Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mean value engine models

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Mean value engine models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mean value engine models"

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Hendricks, Elbert. "Isothermal vs. Adiabatic Mean Value SI Engine Models." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 34, no. 1 (March 2001): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)34424-5.

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HONG, Munan. "On-board Torque Estimation Base on Mean Value SI Engine Models." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 45, no. 04 (2009): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2009.04.290.

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Dickinson, Paul, Dariusz Cieslar, Keith Glover, Nick Collings, Yukio Yamashita, Yusuke Yashiro, and Toru Hoshi. "On-Engine Validation of Mean Value Models for IC Engine Air-Path Control and Evaluation." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 47, no. 3 (2014): 2987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01984.

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Zhang, Sheng Kai, Ren Yun Sun, Hao Ming Yan, and Ke Ren Wang. "Optimization Calibration of Engine Ignition Advance Angle Based on Engine Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.446.

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Based on the mean-value theorem of the engine, the mathematical models can be created for the four-stoke-cycle-CNG engine, style of YN30QNE. Furthermore, while the mean-value models set the basis for the external loading resistance model controller, the adjust-dimention-burning engine models give birth to the models, as well as the MAP figures, of the engines controlling of the advance angle of ignition. Finally what the tests show us are as follows. Firstly the advance angle of ignition does the same, as the rotating velocity increases, and on the condition of the same rotating velocity, the best suited advanced angle of ignition decreases reversely with the growing loading resistance of the engine. Secondly it not only brings us the rarely precise original MAP figures of the advance angle of ignition, but also shortens the development cycle. Lastly, in the process of the calibration, optimal functions are used to conduct the PID optimal designing for the external loading resistance controller, which makes the system converge faster, improves the efficiency of the calibration as well as optimizes the results of the calibration.
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Tian, Zhe, Xin Ping Yan, and Ye Ping Xiong. "Turbocharged Two-Stroke Diesel Engine of Large Vessels Modeling and Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 235 (November 2012): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.235.233.

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In this article, according to the work principle of turbocharged two-stroke diesel engine, the characteristic of volume method model is referenced to package the diesel engine and the packaged model is calculated. According to the Matlab/Simulink software platform, the model will be combined to form a full mean value engine model and join speed controller to control diesel engine speed. The variation of diesel engine’s various performance parameter and the dynamic characteristics based on the speed control law will be observed, which means reaching better purpose of using diesel engine. In the process of mean value engine model design, joining a scavenging coefficient and improving the excess air ratio will increase simulation precision. By means of the correlation analysis, the diesel engine models complying with the control requirements can be determined.
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Wu, Y.-Y., B.-C. Chen, and F.-C. Hsieh. "Modulization of four-stroke single-cylinder spark-ignition air-cooled engine models." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto184.

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In order to satisfy different requirements for engine design and real-time simulation, modulization technology is used in this paper to establish the engine model for small-scale engines. The model consists of simple and complex modules of charging, torque, friction, and crankshaft dynamics, which are established in Matlab/Simulink and verified using the experimental data. Different sets of these modules can be selected for various applications. For engine design, a complex model, which consists of the wave-action charging module and the mean-value combustion module, is employed to study the effects of inlet and exhaust systems on torque output performance. For real-time simulation, different levels of complexity can be selected according to the hardware-in-the-loop requirement of the control verification.
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Katrašnik, Tomaž. "Transient Momentum Balance—A Method for Improving the Performance of Mean-Value Engine Plant Models." Energies 6, no. 6 (June 14, 2013): 2892–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en6062892.

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Gangopadhyay, Anupam, and Peter Meckl. "Modeling and Validation of a Lean Burn Natural Gas Engine." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 3 (May 19, 1998): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1386790.

