Academic literature on the topic 'Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT)"
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Lee, Dong-Seok, and Jae-Hun Jo. "Pan–Tilt IR Scanning Method for the Remote Measurement of Mean Radiant Temperatures at Multi-Location in Buildings." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112158.
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The mean radiant temperature (MRT) is an indicator for evaluating the radiant heat environment near occupants and is determined by the radiant heat exchange between the occupants and their surroundings. To control various heating and cooling systems according to the occupants’ thermal comfort, it is essential to consider MRTs in the real-time evaluation of thermal environment. This study proposes a pan–tilt infrared (IR) scanning method to estimate the MRTs at multiple occupant locations in real buildings. The angle factor was calculated by defining the specific classification criteria for dividing the entire indoor surface into sub-surfaces. The coupling IR camera and pan–tilt motor were applied to enable storing data pairs of IR thermal image frame (IR image frame) and pan–tilt angle so each surface area taken by the IR camera can have its direction information. The measurement method of the mean surface temperature using the pan–tilt IR system was presented. The pan–tilt IR system hardware and MRT monitoring software were developed. An experiment was performed to verify the applicability of the proposed pan–tilt IR scanning method. By comparing the surface temperatures measured using a contact thermometer and the proposed IR system, the contact thermometer could cause inaccurate measurement of surfaces with a non-uniform distribution of temperature. The difference between surface temperatures increased by up to 15 °C and, accordingly, the MRT distributions differed by up to 6 °C within the same space. The proposed IR scanning method showed good applicability in various aspects. This paper reports that the MRT has a significant effect on the occupants’ thermal comfort and also suggests considering MRTs in the real-time evaluation of thermal environment to control various heating and cooling systems appropriately.
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Guo, Qianwen, Ryozo Ooka, Wonseok Oh, Wonjun Choi, and Doyun Lee. "Effect of insulation on indoor thermal comfort in a detached house with a floor heating system." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102049.
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Appropriate insulation materials, with unique physical properties and of moderate thickness, are essential for energy savings in residential buildings. However, the impact of thermal insulation on indoor thermal comfort with floor heating systems has not been studied extensively. In this study, simulations of a typical Japanese detached house were conducted with four different thicknesses of insulation material in the walls, ceiling, and floor to estimate the mean air temperature (MAT), mean radiant temperature (MRT), floor temperature, predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD). The results showed that increasing the thickness of thermal insulation increased the MAT and MRT by 1.4 – 4.0 ℃ and 1.3 – 4.4 ℃, respectively. Moreover, as the thickness of the thermal insulation increased, the floor temperature rose and exhibited smaller fluctuations. Finally, it was found that increasing the thickness of thermal insulation improved the indoor thermal comfort environment, as evidenced by an increase in the PMV from –1.0 to 0.3, and a decrease in the PPD from 25.1% to 9.5%.
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Kang, Yong-Kwon, Beom-Jun Kim, Soo-Yeol Yoon, and Jae-Weon Jeong. "Experimental evaluation of phase change material in radiant cooling panels integrated with thermoelectric modules." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101002.
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This study proposes a phase change material for use in radiant cooling panels integrated with thermoelectric modules (PCM–TERCP) and evaluates its performance characteristics during the solidification and melting process of phase change materials in design conditions. The PCM–TERCP consists of phase change materials (PCMs), thermoelectric modules (TEMs), and aluminumpanels. TEMs operate to freeze the PCM, and PCM stores the cooling thermal energy to maintain the constant surface temperature of the panel for radiant cooling. The main purpose of thermal energy storage systems is the shift of the electricity consumption from day-time to night-time during the summer season. Therefore, PCM–TERCP can implement off-peak operation according to which energy is expected to be saved. The melting temperature of PCM and the target surface temperatures of the bottom panels of PCM–TERCP were designed to be 16°C. Additionally, the room temperature and mean radiant temperature (MRT) was set to 24°C, while the thickness of the PCM pouch was 10 mm. As a result, the solidification process required 4 h and the total input power was 0.528 kWh. Correspondingly, the melting process can operate passively over a period of 4 h. In most cases, the operating temperature was lower than 19°C, which validates the temperature response of PCM–TERCP.
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Sugiono, Sugiono, Andyka Kusuma, Rio Lukodono, Siti Nurlaela, and Achmad Wicaksono. "Impact of elevated outdoor MRT station towards passenger thermal comfort: A case study in Jakarta MRT." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 29, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2020.29.1.9.
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Comfort of the train passengers is the main priority of modern mass rapid transit (MRT) management. Objective of this paper is to investigate the thermal comfort of the elevated MRT station in tropical climate. The first step of this study was to conduct literature review on human thermal comfort, environment ergonomics, computational fluid dynamic (CFD), computational aeroacoustics (CAA), and predicted mean vote (PMV). Air quality in elevated MRT station was measured based on several parameters: relative humidity, wind speed, temperature, and wind direction. A 3D model of MRT designed was used to describe existing condition prior to simulations with CFD and CAA softwares. Predicted mean vote is arranged based on the value of metabolism, wind speed, ambient temperature, mean radiant temperature, amount of insulation from clothing, and relative humidity. Whereas predicted percentage of dissatisfi ed (PPD) can be derived from PMV calculations. The analysis shows that the average PMV of existing condition for elevated outdoor MRT station is 3.6 (extremely hot) with PPD is 100% (all passengers felt discomfort). Some recommendations to reduce heat stress were addressed such as: adding plant, changing materials of the MRT station, and change the design of the elevated MRT station. Modifying open elevated MRT station into indoor elevated MRT station with installing six units of AC (2pk, ±23°C) can improve air quality and maintain the thermal comfort scale of PMV to be –0.04 (comfort) with PPD of < 8%. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the most suitable design for elevated MRT station in tropical climate (hot and humid) is indoor MRT station with pay attention to both direct and indirect heat exposure that hit the station.
