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Journal articles on the topic 'Mean ratio of exclusive-or'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Rao, T. J. "Mean of ratios or ratio of means or both?" Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 102, no. 1 (2002): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3758(01)00181-1.

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Cernigliaro, Palmeri, Casuccio, Scondotto, Restivo, and In Primis Working Group. "Association of the Individual and Context Inequalities on the Breastfeeding: A Study from the Sicily Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (2019): 3514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193514.

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Despite the advantages of breastfeeding being widely recognized, the economic level can have an influence on breastfeeding rates, with rich women breastfeeding longer than poor in high-income countries. In Italy, socio-economic differences affect breastfeeding start and continuation among most deprived people, such as in Southern Italy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the initiation and continuation of exclusive breastfeeding and its association with the levels of socio-economic deprivation in Sicily. A prospective cohort study with a two-phase survey in three brea

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Khan, Rafiullah, Rene Alderliesten, Saeed Badshah, and Rinze Benedictus. "Effect of stress ratio or mean stress on fatigue delamination growth in composites: Critical review." Composite Structures 124 (June 2015): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.01.016.

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Haag, Dandara G., Lisa M. Jamieson, Joanne Hedges, and Lisa G. Smithers. "Is There an Association between Breastfeeding and Dental Caries among Three-Year-Old Australian Aboriginal Children?" Nutrients 11, no. 11 (2019): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112811.

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An unresolved question about breastfeeding is its effect on caries, in particular, early childhood caries (ECC). In secondary analyses of data from an ECC intervention, we describe breastfeeding among Aboriginal children and associations between breastfeeding and ECC. Breastfeeding (duration and exclusivity to six months) was grouped into mutually exclusive categories. ECC was observed by a calibrated dental professional. Outcomes were prevalence of ECC (% decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the primary dentition (% dmft>0)) and caries severity (mean number of decayed, missing, and filled

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Koh, Sung-Eun. "Graphs with constant ratio of mean curvatures and spherical caps." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 74, no. 1 (2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700035516.

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Let f be a smooth nonconstant function defined on an n dimensional ball and zero on the boundary n − 1 dimensional sphere. It is shown that the graph of f is a spherical cap (1) if f is positive and if the ratio Hk/Hr is a nonzero constant for 1 ≤ k < r ≤ n on the graph of f or (2) if the ratio Hn/Hk is a nonzero constant on the graph of f.

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Barbour, Andrew D., and Andrea Pugliese. "On the variance mean ratio in models of parasite distributions." Advances in Applied Probability 32, no. 03 (2000): 701–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800010211.

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We study the variance-to-mean ratio of the distributions of parasites among hosts for some models of parasite infection, using the cohort approach. We consider a model with density dependence in parasite mortality, and two different formulations of disease induced host mortality. We show that the distributions of parasites, conditional on host survival, converge to quasi-stationary distributions as host age increases. When there is density dependence in parasite mortality, the limiting variance-to-mean ratio is less than 1 (an ‘under-dispersed’ distribution). In contrast, the two modes of dise

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Barbour, Andrew D., and Andrea Pugliese. "On the variance mean ratio in models of parasite distributions." Advances in Applied Probability 32, no. 3 (2000): 701–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1013540240.

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We study the variance-to-mean ratio of the distributions of parasites among hosts for some models of parasite infection, using the cohort approach. We consider a model with density dependence in parasite mortality, and two different formulations of disease induced host mortality. We show that the distributions of parasites, conditional on host survival, converge to quasi-stationary distributions as host age increases. When there is density dependence in parasite mortality, the limiting variance-to-mean ratio is less than 1 (an ‘under-dispersed’ distribution). In contrast, the two modes of dise

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Michlin, Yefim H., Dov Ingman, and Yoram Dayan. "Sequential Test for Arbitrary Ratio of Mean Times Between Failures." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 2, no. 1 (2011): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joris.2011010103.