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In this paper, a control-oriented model of a medium-duty throttle-body natural gas engine is developed. The natural gas engine uses lean-burn technology without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The dynamic engine model differs from models of gasoline engines by including the natural gas fuel dynamics in the intake manifold. The model is based on a mean value concept and has three state variables: intake manifold pressure, fuel fraction in the intake manifold and the engine rotational speed. The resulting model has been validated in steady-state and transient operation over the usual operating range of the engine between 800 rpm and 2600 rpm with air/fuel ratios ranging between 18.0 and 24.0.
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Guardiola, Carlos, Benjamin Pla, David Blanco-Rodriguez, and Pierre Olivier Calendini. "ECU-oriented models for NOx prediction. Part 1: a mean value engine model for NOx prediction." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 229, no. 8 (November 14, 2014): 992–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407014550191.

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Tian, Fengjun, Yang Yang, Zhenxing Mao, and Wenyue Tang. "Forecasting daily attraction demand using big data from search engines and social media." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 33, no. 6 (May 18, 2021): 1950–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2020-0631.

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Purpose This paper aims to compare the forecasting performance of different models with and without big data predictors from search engines and social media. Design/methodology/approach Using daily tourist arrival data to Mount Longhu, China in 2018 and 2019, the authors estimated ARMA, ARMAX, Markov-switching auto-regression (MSAR), lasso model, elastic net model and post-lasso and post-elastic net models to conduct one- to seven-days-ahead forecasting. Search engine data and social media data from WeChat, Douyin and Weibo were incorporated to improve forecasting accuracy. Findings Results show that search engine data can substantially reduce forecasting error, whereas social media data has very limited value. Compared to the ARMAX/MSAR model without big data predictors, the corresponding post-lasso model reduced forecasting error by 39.29% based on mean square percentage error, 33.95% based on root mean square percentage error, 46.96% based on root mean squared error and 45.67% based on mean absolute scaled error. Practical implications Results highlight the importance of incorporating big data predictors into daily demand forecasting for tourism attractions. Originality/value This study represents a pioneering attempt to apply the regularized regression (e.g. lasso model and elastic net) in tourism forecasting and to explore various daily big data indicators across platforms as predictors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mean value engine models"

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Kristoffersson, Ida. "Model Predictive Control of a Turbocharged Engine." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-107508.

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Engine control becomes increasingly important in newer cars. It is therefore interesting to investigate if a relatively new control method as Model Predictive Control (MPC) can be useful in engine control in the future. One of the advantages of MPC is that it can handle contraints explicitly. In this thesis basics on turbocharged engines and the underlying theory of MPC is presented. Based on a nonlinear mean value engine model, linearized at multiple operating points, we then implement both a linear and a nonlinearMPC strategy and highlight implementation issues. The implemented MPC controllers calculate optimal wastegate position in order to track a requested torque curve and still make sure that the constraints on turbocharger speed and minimum and maximum opening of the wastegate are fulfilled.
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Montell, Otto. "Advanced concepts in Modelica and their implementation in VehProLib." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2348.

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VehProLib is one of many libraries being developed for the object oriented multi-domain language Modelica. The layout and the current status of the library are shown. The aims of the library are to provide the user with a number of different components with different levels of complexity. The components included range from mean value engine components to in-cylinder models. An efficient way to handle parameters using records is provided. Different bus systems are implemented and discussed. Furthermore are replaceable fluid models introduced in the library. It will be shown that Modelica is a very efficient way to create an advanced modelling library.

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Ritzén, Jesper. "Modelling and Fixed Step Simulation of a Turbo Charged Diesel Engine." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1724.

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Having an engine model that is accurate but not too complicated is desirable when working with on-board diagnosis or engine control. In this thesis a four state mean value model is introduced. To make the model usable in an on-line automotive application it is discrete and simulated with a fixed step size solver. Modelling is done with simplicity as main object. Some simple static models are also presented.

To validate the model measuring is carried out in a Scania R124LB truck with a 12 liter six-cylinder turbo charged diesel engine. In general, for this relatively simple model, the mean errors must be considered low. The inlet manifold pressure mean error during highway driving is 3.4\%.