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Lee, Chun-Seok, and Nam-Hyung Ryu. "The Influence of the Landscaping Shade Membrane's Brightness on the Mean Radiant Temperature(MRT) of Summer Outdoor." Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 43, no. 5 (October 31, 2015): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9715/kila.2015.43.5.065.
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Zulfiana, Indah Sari. "KENYAMANAN LINGKUNGAN TERMAL RUANG KULIAH (C4) FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS ICHSAN GORONTALO." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terpadu) 7, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32487/jtt.v7i1.637.
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Kenyamanan termal suatu ruang kuliah diperlukan untuk mendukung proses penerimaan pembelajaran oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kenyamanan lingkungan termal pada ruang kuliah (C4) Fakultas Teknik Universitas Ichsan Gorontalo dengan menggunakan sistem penghawaan buatan (AC). Kuisioner dibagikan kepada 30 mahasiswa Teknik Arsitektur dengan menggunakan sensasi termal ASHRAE, penerimaan kondisi termal serta preferensi termal. Bersamaan dengan itu dilakukan pengukuran lapangan untuk mengetahui temperatur udara (Ta), kelembaban relatif (RH), Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) dan kecepatan udara (Va). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 50% mahasiswa memilih agak dingin pada sensasi termalnya sedangkan 97% dapat menerima keadaan termal ruang, dan hampir 70% mahasiswa tidak menginginkan perubahan kondisi termal pada ruangan tersebut.
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Lyu, Tong, Riccardo Buccolieri, and Zhi Gao. "A Numerical Study on the Correlation between Sky View Factor and Summer Microclimate of Local Climate Zones." Atmosphere 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2019): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080438.
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In the context of urbanization, research on urban microclimate and thermal comfort has become one of the themes of eco-city design. Sky view factor (SVF), one of the parameters of urban spatial form, combines multiple morphological information, such as plane opening, aspect ratio, and building density and has an important impact on the urban microclimate. However, there is still no clear research conclusion on the correlation between SVF and microclimate. In this paper, nine Local Climate Zone (LCZ) models are used and typical summer meteorological conditions of Nanjing are applied as an attempt to partially fill this gap. The calculated microclimate and thermal comfort indices include air temperature (AT), surface temperature (ST), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), mean radiant temperature (MRT), and predicted mean vote (PMV). Results show that the local effect of urban morphology on thermal comfort can be retrieved from the use of comprehensive parameters such as SVF (which takes into account the building height, layout, and density) whose distribution in the investigated models showed to be correlated with MRT, so did PMV under low wind speed conditions.
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de Lieto Vollaro, R., A. Vallati, and S. Bottillo. "Differents Methods to Estimate the Mean Radiant Temperature in an Urban Canyon." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.647.
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The mean radiant temperature is one of the meteorological key parameters governing human energy balance and the thermal comfort of human body. This variable can be considered as the sum of all direct and reflected radiation fluxes to which the human body is exposed. After the basics of the Tmrt calculation a comparison between two methods suitable for obtaining Tmrt in a street canyon will be presented. One of the discussed methods of obtaining Tmrt is based on the utilization of a globe thermometer. The other method is the radiation environment simulation through three PC software (RayMan, ENVI-met and SOLWEIG).
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Takebayashi, Hideki, Mai Okubo, and Hiroki Danno. "Thermal Environment Map in Street Canyon for Implementing Extreme High Temperature Measures." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060550.
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The thermal environment map in street canyon is derived by using GIS building data and more detailed calculation, and its effectiveness is considered for implementing extreme high temperature measures. The influence of mean radiant temperature (MRT) is more dominant than the wind velocity on the distribution of standard new effective temperature (SET*) on the typical summer day in street canyon in the urban area of Kobe city, and the solar radiation shading is more effective in suppressing the rise of SET* in the daytime than improving the land coverage. The following strategy of extreme high temperature measures is derived by considering the thermal environment map in street canyon. Pedestrians may find the shaded places on the north-south road until 10:00 a.m. and after 3:00 p.m., due to the eastern building’s shade in the morning and the western building’s shade in the afternoon.
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Lee, Chun-Seok, and Nam-Hyung Ryu. "The Comparison of the Solar Radiation and the Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) under the Shade of Landscaping Trees in Summertime." Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 42, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9715/kila.2014.42.5.022.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT)"
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Godbole, Swapnil. "Investigating The Relationship Between Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) And Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) : A case study in a University building." Thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235927.
