or_final_version
Chemistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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El-Hadi, Mariam. "Mdg1 und die UPR - Stellung und Funktion des Hsp40-Chaperones in der Unfolded Protein Response." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
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Johannes, Stensson, and Halvar Malin. "När kan Tanzanias fattigdom elimineras? : En analys av bistånd, tillväxt och fattigdom." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-32993.
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Khaled, Khoaja M. "Tuberculosis (TB) progress toward Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and DOTS in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR)." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05022008-152504/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Frances McCarty, committee chair; Derek G. Shendell, co-chair; Ike S Okosun, committee member. Electronic text (140 p. : col. ill., col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 15, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108).
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Pothmann, Daniela [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung der gewebespezifischen Proteinverteilung des molekularen Chaperons Mdg1 und Identifizierung von Zellkompartiment-spezifischen Proteindomänen / Daniela Pothmann." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1022598694/34.
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Lereclus, Emilie. "Origine et rôles des cellules myéloïdes suppressives dans le sepsis." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0060/document.
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Les Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) sont une population hétérogène de cellules myéloïdes immatures, regroupées en deux sous-populations : les monocytiques-MDSC (M-MDSC) et les polymorphonucléaires-MDSC (PMN-MDSC). Ces cellules ont des capacités immunosuppressives et peuvent exprimer le ligand PD-L1 induisant l’anergie des lymphocytes T qui expriment le marqueur PD-1. Au cours du sepsis, divers bouleversements immunologiques surviennent, et la fonction majeure des MDSC est probablement de réguler l’hyper-inflammation en participant à l’état d’immunodépression rencontré chez les patients. Ceux-ci ont alors un risque de développer des infections secondaires, et de réactiver des virus jusque-là en latence. Notre étude a pour objectifs de mettre en évidence l’origine des MDSC dans le sepsis, et d’approfondir leurs rôles dans l’état d’immunosuppression, notamment dans la réactivation du Torque Teno Virus (TTV). Nos résultats montrent tant ex vivo qu’in vitro, que dans le sepsis, les MDSC sont produites par la moelle osseuse, sous l’influence du G-CSF et de l’IL-6. Ces cellules exprimant PD-L1, sont augmentées dans le sang très tôt dans le sepsis et persistes au cours de l’hospitalisation. L’augmentation de la charge virale du TTV est observée dans le sang périphérique des patients, mais n’est pas corrélée à la fréquence des MDSC. Ces résultats suggèrent que lors d’un sepsis, l’orage cytokinique stimule la production de MDSC exprimant PD-L1 par la moelle osseuse, qui une fois en périphérie, vont participer à l’immunosuppression généraleMyeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cell, and are regrouped in two subsets: the monocytic-MDSC (M-MDSC) and the polymorphonuclear-MDSC (PMN-MDSC). These cells have immunosuppressive capacities and mainly act on T cells. MDSC can express the ligand PD-L1 and induce PD-1 expressing-T cells exhaustion. During sepsis, several immunological changes occur, and MDSC probably downregulate the hyper-inflammatory state, contributing to the immunosuppression phase encountered in patients after a sepsis. Immunocompromised patients can develop secondary infections, and reactivate latent virus. The aims of our study were to highlight the origin of MDSC in sepsis, and to explore their roles in the immunosuppression state, especially in the Torque Teno Virus (TTV) reactivation. Our results show, both ex vivo and in vitro, that in sepsis, MDSC originate from bone marrow are induced by G-CSF and IL-6. These PD-L1 expressing-cells are increased in peripheral blood very early in sepsis, and persist during hospitalization. These MDSC are able to inhibit T cells in vitro. The increase of TTV viral load is observed in peripheral blood of patients but is not correlated with MDSC frequencies. These results suggest that during sepsis, the cytokine storm boosts PD-L1 expressing MDSC’s production by bone marrow, which contribute in peripheral blood to the immunosuppression
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Burnett, David George. "Charisma and community in a Ghanaian Independent Church." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29578/.
