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Books on the topic 'Mean time between failure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

New York (State). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Office of the Inspector General. Calculating mean distance between failure: Do the Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Railroad follow comparable procedures? The Office, 1997.

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2

Rivadossi, Silvia. Sciamani urbani. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-414-1.

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What does it mean to be a ‘shaman’ in present-day Tokyo today? In what way(s) is the role of the shamanic practitioner represented at a popular level? Are certain characteristics emphasised and others downplayed? This book offers an answer to these questions through the analysis of a specific discourse on shamans that emerged in the Japanese metropolitan context between the late 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, a discourse that the more ‘traditional’ approaches to the study on shamanism do not take into account. In order to better contextualise this specific discourse, th

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3

Bey, Marquis. Cistem Failure. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478023036.

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In Cistem Failure Marquis Bey meditates on the antagonistic relationship between blackness and cisgender. Bey asks, What does it mean to have a gender that “matches” one’s sex---that is, to be cisgender---when decades of feminist theory have destroyed the belief that there is some natural way to be a sex? Moving from the The Powerpuff Girls to the greeting “How ya mama’n’em?” to their own gender identity, Bey finds that cisgender is too flat as a category to hold the myriad ways that people who may or may not have undergone gender-affirmative interventions depart from gender alignment. At the

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4

Buttar, Prit. Meat Grinder. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472851796.

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An engrossing history of the desperate battles for the Rzhev Salient, a forgotten story brought to life by the harrowing memoirs of German and Russian soldiers. The fighting between the German and Russian armies in the Rzhev Salient during World War II was so grisly, so murderous, and saw such vast losses that the troops called the campaign 'The Meat Grinder'. Though millions of men would fight and die there, the Rzhev Salient does not have the name recognition of Leningrad or Moscow. It has been largely ignored by Western historians – until now. In this book, Prit Buttar, a leading expert on

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5

Impossible Christianity: Why Following Jesus Does Not Mean You Have to Change the World, Be an Expert in Everything, Accept Spiritual Failure, and Feel Miserable Pretty Much All the Time. Crossway, 2023.

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6

Gaston, Kara. Reading Chaucer in Time. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852865.001.0001.

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Reading for form can mean reading for formation. Understanding processes through which a text was created can help us in characterizing its form. But what is involved in bringing a diachronic process to bear upon a synchronic work? When does literary formation begin and end? When does form happen? These questions emerge with urgency in the interactions between English poet Geoffrey Chaucer and Italian Trecento authors Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francis Petrarch. In fourteenth-century Italy, new ways were emerging of configuring the relation between author and reader. Previously,

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Wisman, Jon D. The Origins and Dynamics of Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197575949.001.0001.

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Whereas President Barack Obama identified inequality as “the defining challenge of our time,” this book claims more: it is the defining issue of all human history. The struggle over inequality has been the underlying force driving human history’s unfolding. Drawing on the dynamics of inequality, this book reinterprets history and society. Beyond according inequality the central role in human history, this book is novel in two other respects. First, transcending the general failure of social scientists and historians to anchor their work in explicit theories of human behavior, this book grounds

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Cassedy, Steven. What Do We Mean When We Talk about Meaning? Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936907.001.0001.

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This book explores the word meaning as it is used in such expressions as “the meaning of life,” “the search for meaning,” “ultimate meaning.” In many of the metaphysical contexts where we find the word meaning, it appears to mean “purpose,” “value,” “goal,” “direction,” and even “God.” The book answers the following questions: How did the English word meaning come to carry these various sub-senses, given that its original sense has to do with signifying? When did the notion of a “meaning of life” arise in English and other languages? How does the English word meaning, which is a verbal noun, d

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9

Wood, David. Deep Time, Dark Times. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823281367.001.0001.

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Deep Time, Dark Times takes its bearing from Nietzsche’s concern that a surfeit of history can extinguish the passion for life, especially when we are reminded of our capacity for cruelty and folly. The prospect of devastating climate change extends our sense of the past onto a geological scale, arousing debilitating passion, especially anger, ressentiment and resignation. What can Nietzsche teach us here? Hume’s sense that reason is but a slave to the passions cautions us against new utopian blueprints that fail to address the mood of today. Although climate change can rightly be laid at the

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de Faria Pereira, Mateus Henrique, and Valdei Lopes de Araujo. Updatism' and the Understanding of Time and History. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350410756.