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Thermal comfort in an indoor environment is largely dependent on the four environmental and two personal parameters which is most commonly measured by the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) model developed by Fanger. It has been studied that variations in these parameters beyond a range could lead to discomfort complaints. However, little research has been done on the effect of mean radiant temperature variations and its influence on predicted mean vote and thermal comfort specially in an actual building environment. This study aims to investigate the relationship between mean radiant temperature and predicted mean vote in indoor environment. Using the methods of on-site measurement of indoor environmental parameters and subjective votes on thermal sensation in an educational building; it was found that rise in mean radiant temperature lead to rise in PMV value and discomfort vote amongst occupants seated near glazed façade. A very strong positive correlation was found between mean radiant temperature and PMV near the window side of the room under warm and sunny weather conditions. Analysis of indoor environmental data from the several measurement sessions concluded that rise in mean radiant temperature and PMV was not noticed until there was a direct solar transmission through the window. It is advisable to use solar shading on windows, but special consideration should be given to the trade-offs between energy consumption (heating or cooling) and lighting energy consumption. No conclusions could be made in terms of ankle draft discomfort due to experimental limitations and more research would be required to investigate this phenomenon.Termisk komfort inomhusmiljö är till stor del beroende av de fyra miljö och två personlig parametrar som oftast mäts av Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) modell som utvecklats av Fanger. Det har studerats att variationer i dessa parametrar utanför en limit kan leda till missnöjeklagomål. Däremot har lite forskning gjorts på effekten av mean radiant tempratur och dess inverkan på predicted mean vote och termisk komfort speciellt i en verklig byggnadsmiljö. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan mean radiant tempratur och predicted mean vote i inomhusmiljö. Användning mätmetoderna av inomhusmiljöparametrar och subjektiva röster av termisk komfort uppfattning i en byggnad för utbildning; det konstaterades att stiga i medel leda mean radiant tempratur att stiga i predicted mean vote värde och missnöje rösta bland byggnad brukarna sitter nära glasfasaden. En väldigt positiv korrelation mellan men radiant tempratur och predicted mean vote nära en fönstersida under varma och soliga väder var noterat. Genom att analysera data av inomhusmiljön från de multipla mätningssessionerna konkluderat att ökningen i mean radiant tempratur och predicted mean vote inte märktes tills det fanns en direkt soltransmission genom fönstret. Det är rekommenderar att använda solskydd på fönster, men med tanke på kompromisser mellan energiförbrukning (värme eller kyla) och ljussättning konsumtion. Inga slutsatser kan göras om luftdrag på fotled grund av experimentella begränsningar och mer forskning skulle krävas för att undersöka detta fenomen.
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Armson, David. "The effect of trees and grass on the thermal and hydrological performance of an urban area." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effect-of-trees-and-grass-on-the-thermal-and-hydrological-performance-of-an-urban-area(c203be98-7c4e-4445-83cb-32d8d98796bc).html.
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The process of urbanization dramatically alters the landscape which can have negative effects on the environment, and thereby, places the inhabitants and the city itself at risk. The development of an urban heat island can have severe health implications for city inhabitants during prolonged heat waves. Urbanisation also alters hydrological processes, which can place urban areas at a greater threat of surface flooding during heavy rainfall. As cities are continuing to expand, and as climate change proceeds, these problems are only likely to be exacerbated and there is a need to find ways to reduce these negative effects.This thesis builds upon previous modelling work on the effect of greenspace on the climate and hydrology of Manchester, U.K. The aims were to test the predictions of this model by investigating the effect of trees and grass in reducing surface temperatures and rainfall runoff, and further investigate their effects on air and globe temperatures. Surface, globe, and air temperatures were measured on grass and concrete areas in full sun and tree shade, both under large tree canopies, and below those of a range of street tree species. The rainfall runoff from experimental plots covered in asphalt, asphalt plus a tree and grass, was also investigated. Grass reduced surface temperatures in full sun by up to 24°C, in good agreement with previous models, but permanent tree shade reduced concrete temperatures by almost as much, up to 19°C. Tree shade also reduced globe temperatures by up to 7°C, a reduction which can improve human comfort on hot day. These results indicate that both forms of vegetation will act regionally, reducing the urban heat island effect, but that trees can dramatically improve the local environmental conditions. Street trees reduced surface and globe temperatures by rather less, 12°C and 4°C respectively, though trees with a higher leaf area index provided greater cooling. Because of advection neither trees nor small areas of grass had an effect on local air temperatures.Grass was most effective vegetation type at preventing rainfall runoff, reducing runoff coefficients of the plots from around 60% on asphalt to near zero. However, tree units also reduced the runoff coefficient to around 25%, despite having a canopy that covered only a small proportion of the plot, suggesting that much of the rainfall must have infiltrated into the planting hole. These reductions are higher than predicted by previous modelling, highlighting the importance of greenspace on the hydrology of the urban environment.The results suggest that trees and grass provide complementary environmental benefits in cities, and that the benefits of trees strongly depend on species and planting conditions
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Carbol, Ladislav. "Analýza stropního vytápění." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226007.
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Diploma thesis deals with analysis of radiant ceiling heating in VUT dormitories. The work contains a theoretical analysis of radiant and convection heat transmission of ceiling heating. Part of this work is creation of mathematical model for evaluation of variables typical for radiant ceiling heating. Model outposts are compared with data measured on a real building.
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Macrelli, Giacomo. "Comfort-aided design for sustainable retrofitting: a new working and living model for Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Il progetto di tesi è basato su strategie di retrofit applicate su un edificio abbandonato, situato a Bologna, sperimentando moderni strumenti di simulazione energetica e metodologie progettuali parametriche. Sono state valutate le condizioni microclimatiche esterne e di progettate soluzioni tecnologiche, avendo come scopo principale il rispetto delle condizioni di comfort.