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Swartling, Fredrik. "Gas flow observer for Diesel Engines with EGR." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2943.

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Due to stricter emission legislation, there is a need for more efficient control of diesel engines with exhaust gas recirculation(EGR). In particular, it is important to estimate the air/fuel ratio accurately in transients. Therefore a new engine gas flow model has been developed. This model divides the gas into one part for oxygen and one part for inert gases. Based on this model an observer has been designed to estimate the oxygen concentration in the gas going into the engine, which can be used to calculate the air/fuel ratio. This observer can also be used to estimate the intake manifold pressure. The advantage of estimating the pressure, instead of low pass filtering the noisy signal, is that the observer does not cause time delay.

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Cieslar, Dariusz. "Control for transient response of turbocharged engines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244951.

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The concepts of engine downsizing and down-speeding offer reductions in CO2 emissions from passenger cars. These reductions are achieved by reducing pumping and friction losses at part-load operation. Conventionally, rated torque and power for downsized units are recovered by means of turbocharging. The transient response of such engines is, however, affected by the static and dynamic characteristics of the turbo-machinery. Recent advances in engine simulation and control tools have been employed for the purpose of the research reported in this thesis to identify and verify possible air-path enhancements. A systematic method for evaluating various turbocharger assistance concepts is proposed and discussed in this thesis. To ensure a fair comparison of selected candidate systems, an easily reconfigurable controller providing a close-to-optimal operation, while satisfying physical limits, is formulated. This controller is based on the Model Predictive Control framework and uses a linearised mean value model to optimise the predicted behaviour of the engine. Initially, the controller was applied to a 1D simulation model of a conventional light-duty Diesel engine, for which the desired closed-loop features were verified. This procedure was subsequently applied to various air-path enhancement systems. In this thesis, a turbocharger electric assistance and various concepts based on compressed gas injection were considered. The capability of these systems to improve engine response during third gear tip-in manoeuvre was quantified. This investigation was also complemented with a parametric study of how effectively each of the considered methods used its available resources. As a result, injecting compressed gas into the exhaust manifold was identified as an effective method, which to date has attracted limited attention from engine research community. The effectiveness of the exhaust manifold assistance was experimentally verified on a light-duty Diesel engine. The sensitivity of the improvements to compressed gas supply parameters was also investigated. This led to the development of the BREES system: a low component count, compressed gas based system for reducing turbo-lag. It was shown that during braking manoeuvres a tank can be charged to the level sufficient for a subsequent boost assistance event. Such a functionality was implemented with a very limited set of additional components and only minor changes to the standard engine control.
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Schaal, Peter. "Observer-based engine air charge characterisation : rapid, observer-assisted engine air charge characterisation using a dynamic dual-ramp testing method." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33247.

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Characterisation of modern complex powertrains is a time consuming and expensive process. Little effort has been made to improve the efficiency of testing methodologies used to obtain data for this purpose. Steady-state engine testing is still regarded as the golden standard, where approximately 90% of testing time is wasted waiting for the engine to stabilize. Rapid dynamic engine testing, as a replacement for the conventional steady-state method, has the potential to significantly reduce the time required for characterisation. However, even by using state of the art measurement equipment, dynamic engine testing introduces the problem that certain variables are not directly measurable due to the excitation of the system dynamics. Consequently, it is necessary to develop methods that allow the observation of not directly measurable quantities during transient engine testing. Engine testing for the characterisation of the engine air-path is specifically affected by this problem since the air mass flow entering the cylinder is not directly measurable by any sensor during transient operation. This dissertation presents a comprehensive methodology for engine air charge characterisation using dynamic test data. An observer is developed, which allows observation of the actual air mass flow into the engine during transient operation. The observer is integrated into a dual-ramp testing procedure, which allows the elimination of unaccounted dynamic effects by averaging over the resulting hysteresis. A simulation study on a 1-D gas dynamic engine model investigates the accuracy of the developed methodology. The simulation results show a trade-off between time saving and accuracy. Experimental test result confirm a time saving of 95% compared to conventional steady-state testing and at least 65% compared to quasi steady-state testing while maintaining the accuracy and repeatability of conventional steady-state testing.
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El, Hadef Jamil. "Approche quasi-systématique du contrôle de la chaîne d’air des moteurs suralimentés, basée sur la commande prédictive non linéaire explicite." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2002/document.