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In 1919, J.W. Appiah, a Methodist catechist in the Gold Coast, sought the anointing of the Holy Spirit, and began to prophesy and pray for the sick. He and his followers were expelled from the Church, and formed both a new community and a denomination known as the Musama Disco Christo Church (MDCC). It has often been argued that African Independent Churches result as a reaction to Western domination of land or people, but it is shown that this was not the primary issue with the MDCC. The initial quest was for spiritual empowerment, which resulted in prophetic revelation and the formation of a church with distinctively African characteristics. Following Appiah's death, his son (Akaboha II) became the head of the growing church, which was affected by two contemporary developments. The first was the nationalist movement led by Nkrumah, which stimulated the MDCC to a mission of the spiritual liberation of Christianity from remaining Western elements. This was achieved through the innovation of rituals and practices based upon traditional African forms. The second was revivalist teaching brought to Ghana by Pentecostal evangelists, which the MDCC adopted as "instantaneous healing". Although the church continued to grow after the fall of Nkrumah and the death of Akaboha II, in the late 1980s it started to decline. This thesis argues that the innovation of African traditions resulted in a form of contextualization that was inflexible, so the church was unable to adapt to social change and has become less relevant. Former members are now seeking a more relevant charisma of the Holy Spirit in other churches. The illiterate members prefer the Pentecostal churches, and the educated younger generation are attracted to the newer Charismatic churches.
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Weber, Rebekka Renate [Verfasser], and Viktor [Akademischer Betreuer] Umansky. "Regulation of CCR5 expression and immunosuppressive phenotype of MDSC in melanoma / Rebekka Renate Weber ; Betreuer: Viktor Umansky." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203716168/34.
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Huck, Cláudia [UNESP]. "Efeito citotóxico transdentinário do peróxido de hidrogênio em diferentes concentrações sobre células de linhagem odontoblástica MDPC-23." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89642.
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O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar in vitro os efeitos citotóxicos de diferentes concentrações de um agente clareador de ativação dual à base de peróxido de hidrogênio, sobre células de linhagem odontoblástica MDPC-23. Para isso, 50 discos de dentina com 0,5mm de espessura, obtidos de dentes terceiros molares humanos íntegros, foram tratados com EDTA 0,5 M, pH 7,4 por 1 minuto, sendo a condutância hidráulica (Lp; æL/mm2/min/cm H2O) determinada para cada um deles. Estes discos foram distribuídos em 5 grupos de acordo com os valores de permeabilidade. Os discos de dentina adaptados a um dispositivo metálico foram autoclavados, posicionados de maneira invertida (superfície pulpar dos discos voltados para cima) em recipientes plásticos de 24 compartimentos (wells). Então, 5 x 104 células MDPC-23/cm2 foram semeadas em cada compartimento. Após 72 horas de incubação na temperatura de 37º C, 5% de CO2 e 95% de ar, os dispositivos com os discos foram invertidos nos compartimentos, de tal maneira que os materiais experimentais pudessem ser aplicados (2 trocas de 15 minutos cada) sobre a superfície oclusal dos discos, caracterizando os 164 seguintes grupos experimentais: G1: H2O2 7,5%; G2: H2O2 20%; G3: H2O2 35%; e G4: gel base (sem o H2O2). No grupo controle (G5) os discos não foram tratados. Após esta etapa do experimento, o metabolismo das células MDPC-23 que permaneceram aderidas à superfície pulpar dos discos de dentina foi avaliado pela técnica de MTT. A morfologia das células e dentina tratada com os agentes experimentais foram avaliadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A análise estatística de Kruskal-Wallis demonstrou que as três concentrações do agente clareador à base de H2O2 causaram intenso efeito citotóxico sobre as células MDPC-23. As concentrações de 7,5%, 20% e 35% de H2O2 aplicadas sobre os discos de dentina com 0,5mm... .
The aim of this in vitro study was evaluate the transdentinal effects of an experimental bleaching agent with different concentration of hydrogen peroxide on the immortalized odontoblast-cell line MDPC-23. Fifty dentin disks, 0.5mm thick, cut from extracted non-carious permanent third human molar were conditioned for 1 minute with 0.5M EDTA, pH 7.4 and the hydraulic conductance (Lp; æL/mm2/min/cm H2O) was determined. The dentin discs were adapted to a metallic device which were sterilized and placed in wells of 24-well dishes (the pulpal surface of the discs remained in up position). Then, the cells were plated (5 x 104 cells/cm2) on the pulpal surface of the discs and incubated for 72 hours at 37oC, with 5% CO2 and 95% air. The metallic devices with the adapted dentin discs were inverted into the wells in such way that the experimental bleaching agents were applied on the oclusal surface of the discs for 30 minutes (2 changes of 15 minutes). The different concentration of H2O2 present in the bleaching agent gave rise to the following experimental groups: G1: 7.5% H2O2; G2: 20% H2O2; G3: 35% H2O2; and G4: 0% H2O2. In control group the dentin discs were not 167 submitted to treatment. The metabolism of MDPC-23 cells which remained attached to the pulpal surface of the discs was evaluated by the methyltetrazolium assay (MTT) and the cell and dentin morphology was assessed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The statistical analysis of Kruskal-Wallis determined that the experimental bleaching agent caused an intense cytotoxic effects on the MDPC-23 cells. This experimental agent containing H2O2 at 7.5%; 20%; and 35% concentration decreased the cell metabolism by 62.65%; 62.28%; and 65.69%, respectively. The complementary statistical test of Mann-Withney demonstrated no difference between groups 1 and 2. The bleaching agent with... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Pontes, Elaine Cristina Voltolini [UNESP]. "Citotoxidade de cimentos resinosos sobre célular obtidas da polpa de dentes humanos (HDPCs) e odontoblastóides (MDPC-23)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110829.
