Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mdr, gene

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mdr, gene'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mdr, gene"

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Lee, Jong-Hyeong, and Jea-Young Lee. "A Comparison Study on SVM MDR and D-MDR for Detecting Gene-Gene Interaction in Continuous Data." Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods 18, no. 4 (2011): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2011.18.4.413.

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Park, Mira, Jung Wun Lee, Taesung Park, and SeungYeoun Lee. "Gene-Gene Interaction Analysis for the Survival Phenotype Based on the Kaplan-Meier Median Estimate." BioMed Research International 2020 (May 9, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5282345.

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In this study, we propose a simple and computationally efficient method based on the multifactor dimensional reduction algorithm to identify gene-gene interactions associated with the survival phenotype. The proposed method, referred to as KM-MDR, uses the Kaplan-Meier median survival time as a classifier. The KM-MDR method classifies multilocus genotypes into a binary attribute for high- or low-risk groups using median survival time and replaces balanced accuracy with log-rank test statistics as a score to determine the best model. Through intensive simulation studies, we compared the power of KM-MDR with that of Surv-MDR, Cox-MDR, and AFT-MDR. It was found that KM-MDR has a similar power to that of Surv-MDR, with less computing time, and has comparable power to that of Cox-MDR and AFT-MDR, even when there is a covariate effect. Furthermore, we apply KM-MDR to a real dataset of ovarian cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
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Wade, Herschel. "MD recognition by MDR gene regulators." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 20, no. 4 (2010): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2010.06.003.

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Croop, J. M., M. Raymond, D. Haber, et al. "The three mouse multidrug resistance (mdr) genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in normal mouse tissues." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 3 (1989): 1346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.3.1346.

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The gene responsible for multidrug resistance (mdr), which encodes the P-glycoprotein, is a member of a multigene family. We have identified distinct mdr gene transcripts encoded by three separate mdr genes in the mouse. Expression levels of each mdr gene are dramatically different in various mouse tissues. Specific mdr RNA transcripts of approximately 4.5, 5, and 6 kilobases have been detected. Each of the mdr genes has a specific RNA transcript pattern. These results should be considered in relation to understanding the normal physiological function of the mdr multigene family.
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Croop, J. M., M. Raymond, D. Haber, et al. "The three mouse multidrug resistance (mdr) genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in normal mouse tissues." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 3 (1989): 1346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.3.1346-1350.1989.

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The gene responsible for multidrug resistance (mdr), which encodes the P-glycoprotein, is a member of a multigene family. We have identified distinct mdr gene transcripts encoded by three separate mdr genes in the mouse. Expression levels of each mdr gene are dramatically different in various mouse tissues. Specific mdr RNA transcripts of approximately 4.5, 5, and 6 kilobases have been detected. Each of the mdr genes has a specific RNA transcript pattern. These results should be considered in relation to understanding the normal physiological function of the mdr multigene family.
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DelaFlor-Weiss, E., C. Richardson, M. Ward, et al. "Transfer and expression of the human multidrug resistance gene in mouse erythroleukemia cells." Blood 80, no. 12 (1992): 3106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.12.3106.3106.

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Abstract Gene therapy in humans requires the transplantation of genetically modified cells, and it is important to select only those cells capable of expressing high levels of protein from the transferred gene. Expression of the human multiple drug resistance (MDR) gene confers resistance to a variety of compounds in vitro and in vivo. To determine the feasibility of conferring recipient erythroid cells with the MDR phenotype, we have transduced mouse erythroleukemia cells (MELC) with the MDR gene in a retroviral vector. We show here that MELC clones resistant to exposure to colchicine (an MDR-responsive agent) can be isolated, and demonstrate high levels of MDR RNA and protein expression. Increasing doses of colchicine increase the level of MDR RNA and protein expression significantly. These results indicate that it is possible to transfer and express the human MDR phenotype in mouse erythroid cells by retrovirally mediated gene transfer, and that drug selection can be used to enrich or purify populations of cells containing and expressing this gene.
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DelaFlor-Weiss, E., C. Richardson, M. Ward, et al. "Transfer and expression of the human multidrug resistance gene in mouse erythroleukemia cells." Blood 80, no. 12 (1992): 3106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.12.3106.bloodjournal80123106.

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Gene therapy in humans requires the transplantation of genetically modified cells, and it is important to select only those cells capable of expressing high levels of protein from the transferred gene. Expression of the human multiple drug resistance (MDR) gene confers resistance to a variety of compounds in vitro and in vivo. To determine the feasibility of conferring recipient erythroid cells with the MDR phenotype, we have transduced mouse erythroleukemia cells (MELC) with the MDR gene in a retroviral vector. We show here that MELC clones resistant to exposure to colchicine (an MDR-responsive agent) can be isolated, and demonstrate high levels of MDR RNA and protein expression. Increasing doses of colchicine increase the level of MDR RNA and protein expression significantly. These results indicate that it is possible to transfer and express the human MDR phenotype in mouse erythroid cells by retrovirally mediated gene transfer, and that drug selection can be used to enrich or purify populations of cells containing and expressing this gene.
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Mealey, K. L. "Therapeutic implications of the MDR-1 gene." Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 27, no. 5 (2004): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00607.x.

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Mickley, L. A., B. A. Spengler, T. A. Knutsen, J. L. Biedler, and T. Fojo. "Gene rearrangement: a novel mechanism for MDR-1 gene activation." Journal of Clinical Investigation 99, no. 8 (1997): 1947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci119362.

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van der Straaten, Tahar, Riny Janssen, Dik J. Mevius, and Jaap T. van Dissel. "Salmonella Gene rma (ramA) and Multiple-Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 6 (2004): 2292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.6.2292-2294.2004.