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Les centaines de millions de véhicules du parc automobile mondial nous rappellent à quel point notre société dépend du moteur à combustion interne. Malgré des progrès significatifs en termes d’émissions polluantes et de consommation, les moteurs à essence et diesel demeurent l’une des principales sources de pollution de l’air des centres urbains modernes. Ce constat motive les autorités à renforcer les normes anti-pollution, qui tendent à complexifier la définition technique des moteurs. En particulier, un nombre croissant d’actionneurs fait aujourd’hui, du contrôle de la chaîne d’air, un challenge majeur. Dans un marché de plus en plus mondialisé et où le temps de développement de moteurs se doit d’être de plus en plus court, ces travaux entendent proposer une solution aux problèmes liés à cette augmentation de la complexité. La proposition repose sur une approche en trois étapes et combine : modélisation physique du moteur, contrôle prédictif non linéaire et programmation multiparamétrique. Le cas du contrôle de la chaîne d’air d’un moteur à essence suralimenté sert de fil conducteur au document. Dans son ensemble, les développements présentés ici fournissent une approche quasi-systématique pour la synthèse du contrôle de la chaîne des moteurs à essence suralimentés. Intuitivement, le raisonnement doit pouvoir être étendu à d’autres boucles de contrôle et au cas des moteurs diesel
The hundreds of millions of passenger cars and other vehicles on our roads emphasize our society’s reliance on internal combustion engines. Despite striking progress in terms of pollutant emissions and fuel consumption, gasoline and diesel engines remain one of the most important sources of air pollution in modern urban areas. This leads the authorities to lay down increasingly drastic pollutant emission standards, which entail ever more complex engine technical definitions. In particular, due to an increasing number of actuators in the past few years, the air path of internal combustion engines represents one of the biggest challenges of engine control design. The present thesis addresses this issue of increasing engine complexity with respect to the continuous reduction in development time, dictated by a more and more competitive globalized market. The proposal consists in a three-step approach that combines physics-based engine modeling, nonlinear model predictive control and multi-parametric nonlinear programming. The latter leads to an explicit piecewise affine feedback control law, compatible with a real-time implementation. The proposed approach is applied to the particular case of the control of the air path of a turbocharged gasoline engine. Overall, the developments presented in this thesis provide a quasi-systematic approach for the synthesis of the control of the air path of turbocharged gasoline engines. Intuitively, this approach can be extended to other control loops in both gasoline and diesel engines
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Brischetto, Mathias. "Improved Functionality for Driveability During Gear-Shift : A Predictive Model for Boost Pressure Drop." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123424.