Full textAbstract:
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000796605.pdf: 2231117 bytes, checksum: 2cb8d762ad76e855d47d13daf8e4e4f2 (MD5)O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade de cimentos resinosos quando aplicados sobre cultura de células odontoblastóides (MDPC-23) e pulpares humanas (HDPC). Os seguintes grupos foram formados: G1 - controle (sem tratamento); G2 - Rely X Luting 2; G3 - Rely X U200; G4 - Rely X ARC. Corpos de prova padronizados, preparados com os cimentos, foram imersos em 1 mL de meio de cultura (DMEM) por 24hs para obtenção dos extratos (DMEM + componentes liberados dos cimentos). Após aplicar os extratos sobre as células por 24hs, a viabilidade (MTT assay) e tipo de morte celular (Anexina/PI), bem como a morfologia das células (MEV) foram avaliados. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística de Kruskal-Wallis complementada por Mann-Whitney (α=5%). A análise química dos extratos foi realizada por cromatografia liquida de alta performance (HPLC). Nos grupos G2, G3 e G4, observou-se redução de 95,8%, 31,5% e 22,7% na viabilidade das células MDPC-23, respectivamente. Redução de 89,4% para G2 e aumento em 11,3% e 29% para G3 e G4, respectivamente, foram observados para as HDPCs. Para as células MDPC-23, redução significativa de viabilidade ocorreu em G2 e G3 quando comparado à G1; todavia, para as HDPCs esta redução foi observada apenas em G2 (p<0,05). Para ambas as culturas usadas no estudo, ocorreu 100% de morte celular por necrose apenas em G2, onde o pH do extrato era ácido. Em G3, onde uma pequena quantidade de TEGDMA foi detectado no extrato, houve reduzida morte celular por necrose e discreta alteração morfológica nas células. Todavia, nenhum dano celular ocorreu em G4. De maneira geral, a células MDPC-23 são mais sensíveis do que as HDPCs. Concluiu-se que apenas o cimento Rely X Luting 2 causou intenso efeito citotóxico para ambas culturas de células pulpares usadas neste estudo. Rely X U200 apresentou discreta citotoxicidade, enquanto o cimento Rely X ARC não foi tóxico para as células pulpares...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of luting cements on cultured MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells and human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). The following groups were formed: G1 - control (no treatment), G2 - Rely X Luting 2, G3 - Rely X U200; G4 - Rely X ARC. Standard round specimens prepared with resin cements were immersed in 1 ml of culture medium (DMEM) for 24 hours to obtain the extract (DMEM + components released from the cement). After applying the extracts to the cells for 24 hours, the viability (MTT assay) and type of cell death (Annexin/PI) as well as cell morphology (SEM) were evaluated. The data obtained was submitted to Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis complemented by Mann-Whitney test (α=5%). The chemical analysis of the extracts was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In G2, G3 and G4, there was a reduction of 95.8 %, 31.5 % and 22.7 % in the MDPC-23 cells viability, respectively. A reduction of 89.4 % for G2, as well as an increase of 11.3 % and 29% for G3 and G4 was observed for the HDPCs, respectively. Significant reduction of MDPC-23 viability occurred for G2 and G3 compared to G1. However, for HDPCs this reduction was only observed in G2 (p<0.05). For both cell cultures used in this study, there was 10 % of cell death by necrosis only in G2, in which the pH of the extract was acid. In G3, where a small amount of TEGDMA was detected in the extracts, there was reduced cell death by necrosis and a discrete morphological alteration in cells. No cellular damage occurred in G4. In general, the MDPC-23 cells are more sensitive than HDPCs against the toxicity of resin cement components. It was found that only the Rely X Luting cement caused intense cytotoxic effect for both pulp cell cultures used in this study. Rely X U200 showed mild cytotoxicity, whereas the cement Rely X ARC was not toxic to the pulp cells.
