Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mean Averaging

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mean Averaging'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mean Averaging"

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von Clarmann, Thomas, and Norbert Glatthor. "The application of mean averaging kernels to mean trace gas distributions." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 9 (2019): 5155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5155-2019.

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Abstract. To avoid unnecessary data traffic it is sometimes desirable to apply mean averaging kernels to mean profiles of atmospheric state variables. Unfortunately, application of averaging kernels and averaging are not commutative in cases when averaging kernels and state variables are correlated. That is to say, the application of individual averaging kernels to individual profiles and subsequent averaging will, in general, lead to different results than averaging of the original profiles prior to the application of the mean averaging kernels, unless profiles and averaging kernels are fully
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Oliver, Marcel. "Lagrangian averaging with geodesic mean." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, no. 2207 (2017): 20170558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0558.

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This paper revisits the derivation of the Lagrangian averaged Euler (LAE), or Euler- α equations in the light of an intrinsic definition of the averaged flow map as the geodesic mean on the volume-preserving diffeomorphism group. Under the additional assumption that first-order fluctuations are statistically isotropic and transported by the mean flow as a vector field, averaging of the kinetic energy Lagrangian of an ideal fluid yields the LAE Lagrangian. The derivation presented here assumes a Euclidean spatial domain without boundaries.
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Allik, Jüri, Mai Toom, Aire Raidvee, Kristiina Averin, and Kairi Kreegipuu. "Obligatory averaging in mean size perception." Vision Research 101 (August 2014): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2014.05.003.

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Ely, Todd A. "Mean Element Propagations Using Numerical Averaging." Journal of the Astronautical Sciences 61, no. 3 (2014): 275–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40295-014-0020-2.

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Rougier, Jonathan. "Ensemble Averaging and Mean Squared Error." Journal of Climate 29, no. 24 (2016): 8865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0012.1.

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Abstract In fields such as climate science, it is common to compile an ensemble of different simulators for the same underlying process. It is a striking observation that the ensemble mean often outperforms at least half of the ensemble members in mean squared error (measured with respect to observations). In fact, as demonstrated in the most recent IPCC report, the ensemble mean often outperforms all or almost all of the ensemble members across a range of climate variables. This paper shows that these could be mathematical results based on convexity and averaging but with implications for the
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Narapusetty, Balachandrudu, Timothy DelSole, and Michael K. Tippett. "Optimal Estimation of the Climatological Mean." Journal of Climate 22, no. 18 (2009): 4845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2944.1.

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Abstract This paper shows theoretically and with examples that climatological means derived from spectral methods predict independent data with less error than climatological means derived from simple averaging. Herein, “spectral methods” indicates a least squares fit to a sum of a small number of sines and cosines that are periodic on annual or diurnal periods, and “simple averaging” refers to mean averages computed while holding the phase of the annual or diurnal cycle constant. The fact that spectral methods are superior to simple averaging can be understood as a straightforward consequence
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McIntosh, Peter C., and Trevor J. McDougall. "Isopycnal Averaging and the Residual Mean Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 26, no. 8 (1996): 1655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<1655:iaatrm>2.0.co;2.

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Wingate, Beth A., Juliane Rosemeier, and Terry Haut. "Mean Flow from Phase Averages in the 2D Boussinesq Equations." Atmosphere 14, no. 10 (2023): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101523.

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The atmosphere and ocean are described by highly oscillatory PDEs that challenge both our understanding of their dynamics and their numerical approximation. This paper presents a preliminary numerical study of one type of phase averaging applied to mean flows in the 2D Boussinesq equations that also has application to numerical methods. The phase averaging technique, well-known in dynamical systems theory, relies on a mapping using the exponential operator, and then an averaging over the phase. The exponential operator has connections to the Craya–Herring basis pioneered by Jack Herring to stu
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Nurser, A. J. George, and Mei-Man Lee. "Isopycnal Averaging at Constant Height. Part I: The Formulation and a Case Study." Journal of Physical Oceanography 34, no. 12 (2004): 2721–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2649.1.

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Abstract Simple Eulerian averaging of velocities, density, and tracers at constant position is the most natural way of averaging. However, Eulerian averaging gives incorrect watermass distributions and properties as well as spurious diabatic circulations such as the Deacon cell. Instead of averaging at constant height, averaging along isopycnals removes such fictitious mixing and diabatic circulations. Such isopycnal averaging is normally performed at constant latitude, that is, averaging along isopynals as they heave up and down. As a result, height information is lost and the sea surface bec
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Kimura, Eiji, and Yusuke Takano. "Task-dependent weighted averaging in mean brightness comparison." Journal of Vision 19, no. 8 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.8.74.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mean Averaging"

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Jun, Shi. "Frequentist Model Averaging For Functional Logistic Regression Model." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352519.