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ABSTRACT MarA and its homologue, RamA, have been implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR). RamA overexpression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli conferred MDR independently of marA. Inactivation of ramA did not affect the antibiotic susceptibilities of wild-type S. enterica serovar Typhimurium or 15 unrelated clinical MDR isolates. Thus, ramA overexpression is not a common MDR mechanism in Salmonella.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mdr, gene"

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Raymond, Martine. "The mouse multidrug resistance mdr gene family : structure, evolution, and expression." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74614.

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The mouse multidrug resistance mdr gene family is composed of three closely related members termed mdr1, mdr2, and mdr3. Gene specific hybridization probes have been used to determine that the three mdr genes are linked on a chromosomal segment of 625 kilobases, with the gene order and orientation: (5$ sp prime$) mdr3 (3$ sp prime$)-(5$ sp prime$) mdr1 (3$ sp prime$)-(3$ sp prime$) mdr2 (5$ sp prime$). In independently derived cell lines, we observed that the emergence of multidrug resistance is linked to the overexpression of either and mdr1 or the mdr3 gene. The mdr1 gene has been isolated and its genomic organization determined: the gene spans 68 kilobases, is split into 28 exons encoding discrete predicted domains of the protein, and appears to originate from the duplication of an intron-containing ancestor gene. The mdr1 promoter has been cloned, sequenced, and the transcription start site localized. The transcriptional activities of 5$ sp prime$ deletion fragments from the mdr1 promoter fused to a reporter gene have been tested by transient transfection in a panel of mouse cell lines. These studies have allowed the identification of proximal and distal regions in the mdr1 promoter, containing basal and cell-specific transcriptional activities.
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Gonzalez, Tatiana Pereira. "Polimorfismos moleculares do gene MDR1/ABCB1 em pacientes com Lupus Erimatoso Sistêmico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12141.

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A Glicoproteína P (Pgp), produto do gene MDR1 (ABCB1), é um transportador de efluxo que age sobre uma grande variedade de substratos e constitui um mecanismo de proteção do organismo contra xenobióticos. O gene MDR1 apresenta um grande número de polimorfismos e um número cada vez maior de estudos mostra que alguns destes podem afetar a expressão e atividade da Pgp, além de apresentarem implicações no desenvolvimento e susceptibilidade a algumas doenças e também na resposta a tratamento farmacológico. No entanto, ainda existem controvérsias. A Pgp tem sido estudada em algumas doenças autoimunes, como lupus eritematoso sistêmico (SLE), onde foi detectado aumento de atividade deste transportador. Neste trabalho, os polimorfismos C1236T, G2677T/A e C3435T foram analisados em uma amostra de Brasileiros de origem Européia e em uma amostra de pacientes com SLE. Não foram detectadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as duas amostras quanto às distribuições alélicas e genotípicas destes polimorfismos. Foi observada uma maior freqüência do alelo 3435C em pacientes afrodescendentes em relação aos eurodescendentes. A análise de características clínicas mostrou que (1) pacientes com eritema malar apresentaram menor freqüência do alelo 2677A em comparação com pacientes sem eritema malar; e (2) pacientes com pleurite apresentam maior freqüência do alelo 2677A e do genótipo 2677TA em comparação com aqueles sem pleurite. Estes dados indicam um possível envolvimento destes polimorfismos na resposta imunológica, especialmente do alelo 2677A, uma vez que eritema malar e pleurite envolvem respostas imunológicas contrastantes, respectivamente, tipos Th2 e Th1.
P-glycoprotein (Pgp), the MDR1 (ABCB1) gene product, is an efflux pump that transports a huge variety of substrates and is a mechanism of xenobiotic protection. MDR1 gene presents a great number of polymorphisms and an increasing number of studies show that some of those may affect Pgp expression and activity, besides affecting the development and susceptibility of diseases and pharmacological response. However, there are still controversies. Pgp has been studied in some autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where high activity of this transporter was detected. In the present work, C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T polymorphisms were analyzed in a sample of Brazilian individuals with European ancestry and in a sample of SLE patients. No statistically significant differences were detected between these samples concerning allelic or genotypic frequencies of these polymorphisms. It was observed a higher frequency of the 3435T allele in patients with African ancestry than in patients with European ancestry. Clinical characteristics analysis showed that (1) patients developing malar rash presented lower frequency of the 2677A allele than patients without malar rash; and (2) patients with pleuritis presented higher frequency of the 2677A allele and 2677TA genotype in comparison with those without pleuritis. These data indicate possible involvement of these polymorphisms in immunological response, specially the 2677A allele, as rash malar and pleuritis are consequence of contrasting immune responses, respectively, Th2 and Th1 types.
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Baja, Karine Gehlen. "Farmacocinética do cloridrato de tramadol administrado por via oral em cães com a mutação nt230(del4) no gene MDR1." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/79520.