L’edificio è situato in un’area periferica a nord di Bologna, nel quartiere Bolognina. Si trova in prossimità della stazione ferroviaria, la nuova sede del Comune e fa parte di un ambizioso progetto urbanistico di riqualificazione dell’area. Storicamente, Bolognina, fu un quartiere caratterizzato dalla forte presenza del ceto operaio, in quanto, a partire dal XX secolo, vide la costruzione sul proprio suolo di numerosi uffici, fabbriche e industrie. Oggi Bolognina è parecchio cambiata rispetto al passato: il quartiere è costantemente presidiato dalle pattuglie di polizia per il suo alto tasso di criminalità che, unito all’alto livello di degrado, una condizione di povertà dovuta alla mancanza di lavoro e un alto tasso di immigrazione, rendono difficili la convivenza e la coesione sociale.
Il progetto ha lo scopo di attivare dinamiche di rammendo del tessuto sociale, attraverso il riuso dell’edificio degli ex uffici Telecom e la progettazione di un community hub che contenga spazi cohousing, adibiti alla residenza collettiva, e coworking, in modo da promuovere il senso di comunità. Il progetto si basa sulla simulazione del comfort, che è risultata fondamentale al fine di determinare le strategie progettuali.
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Gaxiola, Camacho Ivan Eladio. "Mitigating Urban Heat Island through Integration of Agriculture in the Built Environment in Arid Regions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613514.
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Consequences of human activity in natural environments can be observed in urban phenomena. Urban Heat Island is one of those consequences, it is characterized by higher temperature levels in surface-cover and air in urban centers compared with its surrounding rural areas. UHIs are present in cities of arid ecosystems such as Phoenix and Tucson. Existing urban development trends contribute to UHI episodes. Urban Agriculture (UA) is an emerging environmental strategy and, contrary to traditional and industrial agricultural methods, UA systems provide the option of not using soil, its geometrical arrangement lets grow crops disregarding of extensive surface of land to be consumed. UA systems can be implemented as building fabric components. Urban Agriculture provides access to healthier and economic food, it is more energy efficient and promotes a more vegetarian diet which can eventually contribute diminishing health problems such as obesity and toxicity. A response for achieving a decrease in temperature levels in an urban arid region scenario can be established by demonstrating the following premise: "Urban Heat Island effect in arid regions can be mitigated if vegetated surface in the form of agriculture is properly integrated in the built environment". Research procedures were applied at building scale. Results involved physical objective data acquisition. Research methods required the use of software and thermodynamic tools to measure thermal behavior of samples. The impact of vegetated cover in temperature levels and thermal comfort in an outdoor scenario was digitally simulated. The selected research case contributed as a source of data for comparison and baseline benchmarking of thermodynamic circumstances. Employment of green infrastructure in cities can contribute to the improvement of energy efficiency in buildings and developing self-sufficient communities. Urban agriculture comprises implications and side beneficial environmental consequences in arid habitats beyond decreasing temperature levels in cities, such effects are energy conservation, reducing air pollution, diminishing food security concerns, improving soil quality and runoff wastewater as well as cutting down fossil fuel use in transportation of food. In that sense, future research fields include water quality and availability, innovative emerging materials, climate analysis, societal and cultural value, Net zero development and energy efficiency as well as solid waste management.
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Janečka, Jan. "Návrh zařízení pro měření a hodnocení tepelného stavu prostředí." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234012.
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The thesis deals with evaluation of the environmental thermal state in closed rooms with people inside the room. The achievement of thermal comfort is related to thermal balance of human body. People are producing heat during their work, which has to be carried away from the body to surrounding area by radiation, convection, conduction, respiration and evaporation. The intensity of heat removal is influenced by environmental parameters, especially by air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity and humidity. Personal factors as energy expenditure of human body and clothing resistance are influencing the intensity of heat removal as well. People are able to influence the thermal comfort by their behaviour in given environment, appropriate clothing and regulation of basic environmental parameters. CSN EN ISO 7730 standard states that environmental parameters should be estimated or measured. The operative temperature is than evaluated from collected data. This operative temperature is defined as the temperature of black enclosed area where the human body will be by convection and radiation sharing the same amount of heat as in real inconsistent environment. Nowadays on the market there is no cheap solution for sensor which is able to evaluate the operating temperature and could be used in buildings. There are a lot of professional sensors which have very high accuracy, but are very expensive. Therefore are mainly used only for research or for single and exceptional measurement of environmental thermal state in rooms. The thesis is therefore focused on proposal of suitable (compact) operative temperature sensor assembled according to valid regulations and standards. Emphasis is placed mainly on the sensor price together with guarantee of sufficient accuracy. The proposed sensor is providing information to control system which is than able to adjust the parameters of environment using appropriate way based on relevant requirements. Here is some space for energy savings due to possible continuous measurement and evaluation of environmental thermal state in different rooms. Therefore, during continuous measurement no unnecessary rooms overheating in winter as well as unreasonable cooling in summer should occur. This research and solution is than reflected in reduction of energy consumption used for building operation and subsequently reduction of the pollutants production. This issue is being watched with increasing interest. Another advantage is that whole system is able to work autonomously without human intervention. People no longer have to continuously adjust air temperature because the control system is able to evaluate the most appropriate adjustments based on objective data obtained from the sensor. The thesis includes subsequent verification of proposed sensor as well as the definition of sensor technical parameters including analysis of measurement uncertainties.
