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Journal articles on the topic 'Meaning extension'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Goossens, Louis. "Meaning extension and text type." English Studies 79, no. 2 (March 1998): 120–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138389808599120.

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2

Majkić, Zoran. "Conservative Intensional Extension of Tarski's Semantics." Advances in Artificial Intelligence 2013 (February 26, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/920157.

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We considered an extension of the first-order logic (FOL) by Bealer's intensional abstraction operator. Contemporary use of the term “intension” derives from the traditional logical Frege-Russell doctrine that an idea (logic formula) has both an extension and an intension. Although there is divergence in formulation, it is accepted that the “extension” of an idea consists of the subjects to which the idea applies, and the “intension” consists of the attributes implied by the idea. From the Montague's point of view, the meaning of an idea can be considered as particular extensions in different possible worlds. In the case of standard FOL, we obtain a commutative homomorphic diagram, which is valid in each given possible world of an intensional FOL: from a free algebra of the FOL syntax, into its intensional algebra of concepts, and, successively, into an extensional relational algebra (different from Cylindric algebras). Then we show that this composition corresponds to the Tarski's interpretation of the standard extensional FOL in this possible world.
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Battersby, James L., and James Phelan. "Meaning as Concept and Extension: Some Problems." Critical Inquiry 12, no. 3 (April 1986): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/448355.

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4

Hasanova, Aytaj Sadiq. "Basic Factors Motivating the Extension of Word Meaning." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 5 (June 23, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n5p60.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the psycholinguistic bases and realization mechanism of semantic changes. Semantic extension that occurs in words comprehended in original nominative meaning has many times been the objective of linguistic investigations. As modern linguistics focuses more and more on the relationship of language and cognition, language and psychology, linguistic analyses and studies of word semantics are also directed to cognitive and thinking processes. The article aims to scrutinize main factors that bring about semantic changes. The semantic structure of a word undergoes multilateral changes throughout the historical development of language. Most words in language may assume additional meanings in functional speech that are not fixed in their lexicographic definitions. These peripheral or potential semantic components of meaning are realized in the thoughts of people in certain contexts. One of the reasons bringing about polysemy is explained by generalizing character of human thinking. The current study explains the approaches of both traditional and cognitive linguistics towards the above-mentioned linguistic phenomenon. The article also provides the interpretation of semantic development on the basis of the element of reality—the minimum unit that is comprehended, introduced in the theory of Linguo-Psychological Unity (LPU) newly created in Azerbaijani linguistics.
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최예빈 and Hae-Gwon Jeong. "Extension of meaning of the translocative constructions and their aspectual meanings in Korean." Discourse and Cognition 25, no. 1 (February 2018): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.15718/discog.2018.25.1.195.

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Thepkanjana, Kingkarn, and Satoshi Uehara. "Semantic Extension of the Verb of Breaking in Thai and Japanese." MANUSYA 10, no. 3 (2007): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01003006.

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The fact that a lexical item has semantic variations when combined with other linguistic elements is a central issue in lexical semantics. A number of researchers claim that a lexical item has one basic meaning, and that other extended meanings are triggered in context by a process whereby the semantic structure of the lexical item is adjusted in certain details so that it is semantically compatible with its neighboring lexical items. This paper aims to examine how this process actually works as it applies to a transitive verb occurring with subject and object arguments. A study of the Thai transitive verb HAK "break" and its corresponding verb ORU in Japanese is presented. Arguably, all seemingly discrete meanings of HAK are interrelated and so are those of ORU. The basic meaning of each verb corresponds to the most concrete event and is the most cognitively salient. It consists of a number of “facets”, which represent different physical resulting states of an entity undergoing an action denoted by either HAK or ORU. Two mechanisms are found to derive the extended meanings. First, only some facets of HAK and ORU are promoted. Second, HAK and ORU are figuratively interpreted. The other objective of this study is to show semantic differences between HAK and ORU. It is demonstrated in this paper that so-called "corresponding” words in different languages, especially verbs, hardly have exactly the same meaning.
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7

장진영. "A Study of Meaning Extension in Japanese Gijyōgo." Journal of Japanese Language and Literature 75, no. 1 (November 2010): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17003/jllak.2010.75.1.131.