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A P-glicoproteína (P-gp) é uma transportadora transmembrana de múltiplos fármacos, produto do gene MDR1 (ABCB1). A P-gp contribui para a função de barreira de vários tecidos e órgãos, funcionando como uma bomba de efluxo para muitos substratos. Diminuição na expressão desta proteína é associada à sensibilidade a fármacos. Cães da linhagem dos Collies possuem uma alta incidência de uma mutação no gene MDR1, denominada nt230(del4). Animais homozigotos para a mutação apresentam a supressão total de uma P-gp funcional e um animal heterozigoto apresenta uma maior sensibilidade para substratos da P-gp, devido a uma diminuição na expressão da mesma. Alguns fármacos opioides, como a morfina e a metadona, foram identificados como substratos da P-gp. O tramadol é um dos analgésicos opioides mais utilizados em cães. No presente trabalho, a mutação MDR1 nt230(del4) foi analisada em vinte cães Collie, utilizando reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). A identificação foi realizada por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida de alta resolução, sendo o resultado confirmado por análise de sequênciamento de DNA. Como resultado, seis cães apresentaram normalidade nos dois alelos e 14 apresentaram heterozigose para a mutação. Estes animais foram submetidos à segunda fase do experimento, quando se administrou uma dose única de 100 mg de tramadol oral de liberação prolongada (SR), objetivando investigar o tramadol como sendo substrato da P-gp. Outro objetivo foi avaliar a farmacocinética deste tipo de formulação, pois ainda não foi estabelecida para cães. A análise farmacocinética do tramadol foi realizada utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com detecção por espectrometria de massas para a determinação e quantificação de tramadol no soro canino. O analito e o padrão interno foram extraídos do soro por método líquido-líquido. A separação cromatográfica foi obtida a partir de uma coluna analítica C18, mantida a 30°C, sob condições isocráticas de uma fase móvel constituída por uma mistura de acetonitrila e ácido fórmico a 0,1% (80:20). A concentração de tramadol no soro foi maior do que o limite de quantificação (LOQ), em 17 cães. Os cães foram divididos em dois grupos, cães normais (MDR1 +/+) e heterozigotos (MDR1 +/-). Os cálculos farmacocinéticos para o tramadol oral SR obtiveram valores médios de concentração máxima no soro (Cmax) de 63,12 ng/mL ± 33,35 para o grupo normal e 58,00 ng/mL ± 27,29 para o grupo heterozigoto. Tmax (tempo de concentração plasmática maxima) foi de 4 h para ambos os grupos e t ½ (meia-vida) foram 2,85 h ± 1,61 e 2,81 ± 1,46 h para os cães normais e heterozigotos, respectivamente. A área sob a curva (AUC) média para o tramadol oral SR para o grupo normal e heterozigoto foram 350,20 ± 216,61 e 312,15 ± 155,43 ng.h/mL, respectivamente. A biodisponibilidade foi de 22% e 23% para os cães normais e heterozigotos, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em todos os parâmetros farmacocinéticos. Os resultados sugerem que o tramadol não é um substrato da Pgp. A quantidade de dados farmacocinéticos do tramadol oral na formulação de liberação prolongada (SR) em cães é escassa, sendo necessários mais estudos farmacocinéticos e farmacodinâmicos para o tramadol oral de liberação prolongada em cães para estabelecer adequada dose e frequência de administração em cães.
The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a transmembrane multidrug transporter, product of the MDR1 (ABCB1) gene. P-gp contributes to the barrier function of several tissues and organs, acting as an efflux pump for many substrates. Decreased expression of this protein is associated with sensitivity to drugs. Collie dogs have a high incidence of a mutation in MDR1 gene, denominated MDR1 nt230 (del4). In homozygosis, this mutation results in the total absence of a functional P-gp and a heterozygote animal presents a greater sensibility to P-gp substrates, probably due to a decrease in the expression thereof. Some opioid drugs such as morphine and methadone were identified as P-gp substrates. Tramadol is one of the most commonly opioid used in dogs. In the present work MDR1nt230 (del4) mutation was analyzed in 20 healthy Collie dogs using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Thereby, 6 homozygous intact and 14 heterozygous mutated MDR1 genotypes can be differentiated by high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. These animals underwent the second phase of the experiment, when a single oral administration of 100 mg of sustained release (SR) tramadol was administrated to investigate the tramadol as P-gp substrate. In addition, another aim was evaluate the pharmacokinetics of sustained release formulation, which has not been established for dogs. Pharmacokinetic analysis of tramadol was evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry for determination and quantification of tramadol in canine serum. The analyte and internal standard (IS) were extracted from serum using liquid-liquid method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 analytical column, kept at 30°C, under isocratic conditions of a mobile phase consisted by a mixture of acetonitrile and water contained 0,1% formic acid (80:20). Serum tramadol concentration was greater than the limit of quantification (LOQ) in 17 dogs. The dogs were divided into two groups, normal dogs (MDR1 +/+) and heterozygous (MDR1 +/-) according to the MDR1 genotype. The median values of maximum serum concentration (Cmax) were 63.13 ng/mL ± 33.35 for the normal group and 58.01 ng/mL ± 27.29 for the heterozygous group. Tmax (time to maximum serum concentration) was 4 h for both groups and t ½ (half-life) were 2,85h ± 1,61 e 2,81h ± 1,46 for normal and heterozygous dogs, respectively. The mean area-under-the-curve (AUC) values for the sustained release tramadol compounds for the normal and heterozygous group were 350,20 ±216,61 and 312,15 ± 155,43 ng.h/mL, respectively. The bioavailability was 22% and 23% for normal and heterozygous dogs respectively. There was no statistic difference between groups in all pharmacokinetics parameters. The findings suggest that tramadol is not a P-gp substrate. The amount of pharmacokinetics data of SR formulation of tramadol in dogs is sparse. Therefore, more studies of oral SR tramadol in dogs are needed to establish appropriate dose and frequency of administration in dogs.
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Woodahl, Erica Lynn. "Genetic variation in the multidrug resistance gene (MDRI) : impact on drug delivery and disposition /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7950.

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Delhaes, Laurence. "Activité antimalarique de dérivés ferrocéniques de la quinine, de la méfloquine, de la dihydroartémisinine et de la chloroquine." Lille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL2T008.