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This paper describes a planning methodology and tools for a truncated SPRT (sequential probability ratio test) for checking the means ratio of the times between failures (assumed to be exponentially distributed) of two items. The problem is considered for the situation in which the ratio may differ from unity, whereby the results are applicable for any specified ratio, or wherever multiple copies of each item are tested simultaneously (group test). The authors present a methodology for optimal test choice and dependences for determining the acceptance/rejection boundaries of such a test with g

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de Oliveira, Livia Costa, Karla Santos da Costa Rosa, Ana Luísa Durante, et al. "Palliative Care and COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Study of Factors Associated With Infection and Death at an Oncological Palliative Care Reference Center." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 38, no. 5 (2021): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909120986962.

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Background: Advanced cancer patients are part of a group likely to be more susceptible to COVID-19. Aims: To describe the profile of advanced cancer inpatients to an exclusive Palliative Care Unit (PCU) with the diagnosis of COVID-19, and to evaluate the factors associated with death in these cases. Design: Retrospective cohort study with data from advanced cancer inpatients to an exclusive PCU, from March to July 2020, with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Diagnostic of COVID-19 and death were the dependent variables. Logistic regression analyses were performed, with the odds ratio (OR) and

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Mannaerts, Dominique, Suzanne Heyvaert, Chania De Cordt, Claartje Macken, Charlotte Loos, and Yves Jacquemyn. "Are neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and/or mean platelet volume (MPV) clinically useful as predictive parameters for preeclampsia?" Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 32, no. 9 (2017): 1412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2017.1410701.

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Yigit, Enes, Ozlem Onerci Celebi, Ela Araz Server, and Ecem Sevim Longur. "Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Mean Platelet Volume in Chronic Otitis Media with or Without Cholesteatoma." Istanbul Medical Journal 19, no. 2 (2018): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/imj.2018.77854.

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12

Tolkamp, B. J., N. C. Friggens, G. C. Emmans, I. Kyriazakis, and J. D. Oldham. "Meal patterns of dairy cows consuming mixed foods with a high or a low ratio of concentrate to grass silage." Animal Science 74, no. 2 (2002): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052528.

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AbstractWith the aim of testing the effects of food quality on meal patterns 127 213 visits by 22 lactating cows to 12 computerized feeders supplying two foods, high forage (HF) and high concentrate (HC) consisting of grass silage and concentrate were analysed. The foods were composed of the same ingredients but the proportion of concentrate dry matter (DM) in the food DM differed between HC (0·59) and HF (0·27). Each of the foods was offered ad libitum to 11 cows from the start of lactation until 156 (s.e. 9) days after calving. Mean daily fresh food intake (49·2 kg) was not affected by treat

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Schult, Otto W. B., Ludwig E. Feinendegen, Stephan Zaum, Walton W. Shreeve, and Richard N. Pierson. "Applications of BMI or BSI: Differences and Revisions According to Age and Height." Journal of Obesity 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/647163.

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Validation of body-mass relationships requires a careful statistical analysis of data of normal weight individuals. BMI (ratio between body mass and square of body height) and BSI values (ratio between mass and cube of body height) have been calculated for 99 persons with ages between 1 day and 76 years. These BMI or BSI values have been used for least squares fits yielding mean BMI or BSI values, their variances (providing precision), and average deviations of individual BMI/BSI values from the BMI/BSI means. The latter allows limits to over- and underweight. For adults we found mean values o

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Ali, Nouruddin, Maha Hegazy, Mohamed Abdelkawy, and Eglal Abdelaleem. "Simultaneous determination of methocarbamol and ibuprofen or diclofenac potassium using mean centering of the ratio spectra method." Acta Pharmaceutica 62, no. 2 (2012): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-012-0016-z.

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Simultaneous determination of methocarbamol and ibuprofen or diclofenac potassium using mean centering of the ratio spectra method Accurate and sensitive methods were developed for simultaneous determination of methocarbamol and ibuprofen or diclofenac potassium in their binary mixtures, and in the presence of a methocarbamol related substance (guaifenesin) using mean centering of the ratio spectra method. The results obtained were statistically compared with the reported HPLC methods; no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reported methods was found regarding either ac

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Brasil, Sérgio, Davi Jorge Fontoura Solla, Ricardo de Carvalho Nogueira, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira, Luiz Marcelo Sá Malbouisson, and Wellingson Silva Paiva. "Intracranial Compliance Assessed by Intracranial Pressure Pulse Waveform." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11080971.