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8

Bortolotti, Lisa. "Agency, Life Extension, and the Meaning of Life." Monist 93, no. 1 (2010): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/monist20109313.

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9

Hi Ja Chong. "The Core Meaning and Its Extension of Prepositions." New Korean Journal of English Lnaguage & Literature 49, no. 1 (February 2007): 239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25151/nkje.2007.49.1.012.

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10

Iļinska, Larisa, and Oksana Ivanova. "Creation and Extension of Meaning in Professional Communication." Research in Language 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.18.3.03.

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The application of different language resources in professional communication reveals the role of cognition in information processing, the interpretive function of language in knowledge construction, and the interrelation of linguistic and extra-linguistic environments. The aim of the present paper is to examine the development of the language of science and the way it is influenced by history, technology, media, genre, and culture. Integrating cognitive approach and pragmatic analysis, the ways of meaning creation and meaning extension have been studied in the popular science texts. Creative thinking and imagination are considered responsible for innovative, creative and insightful thought in general, and, sometimes, for a much wider range of mental activities.
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11

Ma, Weiyi. "How Does Meaning Specificity Affect Verb Learning and Extension?" Language Acquisition 17, no. 1-2 (April 14, 2010): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10489220903495367.

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12

Prasetya, Dany Buyung Yudha. "Komparatif Makna Idiom ‘Ki’ dengan Idiom dalam Bahasa Indonesia ‘Hati’ Ditinjau dari Makna Leksikal – Kajian Linguistik Kognitif-." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 8, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v8i2.37876.

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This study trying to describe the relationship between lexical meaning and the idiomatical meaning of ‘ki’ in the Japanese language idioms and ‘hati’in Indonesian language Idiom by using perspective of cognitive linguistic. This study classified as a basic research category, because this research was conducted to find new theories about how idioms get to motivated from the relationship between lexical meaning and idiomatic meaning in the cognitive linguistics point of view, finds differences and similarities between Japanese and Indonesian idioms. Then contrasted the idioms using the matching techniques of linguistics. From the analysis result, it can be seen that there are idioms from both languages that have different lexical meanings, but have similar idiomatic meanings. That happens because there are similarities between the point of view in looking at the ki and hati, even though there are cultural differences. It was also found that between ki idioms and hati, ki idioms have a more variants, in one category of idioms which has the same idiomatic meaning than hati idioms. Then from both ki idioms and hati idioms, some idioms show an extension of idiomatic meanings that are more broader than the basic idiomatic meanings, where it shows the emergence of polysemic meanings of some ki idioms and hati idioms.
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Lin, Zhengjun, and Shengxi Jin. "Metonymic and metaphoric meaning extensions of Chinese FACE and its collocations." Pragmatics and Society 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 96–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.17008.lin.

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Abstract This paper studies the extension of conventional meanings of Chinese FACE expressions in their collocations as well as the collocations themselves through metonymy and metaphor. The data with five FACE expressions included are sampled from the corpus of Center for Chinese Linguistics at Peking University. The conventional meaning of these five FACE expressions is ‘the surface of the front of the head from the top of the forehead to the base of the chin and from ear to ear’. The conventional meaning of FACE in its collocations is metonymically extended to ‘facial expression, emotion, attitude, person, health state, affection, sense of honor, etc.’, and metaphorically to ‘the front space or part of something, a part, a side or an aspect of something, the surface or the exposed layer of something, the geometric plane in math or scope/range of something, etc.’. When Chinese FACE is collocated with other words, its meanings are also extended through metonymy-metonymy chains, metonymy-metaphor continuums and metonymy-metaphor combinations. The meanings of Chinese FACE collocations (phrases) are mainly metonymically extended when used in certain contexts.
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14

Lim, Tae Sung. "A Study of the Meaning Extension of Korean verb ‘ppeotdda’." HAN-GEUL 309 (September 30, 2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22557/hg.2015.09.309.95.

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15

Lidiia V., Vlasova. "Scope Extension that Forms the Secondary Meaning in Legal Terminology." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 2018): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0276.