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BOSCH, STEFFI. "Influence de la differenciation d'un carcinome broncho-pulmonaire (nsclc) sur l'expression des genes de chimioresistance mdr-1 et gst-pi (doctorat : cancerologie pre-clinique)." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT02VS.

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Levy, Débora. "Reversão do fenótipo de resistência a múltiplas drogas em células de sarcoma uterino humano. Utilização de emulsão lipídica como veículo de oligonucleotídeos antissenso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5159/tde-19082010-110038/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a utilização de uma nanoemulsão lipídica (LDE) como vetor de oligonucleotídeos antissenso (OAS). A LDE é uma nanoemulsão constituída por 48% de éster de colesterol, 47,8% de fosfolipídeos, 2,3% de triglicérides e 1,9% de colesterol não-esterificado. É capaz de adquirir apoE de HDL e, desta forma, a emulsão pode interagir com o receptor B/E. O comportamento metabólico da LDE se assemelha ao da LDL. OAS agem como inibidores da função de genes, ligando-se à fita oposta (complementar) do RNA mensageiro (mRNA) ou à dupla fita do DNA. Previnem que o mRNA codifique uma proteína funcional. Os mecanismos celulares de resistência a drogas representam diversas formas de proteção da célula e do organismo e estão presentes na maioria das células normais, exercendo funções fisiológicas. Infelizmente, muitos tumores utilizam esses mecanismos para sua própria proteção. A proteína codificada pelo gene MDR1 (ABCB1), a P-gp, é uma glicoproteína de membrana com peso molecular de 170Kda, que funciona como uma bomba orgânica catiônica. Neste trabalho foi observado que o OAS se ligam à LDE, sendo a constante de ligação de 4,2 X 10-3M-1. O complexo OAS/LDE foi capaz de se ligar especificamente ao receptor de LDL e através desta via ser internalizado, pelas células de sarcoma uterino resistentes a doxorrubicina. Os OAS apresentaram após 24 horas distribuição citoplasmática e nuclear e após 48 horas, somente distribuição citoplasmática. Utilizando-se dois diferentes OAS, verificou-se que ambos foram capaz de inibir (70%) a expressão do gene de resistência a múltiplas drogas após 48 horas de incubação, tornando as células mais susceptíveis à ação da doxorrubicina. Assim, o complexo OAS/LDE é um sistema potencialmente promissor para ser utilizado em terapia gênica.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a nanolipid emulsion (LDE) as a vector to carry antisense oligonucleotides (OAS). LDE is a nanoemulsion consisting of 48% cholesterol esters, 47,8% phospholipid, 2,3% triglycerides and 1,9% unesterified cholesterol. It is able to obtain apoE from HDL and interact with B/E receptor. The metabolic behavior of LDE is similar to LDL. OAS are able to inhibit specific gene expression since they bind to a complementary sequence in the mRNA or in the DNA. This binding impairs the synthesis of a functional protein. The cell resistance mechanisms are present in most of normal cells, been involved in physiological process. Tumors are able to use these mechanisms to their own protection. The protein P-gp (MDR1 gene) is a glycoprotein with 170Kda that works as an organic cationic pump. We have observed that LDE was able to bind to the OAS; the binding constant was 4,2 X 10-3M-1. The complex was shown to bind to LDL receptors and then been internalized into a human sarcoma cell line resistant to doxirrubicine. After 24 hours the complex have shown citoplasmatic and nuclear distribution, after 48 hours only citoplasmatic distribution was observed. Two OAS were used. Both OAS strongly inhibited (by 70%) the cell MDR-1 gene expression after 48 hours of incubation and cells turned out to be more susceptible to doxorrubicine action. Therefore, OAS/LDE is promising complex to be used in gene therapy studies.
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Hevér, Aniko. "Inhibition of P-glycoprotein mediated efflux and modulation of MDR-1 gene expression in tumor cells by newly synthesised azaheteroyclic derivatives." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/PHA_1998_1512.pdf.

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Didier, Agnès. "Etude de la fonction physiologique de la p-glycoproteine (produit du gene mdr-1) exprimee par les cellules normales et tumorales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13198.