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Automated gear-shifts are critical procedures for the driveline as they are demanded to work as fast and accurate as possible. The torque control of a driveline is especially important for the driver’s feeling of driveability. In the case of gear-shifts and torque control in general, the boost pressure is key to achieve good response and thereby a fast gear-shift. An experimental study is carried out to investigate the phenomena of boost pressure drop during gear-shift and gather data for the modelling work. Results confirm the stated fact on the influence of boost pressure drop on gear-shift completion time and also indicate a clear linear dependence between initial boost pressure and the following pressure drop. A dynamic predictive model of the engine is developed with focus on implementation in a heavy duty truck, considering limitations computational complexity and calibration need between truck configurations. The resulting approach is based on a mean value modelling scheme that uses engine control system parameters and functions when possible. To be able to be predictive, a model for demanded torque and engine speed during the gear-shift is developed as reference inputs to the simulation. The simulation is based on a filling and emptying process throughout the engine dynamics, and yields final values of several engine variables such as boost pressure. The model is validated and later evaluated in comparison to measurements gathered in test vehicle experiments and in terms of robustness to input and model deviations. Computer simulations yield estimations of the boost pressure drop within acceptable limits. Consid- ering estimations used prior to this thesis the performance is good. Input deviations and modelling inaccuracies are found to inflict significant but not devastating deviations to the model output, possibly more over time with ageing of hardware taken into account. Final implementation in a heavy duty truck ecu is carried out with results indicating that the current implementation of the module is relatively computationally heavy. At the time of ending the thesis it is not possible to analyse its performance further, and it is suggested that the module is optimized in terms of computational efficiency.
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Coppin, Thomas. "Analyse et modélisation des moteurs Flexfuel pour leur contrôle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2251/document.

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L'intérêt pour les énergies renouvelables et pour la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre a conduit au développement de l'éthanol comme carburant pour les moteurs à combustion interne. Les moteurs dits Flexfuel, en particulier, peuvent fonctionner avec un mélange quelconque d'essence et d'éthanol. Ces deux carburants ont des propriétés physico-chimiques différentes, qui influent sur le fonctionnement du moteur et, partant, sur son contrôle. Les systèmes de contrôle moteur habituels ne prennent pas en compte ces propriétés variables. Sur un moteur Flexfuel, les réglages doivent être adaptés à chaque carburant, afin de maintenir le niveau des émissions polluantes et l'agrément. Cependant, ces adaptations ne doivent pas se faire au prix d'un accroissement excessif du travail de calibration. Cette thèse traite de ces questions. Les effets des différentes propriétés du carburant sur le moteur et son contrôle sont tout d'abord analysés afin de définir les besoins en termes de contrôle. Un modèle moyen de moteur, adapté aux variations de propriétés du carburant, est alors développé pour reproduire ces effets et permettre l'évaluation de stratégies de contrôle. Dans ce travail, celles-ci incluent une méthode d'estimation de la composition du carburant pendant le fonctionnement du moteur, et son utilisation dans le contrôle de la richesse
The interest in renewable energies and in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has led to the development of ethanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines. In particular, so-called Flexfuel engines can run on any mixture of gasoline and ethanol. These two fuels have different physico-chemical properties. These influence engine operation, and in turn, its control. These variable properties are not taken into account in conventional engine management systems. In a Flexfuel engine, the engine settings must be adapted to each fuel used, in order to maintain the pollutant emissions and the drivability levels, andto take advantage of the performance and efficiency improvements allowed by ethanol. However, these adaptations should not result in a cumbersome increase in the calibration work. This thesis addresses these issues. The effects of the different fuel properties on the engine and its control are first analyzed, for defining the control requirements. A mean-value, fuel-flexible, engine model reproducing these effects is then developed for the evaluation of control strategies. These include in this work a method for estimating the fuel composition during engine operation, and its use in the equivalence ratio control
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Flärdh, Oscar, and Manne Gustafson. "Mean Value Modelling of a Diesel Engine with Turbo Compound." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1777.

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Over the last years, the emission and on board diagnostics legislations for heavy duty trucks are getting more and more strict. An accurate engine model that is possible to execute in the engine control system enables both better diagnosis and lowered emissions by better control strategies.

The objective of this thesis is to extend an existing mean value diesel engine model, to include turbo compound. The model should be physical, accurate, modular and it should be possible to execute in real time. The calibration procedure should be systematic, with some degree of automatization.