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16

Jung, Hyun-ae. "Process and Mechanism of Meaning Extension of Localizer ‘Shang(上)’." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature 108 (February 28, 2018): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25021/jcll.2018.02.108.85.

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17

Jaeyon Park. "The metonymic extension of Korean endings including modal meaning ‘intention’." Journal of Korean Linguistics ll, no. 68 (December 2013): 253–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15811/jkl.2013..68.009.

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18

Pieper, Jos. "Contingency and Meaning-Focused Coping." Journal of Empirical Theology 32, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15709256-12341395.

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Abstract This article examines the similarities and differences between a religious-philosophical approach to contingency and a (religious) psychological approach to coping with health problems. We elaborate on theoretical and empirical developments in research on coping, meaning-focused coping and religious coping. Religious coping is seen as a special form of meaning-focused coping. These coping perspectives are related to Wuchterl’s model for dealing with contingency and an extension of this model, based on Dutch empirical research among cancer patients.
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19

SAGI, GIL. "LOGICALITY AND MEANING." Review of Symbolic Logic 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020317000247.

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AbstractIn standard model-theoretic semantics, the meaning of logical terms is said to be fixed in the system while that of nonlogical terms remains variable. Much effort has been devoted to characterizing logical terms, those terms that should be fixed, but little has been said on their role in logical systems: on what fixing their meaning precisely amounts to. My proposal is that when a term is considered logical in model theory, what gets fixed is its intension rather than its extension. I provide a rigorous way of spelling out this idea, and show that it leads to a graded account of logicality: the less structure a term requires in order for its intension to be fixed, the more logical it is. Finally, I focus on the class of terms that are invariant under isomorphisms, as they render themselves more easily to mathematical treatment. I propose a mathematical measure for the logicality of such terms based on their associated Löwenheim numbers.
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20

Gehrke, Mai, and Bjarni Jónsson. "Bounded distributive lattice expansions." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 94, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-14428.

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A new notion of a canonical extension $\mathbf{A}^{\sigma }$ is introduced that applies to arbitrary bounded distributive lattice expansions (DLEs) $\mathbf{A} $. The new definition agrees with the earlier ones whenever they apply. In particular, for a bounded distributive lattice $\mathbf{A}, \mathbf{A}^{\sigma }$ has the same meaning as before. A novel feature is the introduction of several topologies on the universe of the canonical extension of a DL. One of these topologies is used to define the canonical extension $f^{\sigma }:\mathbf{A}^{\sigma }\rightarrow \mathbf{B}^{\sigma }$ of an arbitrary map $f:\mathbf{A}\rightarrow \mathbf{B}$ between DLs, and hence to define the canonical extension $\mathbf{A}^{\sigma }$ of an arbitrary DLE $\mathbf{A}$. Together the topologies form a powerful tool for showing that many properties of DLEs are preserved by canonical extensions.
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21

Bos, Johan. "Expressive Power of Abstract Meaning Representations." Computational Linguistics 42, no. 3 (September 2016): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00257.

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The syntax of abstract meaning representations (AMRs) can be defined recursively, and a systematic translation to first-order logic (FOL) can be specified, including a proper treatment of negation. AMRs without recurrent variables are in the decidable two-variable fragment of FOL. The current definition of AMRs has limited expressive power for universal quantification (up to one universal quantifier per sentence). A simple extension of the AMR syntax and translation to FOL provides the means to represent projection and scope phenomena.
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22

Ibrahim, Bello, Rilwan Yusuf Jibo, and Hamisu Hamisu Haruna. "Socio-Linguistic Study of Meaning Extension in Communication among Male Youths in Northern Nigeria." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i4.335.

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The paper examines meaning extension in communication among male youths in some northern states such as Katsina, Kano, Kaduna and Zamfara. The variables under study comprise of words, phrases and sentences in English and Hausa languages. The paper also examines the expressions’ literal and contextual meanings and how they are used among the educated and uneducated (western education) youths. The data gathered by the researchers through observation are twenty five (25) samples, and were further presented and analysed using descriptive method. The findings revealed that the youths use the expressions in a conversation to make it socially decorated and show fancy in conversation among them.
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23

Lim, Su-jin. "“Meaning Extension of the Temperature Terms : English ‘cool’ vs. Korean ‘siwenhata.’”." Journal of Linguistics Science 85 (June 30, 2018): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21296/jls.2018.06.85.277.