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La sur-expression dans la membrane des cellules tumorales de la p-glycoproteine (pgp) suffit a rendre ces cellules resistantes a de nombreux composes de structure et de fonction differentes dont les agents anti-cancer. Des antagonistes de la pgp (cyclosporine a (csa), sdz psc 833 (psc) ou sdz 280-446 (280)) peuvent moduler voire reverser cette multi-drogue resistance (mdr). Ces molecules interferent avec l'efflux actif medie par la pgp, des agents anti-cancer hors des cellules tumorales. L'utilisation clinique du psc a necessite la determination de la fonction physiologique des molecules de pgp exprimees par des cellules non cancereuses. Nous avons pu montrer in vitro que des lymphocytes t spleniques murins proliferants sont plus sensibles a des agents cytotoxiques (doxorubicine, csa) en presence du psc ou du 280. Ces resultats confortent l'hypothese que la pgp pourrait proteger les cellules non cancereuses en refoulant vers le sang des toxines endogenes ou exogenes. Des lymphocytes tumoraux qui expriment la pgp accumulent une plus faible quantite de csa radioactive ou fluorescente que ceux qui n'expriment pas la pgp. Les antagonistes de la pgp restaurent l'accumulation de la csa. Ainsi, la csa se comporterait comme un substrat lent de la pgp, modulant de maniere competitive et reversible, le transport d'autres substrats plus rapides. Par ailleurs, la neurotoxicite de la csa et de l'ivermectine peut etre revelee chez la souris par le psc. Celui-ci est suffisamment actif in vivo pour neutraliser la pgp exprimee sur la barriere hemato-encephalique et permettre a ces molecules de penetrer dans le cerveau en quantite suffisante pour entrainer une neurotoxicite. Une fonction physiologique majeure de la pgp concernerait la protection essentielle de l'organisme et du cerveau. En consequence, le psc ne devra pas etre combine a des composes susceptibles d'etre neurotoxiques. Toutefois, il pourrait etre utilise pour favoriser l'acces de medicaments dans le cerveau
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Neves, Junior Ivan. "Avaliação da expressão do gene MDR1 (Glicoproteína-P) e atividade de efluxo em células do sangue periférico de pacientes sob tratamento da tuberculose multirresistente." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2013. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14389.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
O regime de tratamento com múltiplas drogas é correspondente a uma interação de drogas que pode causar efeitos adversos e falha no tratamento. Essa interação pode gerar modificações funcionais dos transportadores de membrana e por consequência a biodisponibilidade das drogas durante o tratamento. Dentre os transportadores de drogas transmembranares está a glicoproteína-P (P-gp), uma proteína de 170KD, produto do gene MDR1, caracterizada como uma \201CATP Binding cassete\201D (ABC). Seu papel está muito bem definido nas células neoplásicas multirresistentes a drogas, assim como sua relação com as drogas para o tratamento da infecção pelo HIV. Entretanto, pouco tem sido estudado sobre esta bomba de efluxo na tuberculose multirresistente (TBMR). Neste estudo analisamos por citometria de fluxo sua expressão e atividade de efluxo nos monócitos, principal célula relacionada com a tuberculose e também em linfócitos e granulócitos do sangue periférico por meio da citometria de fluxo. A taxa de efluxo foi medida através do uso da Rodamina 123 (Rho123) e a expressão da P-gp através do anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD243 (clone UIC2). A utilização direta do sangue total para a determinação da atividade de efluxo por citometria de fluxo caracterizou a implantação de uma nova ferramenta de análise para a pesquisa A análise contemplou 52% do total de pacientes em tratamento de TBMR no ambulatório do Laboratório de Pesquisa em Micobacterioses do Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC). Para as análises foram levadas em consideração a idade, cor da pele, o tempo de tratamento e a quantidade de drogas administradas. O estudo revelou que há correlação entre a expressão da P-gp nos monócitos e a idade dos pacientes (P<0,01). Diferenças entre pacientes brancos e não brancos também foram observadas. Em linfócitos a expressão de P-gp quando aumentada foi diretamente proporcional à atividade de efluxo observada nos monócitos (P< 0,05). Além disso, pacientes submetidos ao tratamento para TBMR por até seis meses apresentaram uma maior expressão de P-gp e, linfócitos quando comparados àqueles que receberam o tratamento por mais de seis meses (P<0,01)
When two or more drugs are administrated, such interactions can cause additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects. The drug transporters may undergo treatments effects and therefore change the dr ugs bioavailability during the treatment and can cause treatment failure. Among the know n drug transporters there is transmembrane P - glycoprotein (P - gp). It is a 170 KDa transmem brane protein w h ich is a product of multidrug resistance MDR1 gene. This protein is a well - characterized ABC transporter ( ATP Binding Cassette ) and is responsible for efflux of the chemotherapeutic agents from resistant cancer cells. There are few studies about this protein in multidrug - resistant tuberculosis (MDR - TB) . In this study, P - gp expression and activity were detect by flow cytometry in monocytes, the main cell related with the M.tuberculosis infection , as well as in lymphocytes and granulocytes from whole peripheral blood . P - gp mediated efflux was determined indirectly by measuring the retention of a fluorescent P - gp substrate, rhodamine 123 ( Rho123) . P - gp expression was assessed using anti - P - gp monoclonal antibody UIC2 (CD243 ). The efflux activ ity with whole blood using flow cytometry technique as a new tool to pharmacogenetic research was developed in this study. We analyzed 52 % of outpatient in MDR - TB treatment from Laboratory Research Mycobacteriosis Institute Evandro Chagas Clinical Researc h (IPEC). We considered variables as age, race, treatment time, amount of drug administered at the time of blood collection and their correlation with P - gp expression and activity. The result revealed a correlation between the P - gp expression in monocytes and ag e ( P < 0 .01). In addition, difference between white and nonwhite patients was observed . Lymphocyte P - gp expression was statistically significant greater in patients w ith increased monocytes efflux activity evidenced by P - gp inhibition with CSA ( P < 0 .0 5 ). P atients undergoing MDR - TB treatment for six months had a higher P - gp expression in lymphocytes compared to those who received the treatment for more than six months ( P < 0 .01).
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Books on the topic "Mdr, gene"

1

Sukhai, Mahadeo A. Cytokine-mediated pathways of mdr1 gene regulation in cultured rat hepatocytes. 2001.

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Levinson, Douglas F., and Walter E. Nichols. Genetics of Depression. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0024.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and heterogeneous complex trait. Twin heritability is 35%–40%, perhaps higher in severe/recurrent cases. Adverse life events (particularly during childhood) increase risk. Current evidence suggests some overlap in genetic factors among MDD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are now proving successful. Polygenic effects of common SNPs are substantial. Findings implicate genes with effects on synaptic development and function, including two obesity-associated genes (NEGR1 and OLFM4), but not previous “candidate genes.” It can now be expected that larger GWAS samples will produce additional associations that shed new light on MDD genetics.
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Rosen, Jeremy. Minor Characters Have Their Day. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231177443.001.0001.