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Background: Morphological alterations in intracranial pressure (ICP) pulse waveform (ICPW) secondary to intracranial hypertension (ICP >20 mmHg) and a reduction in intracranial compliance (ICC) are well known indicators of neurological severity. The exclusive exploration of modifications in ICPW after either the loss of skull integrity or surgical procedures for intracranial hypertension resolution is not a common approach studied. The present study aimed to assess the morphological alterations in ICPW among neurocritical care patients with skull defects and decompressive craniectomy (DC) b

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Tarrant, Marie, Kris YW Lok, Daniel YT Fong, et al. "Effect of a hospital policy of not accepting free infant formula on in-hospital formula supplementation rates and breast-feeding duration." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 14 (2015): 2689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015000117.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of public hospitals in Hong Kong not accepting free infant formula from manufacturers on in-hospital formula supplementation rates and breast-feeding duration.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingIn-patient postnatal units of four public hospitals in Hong Kong.SubjectsTwo cohorts of breast-feeding mother–infant pairs (n 2560). Cohort 1 (n 1320) was recruited before implementation of the policy to stop accepting free infant formula and cohort 2 (n 1240) was recruited after policy implementation. Participants were followed prospectively for 12 months o

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Knežević, T., I. Padjen, S. Bulimbašić, et al. "AB0349 NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO, PLATELET-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND MEAN PLATELET VOLUME IN LUPUS NEPHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 1199.2–1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.4164.

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Background:A number of blood count parameters are associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. There is discordant evidence whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) might reflect inflammatory response and have prognostic value in SLE patients. However, the studies examining the potential role of these markers in LN are missing.Objectives:To examine NLR, PLR and MPV at the time of biopsy in patients with LN and evaluate their association with prognosis.Methods:In this retrospective study we analyzed the demographic,

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Shirley, Angela, Ashok Sahai, and Isaac Dialsingh. "On Improving Ratio/Product Estimator by Ratio/Product-cum-Mean-per-Unit Estimator Targeting More Efficient Use of Auxiliary Information." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/360549.

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To achieve a more efficient use of auxiliary information we propose single-parameter ratio/product-cum-mean-per-unit estimators for a finite population mean in a simple random sample without replacement when the magnitude of the correlation coefficient is not very high (less than or equal to 0.7). The first order large sample approximation to the bias and the mean square error of our proposed estimators are obtained. We use simulation to compare our estimators with the well-known sample mean, ratio, and product estimators, as well as the classical linear regression estimator for efficient use

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19

Joseph, Bellal, Viraj Pandit, Mazhar Khalil, et al. "Use of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate as an Adjunct to Fresh Frozen Plasma Shortens Time to Craniotomy in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients." Neurosurgery 76, no. 5 (2015): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000685.

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AbstractBACKGROUND:The use of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) to reverse acquired (coagulopathy of trauma) and induced coagulopathy (preinjury warfarin use) is well defined.OBJECTIVE:To compare outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury without warfarin therapy receiving PCC as an adjunct to fresh frozen plasma (FFP) therapy compared with patients receiving FFP therapy alone.METHODS:All patients with traumatic brain injury coagulopathy without warfarin therapy who received PCC (25 IU/kg) in conjunction with FFP or FFP alone at our Level I trauma center were reviewed. Coagulopathy w

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Atlas, Ahmet. "Clinical Significance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Liver Transplantation." Medical Science and Discovery 8, no. 5 (2021): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v8i5.541.

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Objective: Liver transplantation has been reported to be a predictor of patient survival in acute coronary syndrome and various malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In a previous study, it was demonstrated that high Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) values before treatment are an independent prognostic factor predicting poor survival in patients with large HCC. We aimed to investigate whether preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and thrombocyte count are prognostic factors for posttransplantation mortality or graft function in patients

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Gardner, JL, and M. Serena. "Spatial-Organization and Movement Patterns of Adult Male Platypus, Ornithorhynchus-Anatinus (Monotremata, Ornithorhynchidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 1 (1995): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950091.