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Frequentist model averaging as a newly emerging approach provides us a way to overcome the uncertainty caused by traditional model selection in estimation. It acknowledges the contribution of multiple models, instead of making inference and prediction purely based on one single model. Functional logistic regression is also a burgeoning method in studying the relationship between functional covariates and a binary response. In this paper, the frequentist model averaging approach is applied to the functional logistic regression model. A simulation study is implemented to compare its performance
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Afsari, Bijan. "Means and averaging on riemannian manifolds." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9978.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mathematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Glickman, Mark. "Disturbance monitoring in distributed power systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16497/1/Mark_Glickman_Thesis.pdf.

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Power system generators are interconnected in a distributed network to allow sharing of power. If one of the generators cannot meet the power demand, spare power is diverted from neighbouring generators. However, this approach also allows for propagation of electric disturbances. An oscillation arising from a disturbance at a given generator site will affect the normal operation of neighbouring generators and might cause them to fail. Hours of production time will be lost in the time it takes to restart the power plant. If the disturbance is detected early, appropriate control measures can be
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Glickman, Mark. "Disturbance monitoring in distributed power systems." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16497/.

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Power system generators are interconnected in a distributed network to allow sharing of power. If one of the generators cannot meet the power demand, spare power is diverted from neighbouring generators. However, this approach also allows for propagation of electric disturbances. An oscillation arising from a disturbance at a given generator site will affect the normal operation of neighbouring generators and might cause them to fail. Hours of production time will be lost in the time it takes to restart the power plant. If the disturbance is detected early, appropriate control measures can be
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Schaal, Peter. "Observer-based engine air charge characterisation : rapid, observer-assisted engine air charge characterisation using a dynamic dual-ramp testing method." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33247.

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Characterisation of modern complex powertrains is a time consuming and expensive process. Little effort has been made to improve the efficiency of testing methodologies used to obtain data for this purpose. Steady-state engine testing is still regarded as the golden standard, where approximately 90% of testing time is wasted waiting for the engine to stabilize. Rapid dynamic engine testing, as a replacement for the conventional steady-state method, has the potential to significantly reduce the time required for characterisation. However, even by using state of the art measurement equipment, dy
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Chu, Hung-Chin, and 朱宏欽. "New Methods for Fuzzy Information Retrieval Based on Quadratic-Mean Averaging Operators." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37658691553677208219.

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碩士<br>國立聯合大學<br>管理碩士學位學程<br>98<br>In this thesis, we indicate that some drawbacks of the five existing averaging operators (i.e., P-Norm operators, Infinite-One operators, Waller-Kraft operators, Geometric-Mean Averaging operators, and Weighed Power-Mean Averaging operators) for handling AND and OR operations of fuzzy information retrieval. Furthermore, we present new averaging operators based on quadratic-mean to overcome these drawbacks for fuzzy information retrieval. We also prove some properties of the proposed averaging operators, and use some examples to compare the proposed averaging o
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Li, Kuei-An, and 李魁安. "Mean size estimation yields left-side bias: Role of attention on perceptual averaging." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65xnty.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>心理學研究所<br>104<br>Rapidly estimating the mean size of a group of items of various sizes is one of the fascinating functions of our visual system. However, whether it yields left-side bias (LSB) where perceptual judgment tends to bias toward the information from the left visual field is still unclear. This issue was investigated by 4 experiments in this study. In each experiment, a set of disks were presented on the screen, followed by a central target disk. The mean size of the disks on one side (left or right) was larger than that on the other side, and which side contained dis
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Efimenko, Valeria. "Alternativní způsob měření rozvoje zemí." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-373020.

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This thesis studies the relationship between GDP and Social Progress Index, components of social progress model and their dimensions. Using the dataset of 49 countries and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and clustering analysis we found that there is not straight relationship between GDP and SPI. By testing 15 different models for each of 3 dimension (Basic Human Needs, Foundations of Wellbeing and Opportunity) of SPI we have found that the best variation of components would be to include all of them for each dimension. By using BMA approach we have found that the best model of SPI out of 12 co
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(6591728), Rui Yan. "The Development of Image Processing Algorithms in Cryo-EM." Thesis, 2019.