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How do genres develop? In what ways do they reflect changing political and cultural trends? What do they tell us about the motivations of publishers and readers? Combining close readings and formal analysis with a sociology of literary institutions and markets, Minor Characters Have Their Day offers a compelling new approach to genre study and contemporary fiction. Focusing on the booming genre of books that transform minor characters from canonical literary texts into the protagonists of new works, Jeremy Rosen makes broader claims about the state of contemporary fiction, the strategies of the publishing industry over recent decades, and the function of literary characters. Rosen traces the recent surge in “minor-character elaboration” to the late 1960s and works such as Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea and Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. These early examples often recover the voices of marginalized individuals and groups. As the genre has exploded between the 1980s and the present, with novels about Ahab’s wife, Huck Finn’s father, and Mr. Dalloway, it has begun to embody the neoliberal commitments of subjective experience, individual expression, and agency. Eventually, large-scale publishers capitalized on the genre as a way to appeal to educated audiences aware of the prestige of the classics and to draw in identity-based niche markets. Rosen’s conclusion ties the understudied evolution of minor-character elaboration to the theory of literary character.
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Shuback, Alan. Hollywood at the Races. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178295.001.0001.

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An examination of the symbiotic relationship that existed between the Hollywood film community and horse racing, primarily between 1930 and 1960, Hollywood at the Races explores the extraordinary participation of producers, directors, and actors in the sport of kings. All three of Southern California’s major racetracks were founded in part or in whole by Hollywood luminaries: Hal Roach was cofounder of SantaAnita; Bing Crosby founded Del Mar with help from Pat O’Brien; and the Warner brother founded Hollywood Park with assistance from dozens of people in the film community. Moreover, people like Crosby, Betty Grable, Mervyn LeRoy, and Don Ameche owned racehorses, while MGM’s chief of production, Louis B. Mayer, was one of the nation’s leading owner-breeders. Racing also had an interest in Hollywood, as evidenced by the exploits of breeder-owner Jock Whitney, who helped finance David O. Selznick’s productions of GonewiththeWind and Rebecca. A horse owned by Rita Hayworth (aka the Princess Aly Khan) nearly won Europe’smost important race, the Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe, and screenwriter- producer Gene Markey became the co-owner of Calumet Farm when he married his fourth wife.During this period, Hollywood produced at least 120 racing-themed films, among them A Day at the Races, National Velvet, and Thoroughbreds Don’t Cry. Thelast two starred Mickey Rooney, an inveterate horseplayer who, like Chico Marx and Jimmy Durante, lost a fortune at the track.The book concludes with an analysis of the twin declines of racing and cinema in America in recent decades.
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Narang, Gopi Chand. The Urdu Ghazal. Translated by Surinder Deol. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190120795.001.0001.

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The Urdu ghazal is a marvel of the magnetic dynamism of husn o i’shq filled with innovative imagery. It is a celebration of life and love in an ambiance of pure ecstasy. It has a profound capacity for joy as well as pain. It is the soul of Urdu verse and the play of creativity at its peak. No other poetic genre is as innately musical as the ghazal. The book presents unique flowering of the Urdu ghazal as a by-product of India’s composite culture that evolved from intermixing of Indian and foreign value systems. This never-before narrated story of the evolution of the Urdu ghazal is documented in eight chapters divided into three parts. It explores a variety of influences, including Sufism, Bhakti movement, and infusion of Rekhta and Persian languages and culture. The book explains classical ghazal forms that blossomed from the seeds sown by Amir Khusrau in the fourteenth century to great heights of literary excellence achieved during the next 300, notably in the works of great poets like Mir and Ghalib. Different socio-political and cultural demands of changing times are expounded towards the end, primarily how the ghazal provided new creative models to deal with literary movements like progressivism, modernism, and postmodernism. This book includes samples of works of thematically related poets. It also covers works of twentieth-century pioneering innovators like Firaq Gorakhpuri and Faiz Ahmed Faiz, and postmoderns like Gulzar and Javed Akhtar.
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Marks, Laura Helen. Alice in Pornoland. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042140.001.0001.

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This book argues that pornographic film relies on a particular "Victorianness" in generating eroticism—a Gothic Victorianness that is monstrous and restrained, repressed but also perverse, static but also transformative, and preoccupied with gender, sexuality, race, and time. Pornographic films enthusiastically expose the perceived hypocrisy of this Victorianness, rhetorically equating it with mainstream, legitimate culture, as a way of staging pornography’s alleged sexual authenticity and transgressive nature. Through an analysis of porn set during the nineteenth century and porn adaptations of Lewis Carroll’s Alice books, Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, and Bram Stoker’s Dracula, this book shows how these adaptations expose the implicit pornographic aspects of “legitimate” culture while also revealing the extent to which “high” and “low” genres rely on each other for self-definition. In the process, neo-Victorian pornographies draw on Gothic spaces and icons in order to situate itself as this Gothic other, utilizing the Gothic and the monstrous to craft a transformative, pornographic space. These neo-Victorian Gothic pornographies expose the way the genre as a whole emphasizes, navigates, transgresses, and renegotiates gender, sexuality, and race through the lens of history and legacy.
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GamePro Hot Tips: Sports Games. IDG Books, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mdr, gene"

1

Stuif, I., A. Sominskaya, T. Bykova, O. Frolova, and A. Zaritskey. "MDR-1 Gene Expression in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Prognostic Marker of the Disease." In Gene Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61122-3_11.

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Bykova, T., A. Sominskaya, I. Stuif, N. Anikina, and A. Zaritskey. "The Relationship of MDR-1 Gene Expression and Chemotherapy Regimens in Acute Leukemia." In Gene Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61122-3_37.