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Home-range size and overlap and movement patterns of adult male platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, occupying streams in southern Victoria were investigated near the start of the breeding season using radio-tracking techniques. On the basis of a sample of males monitored for four or more complete activity periods, home-range size varied from 2.9 to 7.0 km, with individuals (n = 4) moving a mean net distance of 2.0 +/- 1.4 km per activity period. Longer-range movements were also observed, with one male travelling at least 15 km from one stream catchment to another via an intervening stretch of

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Zwally, H. Jay, and Mario B. Giovinetto. "Areal distribution of the oxygen-isotope ratio in Greenland." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500014051.

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Mean values of the oxygen-isotope ratio relative to standard mean ocean water (δ18O, in ‰) reported for 46 sites on the Greenland ice sheet are compiled together with data on mean annual surface temperature, latitude, δ18O elevation, and mean annual shortest distance to the open ocean denoted by the 10% sea-ice concentration boundary. Stepwise regression analyses, with δ18O as the dependent variable, define two robust models. In the forward mode at the 99.9% confidence level, only temperature enters the model. In the backward mode at the 95% confidence level, only temperature, latitude and dis

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Chen, Li, Ying Hao, Xiliang Cong, et al. "Peripheral Venous Blood Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) for Predicting the Survival of Patients With Gastric Cancer Treated With SOX or XELOX Regimen Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 18 (January 1, 2019): 153303381982948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033819829485.

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Background: Inflammation plays an important role in tumor progression. Predicting survival is remarkably difficult in patients with gastric cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential prognostic significance of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with gastric cancer receiving S-1 plus oxaliplatin or oxaliplatin and capecitabine regimen. Methods: Ninety-one patients with gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study and then underwent operation. The optimal cutoff value was calculated using r

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Zwally, H. Jay, and Mario B. Giovinetto. "Areal distribution of the oxygen-isotope ratio in greenland." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500014051.

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Mean values of the oxygen-isotope ratio relative to standard mean ocean water (δ 18O, in ‰) reported for 46 sites on the Greenland ice sheet are compiled together with data on mean annual surface temperature, latitude, δ 18O elevation, and mean annual shortest distance to the open ocean denoted by the 10% sea-ice concentration boundary. Stepwise regression analyses, with δ 18O as the dependent variable, define two robust models. In the forward mode at the 99.9% confidence level, only temperature enters the model. In the backward mode at the 95% confidence level, only temperature, latitude and

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Yapar, Aliekber, Mehmet Ali Tokgöz, Dilek Yapar, İsmail Burak Atalay, Coşkun Ulucaköy, and Bedii Şafak Güngör. "Diagnostic and prognostic role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio in patients with osteosarcoma." Joint Diseases and Related Surgery 32, no. 2 (2021): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52312/jdrs.2021.79775.

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Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) values in patients with osteosarcoma. Patients and methods: A total of 172 patients (111 males, 61 females; mean age: 24.3±15.3 years; range, 7 to 82 years) diagnosed with osteosarcoma in our institution between January 2002 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 165 healthy individuals (115 males, 50 females; mean age: 20.2±9.2 years; range, 10 to 65 years) who did not have in

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Kurniawan, Albert, Maria Steffany Lainama, and Wienta Diarsvitri. "Mean Platelet Ratio, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, and the Risk of Febrile Seizures in Children Aged 6–59 Months." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, B (2021): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5575.

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BACKGROUND: The occurrence of febrile seizure is affected by numerous factors, but some studies indicated that inflammatory cytokines might contribute to the development of febrile seizure. In resource limited settings, complete blood count (CBC) might serve as potential indices for inflammatory response. AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine the role of mean platelet ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the risk of febrile seizures in children aged 6–24 months and 25–59 months at S.K. Lerik Regional Public Hospital in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. METHO

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Gosselin, Antoine, Patrick Lefebvre, Mei S. Duh, Scott R. McKenzie, Samir H. Mody, and Catherine Tak Piech. "Dosing Patterns and Transfusion Use in Cancer Patients Treated with Erythropoietic Agents: Results of an Observational Study of over 8,000 Patients." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3118.3118.