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This book enables us to understand the current transformations in the experience of time that have been taking place in recent decades. Mateus Henrique de Faria Pereira and Valdei Lopes de Araujo convincingly argue that we live in a time of ‘Updatism’, the temporal dimension that emerges in those societies imprisoned by the structures of infinite expansion, and that this Updatism has profound consequences for how we think about the past, the present and the future. Using the theoretical works of Lyotard and Heidegger as its foundation, 'Updatism' and the Understanding of Time and History analy

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Stasi, Paul. Raymond Williams at 100. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2021. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881814687.

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Raymond Williams was “by common consent” one of the “two most commanding intellectual figures in the New Left that emerged in Britain at the turn of the sixties,” the other being Edward Thompson. Williams published in 1961 a text entitled “The Future of Marxism.” In that essay, Williams has some remarkable things to say about imperialism, the successes of actually existing socialism, balanced against its failures, and the continued relevance of socialism as the horizon of human liberation. He also makes a characteristic methodological point: “the relation between systems of thought and actual

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Logue, Heather. Perception First? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198716310.003.0009.

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Heather Logue, like Williamson, investigates an analogy—in her case, an analogy between knowledge and perception. This chapter asks if knowledge is unanalysable, might also perception be? After all, the history of attempts to analyse the perceptual relation have been subject to counterexamples in such as way as to broadly mirror the track record of the post-Gettier literature. To the extent that the failure of the post-Gettier project motivates a knowledge-first approach, it is natural to wonder whether an analogous sort of failure to analyse (in a fashion that avoids counterexamples) the perc

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Schulthies, Becky L. Channeling Moroccanness. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823289714.001.0001.

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What does it mean to connect as Moroccans via mass media when there is widespread feeling of communicative failure? This book approaches the question by exploring situated talk about communicative failure, which speaks to how Moroccans seek to shape social and political relations in urban Fez. Over the last decade, laments of language and media failure in Fez have focused on communicative channels and were not just about social relations that used to be and had been lost, but also what ought to be and had yet to be realized. These channels, or mediums that connected people, ranged from objects

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Carroll, Eileen, and Karl Mackie. The Mediator's Tale. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781526515865.

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Written to celebrate the 30th anniversary of CEDR’s emergence as the world’s leading independent disputes consultancy, The Mediator’s Tale: The CEDR Story of Better Conflicts captures the experience of two leading internationally renowned mediators – and married couple – Eileen Carroll and Karl Mackie. Sharing their personal and professional insights into how we can achieve better conflict management in our professional and personal lives, they highlight key insights into how mediation delivers results, and lessons for conflicts generally. The book: Tells the story of how a young lawyer and a

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Dua, Jatin. A Sea of Profit. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813415.003.0008.

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From 2007-2012, the waters off the coast of Somalia saw an unprecedented upsurge in incidents of maritime piracy with over 150 ships and 3,000 crewmembers being held hostage. Understood as a legacy of state failure and criminality, maritime piracy has largely been seen as a law and order problem. This chapter reframes piracy outside a narrative of failure— of governance, of states, and of other international institutions. By emphasizing the centrality of capture—and notions of bounty, payment, and redistribution nested within it—this chapter illuminates shifts in relationships of property and

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Busuioc, Aristita, and Alexandru Dumitrescu. Empirical-Statistical Downscaling: Nonlinear Statistical Downscaling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.770.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Please check back later for the full article.The concept of statistical downscaling or empirical-statistical downscaling became a distinct and important scientific approach in climate science in recent decades, when the climate change issue and assessment of climate change impact on various social and natural systems have become international challenges. Global climate models are the best tools for estimating future climate conditions. Even if improvements can be made in state-of-the art

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17

Muders, Thomas, and Christian Putensen. Pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0096.

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Beside reduction in tidal volume limiting peak airway pressure minimizes the risk for ventilator-associated-lung-injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pressure-controlled, time-cycled ventilation (PCV) enables the physician to keep airway pressures under strict limits by presetting inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and cycle times. PCV results in a square-waved airway pressure and a decelerating inspiratory gas flow holding the alveoli inflated for the preset time. Preset pressures and cycle times, and respiratory system mechanics affect alveolar and intrinsic positi

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18

Chowdhury Fink, Naureen, and Alison Davidian. Complementarity and Convergence? Edited by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.013.13.