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Košíková, Jana. "Soustava hodnocení tepelného stavu prostředí a analýza jejich nejistot měření." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234196.
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The Ph.D. thesis deals with the evaluation of indoor thermal environment in which people are located. A great attention is paid to the thermal comfort. If a person in a given environment does not feel well, then makes mistakes. Thermal comfort is created many parameters that can be monitored and managed. These parameters include not only temperature but also other parameters such as the mean radiant temperature, operative temperature, humidity and air velocity and the draft. All these parameters can be measured. The standard ČSN EN ISO 7726 is written how and what the parameters are measured. Furthermore, this standard provides requirements for measuring equipment. There are many professional measuring devices. Unfortunately, these devices are very expensive. Therefore are within the project GACR 101/09/H050 - Research on energy- saving equipment to achieve the quality of the indoor environment at our faculty developed sensors for thermal comfort, which have showed comparable accuracy measurements as a professional , but it will be cheaper than professional. Knowledge of real parameters of the developed sensor thermal comfort environment is important, as with any other measurement devices, and also need to verified whether it has the required accuracy. In order to objectively sensors testing were developed two chambers - the testing and calibration chamber. The developed sensors were tested both in the open laboratory, and also in the test chamber. Then uncertainties measurement were calculated from the results of measurements This work deals with the evaluation of thermal comfort, the measurement of parameters of thermal environment, the evaluating the results of measurements and determining the measurement uncertainty of the sensors. In this thesis, based on these results, were recommended suitable sensors for measuring various parameters environment.
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Diatel, Jakub. "Vytápění bytových domů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392111.
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The topic of this diploma thesis is heating of apartment buildings, where an attention was focused on thermal comfort in heated rooms. The first theoretical part brings results of CFD simulations which compare radiators with floor heating. The second part consits of practical application o the given building. There are two options in this project - heating by radiators or floor heating. The third part describes two experiments - measurement of indoor environment in two rooms and measurement of gas consumption in apartment buildings with different heating concepts. In the last part the mean radiant temperature is simulated. There are compared different kind of heating, which have impact to distribution of mean radiant temperature in the room. The personal software was created for deeper understanding of mean radiant temperature.
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Grosdemouge, Virginie. "Proposition d'indicateurs de confort thermique et estimation de la température radiante moyenne en milieu urbain tropical. Contribution à la méthode nationale d'évaluation des ÉcoQuartiers." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0033.
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Notre étude menée dans l’EcoQuartier (EQ) de la Ravine Blanche, à La Réunion, souligne que les indicateurs développés dans la méthode nationale d’évaluation ne sont pas tous adaptés à notre contexte en milieu tropical. Cette thèse démontre qu’un indicateur de performance des bâtiments basé sur un niveau de confort thermique semble plus adapté en milieu tropical que le strict indicateur énergétique. Une revue de littérature portant sur les différents indices développés afin de quantifier le confort thermique en extérieur a donc été réalisée et nous a permis de porter notre choix sur deux indices pertinents : la PET et l’UTCI. Le confort thermique en milieu urbain tropical est fortement affecté par la température radiante moyenne extérieure (Tmrt), qui est un paramètre physique difficilement caractérisable, aussi bien en termes de mesures que de modélisation et, qui est essentielle au calcul des indices de confort PET et UTCI. Une expérimentation basée sur une méthode de mesure existante permettant d’estimer Tmrt est mise en œuvre. Cette thèse propose également une méthodologie reproductible se basant sur des mesures microclimatiques combinées à des enquêtes de terrain. Une évaluation de la perception du confort thermique des usagers a été menée dans un espace urbain de l’EQ de la Ravine Blanche, avec la problématique du confort d’été. De plus, une comparaison entre différentes méthodes de mesure de la Tmrt (globe noir et globe gris) montre que le choix de la méthode a un impact non négligeable sur les valeurs des indices de confort choisis. Enfin, les indices PET et UTCI ont été calibrés et leurs zones de confort respectives ont été définies pour le climat de Saint-PierreFeedback from the post-occupancy evaluation carried out in the eco-neighbourhood (EQ) of Ravine Blanche, in Reunion Island, shows that some indicators proposed by the French eco-neighbourhood evaluation model are not suitable for specific application in tropical climate. This thesis demonstrates that a building performance indicator based on a level of thermal comfort seems more appropriate in a tropical urban environment. A literature review of the main existing outdoor thermal comfort indices has been carried out. Two relevant indices for application in a tropical climate have been chosen: the PET and the UTCI indices. In addition, this research study mainly focuses on the definition and estimation of the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), which is one of the most important factors that influence human thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. However, Tmrt is particularly difficult to determine, whether in terms of in-situ measurements or numerical modelling. An experimentation based on an existing methodology has been set up so as to estimate Tmrt. This thesis also proposes a methodology relating to how to conduct field surveys in outdoor environments with micrometeorological measurements. People’s subjective thermal perception in a coastal outdoor urban environment of the EQ of Ravine Blanche has been investigated during summer. Furthermore, two popular radiation measurement techniques in determining Tmrt (black globe & grey globe) have been studied. The choice of the method has an impact on the thermal comfort indices values. Finally, the PET and UTCI indices have been calibrated and their respective comfort zones have been defined for the climate of Saint-Pierre
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"On the Measurement of Mean Radiant Temperature, Radiant Fluxes and View Factors Under Shaded in Hot, Humid and High Density Environment." 2017. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292261.