Four different turbo compound models have been evaluated and two models were selected for further evaluation by integration with the existing model. The extended model showed to be quite insensitive to small errors in the compound turbine speed and hence, the small difference in accuracy of the tested models did not affect the other output signals significantly. The extended models had better accuracy and could be executed with longer step length than the existing model, despite that more complexity were added to the model. For example, the mean error of the intake manifold pressure at mixed driving was approximately 3.0%, compared to 5.8% for the existing model. The reasons for the improvements are probably the good performance of the added submodels and the systematic and partly automatized calibration procedure including optimization.

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Books on the topic "Mean value engine models"

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Benschop, Yvonne, Charlotte Holgersson, Marieke van den Brink, and Anna Wahl. Future Challenges for Practices of Diversity Management in Organizations. Edited by Regine Bendl, Inge Bleijenbergh, Elina Henttonen, and Albert J. Mills. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.013.24.

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In this chapter, we zoom in on a set of diversity practices that prevail in organizations: training, mentoring, and networks. These practices meet scholarly critique for their lack of transformation. They are often seen as targeting ‘the Other’ employees to get them at par with majority employees, leaving the current system intact. However, it can be questioned whether values, practices and routines indeed remain intact in the organizations that engage in diversity training, mentoring, and networks. The aim of this chapter is to come to a better assessment of the transformative potential of these popular diversity practices. The notion of transformative potential means the potential for diversity practices to diminish inequalities by changing organizational work practices, norms, routines and interactions. We use the so-called 3D model that provides a systematic way of assessing diversity practices. We find that training, mentoring and networking can denote so many different things that it is as incorrect to dismiss any single of these interventions, as it is to praise them in general. We conclude that a multi-dimensional power perspective challenging structural discrimination and addressing conflicting interests is key to any diversity practice that strives for transformative change.
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Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. Long-term Response: 3. Adaptive Walks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0027.

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One model for long-term evolution is an adaptive walk, a series of fixations of mutations that moves the trait mean toward some optimal value. The foundation for this idea traces back to Fisher's geometric model, which showed that mutations of large effect are favored when a trait is far from its optimal, while smaller effects are favored as it approaches the optimal value. Under fairly general conditions, this results in a roughly exponential distribution of fixed adaptive effects. An alternative to trait-based walks are walks in fitness space, motivated by considering a series of mutations to improve the fitness of a particular sequence. In such settings, extreme value theory also suggests a roughly exponential distribution, now of fitness (instead of trait) effects, for mutations fixed during the walk. Much of this theory offers at least partial experimental testing, and this chapter describes not only the theory, but also some of the empirical work testing the models.
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Birch, Jonathan. Hamilton’s Rule as an Organizing Framework. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733058.003.0002.

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Queller’s version of Hamilton’s rule (HRG), derived from the Price equation, states that the mean breeding value for a social character increases if and only if rb > c, where r is the coefficient of relatedness between social partners, b is the benefit conferred on recipients, and c is the cost incurred by actors. The value of HRG lies in its ability to provide an organizing framework for social evolution theory, helping us to interpret, classify, and compare more detailed models of particular scenarios. HRG does this by allowing us to classify causal explanations of positive change by their commitments regarding the sign of rb and c. This leads to a four-part taxonomy of explanations, comprising indirect fitness explanations, direct fitness explanations, hybrid explanations, and wholly or partially non-selective explanations. There are plausible instances of all four categories in the natural world.
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Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. Analysis of Short-term Selection Experiments: 2. Mixed-model and Bayesian Approaches. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0019.

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When the full pedigree of individuals whose values (records) were used in the selection decisions during an experiment (or breeding program) is known, LS analysis can be replaced by mixed models and their Bayesian extensions. In this setting, REML can be used to estimate genetic variances and BLUP can be used to estimate the mean breeding value in any given generation. The latter allows for genetic trends to be separated from environmental trends without the need for a control population. Under the infinitesimal model setting (wherein selection-induced allele-frequency changes are small during the course of the experiment), the use of the relationship matrix in a BLUP analysis accounts for drift, nonrandom mating, and linkage disequilibrium.
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Krause, Timothy A. Pricing of Futures Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0015.