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Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has been established as the leading imaging technique for structural studies from small proteins to whole cells at a molecular level. The great advances in cryo-EM have led to the ability to provide unique insights into a wide variety of biological processes in a close to native, hydrated state at near-atomic resolutions. The developments of computational approaches have significantly contributed to the exciting achievements of cryo-EM. This dissertation emphasizes new approaches to address image processing problems in cryo-EM, including tilt series alignment
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Books on the topic "Mean Averaging"

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Facca, Joseph Bruno. "In vitro" characterization of the maximum and mean frequency wave forms of the CW Doppler spectrum from a corotid artery model using DFT analysis and ensemble averaging. 1986.

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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Simplifying Primitive Equations: Rotating Shallow-Water Models and their Properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0003.

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In this chapter, one- and two-layer versions of the rotating shallow-water model on the tangent plane to the rotating, and on the whole rotating sphere, are derived from primitive equations by vertical averaging and columnar motion (mean-field) hypothesis. Main properties of the models including conservation laws and wave-vortex dichotomy are established. Potential vorticity conservation is derived, and the properties of inertia–gravity waves are exhibited. The model is then reformulated in Lagrangian coordinates, variational principles for its one- and two-layer version are established, and c
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Escudier, Marcel. Turbulent flow. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0018.

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In this chapter the principal characteristics of a turbulent flow are outlined and the way that Reynolds’ time-averaging procedure, applied to the Navier-Stokes equations, leads to a set of equations (RANS) similar to those governing laminar flow but including additional terms which arise from correlations between fluctuating velocity components and velocity-pressure correlations. The complex nature of turbulent motion has led to an empirical methodology based upon the RANS and turbulence-transport equations in which the correlations are modelled. An important aspect of turbulent flows is the
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Jackson, Natalie. The Rise of Poll Aggregation and Election Forecasting. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.28.

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This chapter discusses (1) the development of election poll aggregation and its use in popular election forecasts, (2) the technical and statistical demands of using polls this way, and (3) the controversies surrounding aggregation and forecasting. The first section covers how increases in publicly released polls resulted in poll averaging and aggregation websites becoming popular in the early 2000s, then how election forecasting using polls as the biggest predictors became popular in the media. The second section discusses how polls are aggregated and how aggregations vary. The focus then tur
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Book chapters on the topic "Mean Averaging"

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van Walsum, Theo, Michiel Schaap, Coert T. Metz, Alina G. van der Giessen, and Wiro J. Niessen. "Averaging Centerlines: Mean Shift on Paths." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2008. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85988-8_107.

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Rastogi, Reshma, and Sayanta Chowdhury. "Binary-Tree Based Mean-Averaging Estimation for Multi-label Classification." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78192-6_18.

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Ramer, Arthur. "Ordered Continuous Means and Information." In The Ordered Weighted Averaging Operators. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6123-1_10.

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Starke, Ludger, Karsten Tabelow, Thoralf Niendorf, and Andreas Pohlmann. "Denoising for Improved Parametric MRI of the Kidney: Protocol for Nonlocal Means Filtering." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_34.

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AbstractIn order to tackle the challenges caused by the variability in estimated MRI parameters (e.g., T2* and T2) due to low SNR a number of strategies can be followed. One approach is postprocessing of the acquired data with a filter. The basic idea is that MR images possess a local spatial structure that is characterized by equal, or at least similar, noise-free signal values in vicinities of a location. Then, local averaging of the signal reduces the noise component of the signal. In contrast, nonlocal means filtering defines the weights for averaging not only within the local vicinity, bu
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Mühler, Roland, and Hellmut von Specht. "Reduction of Background Noise in Human Auditory Brainstem Response by Means of Classified Averaging." In Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8712-9_56.

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Kurina, G. A., J. M. Balthazar, M. A. Ribeiro, and A. M. Tusset. "A Study of Mathematical Model of AFM with Casimir Force by Means of Averaging Method." In Advances in Nonlinear Dynamics and Control of Mechanical and Physical Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7958-5_6.

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Malisch, Rainer, Alexander Schächtele, Ralf Lippold, et al. "Overall Conclusions and Key Messages of the WHO/UNEP-Coordinated Human Milk Studies on Persistent Organic Pollutants." In Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Milk. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34087-1_16.

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AbstractBuilding on the two rounds of exposure studies with human milk coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the mid-1980s and 1990s on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), five expanded studies on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were performed between 2000 and 2019. After the adoption of the Stockholm Convention on POPs (the Convention) in 2001, WHO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) collaborated in joint studies starting in 2004. The collaboration aimed at provision of POPs d
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"Effect of Averaging Time on Mean Concentrations." In Concentration Fluctuations and Averaging Time in Vapor Clouds. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470937976.ch3.

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Tu, Yundong. "Entropy-Based Model Averaging Estimation of Nonparametric Models." In Advances in Info-Metrics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636685.003.0018.

