Academic literature on the topic 'Meaning maintenance model'

The meaning maintenance model (MMM) proposes that people have a needfor meaning; that is, a need to perceive events through a prism of mental representations of expected relations that organizes their perceptions of the world. When people's sense of meaning is threatened, they reaffirm alternative representations as a way to regain meaning-a process termedfluid compensation. According to the model, people can reaffirm meaning in domains that are differentfrom the domain in which the threat occurred. Evidenceforfluid compensation can be observed following a variety of psychological threats, including most especially threats to the self, such as self-esteem threats, feelings of uncertainty, interpersonal rejection, and mortality salience. People respond to these diverse threats in highly similar ways, which suggests that a range of psychological motivations are expressions of a singular impulse to generate and maintain a sense of meaning.

Focusing on the case of a successful French pharmaceutical family firm – VetCo, we develop a process model of family firm identity maintenance by non-family members. Being the first family-owned pharmaceutical actor exclusively dedicated to animal health worldwide, VetCo has a strong family firm identity. The maintenance of this identity is remarkable, as VetCo experienced a withdrawal of the owning family when its founder suddenly passed away and, later on, when other family members disengaged from operations. Using grounded theory, we build a process model of identity maintenance that emphasizes meaning multiplicity. Specifically, we identify three main mechanisms of meaning preservation – passing on the family legacy, unifying the metaphorical family and modelling the family business – and two mechanisms of meaning connection – holding on and bridging. In elaborating theory on family firm identity maintenance, this study contributes to family business and organizational identity scholarships.

Studies of people with eating disorders (ED) have indicated that meaning in life is negatively associated with psychopathology, suicide risk, and emotional instability in people with ED. The aim of this study was to analyze the mediating role of meaning in life and its dimensions in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and the symptoms of ED, and to provide evidence that supports the meaning making model of eating disorders (MESTA, in Spanish). 292 Participants diagnosed with ED completed the Purpose in Life Test (PIL), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS). Multiple mediation analyses were performed. Meaning in life was a mediator between body dissatisfaction and ED psychopathology. The dimension of Satisfaction and meaning in life had a greater mediating role. Meaning in life could be an important variable in the maintenance of ED. The MESTA could be a useful model for understanding the psychopathology of ED.

Language has the pivot on which the culture grow or turn to extinct. Language is as primary means of cultural events transmission. A digitalised adage as one of efforts to revitalise or maintain the culture will not be received without understanding the meanings of the oral tradition texts as their implicitness. This research tries to fill the space left by other researchers to make young generation of Mandailing understand the meanings of the oral tradition texts. The oral tradition tells a great deal of local genuine. By doing so, it is expected the young generation can pick out the beneficial messages from the oral tradition texts, then, to guide them in the action, behaviour, and thinking. Therefore, the oral traditonal needs to maintain or to reserve. With respect to the nature, the out put of this research is to design a maintenance model of Mandailing oral tradition. The subject of the research is the oral tradition of Mandailing analisyed through cognitive semantics, and CDA as theoretical tools for textual interpretation. The qualitative and quantitative data of the research show that the oral traditon of Mandailing; mangandung and marturi include in the category of extinct, while mangambat, mangalehenmangan, manjair, maralok-alok, mambue, marturas, maronang-onang, marsilogo, marungut-ungut, and marpege-pege are in the category of endangered traditon. The cultural activities of the oral traditon do not transmit towards the young generation of Mandailing (age. 17- 40) taken from 100 respondent. Theydid not understand the meaning of the oral traditon texts (87%). The other factor is very few young generation (10%) involve in the cultural traditon of the oral tradition.

At present military activities have been influenced deeply by the information revolution, in the same way the equipment support activities are confronted with tremendous challenge and many problems appeared. The equipment support ability is not satisfied with its target in the traditional method along with in-depth research, so needed to quest for a new research angle of view. Through the investigation of electric-particles' movement in physics field, a field-theory point of view from the comparability between the electric-particles and the equipment support elements is introduced which based on spatial distributing of equipment support elements around battlefield and characteristic of support activities. Moreover, the theory and method of the field-theory in the transfer of the support element and energy in support activity is described as the basic for the next application research. The appropriate combination between the natural science and military science has the important meaning for enrichment and development of equipment support theory.