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Huck, Cláudia. "Efeito citotóxico transdentinário do peróxido de hidrogênio em diferentes concentrações sobre células de linhagem odontoblástica MDPC-23 /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89642.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Souza CostaBanca: Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade
Banca: José Carlos Pereira
Resumo: O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar in vitro os efeitos citotóxicos de diferentes concentrações de um agente clareador de ativação dual à base de peróxido de hidrogênio, sobre células de linhagem odontoblástica MDPC-23. Para isso, 50 discos de dentina com 0,5mm de espessura, obtidos de dentes terceiros molares humanos íntegros, foram tratados com EDTA 0,5 M, pH 7,4 por 1 minuto, sendo a condutância hidráulica (Lp; æL/mm2/min/cm H2O) determinada para cada um deles. Estes discos foram distribuídos em 5 grupos de acordo com os valores de permeabilidade. Os discos de dentina adaptados a um dispositivo metálico foram autoclavados, posicionados de maneira invertida (superfície pulpar dos discos voltados para cima) em recipientes plásticos de 24 compartimentos ("wells"). Então, 5 x 104 células MDPC-23/cm2 foram semeadas em cada compartimento. Após 72 horas de incubação na temperatura de 37º C, 5% de CO2 e 95% de ar, os dispositivos com os discos foram invertidos nos compartimentos, de tal maneira que os materiais experimentais pudessem ser aplicados (2 trocas de 15 minutos cada) sobre a superfície oclusal dos discos, caracterizando os 164 seguintes grupos experimentais: G1: H2O2 7,5%; G2: H2O2 20%; G3: H2O2 35%; e G4: gel base (sem o H2O2). No grupo controle (G5) os discos não foram tratados. Após esta etapa do experimento, o metabolismo das células MDPC-23 que permaneceram aderidas à superfície pulpar dos discos de dentina foi avaliado pela técnica de MTT. A morfologia das células e dentina tratada com os agentes experimentais foram avaliadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A análise estatística de Kruskal-Wallis demonstrou que as três concentrações do agente clareador à base de H2O2 causaram intenso efeito citotóxico sobre as células MDPC-23. As concentrações de 7,5%, 20% e 35% de H2O2 aplicadas sobre os discos de dentina com 0,5mm... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The aim of this in vitro study was evaluate the transdentinal effects of an experimental bleaching agent with different concentration of hydrogen peroxide on the immortalized odontoblast-cell line MDPC-23. Fifty dentin disks, 0.5mm thick, cut from extracted non-carious permanent third human molar were conditioned for 1 minute with 0.5M EDTA, pH 7.4 and the hydraulic conductance (Lp; æL/mm2/min/cm H2O) was determined. The dentin discs were adapted to a metallic device which were sterilized and placed in wells of 24-well dishes (the pulpal surface of the discs remained in up position). Then, the cells were plated (5 x 104 cells/cm2) on the pulpal surface of the discs and incubated for 72 hours at 37oC, with 5% CO2 and 95% air. The metallic devices with the adapted dentin discs were inverted into the wells in such way that the experimental bleaching agents were applied on the oclusal surface of the discs for 30 minutes (2 changes of 15 minutes). The different concentration of H2O2 present in the bleaching agent gave rise to the following experimental groups: G1: 7.5% H2O2; G2: 20% H2O2; G3: 35% H2O2; and G4: 0% H2O2. In control group the dentin discs were not 167 submitted to treatment. The metabolism of MDPC-23 cells which remained attached to the pulpal surface of the discs was evaluated by the methyltetrazolium assay (MTT) and the cell and dentin morphology was assessed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The statistical analysis of Kruskal-Wallis determined that the experimental bleaching agent caused an intense cytotoxic effects on the MDPC-23 cells. This experimental agent containing H2O2 at 7.5%; 20%; and 35% concentration decreased the cell metabolism by 62.65%; 62.28%; and 65.69%, respectively. The complementary statistical test of Mann-Withney demonstrated no difference between groups 1 and 2. The bleaching agent with... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre