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This chapter analyses the gender dimension of terrorism and counterterrorism efforts. It explores women’s roles as both supporters and preventers of terrorism. It tracks the increasing incorporation of gender in the counterterrorism strategy of the United Nations and the growing focus on the intersections between the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) and countering terrorism agendas. The chapter suggests that the WPS Agenda and the countering violent extremism program are convergent and complementary. At the same time, counterterrorism measures have had gendered collateral effects and continue

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Ferreira, Marco, Adelmo Bertoldey, and Scott Holan. Bayesian modelling of train door reliability. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.11.

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This article discusses the results of a study in Bayesian reliability analysis concerning train door failures in a European underground system over a period of nine years. It examines failure data from forty underground trains, which were delivered to an European transportation company between November 1989 and March 1991. All of the trains were put in service from 20 March 1990 to 20 July 1992. Failure monitoring ended on 31 December 1998. The goal of the study was to find models able to assess the failure history and to predict the number of failures in future time intervals in order to help

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20

Richardson, Henry. Objectivity and Path-dependence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190247744.003.0011.

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The possibility of new moral norms being introduced in the course of history implies differences in the moral truths between different time periods and different possible futures. This chapter argues that these implications do not undercut the objectivity of morality, which implies the existence of a shared framework for reasonably working out differences. Mind-dependence, as such, is not inimical to objectivity; and the possibility of substantively different moral futures raises no issue of objectivity because the issue of resolving disagreements cannot arise between denizens of alternative p

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21

Grint, Keith. A Cartography of Resistance. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198921752.001.0001.

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Abstract Resistance is universal, but why does it occur, and fail or succeed? Resistance is often regarded as a problem to be overcome because it is regarded as short-sighted or self-interested, but this book suggests that resistance is not necessarily right or wrong, it just is. From resistance to the Roman Empire to resistance to slavery, the Nazis, racism, the state, capitalism, patriarchy, and imperialism, this book ranges across time and place to explain the success or failure of resistance. While many contemporary approaches focus on leadership as the explanatory variable, this book expa

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22

Ortiz, Julian Arias, Raphaël Favory, and Jean-Louis Vincent. Infection, sepsis, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0072.

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Sepsis is the main cause of multiple organ failure and remains a concern because of the associated high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, important advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis. Sepsis and septic shock are the end result of complex interactions between infecting organisms and various elements of the host response. A key feature of the common sequence of organ failure is dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, including microcirculatory elements. Outcome improvement in sepsis is based on recognizing the process early and instituting eff

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Favory, Raphaël, and Jean-Louis Vincent. Infection, sepsis, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0072_update_001.

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Sepsis is the main cause of multiple organ failure and remains a concern because of the associated high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, important advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis. Sepsis and septic shock are the end result of complex interactions between infecting organisms and various elements of the host response. A key feature of the common sequence of organ failure is dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, including microcirculatory elements. Outcome improvement in sepsis is based on recognizing the process early and instituting eff

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Favory, Raphaël, and Jean-Louis Vincent. Infection, sepsis, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0072_update_002.

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Sepsis is the main cause of multiple organ failure and remains a concern because of the associated high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, important advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis. Sepsis and septic shock are the end result of complex interactions between infecting organisms and various elements of the host response. A key feature of the common sequence of organ failure is dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, including microcirculatory elements. Outcome improvement in sepsis is based on recognizing the process early and instituting eff

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Favory, Raphaël, and Jean-Louis Vincent. Infection, sepsis, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0072_update_003.

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Sepsis is the main cause of multiple organ failure and remains a concern because of the associated high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, important advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis. Sepsis and septic shock are the end result of complex interactions between infecting organisms and various elements of the host response. A key feature of the common sequence of organ failure is dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, including microcirculatory elements. Outcome improvement in sepsis is based on recognizing the process early and instituting eff

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26

Mullen, Mary L. Novel Institutions. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474453240.001.0001.

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Novel Institutions rethinks the politics of institutions by reinterpreting the most institutional of literary forms: nineteenth-century British realism. Although realist novels, like institutions, mediate social life through a set of formal conventions and informal expectations, they also offer strategies for more capacious political imagining through their prevalent anachronisms. These anachronisms—untimely chronologies, obsolete practices, and out-of-date characters—unsettle the shared time of institutions and the consensus it fosters. Paying unprecedented attention to Irish novels, this boo

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Gosseries, Axel. Intergenerational Justice. Edited by Hugh LaFollette. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199284238.003.0019.