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Abstract Background: Epoetin alfa (EPO) and darbepoetin alfa (DARB) are FDA approved for the treatment of chemotherapy-related anemia in patients with non-myeloid malignancies. To understand current utilization patterns, this retrospective study examined real-world EPO and DARB treatment patterns (administration frequency, dosing, and treatment duration), frequency of physician visits, and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion use in adult patients with cancer. Methods: An analysis of medical claims from July 2002 through February 2005 using the Integrated Health Care Information services (IHCIS) n

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Ganushchak, Y. M., J. G. Maessen, and D. S. de Jong. "The oxygen debt during routine cardiac surgery: illusion or reality?" Perfusion 17, no. 3 (2002): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659102pf561oa.

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Background: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are often thought to have tissue hypoxia and intraoperative oxygen debt accumulation despite the lack of sufficient data to support this assumption. Methods and results: Oxygen uptake and related parameters, including the plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations, were studied during the peri-operative period in a group of 15 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The actual oxygen uptake (VO2) and delivery (DO2) were compared with the individual expected (computed) o

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Nourse, Peter, Nicole C. A. J. van de Kar, Hans L. Willems, and Cornelis H. Schröder. "No Significant Differences in Peritoneal Fluid Handling in Children Using pH-Neutral or Acidic Solutions." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 26, no. 5 (2006): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080602600512.

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Objectives Differences in peritoneal fluid handling in the acute setting can be expected if children are converted to pH-neutral dialysis solutions because conventional acidic solutions exert toxic effects on peritoneal mesothelial cells and microcirculation. Peritoneal fluid kinetics was therefore investigated with both types of solutions in a group of children. Design Peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) were performed in 12 patients [mean age 70 months, mean time on peritoneal dialysis (PD) 18 months] using a pH-neutral PD fluid (Physioneal 3.86%; Baxter Ltd, Castlebar, Ireland) and dextra

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Abbo, O., C. Ferdynus, N. Kalfa, L. Huiart, F. Sauvat, and L. H. Harper. "Male infants with hypospadias and/or cryptorchidism show a lower 2D/4D digit ratio than normal boys." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 7 (2015): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-306454.

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BackgroundIn humans the ratio of the index finger to the ring finger is sexually dimorphic, with the mean ratio being larger in women than in men. It has been suggested that this difference is related to prenatal androgen exposure. This has been further demonstrated in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Normal development of the male external genitalia is linked to androgen-mediated events during gestation. We therefore wanted to determine if the 2D:4D digit ratio was normal in boys with cryptorchidism or hypospadias.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled all prepubertal patients seen in

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Saxena, Puneet, Deepak Chadha, Rishika Goyal, and Adarsh Kenchappa Shanbogh. "Study of association between urine albumin creatinine ratio and ankle brachial index or peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 10 (2020): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20204071.

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Background: To establish association between urine albumin creatinine ratio and ankle brachial index or peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods: Total 74 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus of >50 years of age subjected to calculation of urine albumin creatinine ratio and ankle brachial index was calculated using doppler sonography and estimation of peripheral arterial diseases was done. The data obtained subjected to analysis.Results: In group with ABI <0.9 suggestive of PAD, mean age of the patient was 62.32±5.8 years, mean BMI was 26.11±2.48kg/m2, mean duratio

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Gebrekidan, Kahsu, Helen Hall, Virginia Plummer, and Ensieh Fooladi. "Exclusive breastfeeding continuation and associated factors among employed women in North Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0252445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252445.

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Background Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) can prevent up to 13% of under-five mortality in developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa the rate of EBF at six months remains very low at 36%. Different types of factors such as maternal, family and work-related factors are responsible for the low rate of EBF among employed women. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of EBF continuation and associated factors among employed women in North Ethiopia. Materials and methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two towns of Tigray region, North Ethiopia. Employed women who had

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Toney, Chris, and Matthew C. Reeves. "Equations to Convert Compacted Crown Ratio to Uncompacted Crown Ratio for Trees in the Interior West." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 2 (2009): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/24.2.76.