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24

김해미. "A study on the Meaning Extension of the Change of 'Hot'." Korean Language and Literature ll, no. 169 (December 2014): 5–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17291/kolali.2014..169.001.

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김현수. "The Aspect of Meaning Extension between Japanese “MIRU” and Korean “BODA”." Japanese Language and Literature Association of Daehan ll, no. 53 (February 2012): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18631/jalali.2012..53.002.

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김현수. "The Aspect of Meaning Extension between Japanese “ME” and Korean “NUN”." Japanese Language and Literature Association of Daehan ll, no. 56 (November 2012): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18631/jalali.2012..56.002.

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김현수. "The Aspect of Meaning Extension between Japanese "mimi" and Korean "kui"." Japanese Language and Literature Association of Daehan ll, no. 63 (August 2014): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18631/jalali.2014..63.002.

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28

Šeškauskienė, Inesa. "The Language of Linguistic Research: Is there Room for Meaning Extension?" Kalbotyra 59, no. 59 (January 1, 2008): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/klbt.2008.7615.

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traipsnyje nagrinėjamas lingvistinio diskurso tekstai, kurių pagrindinė funkcija, kaip ir bet kurio kito mokslinio teksto, tiksliai ir nedviprasmiškai pateikti informaciją bei argumentus. Todėl iš pirmo žvilgsnio atrodytų, kad perkeltinė reikšmė tokiuose tekstuose yra mažai tikėtina. Tačiau pasitelkus konceptualiosios metaforos teoriją bei kontrastyvinės lingvistikos metodus ir išnagrinėjus medžiagą paaiškėjo, kad akademiniai tekstai paklūsta bendrosioms natūraliosios kalbos tendencijoms. Tyri­mo rezultatai rodo, kad metonimija ir metafora yra pagrindiniai reikšmės perkėlimo mechanizmai. Dažniausios metaforos akademiniame tekste yra kalba/tyrimas/samprotavimasyra pastatas/ struk­tūra, kalba/tyrimas/ mokymasisyra matuojami, kalba/ mokymasis yra ekonominė veikla, kalba/tyrimas/ rašymasyra scena ir t.t. Antropocentrinis kalbos aspektas pasirodė esąs pagrindinis meto­nimijų kūrimo principas bei konceptualizacijos įrankis.Tiek metonimijų, tiek metaforų analizė atskleidė įdomių tarpkalbinių/tarpkultūrinių ypatumų, atsispindinčių junglumo modeliuose.
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Jin, Mei-ying, and Jin-soo Kim. "A study on the meaning extension of ‘iss-ta/eop-ta'." Korean Language and Literature 105 (May 29, 2018): 40–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21793/koreall.2018.105.40.

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30

HÄYRY, MATTI. "Considerable Life Extension and Three Views on the Meaning of Life." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20, no. 1 (January 2011): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000599.

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Picture this. You are having your regular medical checkup, when, all of a sudden, the physician turns to you and says: “Oh, did I remember to mention that you can now live forever?” You look at the doctor enquiringly and she goes on: “Well, it’s not actual immortality, you know, but they’ve invented this treatment—I don’t have the full details—that stops aging, getting physically older. It might not be for everyone, but you seem to be a suitable candidate. You could still die of accidents and illness, of course, but they’ve calculated that with care and any luck you should live to be a thousand, as opposed to the hundred or so that you would now have. And in a millennium, techniques will advance further, so there could be more in store for you after that.”
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Han, Jihyoung, and Yeonjin Kwon. "A Study on Meaning Extension of Body-terms ‘meri’ and ‘elkwul’." Journal of Language Sciences 21, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14384/kals.2014.21.2.173.

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32

Cicero, Scott D., and Warren W. Tryron. "Classical conditioning of meaning—II. A replication and triplet associative extension." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 20, no. 3 (September 1989): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(89)90023-2.