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The first debate in this article has to do with the very possibility of intergenerational justice beyond our obligations towards members of other generations while they coexist with us. Here, we ask ourselves whether we owe anything to people who either have died already, or are not yet born. Differences in temporal location mean that people may not exist at the same time — be it only during part of their life — which raises special ethical challenges. It is one thing to decide whether we owe anything to the next generation(s). It is another to define what we owe them. Most standard theories o

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Sykes, Jim. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912024.003.0001.

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The introduction to The Musical Gift discusses problems (for music studies and the world at large) with assuming there is an inherent connection between music, the self, expression, and identity. The chapter argues that while many scholars have noted the historical emergence of these links in European modernity, there is a tendency in scholarly research and public culture to subordinate “ontologies of the otherwise” to European-derived notions of the link between music and identity. The author argues that while music scholars have spent much time questioning what music is, the same energy has

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Tyler, Kate. Ecclesiology of Thomas F. Torrance. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978720572.

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This book provides a constructive analysis of Thomas F. Torrance’s ecclesiology. Holding the doctrine of the Trinity to be the “ground and grammar of theology,” Torrance viewed the doctrine of the Trinity as foundational for all ecclesiological reflection: What does it mean to be the people of the God whom Christians name as Father, Son, and Spirit? Tyler examines Torrance’s development of the rich potential of the metaphor koinonia, involving both a vertical dimension––the Church’s union with Christ through the Spirit––and a horizontal dimension––its visible existence in human history, lived

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Nelson, Jacob L. Imagined Audiences. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197542590.001.0001.

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The news industry faces profound financial instability and public distrust. Many believe the solution to these ongoing crises is for journalists to improve their relationship with their audiences. This raises important questions: How do journalists conceptualize their audiences in the first place? What is the connection between what journalists think about their audiences and what they do to reach them? Perhaps most important, how aligned are these “imagined” audiences with the real ones? Imagined Audiences draws on ethnographic case studies of three news organizations to show how journalists’

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Berner, Robert A. The Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195173338.001.0001.

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The term "carbon cycle" is normally thought to mean those processes that govern the present-day transfer of carbon between life, the atmosphere, and the oceans. This book describes another carbon cycle, one which operates over millions of years and involves the transfer of carbon between rocks and the combination of life, the atmosphere, and the oceans. The weathering of silicate and carbonate rocks and ancient sedimentary organic matter (including recent, large-scale human-induced burning of fossil fuels), the burial of organic matter and carbonate minerals in sediments, and volcanic degassin

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Thiessen, Joel, and Sarah Wilkins-Laflamme. None of the Above. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479817399.001.0001.

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This book examines the nearly one-quarter of American and Canadian adults who say they have no religion. Who are they? Why, and where, has this population grown? How do religious nones in the United States and Canada compare? What are the dynamics of being a religious none in contemporary America and Canada, and how does this willful distance from organized religion impact other aspects of daily and social life? This book turns to survey and interview data to answer these questions against the backdrop of three theoretical frameworks in the sociology of religion: stages of decline, individuali

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Monsutti, Alessandro. Afterword. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294134.003.0013.

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Building on the case of the Hazaras, this afterword addresses some transversal themes to the whole edited volume. Articulated around the evocation of past injustices and protests against exploitation, Shiism has been the main language of political mobilization among the Hazaras in the last decades. It has been both a tool of resistance against central power in Kabul and of domination within Hazarajat. This process is only one example showing how multiple has been Islam across time and space. Sufism, state-sponsored Shari‘a courts, transnational circulation of knowledge and networks of activist

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Risse, Guenter B. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039843.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter lays out the major themes and context that will supplement discussion in the succeeding chapters. It considers the implications of the linkages between health and politics and what they might mean for America's present and future. At the same time the chapter also turns toward the past, to San Francisco's early public health initiatives, in order to illuminate ideologies and agencies concerned with human disease, public health, and medical practice. The chapter then launches into a broader discussion on emotions and sentiment—particularly of aversive emotions such as

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Pouillaude, Frédéric. Writing That Says Nothing. Translated by Anna Pakes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199314645.003.0009.