In the current studies, we tested the prediction that learning of novel patterns of association would be enhanced in response to unrelated meaning threats. This prediction derives from the meaning-maintenance model, which hypothesizes that meaning-maintenance efforts may recruit patterns of association unrelated to the original meaning threat. Compared with participants in control conditions, participants exposed to either of two unrelated meaning threats (i.e., reading an absurd short story by Franz Kafka or arguing against one's own self-unity) demonstrated both a heightened motivation to perceive the presence of patterns within letter strings and enhanced learning of a novel pattern actually embedded within letter strings (artificial-grammar learning task). These results suggest that the cognitive mechanisms responsible for implicitly learning patterns are enhanced by the presence of a meaning threat.

There are currently a number of competing theories of threat compensation, which attempt to explain why humans affirm schemas and cultural worldviews following events that are distressing, anomalous or unexpected. Central to many of these theories is the role affirmations play in preserving self-identity. The Meaning Maintenance Model is one threat compensation theory that does not require the self to be threatened, in that it claims any violation of expectations is threatening, even those that are not directly related to the self, nor are necessarily consciously perceived. The role of the self as a necessary mediator between the perception of threat and evoked response is empirically tested in three studies. Results show that a subliminal presentation of incoherent word pairs can produce the same type of schema affirmation seen with other explicit and implicit threatening stimuli. Furthering this, the same subliminal threat also produces changes in behaviour that are not consciously directed, in this case by increasing implicit learning ability and working memory.

Cognitive processes might be seen as reciprocal items and they are usually characterized by multiple feedback cycles. Emotions constitute one major source of feedback loops to assure the maintenance of well-being, providing cognitive processes with quantifiable meaning. This suggests the exploitation of models to improve the adaptation under value-based protocols. Emotion is not an isolated effect of stimuli, but it is the set of several effects of the stimuli and the relationships among them. This chapter proposes a study of the exploitation of models in artificial emotions, pointing out relationships as part of the model as well as the model exploitation method.

Maintenance and promotion of patient and family dignity is a core tenet of palliative care and has significant implications for end-of-life experience, with loss of dignity associated with increased suffering and desire for death. This chapter provides an overview of empirical research on dignity at the end of life, including the model of dignity in the terminally ill, measures to assess dignity including the Patient Dignity Inventory and the Dignity Impact Scale, and dignity therapy, an intervention aimed at bolstering dignity, meaning-making, and generativity needs to improve the end-of-life experience for patients and families. These topics are discussed in the context of a proliferation of research in the last decade across a diversity of cultures, languages, and illness groups.

In this chapter, the focus is the voice and vocal production. Beginning with a very basic discussion of vocal physiology and the way that sound is produced, the discussion turns to styles of singing and a comparison of “legitimate” and rock vocal production. In rock singing, there are techniques and approaches that differ greatly from traditional means. An examination of them forms much of this chapter, and along with descriptions, exercises are provided to demonstrate and practice these revised performance practices. The importance of text-based and meaning-based singing is stressed throughout, as is the fact that one need not be an accomplished legitimate singer to sing rock. The subject of vocal health and maintenance appears throughout the chapter. There is also a section devoted to the use of vocal microphones on stage. Finally, the vocalisms of various rock singers are analyzed in terms of their usefulness as models for musical theatre performers.