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33

Tryon, Warren W., and Scott D. Cicero. "Classical conditioning of meaning—I. A replication and higher-order extension." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 20, no. 2 (June 1989): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(89)90046-3.

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34

METZ, THADDEUS. "God's purpose as irrelevant to life's meaning: reply to Affolter." Religious Studies 43, no. 4 (November 7, 2007): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412507009067.

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AbstractElsewhere I have contended that if a God-centred account of meaning in life were true, it would not be because meaning comes from fulfilling God's purpose for us. Specifically, I have argued that this ‘purpose theory’ of life's meaning cannot be the correct God-based view since God would have to be atemporal, immutable, and simple for meaning to logically depend on His existence, and since such a being lacking extension could not be purposive. Jacob Affolter has developed a fresh account of the kind of purpose that is necessary for meaning in life, has argued that a God without extension could ground it, and has also provided some tentative reason to believe that only such a God could do so. I respond in three ways: by questioning whether the sort of purpose Affolter thinks is necessary for meaning in fact is; by arguing that an extensionless God could not ground it; and by indicating the way that a purely physical world could.
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35

Gapur, Abdul, and Mhd Pujiono. "ANALISIS MAKNA POLISEMI VERBA MEMOTONG (KIRU) DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA JEPANG An Analysis of Polysemic Meaning of Verbs 'Cut (Kiru)' In Japanese." Metalingua: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa 17, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/metalingua.v17i1.264.

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Polysemy is a word that has more than one meaning. Not only limited to just one class of words, but polysemy is almost present in all classes of words. One of them is in kiru (切 る) verb. Kiru has the basic meaning 'cut' and has many meanings that often lead to errors in use, such as errors in translating Japanese sentences. Therefore in this research discussed the meaning of polysemi kiru verbs in Japanese sentences. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The theory used is the theory of the expansion of contextual meaning and the polysemic meaning of Moriyama (2012). The data were obtained from sentences in discourses that used kiru verbs from various sources namely textbooks, novels and online newspapers. The results of this study were found 14 sentences in which there are kiru verbs. 13 sentences have the meaning of verb kiru cutting, dropping, opening, throwing, turning, starting, passing, actually already, stopping and breaking. But there is one sentence that occurs extension of meaning different the theory, namely the sentence shutta o kiru which means removing the shutter.
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Chady, Shimeen-Khan. "From connectors to extension particles, the meaning of sipa ki in Mauritian Creole." Taikomoji kalbotyra 15 (June 4, 2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2021.15.2.

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The extension particles are not considered as discourse markers by all researchers mainly considering the grammatical function the connectors which they are based on can present. However, as for discourse markers which “desemantisation” has been revoked, other researchers argue that extension particles maintain part of their original meaning while endorsing an intersubjective value. I try to study this question in this article for the Mauritian Creole extension particle sipa ki which is formed on the connector sipa. A fine-grained conversational and pragmatics analysis of 6 hours of ordinary conversations, collected in 2014 shows how sipa ki plays a part in conversational relation co-construction. While helping the enunciator to construct their own discourse and showing their attitude towards it, sipa ki provides information on the way the sentence has to be interpreted by soliciting (assumed) shared experience by interlocutors for message reconstruction. I argue that speech effects provided by extension particle sipa ki partly rely on the meaning of connector sipa on which it is constructed and which also holds an intersubjective value.
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Klapper, Shlomo. "(Mis)judging Ordinary Meaning?: Corpus Linguistics, the Frequency Fallacy, and the Extension-Abstraction Distinction in “Ordinary Meaning” Textualism." British Journal of American Legal Studies 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 327–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjals-2019-0013.