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Bank, A., M. Ward, and C. Hesdorffer. "Transfer of the MDR-1 Gene into Hematopoietic Cells." In Marrow Protection. KARGER, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000061988.

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Gasser, M., M. Grimm, M. H. Frank, et al. "Identification of pancreatic cancer initiating cells: The role of the MDR gene ABCB5." In Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00625-8_19.

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Moyal, Michal, and Yechiel Becker. "Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL41 Gene Product on mdr-1 Gene-mRNA in Infected Adrenal Glands." In Pathogenicity of Human Herpesviruses due to Specific Pathogenicity Genes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85004-2_9.

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Deng, Lei, Shigaru Tatebe, Yen-Chiu Lin-Lee, Toshihisa Ishikawa, and M. Tien Kuo. "MDR and MRP Gene Families as Cellular Determinant Factors for Resistance to Clinical Anticancer Agents." In Cancer Treatment and Research. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1173-1_3.

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Katz, Aaron E., Danilo Asase, Carl A. Olsson, et al. "A Potential Role for the MDR-1 Gene in the Development of Androgen-Independent Tumors." In Molecular and Cellular Biology of Prostate Cancer. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3704-5_27.

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Mickisch, G. H., M. M. Gottesman, and I. Pastan. "Transgenic Mice Carrying the Human MDR 1 Gene: Reliable In Vivo Probes to Examine Multidrug Resistance." In Basic and Clinical Research on Renal Cell Carcinoma. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76863-7_9.

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Licht, T., M. M. Gottesman, and I. Pastan. "MDR1 Gene Transfer to Hematopoietic Cells." In Gene Therapy. Birkhäuser Basel, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7011-5_14.

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Zaritskey, A., N. Anikina, N. Medvedeva, et al. "Comparison of the Efficacy of TAD-TAD and “7+3” Regimens in Adult AML, the Role of Dose Intensity and Mdr-1 Gene Expression." In Haematology and Blood Transfusion / Hämatologie und Bluttransfusion. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18156-6_75.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mdr, gene"

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Shimizu, Keiji, Eri Ishida, Yoichiro Higashi, Yasunori Fujimoto, and Toshio Yawata. "Abstract 5362: Multidrug-resistance (MDR-1) gene expression in immature glioma cells." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5362.

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Butov, Dmytro, Mykhaylo Kuzhko, Nataly Makeeva, and Tetyana Butova. "Smoking as a risk factor which activates IL-2 gene polymorphism in patients with MDR-TB." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa4535.

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Eltai, Nahla O., Sara H. Al-Hadidi, Asmaa A. Al Than, Sanjay H. Doiphode, and Hadi M. Yassine. "Salmonellosis among Pediatric Population in Qatar: Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0126.

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Objectives: This study aims to characterize at the molecular level the genes encoding resistance in Salmonella and explain the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to ceftriaxone, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, colistin and azithromycin in Salmonella. It aims as well to characterize the 16S rRNA gene region by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to investigate if this region constitutes an appropriate ‘coincidental’ marker to distinguish important pathogenic Salmonella species. Finally, determine the lineages of Salmonella species and evolutionary relationships among bacteria classified within the same genus. Methodology: 246 Salmonella isolates were collected from children under 16 years old during Jan. 2018 - Dec 2019, presented with gastroenteritis at Hamad Medical Corporation. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nineteen relevant antibiotics using E-test. Isolates that harbor antibiotic resistance were confirmed using PCR specific primers for 38 genes. In addition, the variable region of class 1 and 2 integrons were identified by PCR among amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) resistant samples. RFLP targeting16S rRNAwas performed using seven restriction enzymes including AluI, Bgl I, Bgl II, EcoR I, SmaI, Hinf I & Hae III. Results: Resistance was detected against 15 antibiotics and (38.2%) of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Overall, high resistance was reported to tetracycline (23.9%), ampicillin (21.1%), AMC (18.7%) and sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim (13%). Further, 22.4% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 4.1% being ESBL producers. 90 % of ESBL producers had one of bla CTX-M-Group. Class (1) AMC resistant samples showed the highest resistance to different antibiotics. 16S rRNA-RFLP analysis divided Salmonella isolates into two main groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate a high antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella, which necessities the development of regulatory programs to combats antimicrobial resistance. In particular, our results showed high resistance to Class (1) AMC cassette that involves the transmission and expression of the resistance. This might lead to a concern of increased multidrug resistance in the future. This study provides evidence guidance to activate and implement the pillars of an antimicrobial stewardship program in animal and human health to reduce MDR salmonellosis.
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Pervaiz, Shahid, Muhammad Wajaht Tariq, Humayoun Ghulam Murtaza, and Muhammad Zubair Shaheen. "Gene-Xpert for rapid detection of MDR-TB in re-treatment cases;a comparison with standard culture and DST." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa1526.

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Bomfim, Isabela Maria Fortaleza Neves, Yanne Naara Teixeira De Carvalho, Joyce Hercília Jerônimo Lins, Amanda Viera Barros, and Renato Motta Neto. "CULTURAS DE VIGILÂNCIA DE RESISTÊNCIA DE PACIENTES INTERNOS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA DO HOSPITAL REFERÊNCIA EM DOENÇAS INFECCIOSAS DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1202.