Rousseau began his discussion of the origin of language with a paradox that echoes through modern philosophy of language. How can we explain the genesis of speech without presupposing speech, reference without presupposing reference, meaning without presupposing meaning? A version of this paradox forms the basis of Quine's attack on the logical empiricist doctrine that logic derives its warrant from conventions of meaning—that logical truths are true and logical inferences are valid by virtue of such conventions. Quine raised the general skeptical question of how conventions of language could be established without preexisting language, as well as calling attention to more specific skeptical circularities. If conventions of logic are to be set up by explicit definition, or by axioms, must we not presuppose logic to unpack those conventions? David Lewis (1969) sought to answer these skeptical doubts within a game theoretical framework in his book, Convention. This account contains fundamental new insights, and I regard it as a major advance in the theory of meaning. Lewis sees a convention as being a special kind of strict Nash equilibrium in a game that models the relevant social interaction. To say that a convention is a Nash equilibrium is to say that if an individual deviates from a convention which others observe, he is no better off for that. To say that it is a strict Nash equilibrium is to say that he is actually worse off. To this, Lewis adds the additional requirement that an individual unilateral deviation makes everyone involved in the social interaction worse off, so that it is in the common interest to avoid such deviations. A theory of convention must answer two fundamental questions: how do we arrive at conventions?, and by virtue of what considerations do conventions remain in force? Within Lewis' game-theoretic setting, these questions become, respectively, the problems of equilibrium selection and equilibrium maintenance. On the face of it, the second problem may seem to have a trivial solution— the equilibrium is maintained because it is an equilibrium! No one has an incentive to deviate.

While 3D Model Geometrical Definition of a Product is quite a mature Technology, extending it to a full authority single Digital Product is still a major challenge especially for complex products such as Aircraft (A/C) and Cars. The real meaning of such definition is one unique Data-Base which includes all required information for all downstream applications during the whole Product Lifecycle, from Design through Manufacturing up to Logistic and Maintenance.

In recent years we have witnessed how technology applied to built heritage has exponentially changed the daily practices of the various experts involved in the life cycle of buildings. The techniques of representation of historical architecture have been able to make use of new 3D survey tools as well as research methods capable of managing a large amount of data while improving the level of information (LOI) and accuracy of the surveyed artefacts. On the other hand, professionals still have to make use of a large number of exchange formats in order to share their digital representations (3D, 2D) and analysis. For this reason, this paper describes the research approach followed to obtain “standard” architectural representations of a heritage building in the Cultural Heritage domain. The word “standard” is used in its original meaning: “something established by authority, custom, or general consent as a model or example” (Collins Dictionary). In this context, 3D models have a primary role in the workflow because its position is in-between the 3D survey techniques that come first and the restoration/maintenance activities. The authors’ thought is that the workflow should be as smooth and sustainable as possible to have an effective standardization and collaboration among disciplines, sectors and technicians working in the different study areas.

The typical plant Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) holds several thousand components tags, although nuclear units may exceed 100,000. “Critical equipment” simplifies equipment selection for PM assessment and prioritizes corrective maintenance. However, critical equipment holds subtle meaning. Complex equipment, multiple failure modes, and multiple systems functional failure effects, can diminish critical equipment value. Applied to failure-preventing tasks, critical terminology should support performance-based preventive maintenance plans. Identifying critical equipment is only the start.

This paper proposes a framework for detecting mechanical degradation online and assessing its effect on the performance of industrial compressors. It consists of a model of the machine in undegraded condition and of a degradation adaptive model. The proposed methodology for online degradation detection differentiates itself from those found in the literature as the undegraded model is not linearized and ambient/inlet conditions are explicitly taken into account. The degradation is modelled through adaptive parameters which are estimated and updated online through the solution of a constrained minimization problem within a moving window. It uses available process measurements of flow, pressures, temperatures and composition. The update of the parameters guarantees the model accuracy and it permits the estimation of the effects of mechanical degradation away from the compressor running line. The performance monitoring framework has been successfully applied on an industrial air centrifugal compressor. It was found that after 3250 hours of operation from the previous maintenance the efficiency and the pressure ratio had dropped approximately 5.5% and 2.5% of their respective undegraded values. Furthermore, it was found that the performance deviations from the baseline depend from the position of the operative point in the performance map. In fact, the pressure ratio drop was lower (2%) and efficiency drop was higher (6%) for lower inlet guide vanes opening whereas pressure ratio drop was higher (3%) and efficiency drop was lower (1.6%) for higher inlet guide vane opening.