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從熱輻射傳遞角度，本研究旨在探討保留、改善，以及營造建築與建築之間較好微氣候的可行性，從而使日常的居民受惠。這次研究嘗試探究及引入一種簡單估測方法，讓建築師及城市規劃師能簡單地估測高密度建築間戶外熱舒適的表現，使他們能在規劃初期，或設計完成後作快速及簡單的評估。
是次簡單估測方法建基於城市形態與其中熱輻射能的實驗關係，及熱輻射傳遞的理論。
基於研究結果，本研究將會建議若干可持續環境城市規劃中有關戶外熱舒適的設計策略，特別是應對有如香港般炎熱及潮濕的氣候和季節。
通盤的城市規劃需要兼籌並顧，(戶)內外兼備，讓市民更能享受於有益身心的戶外居住環境。
The study investigates the feasibilities, from radiative heat transfer of view, of preserving, improving and creating a better micro-climate around buildings for the sake of pedestrian. It explored and introduced any rule of thumb for architects and urban planners to estimate the change in outdoor mean radiant temperature via the changes in radiant fluxes due to changes in densely built environment. Generally, shading is essential to block the direct sunlight at the first place to reduce significantly the mean radiant temperature. The second important thing is the amount and disposition of Sky View Factor for radiative cooling of an open space. The effects of other view factors of built environment on radiant fluxes are subject to investigation. Therefore, this study scrutinizes the relation between view factors of design elements in built environment and the resulting radiant fluxes as well as the mean radiant temperature.
The rule of thumb or design guidelines would be based on empirical relations between urban morphology and the consequent radiant fluxes and thus the mean radiant temperature. These empirical relations were obtained from field measurement and supported by theory of radiative heat transfer. Based on the findings, strategic sustainable urban planning would be suggested to stakeholders. A number of qualitative design guidelines would be essential to both the outdoor thermal comfort and to the architects, for instance, the organization of building group, disposition and orientation of buildings, design of building envelope, and the use of materials and so on. As a result, qualitative design guidelines would be illustrated with schematic diagrams for a quicker understanding and easier application.
To create and provide a better thermal-physical environment, proper consideration of these design elements could help outdoor open space for better radiative cooling and avoid the open spaces from overly radiative heating in hot and humid regions, like Hong Kong, particularly in the summer season. The holistic planning on built environment, both indoor and outdoor, should therefore be taken into consideration of designing the urban environment properly so as to allow pedestrian to enjoy and live healthier in the outdoor urban environment.
Lai, Kwok Lung.
Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2017.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Book chapters on the topic "Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT)"
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Lau, Kevin Ka-Lun, Zheng Tan, Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo, and Chao Ren. "Effects of Urban Geometry on Mean Radiant Temperature." In SpringerBriefs in Architectural Design and Technology, 69–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5245-5_5.
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Dai, Qun, and Marc Aurel Schnabel. "Relationship between Mean Radiant Temperature and Building Type for Pedestrians in Rotterdam." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 306–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38974-0_29.
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Kenji, Suzuki, Ito Kiyotaka, Tabuchi Matsumi, and Shibuya Masaki. "Economy of Fuel Gas in a Combustion Furnace by Means of Si-C-Zr-O Tyranno-Fiber Mat Sheets Converting High Temperature Gas Enthalpy into Radiant Heat Rays." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 127–35. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470880630.ch17.
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Mola, S., M. Magini, and C. Malvicino. "Equivalent Temperature Estimator using Mean Radiant Temperature Sensor." In Sensors and their Applications XI, 61–66. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351076593-9.
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Palka, Jiri. "Visualization of Overlapping of Scanned Areas at Mean Radiant Temperature Measurement." In DAAAM Proceedings, 0307–8. DAAAM International Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2507/22nd.daaam.proceedings.152.
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Conceição, Eusébio Z. E., and Domingos X. Viegas. "Application of the mean radiant temperature method in the evaluation of radiative heat exchanges between a fire front and a group of firemen." In Advances in forest fire research, 95–101. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0884-6_9.
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Hoyt, Douglas V., and Kenneth H. Shatten. "Rainfall." In The Role of the Sun in Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094138.003.0010.