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Abstract Rarely is a new yardstick of legal meaning created. But over the past decade, corpus linguistics has begun to be utilized as a new tool to measure ordinary meaning in statutory interpretation and original public meaning in constitutional interpretation. The legal application of corpus linguistics posits that an examination of every use of a term in a wide variety of documents can yield a more complete, impartial understanding of a word than can dictionaries, intuition, or an unsystematic survey of sources. Corpora could supplement, or even supplant, dictionaries and native-speaker intuition in legal analyses. For originalism in particular, legal corpus linguistics promises to offer what would be a more scientific methodology for a point of view which, until now, has lacked one. However, corpus linguistics, as applied to legal problems, falls prey to a fatal methodological criticism – the frequency fallacy. The criticism states that in a corpus, an unusual meaning can have many corpus entries while a perfectly ordinary meaning can be completely absent from the corpus. That is, frequency is not a good measure of meaning. Since legal corpus linguistics relies on frequency, the corpus cannot inform legal meaning. This article parries this otherwise fatal critique. It argues that while the frequency fallacy is self-evidently true, the fallacy is not inherent to the corpus, but rather is an artifact of misinterpreting the corpus by treating it like a dictionary. This defense consists of a number of steps. The first step distinguishes between two different methods of discerning ordinary meaning: extension and abstraction. As illustrated by Yates v. United States and United States v. Marshall, extension entails extending the statutory term to varying facts, while abstraction keeps the facts constant and abstracts out key qualities to find an appropriate term. Critically, this article argues that abstraction offers a way to avoid the frequency fallacy. Second, to use abstraction properly, one must analyze not only the presence of the legal term in question but also its absence; that is, one must determine the presence or absence of other terms to describe a similar factual scenario to distinguish between artifacts of language and facts about the world. This article concludes by arguing that this method has a beneficial emergent quality. Not only does this answer make legal corpus analysis methodologically sound, but it also paves the way for the first tool to approximate how an ordinary person would read the law, thus potentially furthering the rule of law.
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Tsaroucha, Efthymia. "The Conceptualization of English Phrasal Verbs by Greek Primary School Learners: An Empirical Cognitive Approach." Languages 4, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4030051.

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This study investigates the way Greek EFL elementary students conceptualize English phrasal verbs of the form component verb (take) plus component particle (up, down, in, out, back, off, on, apart). It is suggested image schemas play a facilitatory role in the conceptualization and interpretation of the figurative meanings of English phrasal verbs. The study argues that within the phrasal verb construct, the component particle prompts for the extension from literal to figurative meanings since the particle designates image schematic experiences (bodily-kinesthetic). The study conducted two types of test: (1) meaning of the sentence and (2) image-matching from the sentence. In test 1, participants were asked to read sentences which contained the verb take plus particles and they had to select the most appropriate meaning of the phrasal verb that matched the overall meaning of the sentence. In test 2, participants were asked to read sentences wherein phrasal verbs of the form take plus particles were highlighted. They were asked to match the meaning of the phrasal verb with one image. Each image represented a different type of image schema such as container, front-back orientation and proximity-distance.
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M.B., Mengliyeva. "On The Study Of The Meaning Of "Ability" Within Motion Manner Category In Uzbek Language." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 2, no. 09 (September 26, 2020): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue09-46.

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The intermediate grammatical meaning of "ability" is smaller than the number of specific meanings in "process" and is limited to "ability" and "trial". While these meanings are expressed in the phonetic layer by the extension and contraction of the sound, in the morphological layer they are expressed by the use of auxiliary verbs. These particular grammatical meanings are not represented by tense forms in the morphological layer. The meanings of "process" are expressed in the syntactic layer by word combinations with the presence of the action verb, that is, together with the verb, such words as “hardly”, “with huge efforts” are combined with the word denoting the action. In the lexical layer, it can be expressed directly by verbs such as to act, to succeed. Although the intermediate meaning group “ability” is smaller in structure than the “process” group, its means are stylistically neutral and can be used in both formal and informal speech..
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Sawada, Osamu. "The meanings of positive polarity minimizers in Japanese: a unified approach." Semantics and Linguistic Theory, no. 20 (April 3, 2015): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v0i20.2577.