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Pontes, Elaine Cristina Voltolini. "Citotoxidade de cimentos resinosos sobre célular obtidas da polpa de dentes humanos (HDPCs) e odontoblastóides (MDPC-23) /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110829.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Souza CostaBanca: Gelson Luis Adabo
Banca: Adriano Lima
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade de cimentos resinosos quando aplicados sobre cultura de células odontoblastóides (MDPC-23) e pulpares humanas (HDPC). Os seguintes grupos foram formados: G1 - controle (sem tratamento); G2 - Rely X Luting 2; G3 - Rely X U200; G4 - Rely X ARC. Corpos de prova padronizados, preparados com os cimentos, foram imersos em 1 mL de meio de cultura (DMEM) por 24hs para obtenção dos extratos (DMEM + componentes liberados dos cimentos). Após aplicar os extratos sobre as células por 24hs, a viabilidade (MTT assay) e tipo de morte celular (Anexina/PI), bem como a morfologia das células (MEV) foram avaliados. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística de Kruskal-Wallis complementada por Mann-Whitney (α=5%). A análise química dos extratos foi realizada por cromatografia liquida de alta performance (HPLC). Nos grupos G2, G3 e G4, observou-se redução de 95,8%, 31,5% e 22,7% na viabilidade das células MDPC-23, respectivamente. Redução de 89,4% para G2 e aumento em 11,3% e 29% para G3 e G4, respectivamente, foram observados para as HDPCs. Para as células MDPC-23, redução significativa de viabilidade ocorreu em G2 e G3 quando comparado à G1; todavia, para as HDPCs esta redução foi observada apenas em G2 (p<0,05). Para ambas as culturas usadas no estudo, ocorreu 100% de morte celular por necrose apenas em G2, onde o pH do extrato era ácido. Em G3, onde uma pequena quantidade de TEGDMA foi detectado no extrato, houve reduzida morte celular por necrose e discreta alteração morfológica nas células. Todavia, nenhum dano celular ocorreu em G4. De maneira geral, a células MDPC-23 são mais sensíveis do que as HDPCs. Concluiu-se que apenas o cimento Rely X Luting 2 causou intenso efeito citotóxico para ambas culturas de células pulpares usadas neste estudo. Rely X U200 apresentou discreta citotoxicidade, enquanto o cimento Rely X ARC não foi tóxico para as células pulpares...
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of luting cements on cultured MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells and human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). The following groups were formed: G1 - control (no treatment), G2 - Rely X Luting 2, G3 - Rely X U200; G4 - Rely X ARC. Standard round specimens prepared with resin cements were immersed in 1 ml of culture medium (DMEM) for 24 hours to obtain the extract (DMEM + components released from the cement). After applying the extracts to the cells for 24 hours, the viability (MTT assay) and type of cell death (Annexin/PI) as well as cell morphology (SEM) were evaluated. The data obtained was submitted to Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis complemented by Mann-Whitney test (α=5%). The chemical analysis of the extracts was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In G2, G3 and G4, there was a reduction of 95.8 %, 31.5 % and 22.7 % in the MDPC-23 cells viability, respectively. A reduction of 89.4 % for G2, as well as an increase of 11.3 % and 29% for G3 and G4 was observed for the HDPCs, respectively. Significant reduction of MDPC-23 viability occurred for G2 and G3 compared to G1. However, for HDPCs this reduction was only observed in G2 (p<0.05). For both cell cultures used in this study, there was 10 % of cell death by necrosis only in G2, in which the pH of the extract was acid. In G3, where a small amount of TEGDMA was detected in the extracts, there was reduced cell death by necrosis and a discrete morphological alteration in cells. No cellular damage occurred in G4. In general, the MDPC-23 cells are more sensitive than HDPCs against the toxicity of resin cement components. It was found that only the Rely X Luting cement caused intense cytotoxic effect for both pulp cell cultures used in this study. Rely X U200 showed mild cytotoxicity, whereas the cement Rely X ARC was not toxic to the pulp cells.
Mestre
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Vieira-Heddi, Cristina. "Comportement de rétrotransposons (copia, mdg1, gypsy et 412) dans les populations de Drosophila melanogaster et D. Simulans." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10273.