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This chapter examines rainfall and associated phenomena and their possible relationship to solar activity. Rainfall can be measured directly using rain gauges or estimated by monitoring lake levels and river flows. Satellite and radar rainfall measurements have become increasingly important. Historical documentation on drought, or the absence of rain, also reveals empirical relationships. Both rainfall and evaporation show marked variations with latitude and geography. First, we examine these rainfall-associated variations and estimate how they might change with solar activity. Second, we cover empirical studies of rainfall, lake levels, river flows, and droughts. The sun bathes the Earth’s equator with enormous amounts of surface energy. Much of this absorbed radiant energy evaporates water, causes atmospheric convection, and is later released to space as thermal radiation. Steady-state energy escapes, so tropical temperatures do not rise without limit. Some absorbed energy is transported poleward by winds from the point of absorption. Intense convection near the equator leads to a large updraft known as the intratropical convergence zone (ITCZ), a band of lofty, high-precipitation clouds producing the largest rainfall of any region on Earth. Solar energy in the ITCZ is carried to high elevations where it diverges and moves poleward. It is unable to travel all the way to the poles, so instead creates a large atmospheric circulation cell known as the Hadley cell. The Hadley cell has an upward motion near the equator and downward motions at about 30° north and south latitude. These downflow regions produce clear air with few clouds and create areas of minimum rainfall called deserts. These regions of upflow and downflow are connected by poleward flows in the upper atmosphere and equatorward flows in the lower atmosphere, forming a complete circulation pattern. Outside the Hadley cell are temperate and polar regions. The temperate regions have more rainfall than the deserts, while the cold polar regions have even less precipitation. Figure 6.1 shows the three regions with relative maximum rainfall. The mean evaporation has a much simpler latitudinal variation that tends to follow the surface temperature. Figure 6.1 shows this variation as a parabolicshaped dotted line.
Conference papers on the topic "Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT)"
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Vargas-Salgado, Carlos, Lina Montuori, Paula Bastida-Molina, and David Alfoso-Solar. "Arduino-based prototype to estimate heat stress indices in urban environments." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10199.
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Thermal comfort indices are normally used for assessing and controlling heat stress conditions in both: insides and outsides environment. In this paper, the results of the design and test of an Arduino-base prototype for estimating heat stress index is presented. This prototype allows the accurate detection of wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, irradiation and globe temperature. By means of these parameters, it is possible to obtain indices such as mean radiant temperature (MRT) and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). As a result, the indices are estimated, storage in a database and analyzed. These values will be used in the future to measure the mitigation of heat stress in urban environments, by means of the construction of green facades and green roof or tree planting.
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Vargas-Salgado, Carlos, Cristian Chiñas-Palacios, Jesús Aguila-León, and David Alfonso-Solar. "Measurement of the black globe temperature to estimate the MRT and WBGT indices using a smaller diameter globe than a standardized one: Experimental analysis." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10203.
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Heat stress can affect negatively human performance, behavior and even health, therefore, mean radiant temperature (MRT) and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) measurement and monitoring should be obtained for any environment in which people are constantly exposed. The aim of this work is to compare the globe thermometer temperature (tg), used for calculating both MTR and WBGT, using a smaller globe compared to a standardized diameter. For such purpose, a prototype has been designed. The device consists of an Arduino MEGA board, three temperature sensors, two black globes (Copper globe, matt black painted) and an anemometer. As an effort to use a device with a globe easier to handle in a real measuring device, a 9 cm diameter globe has been used which has a smaller diameter than a standardized one (15 cm); the third temperature sensor is used to measure the air temperature. MRT monitoring tests were carried out using the proposed prototype, collected data were compared between the smaller and the standardized diameter globes measurements according to UNE EN ISO 7723 and NTP 322 recommendations. Results of this work show that it is possible to use a smaller diameter globe in a heat stress monitor, with an acceptable margin of error compared to a standardized size globe.
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Chaudhuri, Tanaya, Yeng Chai Soh, Sumanta Bose, Lihua Xie, and Hua Li. "On assuming Mean Radiant Temperature equal to air temperature during PMV-based thermal comfort study in air-conditioned buildings." In IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793073.
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Marino, Concettina, Antonino Nucara, Matilde Pietrafesa, Erika Polimeni, and Silvia Costanzo. "Outdoor Mean Radiant Temperature Estimation: Is the Black-Globe Thermometer Method a Feasible Course of Action?" In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2018.8493714.
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Ganem, Ricardo, Allan T. Kirkpatrick, and Patrick Burns. "Use of the Discrete Transfer Method for Determination of the Radiation Heat Transfer in a Building Environment." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-108.
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Abstract In order to evaluate comfort conditions inside a room it is necessary to estimate the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) distribution on it. The generally accepted method to calculate radiation exchange within non-participating enclosures is the Radiosity Intensity Method (RIM). However it is very difficult to compute mean radiant temperatures with this method. This paper proposes the use of a new version of the Discrete Transfer Method (DTM). The DTM has been used before inside combustion chambers and furnaces but rarely in non-participating enclosures, such as a room. However, the Discrete Transfer Method can be used in these kind of enclosures, as this paper demonstrates, to compute the mean radiant temperature. The types of building enclosures examined are ones with with radiant heating panels, windows, and direct solar gain.
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Sterman, Michael, and Melody Baglione. "Simulating the Use of CO2 Concentration Inputs for Controlling Temperature in a Hydronic Radiant System." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71095.
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Incorporating predictive control into heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems has the potential to improve occupancy comfort and reduce energy use. This paper simulates the novel use of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration inputs to augment temperature prediction and control. An artificial neural network (ANN) model and a least mean squares (LMS) filtering algorithm are used to simulate the temperature and control of a classroom in a high performance academic building with hydronic radiant heating and cooling panels. Numerical models are populated with variables that affect the heat energy entering, leaving, and being generated in a classroom. These variables include indoor and outdoor air temperature, radiant water and supply air temperatures, and classroom CO2 concentrations. The models are compared and then used to simulate the effect of a new control system that inputs CO2 measurements to account for the heat being generated by occupants of the controlled space. Simulation results suggest that augmenting HVAC control systems with CO2 measurements has the potential to improve temperature regulation by anticipating heating and cooling demand fluctuations in spaces with abrupt changes in occupancy.