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Abstract Crown ratio is the proportion of total tree length supporting live foliage. Inventory programs of the US Forest Service generally define crown ratio in terms of compacted or uncompacted measurements. Measurement of compacted crown ratio (CCR) involves envisioning the transfer of lower branches of trees with asymmetric crowns to fill holes in the upper portion of the crown. Uncompacted crown ratio (UNCR) is measured without adjustment for holes in the crown and may be a more appropriate measurement when interest is on height to the first live branches in the crown. CCR is more commonly

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O'Connell, M. K., P. B. Lynch, and J. V. O'Doherty. "A comparison between feeding a single diet or phase feeding a series of diets, with either the same or reduced crude protein content, to growing finishing pigs." Animal Science 81, no. 2 (2005): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc50310297.

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Abstract A study was designed to determine if pig performance and lysine conversion ratio would be improved by phase feeding a series of diets with either the same, or with reduced overall mean crude protein (lysine) content, compared with providing a single diet throughout the growing-finishing period. Four hundred and forty-eight group-penned pigs (no. = 32 groups) were assigned at random to one of four treatments: single diet (SD: 11·1 g lysine per kg), high lysine (HL: 12·2, 11·6, 11·1, 10·5 and 10·0 g lysine per kg), medium lysine (ML: 11·1, 10·5, 10·0, 9·5 and 8·9 g lysine per kg) and lo

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Yang, Changsen, and Yu Li. "A new young type inequality involving Heinz mean." Filomat 34, no. 11 (2020): 3639–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2011639y.

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In this paper, we gave a new Young type inequality and the relevant Heinz mean inequality. Furthermore, we also improved some inequalities with Kantorovich constant or Specht?s ratio. Meanwhile, on the base of our scalars results, we obtain some new corresponding operator inequalities and matrix versions including Hilbert-Schmidt norm, unitarily invariant norm and related trace versions, which can be regarded as the application of our scalar results.

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Umer, Masood, Yaisr J. Sepah, Sharjeel Asif, Iqbal Azam, and Muhammad Umar Jawad. "Acetabular morphometry and prevalence of hip dysplasia in the South Asian population." Orthopedic Reviews 1, no. 1 (2009): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/or.2009.e10.

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We carried out a cross-sectional study to measure the association of the seven acetabular parameters with pelvic morphometry and prevalence of hip dysplasia in our population. Convenience sampling was carried out and 250 consecutive patients who came to AKUH for intravenous pyelogram and had no complaints in the region of the hip joint were enrolled in the study. Post-micturition standardized plain antero-posterior pelvic radiographs of 250 asymptomatic adults (500 hip joints) was studied. There were 136 males (54.4%) and 114 females (45.6%). Mean age of our study population was 38 years (15-7

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Bressmann, Tim, Robert Sader, Tara L. Whitehill, Shaheen N. Awan, Hans-Florian Zeilhofer, and Hans-Henning Horch. "Nasalance Distance and Ratio: Two New Measures." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 37, no. 3 (2000): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2000_037_0248_ndartn_2.3.co_2.

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Objectives Mean nasalance in speakers with perceptually normal nasal resonance can differ in magnitude considerably. In addition, categorizations of speech based on nasalance scores may not agree with perceptual judgments. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated two new simple measures derived from mean nasalance data: the nasalance distance (range between maximum and minimum nasalance) and the nasalance ratio (minimum nasalance divided by maximum nasalance). Setting Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Technology, Munich, Germany. Subjects The sample consisted of 133

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Ming, Liang, Zhiyun Jiang, Junfen Ma, Qian Wang, Fan Wu, and Jiedan Ping. "Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet indices in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis." Vasa 47, no. 2 (2018): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000683.