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In this chapter, I propose a model averaging estimation of nonparametric models based on Shannon’s entropy measure. The choice of weights in the averaging estimator is implemented bya maximizing the Shannon’s entropy measure which aggregates both model uncertainty and data uncertainty. Finite sample simulation studies show that the proposed averaging estimator outperforms the local linear least square estimator in terms of mean-squared errors and outperforms the Mallows averaging estimator of Hansen (2007) when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. An empirical example to apply the proposed estima
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Gholamy, Afshin, Justin Parra, Vladik Kreinovich, Olac Fuentes, and Elizabeth Anthony. "How to Best Apply Deep Neural Networks in Geosciences: Towards Optimal “Averaging” in Dropout Training." In Unconventional Methods for Geoscience, Shale Gas and Petroleum in the 21st Century. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aerd230004.

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The main objectives of geosciences is to find the current state of the Earth – i.e., solve the corresponding inverse problems – and to use this knowledge for predicting the future events, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In both inverse and prediction problems, often, machine learning techniques are very efficient, and at present, the most efficient machine learning technique is deep neural training. To speed up this training, the current deep learning algorithms use dropout techniques: they train several sub-networks on different portions of data, and then “average” the results. A
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Conference papers on the topic "Mean Averaging"

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Cameron, Christopher, Anand Karpatne, and Jayant Sirohi. "Performance and Vibratory Hub Loads of a Mach-Scale Coaxial Rotor in Hover." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9665.

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A Mach-scale, rigid, counter-rotating coaxial rotor system, 80 inches in diameter and operating at tips speeds up to 625 feet per second, was built and hover tested in three configurations: two-bladed single rotor, four-bladed single rotor and two-bladed counter-rotating coaxial rotor. The blades were untwisted with a VR-12 airfoil profile and a constant chord of 3 inches with a 0.15 inch trailing-edge tab. The rotors were tested up to a maximum blade loading (CT/μ) of approximately 0.095. Dynamic hub load data, as well as lower rotor pushrod loads were recorded with synchronous averaging impl
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Miah, Abu Saleh Musa, Saadaldeen Rashid Ahmed Ahmed, Mohammed Rashid Ahmed, Oguz Bayat, Adil Deniz Duru, and Md Khademul Islam Molla. "Motor-Imagery BCI Task Classification Using Riemannian Geometry and Averaging with Mean Absolute Deviation." In 2019 Scientific Meeting on Electrical-Electronics & Biomedical Engineering and Computer Science (EBBT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ebbt.2019.8741603.

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Li, Tao, Fuke Wu, and Ji-Feng Zhang. "Mean square averaging with relative-state-dependent measurement noises and linear noise intensity functions." In 2014 33rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6896795.

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Shi-Jay Chen. "A New Similarity Measure of Generalized Fuzzy Numbers Based on Geometric-mean Averaging Operator." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2006.1681961.

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Volpe, Raffaele, Philippe Devinant, and Azeddine Kourta. "Unsteady Experimental Characterization of the Natural Wake of a Squareback Ahmed Model." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21494.

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The increasing demand for such vehicles as station wagons or minivans has focused aerodynamic research for drag reduction on squareback models of which, the one proposed by Ahmed et al. [1] is one of the most used. The presented study aims at finely characterize the natural wake of a 1:1 squareback Ahmed body with experimental measurements, in order to draw possible strategies for drag reduction. Our analysis focused both on the detection of the mean wake topology, by means of 2D PIV as well as parietal pressure measurements, and on the study of the spectral fluctuations of velocity and pressu
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Costa, Rita M., Luís Eça, and Arjen Koop. "Assessing RANS Numerical and Modeling Properties in the Simulation of the Flow Around Captive and Moving Cylinders." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18752.

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Abstract In many Engineering applications, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are still used to simulate high Reynolds numbers (turbulent) flows around complex geometries. In flows that exhibit significant regions of flow separation leading to vortex shedding, it does not make sense to define the mean flow using time-averaging. Therefore, the use of RANS (even if locally) in statistically unsteady flows requires the application of ensemble-averaging to the flow variables and to the mass and momentum equations, which generates the appearance of the Reynolds stresses. Turbulenc
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Dam, Tuan, Pascal Klink, Carlo D'Eramo, Jan Peters, and Joni Pajarinen. "Generalized Mean Estimation in Monte-Carlo Tree Search." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/332.