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This chapter examines the relation between futures prices relative to the spot price of the underlying asset. Basic futures pricing is characterized by the convergence of futures and spot prices during the delivery period just before contract expiration. However, “no arbitrage” arguments that dictate the fair value of futures contracts largely determine pricing relations before expiration. Although the cost of carry model in its various forms largely determines futures prices before expiration, the chapter presents alternative explanations. Related commodity futures complexes exhibit mean-reverting behavior, as seen in commodity spread markets and other interrelated commodities. Energy commodity futures prices can be somewhat accurately modeled as a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) process, although whether these models provide economically significant excess returns is uncertain.
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Gipps, Richard G. T. Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0072.

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Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) theorists propose that disturbances in cognition underlie and maintain much emotional disturbance. Accordingly the cognitive addition to behavioral therapy typically consists in collaboratively noticing, restructuring, de-fusing from, and challenging these cognitions by the therapist and the patient. With the right group of problems, patients, and therapists, the practice of CBT is well known to possess therapeutic efficacy. This chapter, however, primarily considers the theory rather than the therapy of CBT; in particular it looks at the central significance it gives tocognitionin healthy and disturbed emotional function. It suggests that if "cognition" is used to mean merely ourbelief and thought, then CBT theory provides an implausible model of much emotional distress. If, on the other hand, "cognition" refers to the processing ofmeaning, then CBT risks losing its distinctiveness from all therapies other than the most blandly behavioral. The chapter also suggests: (a) that the appearance, in CBT's causal models of psychopathology, of what seem to be distinct causal processes and multiple discrete intervention sites may owe more to the formalism of the theory than to the structure of the well or troubled mind; (b) that CBT theorists sometimes unhelpfully assimilate the having of thoughts to episodes of thinking; (c) that CBT models may sometimes overemphasize the significance of belief and thought in psychopathology because they have unhelpfully theorized meaning as belonging more properly to these, rather than to emotional, functions; (d) that CBT approaches can also misconstrue the nature and value of acknowledgement and self-knowledge-thereby underplaying the value of some of the CBT therapist's own interventions. The theoretical and clinical implications of these critiques is discussed-such as that there are reasons to doubt that CBT always works, when it does, in the manner it tends to describe for itself.
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Book chapters on the topic "Mean value engine models"

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Guzzella, Lino, and Christopher H. Onder. "Mean-Value Models." In Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems, 21–146. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10775-7_2.

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Guzzella, Lino, and Christopher H. Onder. "Mean-Value Models." In Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems, 21–127. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08003-0_2.

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Guardiola, Carlos, Antonio Gil, Benjamín Pla, and Pedro Piqueras. "Representation Limits of Mean Value Engine Models." In Identification for Automotive Systems, 185–206. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2221-0_11.

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Calendini, Pierre Olivier, and Stefan Breuer. "Mean Value Engine Models Applied to Control System Design and Validation." In Automotive Model Predictive Control, 37–52. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-071-7_3.

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Thomas, Nigel, and Yishi Zhao. "Mean Value Analysis for a Class of PEPA Models." In Computer Performance Engineering, 59–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02924-0_5.

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Rusakov, O. V. "On Mean Value of Profit for Option Holder: Cases of a Non-Classical and the Classical Market Models." In Asymptotic Methods in Probability and Statistics with Applications, 523–33. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0209-7_37.

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Walrand, Jean. "Multiplexing: A." In Probability in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 39–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49995-2_3.