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Abstract. Background: Inflammation is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events and complete blood count (CBC) is an easily measured test. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of CBC relative parameters including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for patients with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Patients and methods: A total of 115 patients with unprovoked DVT of the lower extremities and 105 controls were recruited in this study. Blood samples

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Ben-Aharon, O., R. Magnezi, M. Leshno, and D. A. Goldstein. "PCN58 - MEDIAN SURVIVAL, MEAN SURVIVAL OR HAZARD RATIO: WHICH ENDPOINT IS THE MOST APPROPRIATE FOR PATIENTS, PHYSICIANS AND POLICY MAKERS?" Value in Health 21 (October 2018): S23—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.09.140.

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Snowdon, P. "A ratio estimator for bias correction in logarithmic regressions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 5 (1991): 720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-101.

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It is recommended that the proportional bias in logarithmic regressions be estimated from the ratio of the arithmetic sample mean and the mean of the back-transformed predicted values from the regression. Under the assumption of a lognormal distribution of errors, the conditions for application of this ratio estimator are optimal. A simulated sampling study has shown that this method gives more reliable results than the methods recommended by Baskerville (G.L. Baskerville. 1972. Can. J. For. Res. 2: 49–53) or that derived by Finney (D.J. Finney. 1941. J. R. Stat. Soc. 7(Suppl): 55–61). The new

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Jin, Xiaoling, and Zhilong Huang. "Random response of dielectric elastomer balloon to electrical or mechanical perturbation." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 2 (2016): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16649446.

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Random response of dielectric elastomer balloon disturbed by electrical or mechanical fluctuation is analytically investigated in this article. The stochastic differential equation governing the oscillating behavior around the stable equilibrium position is first derived by introducing the translation transformation. The stationary joint probability density about the disturbing stretch ratio and its rate of change is analytically established by adopting the stochastic averaging of energy envelope; the statistics quantities, such as the mean value and the standard deviation of the disturbing st

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BRAHIMI, M., B. I. LEVY, M. E. SAFAR, and H. DABIRÉ. "Factors determining cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive patients with or without peripheral vascular disease." Clinical Science 95, no. 3 (1998): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0950261.

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1.Coronary ischaemic disease and congestive heart failure are the principal causes of mortality in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Whether cardiac hypertrophy is present and even more pronounced in peripheral vascular disease than in other populations has never been explored. 2.Twenty-five hypertensive patients were investigated, 11 without and 14 with peripheral vascular disease, matched for age, sex, mean arterial pressure and antihypertensive drug treatment. Cardiac mass was determined using echocardiography together with measurement of systemic blood pressure, ratio between ankl

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Clancy, K. B., J. L. Elliot, and M. J. Person. "Charon/Pluto Light Ratio." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600017573.

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Prediction of the occultations of the stars P126 and P131.1 by Pluto on 2002 July 20 (UT) and August 21 (UT), respectively (Clancy et al. 2002, BAAS 34, 1212) involved astrometric data sets spanning more than three months that were acquired on several telescopes. Pluto’s position in each frame was determined relative to a UCAC astrometric reference network (Zacharias et al. 2000, AJ 120, 2131) with a dual-source point-spread function (PSF) model that was fit to the blended Pluto-Charon image. The relative position of Charon from Pluto was fixed in the PSF using values from the JPL Horizons eph

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Afzal, Mohammad, and M. F. K. Kiani. "Mean Ages at Parities: An Indirect Estimation." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4II (1995): 545–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iipp.545-561.

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This paper is the outcome of a continuous concern that some of the basic demographic estimates provided by successive surveys in the country do not fulfil the expectation of use at their face value. In a previous paper, an indirect assessment of the birth rates from these surveys was made on the basis of internal consistency of the relevant data. It was pointed out in that paper that a rate being a ratio of the two estimates (e.g., the number of births and the population), any variation of emphasis on obtaining accuracy of the numerator or denominator makes the rate unrealistic. For example, p

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Li, Jennifer S., A. Rebecca Snider, Hani Zreik, Brenda E. Armstrong, James W. NeSmith, and A. Resai Bengur. "Relation of left ventricular mass, volume and mass/volume ratio in children with aortic stenosis and/or insufficiency." Cardiology in the Young 5, no. 2 (1995): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100011653.