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XI, Tian-yu, Hong JIN, and Jian-hua DING. "Study on the comprehensive influence of Piloti Ratio on mean radiant temperature in residential communities in subtropical climate cities in China." In The 2015 International Conference on Materials Engineering and Environmental Science (MEES2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814759984_0059.
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Benson, Michael J., Mattias Cooper, Bret P. Van Poppel, and Christopher J. Elkins. "Magnetic Resonance Thermometry: An Emerging Three-Dimensional Temperature Diagnostic Technique." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3484.
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Abstract Magnetic Resonance Thermometry (MRT) is a developing diagnostic technique that leverages advanced medical technologies to accurately measure the temperature of a fluid flow within and around complex geometries. The full three-dimensional temperature field obtained by MRT can be used to analyze heat transfer characteristics and potentially investigate thermal boundary layers near arbitrarily complex surfaces. This technique requires neither optical nor physical accessibility, thereby enabling a wide range of engineering applications. This paper describes the current state of the art for MRT measurement, detailing turbulent water channel tests, materials selection, scanning parameters, data analysis of time-averaged temperature measurements, and uncertainty estimates. The purpose of this work was to evaluate and refine the MRT technique to increase the accuracy of temperature measurements and minimize the error in fully turbulent flow measurements. In the present study, a plate with a vertical cylinder extending from both of its sides was placed between two channels, and a diagonal hole was drilled through the cylinder from one side of the plate to the other. This enabled fluid from one channel to mix with the fluid in the other. This experiment studied the mixing of two fluids at different temperatures. The upstream temperatures of each fluid were measured with thermocouples. Both flows were fully turbulent, and the colder temperature channel had a Reynolds number of 11,800. Tests were run with four different fluid temperatures for calibration and to determine any temperature dependence of measurements. Three-dimensional temperature field measurements are reported and details about data processing and procedures to conduct the experiments are provided. This work resulted in several notable improvements to MRT experimental methods. The test section and water channel were designed to limit the effects of thermal expansion in the stereolithography materials used for manufacturing the complex internal flow geometry. Multiple echo scans were used to minimize the effects of magnetic field drift commonly observed in extended scanning periods in MRI systems. Data analysis techniques were used to quantify expansion effects for both hot and cold flow cases. To quantify measurement uncertainty, the standard deviation of the mean was calculated at each data point across different scan numbers and confidence intervals established using a student t-test. An improved data processing code was used to filter data resulting in increased measurement accuracy and reduced uncertainty to less than 1 °C for most of the domain. Future work will further refine the experimental techniques to improve scanning procedures, employ high conductivity ceramics and larger geometries with relevant applications, and simplify data processing methods to generate full-field flow temperature data.
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Seyednezhad, Mohadeseh, and Hamidreza Najafi. "An Assessment of Thermal Comfort for Thermoelectric-Based Radiant Cooling Systems: A Numerical Investigation." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63980.
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Abstract Studying various innovative cooling/heating technologies as alternatives to vapor-compression refrigeration cycles has received growing attention over the last few years. Thermoelectric (TE) systems are among the promising emerging technologies in this category. In the present paper, numerical modeling and analysis is performed using COMSOL Multiphysics to assess the performance of a thermoelectric (TE)-based radiant cooling ceiling panel on the thermal comfort in a test chamber. The system consists of a rectangular test chamber (∼ 1.2 m × 1.2 m × 1.5 m) with a ceiling panel fabricated on the center of the ceiling (0.6 m × 0.6 m × 0.002 m). Four TE modules are installed on the backside of the ceiling panel producing a cooling effect to maintain the ceiling temperature at the desired level. The lowered temperature of the ceiling panel allows heat exchange through radiation and convection. A spherical object is used to model a globe thermometer (GT) and capture the mean radiant temperature inside of the chamber. The variation of mean radiant temperature and operative temperature versus time are assessed under natural convection, and the comfort level is evaluated using the PMV method based on ASHRAE Standard 55. Design challenges, such as temperature limitation to the dew point temperature, among others, will be discussed. The result of this study provides insights regarding the expected thermal comfort from TE-based radiant cooling systems under various conditions.
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Mun, Junghyon, and Moncef Krarti. "Experimental Analysis of Thermal Comfort-Based Controls." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65043.
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Under laboratory conditions, an experimental analysis is carried to evaluate the performance of thermal comfort-based controls compared to temperature-based controls. In this analysis, the Fanger model used to estimate a thermal comfort indicator that can be utilized to control a mechanical cooling system. Specifically, the Predicted Mean Value (PMV) of Fanger model was determined using two methods. In the first method, a commercially available thermal comfort sensor was used to measure an equivalent temperature which is then converted into PMV. In the second method, air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity, and mean radiant temperature were monitored and the PMV is calculated for a given occupant metabolic rate of occupant and clothing level. The results obtained for the second method was used to calibrate the thermal comfort sensor. In this paper, the results of a series of experiments are presented to determine if thermal comfort-based controls can save energy (while maintaining adequate thermal comfort) when compared to conventional control strategies based on maintaining indoor temperature within given set-points. It was found that when the PMV is set to 0.5, the thermal comfort based controls use 10% less energy than conventional controls. The energy savings are reduced to about 7% when the PMV is set to 0 (neural level).