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Introdução: As Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) são infeções adquiridas no curso de uma internação em uma unidade hospitalar. As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) são os locais onde frequentemente ocorrem surtos por bactérias multirresistentes, visto a pressão seletiva e a disseminação de genes de resistência nestes ambientes. As culturas de vigilância de resistência são um conjunto de técnicas de isolamento e identificação de microrganismos resistentes aos antimicrobianos em indivíduos colonizados com a finalidade de prevenir as IRAS. Objetivos: Este trabalho teve como meta traçar a frequência fenotípica e genotípica de bactérias multirresistentes dos pacientes internados na UTI do hospital estadual referência em doenças infectocontagiosas. Materiais e Métodos: A coleta das amostras foi feita nos sítios axilar, nasal e retal e processadas no LABMIC/UFRN. Os swabs de cada sítio foram semeados em caldo BHI para enriquecimento, e foi procedido o isolamento primário (IP) nos ágares sangue e MacConkey. Transcorridas 24 horas do IP, determinou-se as características morfotintoriais e as provas bioquímicas para a identificação dos espécimes. Identificada a bactéria, foi procedido o teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos, através da técnica de ágar disco-difusão, e testes fenotípicos para determinação do perfil de resistência das bactérias encontradas. Os espécimes com perfil de resistência aos carbapenêmicos passaram por PCR convencional para a determinação da presença dos genes blaIMP-1, blaIMP-2, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-2, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-48 e blaKPC e mcr-1. Resultados: Dezenove amostras apresentaram resistência aos carbapenêmicos e a CIM destes para o Imipenem e Polimixina B demonstrou 94,7% e 31,6% de resistência, respectivamente. Quanto aos genes testados, o gene blaNDM-1 foi expresso por 21% das amostras e o gene blaKPC por 42,1% das amostras. Os demais não foram expressos. As cepas encontradas neste estudo são responsáveis por falhas terapêuticas severas e demonstram a complexidade da problemática da resistência bacteriana. Conclusão: Este trabalho denota a necessidade de medidas de contenção dos microrganismos que causam as IRAS e visa contribuir para o aprimoramento das condutas de vigilância em UTIs, auxiliando na prevenção e controle de transmissão de bactérias multirresistentes e no estabelecimento de ações de controle de surtos nestas unidades.
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Perez-Mayoral, Julyann, Jaime L. Matta, and Julie Dutil. "Abstract 4204: Gene expression changes of DNA repair genes in lymphocytes of breast cancer patients." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4204.

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Mendonca, Maria Cecilia F., Thomas C. Newton, Giselle Sholler, and Stephen S. Roberts. "Abstract 1442: Side population analysis and gene expression profiling identify Notch pathway genes in neuroblastoma." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1442.

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Kuijjer, Marieke L., Halfdan Rydbeck, Stine H. Kresse, et al. "Abstract 5128: Identification of osteosarcoma driver genes by integrative analysis of copy number and gene expression data." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5128.

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Guinelli, João Victor, André de Souza Rocha, Carlos Eduardo Pantoja, and Ricardo Choren. "Uma Metodologia Para Apoio ao Projeto de Banco de Dados Geográficos Utilizando a MDA." In X Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2014.6110.

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Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia MDA para o projeto de banco de dados com uma extensão para projeto de banco de dados geográficos, que é capaz de gerar codificação automáica para o SFS/SQL e o padrão ANSI SQL. A metodologia usa um meta-modelo gene ́rico para os conceitos dos modelos relacionais e geográficos para geração da linguagem de definição de dados. Este trabalho apresenta, também, uma ferramenta para modelagem de banco de dados, que consiste de um conjunto de plug-ins para a plataforma de desenvolvimento Eclipse e um simples exemplo modelado com o OMT-G.
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Dalay, Nejat, and Orkun Gurbuz. "Abstract 4203: Analysis of the association of Notch pathway genes with ID4 and Ikaros gene expression in leukemia." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4203.

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Reports on the topic "Mdr, gene"

1

Amzeri, Achmad, Kaswan Badami, and Gita Pawana. Inheritance of resistance to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) in crossing of Madura Maize Plant (Zea mays L.). Innovative Scientific Information & Services Network, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2019.1.

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Hybridization of Back cross is one method to get varieties that are resistant to downy mildew. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on inheritance characteristics of downy mildew resistance. This research was conducted at the experiment center of Agro-Technology Study Program of Agriculture Faculty, University of Trunojoyo Madura. Research of Assessment of resistance to Downy Mildew used a randomized block design with 18 treatments (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 in three sets of crosses, namely LGL x Mdr-3, T12 x Mdr-1 and E02 x Mdr-2) and three replications so there were 54 experimental units. Identification of polymorphic RAPD markers for endurance to downy mildew through Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was done by amplifying the DNA in the resistant pool and susceptible pool. The random primers used were 120 primers from 6 operon groups, namely OPA, OPB, OPC, OPD, OPF and OPG. The results showed that the inheritance pattern of maize genetic resistance to downy mildew followed a segregation pattern of 3:1 with a degree of dominance between -1 and 0, and was controlled by incomplete partially negative dominant gene. OPC-07 was a marker that was linkage close to the resistance to downy mildew with a genetic distance of 1.9 cM.
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Su, Min-Ying. MR Imaging and Gene Therapy of Breast Cancer. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398125.

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Su, Min-Ying. MR Imaging and Gene Therapy of Breast Cancer. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada382893.

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Verma, Amit. Meta-Analytical Online Repository of Gene Expression Profiles of MDS Stem Cells. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603210.

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Sarkar, Devanand, and Paul B. Fisher. Characterization of a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene, mda-7, and its Ability to Induce Apoptosis. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409484.

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Chen, Lili. MR-Guided Pulsed High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Enhancement of Gene Therapy Combined With Androgen Deprivation and Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518248.

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Chen, Lili. MR Guided Pulsed High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Enhancement of Gene Therapy Combined with Androgen Deprivation and Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada569443.

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