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AbstractTo determine if symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities relate to left ventricular mass, volume, and mass/volume ratio in children with aortic stenosis and/or insufficiency, we examined 42 patients (aged 11±6 years) with cross-sectional and Doppler echocardiography. Clinical symptoms included exertional chest pain, shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, congestive heart failure and syncope. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were defined as the presence of both left ventricular hypertrophy and ST-T wave changes. Left ventricular volumes and mass were measured from echocardi

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Ipach, Ingmar, Torsten Kluba, Petra Wolf, Bertram Pontz, and Falk Mittag. "The influence of ibandronate treatment on bone density and biochemical bone markers in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta." Orthopedic Reviews 4, no. 3 (2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/or.2012.e29.

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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by different signs including increased bone fragility, short stature, blue sclera, abnormal tooth growth and often secondary immobility. No curative therapy has been found for this rare disease up to now, and different pharmacological substances have been tried as treatment for severe forms of OI. Promising results were seen with intravenous bisphosphonates in the treatment of patients with OI. The aim of present study was to show the effect of intravenous ibandronate therapy on bone density and bone metabolism markers. We analyzed the data of 27 p

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Smith, Ian E., Geraldine Walsh, Anthony Skene, et al. "A Phase II Placebo-Controlled Trial of Neoadjuvant Anastrozole Alone or With Gefitinib in Early Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 25 (2007): 3816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.09.6578.

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Purpose Increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression may promote breast cancer resistance to endocrine therapy. We have therefore investigated whether neoadjuvant gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, might overcome biologic and clinical resistance to neoadjuvant anastrozole in a phase II placebo-controlled trial. Patients and Methods Postmenopausal women with stage I to IIIB hormone receptor–positive early breast cancer received anastrozole 1 mg daily for 16 weeks and were randomly assigned at a ratio of 2:5:5 to receive, in addition, gefitinib 250 mg/d orally for 16 weeks: placebo 1

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Brown, Timothy C., Kais Hamza, and Aihua Xia. "On the variance to mean ratio for random variables from Markov chains and point processes." Journal of Applied Probability 35, no. 02 (1998): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200014960.

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Criteria are determined for the variance to mean ratio to be greater than one (over-dispersed) or less than one (under-dispersed). This is done for random variables which are functions of a Markov chain in continuous time, and for the counts in a simple point process on the line. The criteria for the Markov chain are in terms of the infinitesimal generator and those for the point process in terms of the conditional intensity. Examples include a conjecture of Faddy (1994). The case of time-reversible point processes is particularly interesting, and here underdispersion is not possible. In parti

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Brown, Timothy C., Kais Hamza, and Aihua Xia. "On the variance to mean ratio for random variables from Markov chains and point processes." Journal of Applied Probability 35, no. 2 (1998): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1032192849.

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Criteria are determined for the variance to mean ratio to be greater than one (over-dispersed) or less than one (under-dispersed). This is done for random variables which are functions of a Markov chain in continuous time, and for the counts in a simple point process on the line. The criteria for the Markov chain are in terms of the infinitesimal generator and those for the point process in terms of the conditional intensity. Examples include a conjecture of Faddy (1994). The case of time-reversible point processes is particularly interesting, and here underdispersion is not possible. In parti

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Uller, Tobias, Beth Mott, Gaetano Odierna, and Mats Olsson. "Consistent sex ratio bias of individual female dragon lizards." Biology Letters 2, no. 4 (2006): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0526.

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Sex ratio evolution relies on genetic variation in either the phenotypic traits that influence sex ratios or sex-determining mechanisms. However, consistent variation among females in offspring sex ratio is rarely investigated. Here, we show that female painted dragons ( Ctenophorus pictus ) have highly repeatable sex ratios among clutches within years. A consistent effect of female identity could represent stable phenotypic differences among females or genetic variation in sex-determining mechanisms. Sex ratios were not correlated with female size, body condition or coloration. Furthermore, s

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