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AbstractThis chapter explores the fluctuations of random variables away from their mean value. You flip a fair coin 100 times. How likely is it that you get 60 heads? Conversely, if you get 60 heads, how likely is it that the coin is fair? Such questions are fundamental in extracting information from data.In Sect. 3.1, we start by exploring the rate available to a user when a random number of them share a link, as illustrated in Sect. 3.1. Such calculations are central to network provisioning. The main analytical tool is the Central Limit Theorem explained in Sect. 3.2 where Gaussian random variables are also introduced and confidence intervals are defined. To share a common link, devices may be attached to a switch. For instance, the desktop computers in a building are typically connected to a switch that then sends the data to a common high-speed link. We explore the delays that packets face through the buffer of a switch in Sect. 3.3. The analysis uses a Markov chain model of the buffer. To share a wireless radio channel, devices use a multiple access protocol that regulates the transmissions. We study such schemes in Sect. 3.4. We use probabilistic models of the protocols.
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Mrosek, Matthias Patrick Alexander. "3 Semi-Physical Mean Value Engine Model." In Model-Based Control of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine with High- and Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas, 12–33. VDI Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186803122-12.

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SIVIERO, C., R. SCATTOLINI, A. GELMETTI, L. POGGIO, and G. SERRA. "ANALYSIS & VALIDATION OF MEAN VALUE MODELS FOR SI IC-ENGINES." In Advances in Automotive Control 1995, 1–6. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042589-4.50004-2.

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Karakas, S., O. Sogut, and C. Ozsoy. "Mean value modeling and model predictive control of a turbocharged diesel engine airpath." In Sustainable Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources, 587–93. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11810-90.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mean value engine models"

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Broomhead, Timothy, Chris Manzie, Michael Brear, and Peter Hield. "Model Reduction of Diesel Mean Value Engine Models." In SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1248.

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Hendricks, E. "The Analysis of Mean value Engine Models." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890563.

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Jazayeri, Seyed Ali, Mohammad Sharifi Rad, and Shahram Azadi. "Development and Validation for Mean Value Engine Models." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1267.

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Engine control algorithms are among the most important factors that affect engine performance and emission. Developing control algorithms would improve engine performance, fuel consumption and emission levels. On the other hand, time and cost reduction of controller development is becoming an ever increasing demand. To meet these demands, more advanced engine models and better controller development processes are essential. Therefore, those models with good accuracy together with high calculation speed and fewest numbers of tests for calibration are most suitable. The mean value engine models are developed to meet these criteria. The governing equations for these models are simple and relatively easy to calibrate. The main purpose of this work was to simplify the equations of such a model, decrease the number of calibration tests and improve model accuracy. Simpler equations are used for the calculation of air mass flow at the throttle body and cylinder ports. To increase the accuracy of the manifold pressure calculations, two different relations are proposed and the results are compared. Also a set of equations is presented for rotational dynamics. Then the accuracy of the developed model is examined through the experimental works carried out on the engine of a locally manufactured vehicle called Samand.
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Hendricks, Elbert, and Thomas Vesterholm. "The Analysis of Mean Value SI Engine Models." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/920682.

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Karlsson, Jonas, and Jonas Fredriksson. "Cylinder-by-Cylinder Engine Models Vs Mean Value Engine Models for Use in Powertrain Control Applications." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0906.

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Chevalier, Alain, Martin Müller, and Elbert Hendricks. "On the Validity of Mean Value Engine Models During Transient Operation." In SAE 2000 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1261.

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Chen, Jyh-Shin. "Mean Value Engine Model Using Object Oriented Modeling." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0982.

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Hendricks, Elbert, and Spencer Sorenson. "Mean Value SI Engine Model for Control Studies." In 1990 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1990.4791054.

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Joerg, Christian, Sung-Yong Lee, Christoph Reuber, Joschka Schaub, Matthias Koetter, Silja Thewes, Ronnie Thattaradiyil, and Jakob Andert. "Accurate Mean Value Process Models for Model-Based Engine Control Concepts by Means of Hybrid Modeling." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1178.

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Hu Chun-Ming and Ju Bing. "Nonlinear parameters identification of mean value engine models based on neural network." In 2011 International Conference on Transportation and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering (TMEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmee.2011.6199334.

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