Full textAbstract:
Les elements transposables des genomes, qui sont responsables d'une fraction importante des mutations, participent a la diversite genetique. Il est donc fondamental de comprendre les mecanismes qui regulent leur nombre de copies dans les populations naturelles. Nous avons compare le comportement de 4 retrotransposons, copia, mdgl, 412 et gypsy, pour leur nombre de copies et leur localisation chromosomique, dans plusieurs populations naturelles de d. Simulans et d. Melanogaster. Les elements n'ont pas le meme comportement chez les deux especes ; certain qui sont fixes chez d. Simulans sont tres polymorphes chez d. Melanogaster ; d'autres tels gypsy sont representes par le meme nombre moyen de copies (1 a 2) chez les deux especes ; l'element 412 efin, presente un fort polymorphisme d'insertion, mais avec un nombre moyen de copies 2 fois plus faible chez d. Simulans que chez d. Melanogaster. Le test des modeles de dynamique de ces elements transposables montre que les trois elements, copia, mdgl et 412, suivent un modele faisant intervenir la selection contre les effets deleteres des insertions. Ce resultat permet aussi d'ecarter l'hypothese selon laquelle la taille efficace de d. Simulans, plus grande que celle de d. Melanogaster, suffirait a expliquer la difference du nombre de copies observe. Nous avons mis en evidence que l'element 412 de d. Simulans presente un cline du nombre de copies strictement lie a la variation de la latitude. L'existence de ce cline latitudinal suggere une eventuelle liaison du nombre de copies avec des facteurs de l'environnement qui restent a etre precises. En fait, une diffusion des copies entre populations voisines de drosophile suffit a expliquer la variation observee, ce qui n'exclut pas l'influence de facteurs de l'environnement comme la temperature ou l'humidite relative. L'observation d'une population de d. Simulans possedant un nombre tres eleve de copies de 412 conduit a supposer l'existence d'explosions de transposition qui peuvent avoir lieu dans des populations locales. Le taux de transposition de l'element 412 s'est cependant revele identique dans toutes les populations analysees, dont la population a nombre eleve de copies, suggerant que 412 n'est pas dereprime dans cette population. Par contre, les niveaux de transcription de l'element 412 varient selon la population analysee, indiquant l'existence de mecanismes fins de regulation du nombre de copies au niveau transcriptionnel
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Weber, Rebekka [Verfasser], and Viktor [Akademischer Betreuer] Umansky. "Regulation of CCR5 expression and immunosuppressive phenotype of MDSC in melanoma / Rebekka Renate Weber ; Betreuer: Viktor Umansky." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203716168/34.
Full text
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Yao, Guevera Assamoi. "Fiscal Decentralization and Poverty Reduction Outcomes: Theory and Evidence." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/26.
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This dissertation examines the effect of fiscal decentralization on poverty reduction and explores potential transmission channels through pro-poor sectoral outcomes such as basic education, basic healthcare and agricultural productivity. We first develop a theoretical model to explain the interaction between decentralization and poverty reduction outcomes. In particular, we show that the marginal effect of fiscal decentralization on pro-poor sectors depends largely on the outcome of the trade-off between potential benefits derived from better matching of local preference due to local proximity, and the lack of technical capacity at the local level. This finding provides, in a way, a theoretical explanation of the different outcomes observed in fiscal decentralization programs around the world. This inconclusive theoretical result motivates an empirical analysis to assess whether there is any statistical significant relationship between fiscal decentralization and poverty. We implement this estimation using the Generalized Method of Moment Instrumental Variable (GMM-IV) methodology on 97 countries spanned over the period 1975-2000. Our estimation results reveal a statistically significant, but non-linear relationship between fiscal decentralization and poverty. In addition, we empirically explore potential transmission mechanism of the effect of fiscal decentralization on poverty through three sectors (basic education, basic healthcare and agricultural extension) that have been shown in the literature on basic needs and also by development practitioners to have significant bearing on the well-being of the poor. Finally, given the relatively high level of poverty in addition to the fact that most African countries are far behind in attaining their Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) targets, we investigate whether the effect of fiscal decentralization on poverty will be greater in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) relative to other regions.
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Gamber, Michelle Leigh. "Ivory Tower as A Site of Empowerment and Environment of Risk for Female Students at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/217093.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The poor health status of people globally is a reminder of the social gradient of health that exists within countries and between countries. Together, the structural determinants and conditions of daily life constitute the social determinants of health (SDH), and result in much of the health inequity between and within countries. In an attempt to address the SDH, and challenge the world to tackle poverty and gender inequalities in the world's poorest countries, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were created. Goal three of the global Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) aims at empowering women through policies and programs that builds women's capabilities, improves their access to economic and political opportunity, and guarantees their safety. Yet, further research is needed to understand how exactly education empowers women and translates into "better lives" for women. Purpose: The overall goal is to examine how women navigate, negotiate, and mediate their sexual and reproductive health in the complex university environment. Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design and employed mixed methodology. It consisted of key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and self-administered questionnaires. Results: The case study of Ethiopia provides important lessons learned and an understanding of how to effectively implement strategies to address MDG3. Results of this study suggest that interventions should enhance women's power to make decisions and their ability to access resources. The power dynamics that continue to keep women down must be addressed to allow them the opportunity to rise to the level of their male peers.