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In Japanese there are multiple lexical items for positive polarity minimizers (hereinafter, minimizer PPIs), each of which can differ in meaning/use. For example, while sukoshi ‘lit. a bit/a little’ can only express a quantitative (amount) meaning, chotto ‘lit. a bit/a little’ can express either a quantitative meaning or an ‘expressive’ meaning (i.e. attenuation in degree of the force of a speech act). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the semantics and pragmatics of the Japanese minimizer PPIs chotto and sukoshi and to consider (i) the parallelism/non-parallelism between truth conditional scalar meanings and non-truth conditional scalar meanings, and (ii) what mechanism can explain the cross-linguistic and language internal variation between minimizer PPIs. As for the semantics/pragmatics of minimizers, I will argue that although the meanings of the amount and expressive minimizers are logically and dimensionally different (non-parallelism), they can systematically be captured by positing a single lexical item (parallelism). As for the language internal and cross-linguistic variations, it will be shown that there is a point of variation with respect to whether a particular degree morpheme allows a dimensional shift (i.e. an extension from a semantic scale to a pragmatic scale). Based on the above proposals, this paper will also investigate the pragmatic motivation behind the use of minimizers in an evaluative context.
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Sawada, Osamu. "The meanings of positive polarity minimizers in Japanese: a unified approach." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 20 (August 14, 2010): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v20i0.2577.

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In Japanese there are multiple lexical items for positive polarity minimizers (hereinafter, minimizer PPIs), each of which can differ in meaning/use. For example, while sukoshi ‘lit. a bit/a little’ can only express a quantitative (amount) meaning, chotto ‘lit. a bit/a little’ can express either a quantitative meaning or an ‘expressive’ meaning (i.e. attenuation in degree of the force of a speech act). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the semantics and pragmatics of the Japanese minimizer PPIs chotto and sukoshi and to consider (i) the parallelism/non-parallelism between truth conditional scalar meanings and non-truth conditional scalar meanings, and (ii) what mechanism can explain the cross-linguistic and language internal variation between minimizer PPIs. As for the semantics/pragmatics of minimizers, I will argue that although the meanings of the amount and expressive minimizers are logically and dimensionally different (non-parallelism), they can systematically be captured by positing a single lexical item (parallelism). As for the language internal and cross-linguistic variations, it will be shown that there is a point of variation with respect to whether a particular degree morpheme allows a dimensional shift (i.e. an extension from a semantic scale to a pragmatic scale). Based on the above proposals, this paper will also investigate the pragmatic motivation behind the use of minimizers in an evaluative context.
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HARRISON, AMELIA, and YULIYA LIERLER. "First-order modular logic programs and their conservative extensions." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 16, no. 5-6 (September 2016): 755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068416000430.

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AbstractModular logic programs provide a way of viewing logic programs as consisting of many independent, meaningful modules. This paper introduces first-order modular logic programs, which can capture the meaning of many answer set programs. We also introduce conservative extensions of such programs. This concept helps to identify strong relationships between modular programs as well as between traditional programs. We show how the notion of a conservative extension can be used to justify the common projection rewriting.
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Lim, Tae-sung. "A Study on the Meaning Extension of the Sino-Korean Word “走”." HAN-GEUL 80, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22557/hg.2019.6.80.2.353.

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LEESUNHEE. "Meaning Extension of the Body-part Term, ‘Eye’, between Chinese and Korean." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature ll, no. 79 (February 2017): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.26586/chls.2017..79.005.

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박영태. "A Cognitive Approach to the Meaning Extension of the English Verb make." Studies in Linguistics ll, no. 30 (January 2014): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17002/sil..30.201401.75.

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김은경, 이정선, and 임나현. "A Cognitive-Semantic Account for the Meaning Extension of Get-phrasal Verbs." Studies in Linguistics ll, no. 38 (January 2016): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17002/sil..38.201601.75.

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SunHee Lee. "On the Meaning Extension and Conceptualisation of ‘FACE’ in Korean and Chinese." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature ll, no. 55 (June 2010): 411–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15792/clsyn..55.201006.411.

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HÄYRY, MATTI. "Some Additional Thoughts on Considerable Life Extension and the Meaning of Life." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23, no. 1 (November 20, 2013): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180113000467.

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Bulkeley, Kelly, and G. William Domhoff. "Detecting meaning in dream reports: An extension of a word search approach." Dreaming 20, no. 2 (2010): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019773.

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Jeon, Dong-jin. "Meaningless & Non-meaning as the principle of the poetic culture extension." Korean Literary Theory and Criticism 74 (March 31, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.20461/kltc.2017.3.74.131.

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