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This chapter looks at non-verbal and ideogrammatic inscriptions of movement, examining different choreographic notation systems and their relative failure to withstand the passage of time. It contends that the failure of dance notation is no mere historical accident, but the result of a fundamental conceptual tension. And rather than claiming that the supposed link between dance and presence nullifies every attempt at graphic inscription, this chapter argues that the difficulty consists in a more profound tension internal to the notational project. What remains to be shown is how the imperativ

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Hannon, Breffni. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0009.

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The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) consists of eight common symptoms presented as visual analog scales ranging from 0 to 100mm. Patients score the ESAS independently where possible; the scores are summed to form an overall distress score and graphed to create a longitudinal visual representation of symptom burden. This study describes the use of the ESAS for patients with advanced cancer (n = 101) admitted to a palliative care unit in Edmonton, Canada. The ESAS was completed twice daily. In 84% of cases, patients completed the ESAS independently initially; 83% ultimately required nu

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Nothaft, C. Philipp E. The Ecclesiastical Lunar Calendar and Its Critics, 300–1100. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799559.003.0003.

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This chapter begins with a succinct account of the development of lunar cycles for the purpose of Easter reckoning in late antiquity and the controversies these cycles generated up to the end of the eighth century, most notably in Britain and Ireland. After a look at the politics and arguments behind these controversies, the discussion turns towards the gradual emergence of a standardized ecclesiastical calendar during the early medieval period. While this calendar was still being constructed, the astronomical handicaps of the underlying 19-year cycle had already started to cause discrepancies

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Moses, Julia. Social Policy, Welfare, and Social Identities, 1900–1950. Edited by Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.19.

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The first half of the twentieth century witnessed the dramatic emergence of modern welfare states across Europe. Why did this transformation take form? Was this process uniform across Europe? And what did it mean for relations between individuals and states? This chapter suggests that European social policies in the early twentieth century were characterized by an emphasis on integration and community. This perspective chimed with widespread utopian aspirations for social improvement voiced across the political spectrum and across the Continent. Nonetheless, the relative emphasis on integratio

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Stephens, Bradley. The Novel and the (Il)legibility of History. Edited by Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.5.

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The primacy of history as an educational in France and Germany kindled a taste for literary modes that could accommodate ever-changing social experience by reflecting the spirit of both the time and place in which events unfold, recalling Germaine de Staël’s ideas fromDe la littérature(1799). Crucially, the abyss which Hugo thought the Revolution opened up between present and past raised specific problems for the ambitions of the historical novel in France. How were writers to capture the vast interplay of different ideologies and discourses that had been energized by 1789, and how was meaning

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Arase, David. Foreign Aid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.181.

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As a policy tool, aid has not been confined to the roles that foreign and economic policy theorists have prescribed for it. Foreign aid attracts controversy because it structures how global poverty will be addressed. Aid’s proponents believe that it can eradicate absolute poverty and close the income gap between rich and poor countries, but its critics believe it holds out only false hope and obscures the real nature of the problem. The unrequited transfer of wealth from a weak nation to a stronger one is an ancient tradition, but the notion that it would be powerful nations transferring wealt

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Miller, Bob. The Volleyball Handbook. Human Kinetics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718219359.

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In volleyball, the little things often mean the difference between being good and being great. But bridging the gap between the two requires the patience, persistence, and insight that come with experience. The Volleyball Handbook provides access to that experience through the knowledge and teachings of one of volleyball’s foremost experts in both boys’ and girls’ play. In this practical guide, veteran coach Bob Miller goes beyond the fundamentals to give you a grasp on the finer points of the sport that are essential to winning championships. Filled with practical, nuts-and-bolts information,

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Gates, Jr, Henry Louis. Reconsidering Race. Edited by Kazuko Suzuki and Diego A. Von Vacano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465285.001.0001.

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Race is one of the most elusive phenomena of social life. While we generally know it when we see it, it's not an easy concept to define. Social science literature has argued that race is a Western, sociopolitical concept that emerged with the birth of modern imperialism, whether in the sixteenth century (the Age of Discovery) or the eighteenth century (the Age of Enlightenment). This book points out that there is a disjuncture between the way race is conceptualized in the social science and medical literature: some of the modern sciences employ racial and ethnic categories. As such, race has a

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Chen, Q. Cece, and Shengping Zou. Postoperative Pain Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0016.