BIM uses are complex specific processes in architecture, engineering, construction, and operation mediated by Building Information Modeling technologies. Several initiatives are dedicated to detailing these uses in a standardized way, enumerating and describing them in terms of scope, benefits, process maps, required competencies, associated technology, and theoretical framework. Examples of these efforts are Penn State's Computer Integrated Construction Research Program (MESSNER et al., 2019), buildingSMART (2021), and BIM Excellence Organization (SUCCAR; SALEEB; SHER, 2016). This study presents the approach to educate, evaluate and assist Model Uses using templates (Model Use Templates - MUT) of the BIM Excellence Initiative (BIMe). The BIM use is called Model Use in BIMe terminology. In three years, starting in 2021, the initiative intends to detail all the domain model uses listed by the organization (BIMe, 2020). The domain model uses are organized in the series of capture and representation, planning and design, simulation and quantification, operation and maintenance, monitoring and control of buildings and infrastructures. In terms of domain model uses, there is the linking and extending series of BIM integrated to Facility Management, interfaced with the Internet of Things, linked to Enterprise Resource Planning, etc. The initiative developed a Construction Domain Model Use Template (MUT) and applied it as a demonstration for Clash Detection or MUT 4040. This summary will describe the template, its application to Clash Detection, and guidance on how to transform it into a template class to teach Clash Detection with BIM. The MUT consists of an extended description, software list, activity flow, and bibliography. This content is available in the BIM Dictionary associated with the equivalent term (https://bimdictionary.com/en/clash-detection/1). The extended description includes the corresponding term's definition, the detailed description, purpose, and an available online media-list. The detailed description presents the different types of use (e.g., hard, soft, time-based) and benefits. The software list lists platforms and environments used in the model use development. For each platform or environment, there is a list of the vendor or developer, the corresponding technical functionality, the applicable discipline, the software description, the availability of the software in the cloud or location, differentiation of versions, the link to the official website, the model use code that the software can support, specific functionalities associated with the use and availability of a plugin or extension. The activity flow is described using a process map and details in up to 3 hierarchical levels for each macro activity. All the terminology adopted in the MUT is semantically aligned to the various projects and initiatives of BIM Excellence, bringing consistency to the meaning. In the case of MUT 4040, that is, the application of the template for the model use of Clash Detection, the short description is a “Use of the Model representing the use of 3D Models to coordinate different disciplines (e.g., structures and air-conditioning) and to identify/resolve possible conflicts between virtual elements prior to actual construction or fabrication”. The extended description presents the Clash Detection as automated or semi-automated procedures to identify design errors in 3D models, where objects occupy the same space or are too close to violating spatial restrictions. Time-based interferences are conflicts involving temporary objects that compete for the same space at the same time. The benefits are listed, for example, like better project coordination and quality; conflict reduction in the workplace; acceleration of design and delivery processes; and cost reduction through productivity increase. The available online media does not represent the entire process involved in Clash Detection and are generally restricted to confronting models on specific platforms. We advocate that the activity flow should structure the class of model uses in BIM education. In this way, there is a holistic and representative approach to practice. Thus, we advise escaping this model's understanding in a restricted and instrumental way, as it already occurs in most of the online media found. We propose to organize the class program by the macro stages of the activity flow, covering: (i) creation of the strategy for the clash detection in the project in question; (ii) preparation of specific models for federation; (iii) identification of federation environments or model integration; (iv) federation or integration of models; (v) checks for interference in the federated or integrated model; (vi) analysis of the conflicts identified; and (vii) referral to conflict resolution. The details of each of these activities in the template can guide the teacher on how to proceed or prepare educational content. The bibliography listed in the template covers the theoretical framework to support the class in terms of books, scientific articles, and BIM guides. One can develop the class at the level of graduation, extension, or continuing education. Being an undergraduate class, it can be mandatory or elective. Items (i) to (iii) make up the theoretical part of the class, and the rest are essentially practical content. Thus, two types of competency assessment are possible: knowledge and skills. Knowledge can be developed through discussions and seminars. Skills covered are associated with execution or domain skills, according to Succar, Scher, and Willams (2013). Execution skills are associated with learning model verification platforms and collaboration environments. The execution competence generates an instrumental skill that can be provided through individual online training with tutorials. Domain skills are essentially technical (analysis and simulation) and functional (collaboration). These skills must be instigated in a participatory and collaborative way in practical exercises involving cycles of verification of the federated model and adjustments of complementary projects' models. As a suggestion for support material, the teacher should prepare a dataset including models with errors in file naming disobeying conventions, errors in the control elements impacting the overlapping of models, errors of omission or duplication of elements in the models, and errors of data schema in terms of categorization of elements and classification of content. The models must also include issues of all types (hard, soft, and temporal interferences). Errors must be plausible to be identified by different types of verification: visual or script. YouTube presentation: https://youtu.be/cMPaw_kOZtQ

Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for rolling element bearings is an imperative part for preventive maintenance procedures and reliability improvement of rotating machines. When a localized fault occurs at the early stage of real bearing failures, the impulses generated by the defect are relatively weak and usually overwhelmed by large noise and other higher-level macro-structural vibrations generated by adjacent machine components and machines. To indicate the bearing faulty state as early as possible, it is necessary to develop an effective signal processing method for extracting the weak bearing signal from a vibration signal containing multiple vibration sources. The ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method inherits the advantage of the popular empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and can adaptively decompose a multi-component signal into a number of different bands of simple signal components. However, the energy dispersion and many redundant components make the decomposition result obtained by the EEMD losing the physical significance. In this paper, to enhance the decomposition performance of the EEMD method, the similarity criterion and the corresponding combination technique are proposed to determine the similar signal components and then generate the real mono-component signals. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is applied to analyze raw vibration signals collected from two faulty bearings, each of which involves more than one vibration sources. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately extract the bearing feature signal; meanwhile, it makes the physical meaning of each IMF clear.

Every Spring and Summer, thousands of hikers attempt to summit Mt. Rainier. Many of those hikers stop at Camp Muir, a base camp at 10,000 feet, where they can use restrooms, camp overnight, or refill water bottles before continuing their climb. Camp Muir currently uses a gas system to melt snow into potable water, requiring a tank of propane to be flown by helicopter to the camp at the beginning of each season. This system is costly and not environmentally-friendly. International Mountain Guides (IMG), one group who organizes trips in small groups, wants to replace this water production system with one that incorporates green energy. This publication examines possible designs of a new snow-melting device, describes the selected design, and outlines future testing and evaluation. Several models were considered in the design process that use readily available resources and provide constant power output. During hiking season, Camp Muir is often clear and sunny but can have high winds, meaning solar and wind energy are viable options as energy sources. However, wind speeds could be fast enough at high altitudes to damage a small device, resulting in solar energy as the selected power method. Since water production could not be limited by environmental conditions like cloudy weather, the device was designed to convert and store electrical energy. The current design of the device is portable, utilizes one solar-electric cell, and increases efficiency by recirculating melted water in addition to directly heating the snow. It requires minimal interaction and maintenance by the user. Solar-PV panels are used with rechargeable batteries to provide a constant source of power any time of day. Charged batteries are connected to the heating tank. Then, users fill the tank with snow and close the lid. The battery connects to a heating device that melts contacting snow. The melted snow is then recirculated using a pump over the top of the remaining snow. A filter with larger grating is used in the tank to filter larger debris, such as sticks and small stones, while a hand pump with a finer filter is used to both clean and extract the produced water. Early prototypes of the device are currently being constructed, tested, and evaluated. The first renditions of this design will be analyzed to ensure that they meet the desired water output using the available power input from the solar panels. The final device will be completed in September of 2013.