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Wang, Ninghua. "Evidence for the Intermediate Phase in Bulk (K2O)x(GeO2)1-x glasses and its consequences on Electrical and Thermal Properties." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1187020710.
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Blattner, Carolin [Verfasser], and Viktor [Akademischer Betreuer] Umansky. "The Role of CCR5 in the Recruitment of MDSC to the Tumor Microenvironment / Carolin Blattner ; Betreuer: Viktor Umansky." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180617428/34.
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Ntukanyagwe, Michelle M. "A retrospective comparative analysis of the maternal and child health MDGs in Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda: Beyond 2015." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31186.
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The timeline of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) elapsed in 2015, global indicators showed that Africa still accounts for almost half of all child deaths globally and has the world’s highest maternal mortality rates. By the year 2015, Africa as a continent was unable to meet the maternal and child health MDG targets. This study seeks to retrospectively compare, the progress made on the maternal and child health related Millennium Development Goals namely: MDG4- Reduce child mortality and MDG5- Improve Maternal Health, in Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda. Indicators show that, only Rwanda was able to achieve the maternal and child health MDGs. Specifically, the study provides a contextual understanding of the policy interventions implemented by Rwanda, despite starting from a lower base in comparison to Burundi and Uganda due to the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. The study also sought to understand how broad governance indicators specifically, government effectiveness and control of corruption vary between the three countries: Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda as well as their impact on maternal and child health trends. The study illustrates how Rwanda’s governance is underpinned by a system that is strongly hinged on ideological clarity, good leadership, country ownership for effective policy execution and enforcement of accountability through home grown solutions like imihigo. The integration of imihigo within the health sector has, in addition to other innovative interventions, like the implementation of the Community Health Insurance Policy, deployment of over 60,000 community health workers, innovative use of ICT in health like rapid short message service (sms), drones among others. In contrasting the governance of the health sectors in Rwanda and Uganda, one of the striking differences is that in Rwanda, there are strong linkages between the local and central levels for policy implementation and evaluation, and between the health sector and finance ministry. These are indicative of strong intra-governmental accountability. Uganda on the other hand, despite having good laws and policies in place, still faces poor implementation and lack of strong accountability mechanisms, due to low levels of ownership. The contrast is also sharply illustrated by Rwanda’s higher score in the indicative measures of “government effectiveness and control of corruption”. In short, better quality governments usually have positive effect on development outcomes thanks to overall efficiency in the delivery of public services. Specific recommendations include for Uganda to generate good local governance, effective implementation of decentralisation, follow through of policies and enforcement of accountability for performance failures, the use of community health workers to address existing scarcity of health sector personnel as well as the adoption of ICT policies to support the implementation of health interventions.
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Edholm, Fredrik. "Education for all in Tanzania : A case study of the MDG footprint in Babati." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2710.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of free education for all on the primary schools in Babati, Tanzania. The study is based on the fieldwork carried out in Babati district Tanzania, where information was gathered through qualitative methods. The empirical findings are analysed using a World Bank model of how educational inputs affects welfare outcomes. The study examines the millennium development goal with respect to giving every child an education. The study shows that a bigger impact can be seen in an increased enrolment in schools. That was the result of removing the primary school fees. This has resulted in overcrowding in the primary schools, lack of enough teachers, classrooms and learning material. However, over time the performances have improved. In the short term, the removal of school fees increased enrolment but resulted in poor quality of the education. In the long term, these problems are decreasing and the educational sector can now provide education to children that could not afford it before.
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Vincent, Julie. "Rôles des cellules myéloïdes suppressives et des infiltrats immunitaires dans le cancer." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967901.
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Le système immunitaire joue un double rôle dans le cancer : il peut non seulement supprimer la croissance tumorale en détruisant les cellules cancéreuses, mais aussi promouvoir la progression de la tumeur en sélectionnant les cellules tumorales ou en créant un microenvironnement tumoral immunosuppresseur. Notre idée principale est de développer des stratégies pour mieux comprendre l'immunologie du cancer colique.Au cours de ma thèse, je me suis tout d'abord intéressée à une population du système immunitaire : les MDSC (Myeloïd Derived Suppressor Cells). Nous avons exploré des stratégies pour réduire le nombre de ces cellules au cours de la croissance tumorale. Nous avons pu découvrir que de petites doses de 5 fluorouracil sont capables d'induire spécifiquement une mort par apoptose des cellules myéloïdes suppressives. Nous avons ainsi caractérisé un effet immunologique positif nouveau du 5-fluorouracil. Cet effet immunologique contribue à l'effet antitumoral du 5-fluorouracil chez la souris. Dans une deuxième partie nous avons étudié le rôle pronostic des infiltrats immunitaires dans une série de patients présentant un cancer du côlon avec des métastases hépatiques. Nous avons étudié le rôle pronostic des infiltrats en cellules CD8, CD45R0 et Foxp3. Nous avons mis en évidence que la présence d'un fort infiltrat en cellules CD45RO et Foxp3 est un facteur de bon pronostic. L'association des 2 marqueurs permet de définir 3 groupes pronostics et ainsi d'individualiser un groupe de mauvais pronostic ne bénéficiant probablement pas de la chirurgie hépatique.