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Postoperative pain management is an important aspect of caring for a surgical patient as inadequate pain control can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Failure to effectively control postoperative pain is often due to poor communication and poorly coordinated care between the care teams, poor communication with the patient, insufficient education, unrealistic expectations, fear of complications from the pain regimen, inaccurate pain assessment, and limited effective pain treatment modalities. An effective pain management can therefore lead to improved patient comfort, satisf

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Popescu, Bogdan A., Shantanu P. Sengupta, Niloufar Samiei, and Anca D. Mateescu. Heart valve disease (mitral valve disease): mitral stenosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0035.

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The most common cause of mitral stenosis (MS) is rheumatic fever followed by degenerative MS. Echocardiography is the key method to diagnose and evaluate MS. Echocardiographic findings are closely related to aetiology. In rheumatic disease echocardiography shows thickening of leaflet tips with restricted opening caused by commissural fusion resulting in ‘doming’ of the mitral valve in diastole. Quantitation of MS severity includes measuring mitral valve area (MVA) by planimetry (anatomical area, by two-/three-dimensional echo), or by the pressure half-time (PHT) method (functional area, by Dop

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Escudier, Marcel. Turbulent flow. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0018.

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In this chapter the principal characteristics of a turbulent flow are outlined and the way that Reynolds’ time-averaging procedure, applied to the Navier-Stokes equations, leads to a set of equations (RANS) similar to those governing laminar flow but including additional terms which arise from correlations between fluctuating velocity components and velocity-pressure correlations. The complex nature of turbulent motion has led to an empirical methodology based upon the RANS and turbulence-transport equations in which the correlations are modelled. An important aspect of turbulent flows is the

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Wahnich, Sophie. French Revolution in Theory. Lexington Books, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881816179.

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It is time to re-examine the French Revolution as a political resource. The historiography has so far ignored the question of popular sovereignty and emancipation; instead the Revolution has been vilified as a matrix of totalitarianisms by the liberals and as an ethnocentric phenomenon by postcolonial studies. This book examines why. More so than historians, it is philosophers that have played the leading role in the portrayal of this major event in French political history. The philosophical quarrels of the 1960s placed the French Revolution at the heart of their debates. The most well-docume

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Lambert, Simon M. Instability. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.004007.

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♦ The fundamental principle or essence of the shoulder is concavity compression. Stability of the shoulder is the condition in which a balanced centralizing joint reaction force (CJRF) exists to maintain concavity compression of the glenohumeral joint whatever the position of the limb and hand.♦ Instability is a symptom. It can be defined as the condition of symptomatic abnormal motion of the joint. It refers to a perturbation of concavity compression. It is not a diagnosis.♦ Instability is the result of perturbations of structural factors and non-structural factors.♦ The clinical syndrome of

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Christoforidis, Michael. Premiere and Revival. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195384567.003.0002.

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Carmen’s 1875 premiere at the Opéra-Comique was an unauspicious launch for a work that became Bizet’s most famous opera. Its controversial subject, Célestine Galli-Marié’s realist performance of the eponymous heroine, and surrounding politics all contributed to the work’s initial failure. Despite this, Carmen quickly became established in theaters around the world, leading to a triumphant revival when Galli-Marié finally returned to the role in Paris in 1883. This chapter examines connections between the opera’s changing fortunes in Paris and a range of issues related to Spain. It explores how

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Hameed, Saji N. The Indian Ocean Dipole. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.619.

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Discovered at the very end of the 20th century, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a mode of natural climate variability that arises out of coupled ocean–atmosphere interaction in the Indian Ocean. It is associated with some of the largest changes of ocean–atmosphere state over the equatorial Indian Ocean on interannual time scales. IOD variability is prominent during the boreal summer and fall seasons, with its maximum intensity developing at the end of the boreal-fall season. Between the peaks of its negative and positive phases, IOD manifests a markedly zonal see-saw in anomalous sea surface

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Kulick, Brian. Staging Shakespeare. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350201064.

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This book begins with a phone call. You answer it and learn that you got the job. Several months from now you’re going to stage a Shakespeare play. Now … what do you do? I mean, what do you do after that initial burst of adrenaline has passed through your body and you realize you haven’t a clue as to what the play is really about, or what you might want to do with it? How exactly do you prepare for such an equally wonderful and daunting task? This is the central question of this book. It grows out of decades of preparing for Shakespeare productions and watching others do the same. It will save

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