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We consider Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) applied to Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) and Partially Observable MDPs (POMDPs), and the well-known Upper Confidence bound for Trees (UCT) algorithm. In UCT, a tree with nodes (states) and edges (actions) is incrementally built by the expansion of nodes, and the values of nodes are updated through a backup strategy based on the average value of child nodes. However, it has been shown that with enough samples the maximum operator yields more accurate node value estimates than averaging. Instead of settling for one of these value estimates, we go a s
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Choi, Seunggil, and N. Sri Namachchivaya. "An Averaging Approach for Noisy Strongly Nonlinear Periodically Forced Systems." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39384.

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The purpose of this work is to develop a unified approach to study the dynamics of single degree of freedom systems excited by both periodic and random perturbations. The near resonant motion of such systems is not well understood. We will study this problem in depth with the aim of discovering a common geometric structure in the phase space, and to determine the effects of noisy perturbations on the passage of trajectories through the resonance zone. We consider the noisy, periodically driven Duffing equation as a prototypical single degree of freedom system and achieve a model-reduction thro
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Subramanian, Amirthaganesh, Haining Mu, Jaikrishnan R. Kadambi, Hiroaki Harasaki, and Mark P. Wernet. "Mean Flow and Turbulent Stress Estimation Using DPIV in Pulsatile Flow Through Mechanical Heart Valve." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2065.

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Abstract Accurate estimation of turbulent stresses in pulsatile flows is very important in the design of mechanical heart valves to reduce thromboembolism and hemolysis. The flow within the lumen of a fully transparent bileaflet mechanical heart valve model, in the “mitral” position of an in-vitro pulsatile flow loop, is characterized using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). A phase-averaging technique is used to obtain the mean velocities and turbulent stresses. The results are compared with those obtained using laser Doppler anemometry which shows good agreement between the two measu
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Park, Jun H., and N. Sri Namachchivaya. "Noisy Impact Oscillators." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60861.

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The purpose of this work is to develop an averaging approach to study the dynamics of a vibro-impact system excited by random perturbations. As a prototype, we consider a noisy single-degree-of-freedom equation with both positive and negative stiffness and achieve a model reduction; i.e., the development of rigorous methods to replace in some asymptotic regime, a complicated system by a simpler one. To this end, we study the equations as a random perturbation of a two-dimensional weakly dissipative Hamiltonian system with either center type or saddle type fixed points. We achieve the model-red
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Reports on the topic "Mean Averaging"

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Collins, Clarence O., and Tyler J. Hesser. altWIZ : A System for Satellite Radar Altimeter Evaluation of Modeled Wave Heights. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39699.

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes the design and implementation of a wave model evaluation system, altWIZ, which uses wave height observations from operational satellite radar altimeters. The altWIZ system utilizes two recently released altimeter databases: Ribal and Young (2019) and European Space Agency Sea State Climate Change Initiative v.1.1 level 2 (Dodet et al. 2020). The system facilitates model evaluation against 1 Hz1 altimeter data or a product created by averaging altimeter data in space and time around model grid points. The system allows, fo
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Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. White-tailed deer monitoring at Arkansas Post National Memorial, Arkansas: 2005–2020 trend report. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285087.

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From 16 years (2005–2020) of monitoring trends in white-tailed deer within a defined survey area of Arkansas Post National Memorial, we have been able to demonstrate both population declines and recoveries. The adjusted count of deer had a seven-fold increase between 2007 and 2011 following a two-year decline and a three-fold increase between 2017 and 2019 following a six-year decline. Overall, the deer population has declined slightly, averaging a 0.5% reduction in herd size annually. The number of deer in the survey area ranged from 16.77 ± 21.26 (mean + 95% CI) individuals/km2 in 2007 to 11
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Russo, David, and William A. Jury. Characterization of Preferential Flow in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580681.bard.

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Preferential flow appears to be the rule rather than the exception in field soils and should be considered in the quantitative description of solute transport in the unsaturated zone of heterogeneous formations on the field scale. This study focused on both experimental monitoring and computer simulations to identify important features of preferential flow in the natural environment. The specific objectives of this research were: (1) To conduct dye tracing and multiple tracer experiments on undisturbed field plots to reveal information about the flow velocity, spatial prevalence, and time evol
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Thompson and Lawson. L51888 Development of Coupons for Monitoring Cathodic Protection Systems. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010179.

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The use of coupons has been discussed and utilized for some time and is more prevalent in Europe than in the United States. Externally buried coupons have been utilized for different reasons including corrosion rate measurements, but their primary use has been for monitoring the effectiveness of a CP system. A detailed review of coupon studies is presented below. Renewed interest in the coupon technology was prompted by several studies performed by CC Technologies for PRCI that examined the use of off-potential measurements for evaluating the effectiveness of the CP system. These studies exami
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, et al. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.

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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and
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