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Daniil, Dimitra. "Rock Magnetic Studies of Magnetite and Quartzite: Results at Ambient Conditions and From Diamond Anvil Pressure Experiments (~2 GPa)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-437026.
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Numerous techniques are used to study the magnetic history and properties of rocks, which provides important data on the Earth’s interior. In this study we conducted a series of experiments on two different sample sets, comprising pure magnetite (Set1) and a mixture of magnetite-hemoilmenite-bearing quartzite (Set2), in order to gather information about their magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization. A miniature diamond anvil cell (mDAC) constructed from hardened non-magnetic alloy (40HNU) was used for high pressure experiments. With the help of high sensitivity susceptibility bridge (MFK1-FA Kappabridge, AGICO), we measured the susceptibility of three samples and of the mDAC. Consequently, we loaded one of the samples in the mDAC and acquired susceptibility measurements during the compression and decompression of the system. For remanence measurements we used a 2G Enterprises SQUID magnetometer. We measured the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) and performed alternating field (AF) demagnetization on ten samples and on the mDAC. Additionally, isothermal and anhysteretic remanent magnetization (IRM and ARM) acquisition were performed on nine and one samples, respectively and demagnetization on three and one samples, respectively. Results showed that Set1 samples consist of both SD and MD magnetite grains. Regarding Set2 samples, the main magnetic carriers are SD and MD magnetite or titanium bearing magnetite grains, while there are indications that hematite and ferrimagnetic titanohematite might be present as well. The presence of eddy currents, due to the conducting materials of the mDAC, resulted in masking the signal of the sample making it difficult to draw any safe conclusions regarding how the susceptibility of the sample changes with pressure. All in all, there was a satisfactory response of the instruments working with very small amounts of material and an adequate signal stability of both the samples and the mDAC. Our study provided us with an insight into high pressure experiments and showed possible directions for future studies.Många metoder används för att studera magnetiska egenskaper i berg, vilket ger viktig information om Jordens inre. I denna studie genomförde vi en rad experiment på två olika uppsättningar prov, innefattande ren magnetit (Set1) och en blandning av magnetit-hemoilmenit-bärande kvartsit (Set2), för att samla information om deras magnetisk susceptibilitet och magnetiska remanens. En miniatyr diamantstädcell (mDAC) konstruerad av en härdad icke-magnetisk legering (40HNU) användes för högtrycksexperiment. Susceptibilitetet av tre prover och av mDAC mättes en MFK1-FA Kappabridge, AGICO. Följaktligen monterade vi ett av proverna i mDAC och vi genomförde susceptibilitetsmätningar under kompression och dekompression. Vi använde en 2G Enterprises SQUID magnetometer för remanensmätningar. Den naturlig remanentmagnetiseringen (NRM) mättes och vi utförde alternerande fält (AF) demagnetisering på tio prover och på mDAC. Dessutom genomfördes isotermisk och anhysteretisk remanentmagnetisering (IRM och ARM) på nio respektive ett prover, och demagnetisering på tre respektive ett prover. Resultaten visade att Set1-prover består av både enkeldomän (SD) och multidomän (MD) magnetit. SD och MD magnetit- och titanomagnetitkorn är de viktigaste magnetiska mineral av Set2-prover, medan finns det indikationer på att hematit och ferrimagnetisk titanohematit också bidrar till signal. Virvelströmmar, som skapats av mDACs ledande material, maskerade provets magnetiska susceptibilitet och det var svårt att kommentera på hur provets susceptibilitet förändras med tryck. Sammantaget var instrumentens prestanda tillfredsställande, även vid små mängder material. Prov och mDACs signalstabilitet var också adekvat. Vår studie gav oss en inblick i högtrycksexperiment och magnetiska egenskaper och den visade möjliga riktningar för framtida studier.