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1
Pye, Clifton. "A METAPHORICAL THEORY OF MEANING." Linguistik Indonesia 35, no. 1 (February 25, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v35i1.52.
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Languages combine form and meaning in order to express an infinite number of ideas. Modern linguistics has developed sophisticated methods to probe the formal structure of languages from phonetics to syntax, but the study of meaning remains relatively unexplored. The lack of sophisticated methods to document the semantic structure of languages remains a significant problem for work with endangered languages. Research in semantics is limited by semantic theories that can be traced back to Plato and Aristotle. These theories assume that languages use a universal set of semantic elements to construct meaning. The classical theories cannot account for semantic change and an explanation of metaphor is completely beyond the scope of such theories. In this paper I propose a theory of semantics that puts metaphor at the center of semantics. Rather than create an artificial dichotomy between figurative and non-figurative language, the metaphorical approach to semantics assumes that all languages are figurative. This approach assumes that a basic sentence as “The cat is on the mat” combines figurative language with pragmatic information to communicate a basic proposition. This approach differs from that of Lakoff (1993) in that its focus is on metaphoric mapping within cognitive domains rather than between domains. The trick in metaphorical semantics is to learn how to detect the metaphors used in basic linguistic expressions and to construct a theory of semantics based on metaphor.
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Kussmaul, Paul. "Semantic Models and Translating." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.6.1.02kus.
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Abstract This paper examines the relevance of three semantic models for translation. Structural semantics, more specifically semantic feature analysis, has given rise to the maxim that we should translate "bundles of semantic features". Prototype semantics suggests that word-meanings have cores and fuzzy edges which are influenced by culture. For translation this means that we do not necessarily translate bundles of features but have to decide whether to focus on the core or the fuzzy edges of the meaning of a particular word. Scenesand-frames semantics suggests that word meaning is influenced by context and the situation we are in. Word-meaning is thus not static but dynamic, and it is this dynamism which should govern our decisions as translators.
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Jati, Raden Risman. "SEMANTICS IN OBEY CLOTHING T-SHIRT DISCOURSE: A STUDY OF SEMANTICS." Apollo Project: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Sastra Inggris 8, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/apollo.v8i2.2110.
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In this study, it is analyzed lexical meaning in a text of written language which is applied on Obey’s T-shirt. These meanings furthermore constructed descriptive interpretations. The theory used in this study is theories of lexical semantics in Mansoer Pateda (2010). Reseach method in this study is descriptive analysis which is conducted by using analytic approach and operational approach of lexical meaning. This approach includes meaning component segmentation and lexical meaning analysis. The result of this study which is conducted on eight product samples is that each product has its own characteristic which can be constructed through interpretation based on lexical meaning of each entity in the product. The lexical meaning which is analyzed is capable to construct meaning related to the object outside the language. Both meaning, lexical and cognitive meanings are able to construct an interpretation as a meaning representation of a text as a whole part.
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Romadlani, Muhammad Masqotul Imam. "A Manipulation of Semantic Meanings as a Humor Construction Strategy." Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 15, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v15i2.28637.
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This research is conducted to reveal how humorous utterances are constructed by manipulating semantic meaning especially dealing with lexical semantics. Lexical semantics provides multiple meanings that portray their meanings’ relationship among a word and they are potentially exploited to elicit humor. This research examines utterances manipulating lexical semantics as the strategy of humor creation in Mind Your Language situation comedy. Applying a descriptive qualitative approach, the findings indicate that five types of lexical semantics are utilized as strategies of humorous utterances creation. Those types of lexical semantics are polysemy, homonymy, homophone, hyponymy, dan synonymy. Because of their multiple relation meanings, the speaker can refer to other meanings to construct different meanings with the hearer. The speaker constructs an incongruent meaning between what the hearer’s perception is and what the speaker meant. The deviation of lexical semantics between the hearer and the speaker completely illustrates the concept of incongruity theory of humor.
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Dor, Daniel. "From the autonomy of syntax to the autonomy of linguistic semantics." Pragmatics and Cognition 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 325–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.8.2.03dor.
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Current research on the syntax-semantics interface demonstrates the dramatic extent to which syntactic structures constitute transparent reflections of well-defined semantic regularities. As this paper shows, the empirical results accumulated within this framework strongly suggest that a theoretical distinction should be made between two distinct levels of meaning representation: A level of conceptual meaning on the one hand, and a uniquely linguistic level of meaning — Linguistic Semantics — on the other. The semantic notions and regularities which turn out to determine major syntactic phenomena are best interpreted as belonging to the level of Linguistic Semantics, rather than to the level of conceptual meaning. This view helps characterize language as a unique and functional system — a cognitive system whose function is defined at the level of Linguistic Semantics. It explains the fact, most recently highlighted by Levinson (1997), that the expressive power of language, as a tool for the communication of meanings, is constrained in non-trivial ways.
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Boasiako, Albert Antwi. "What “the Semantic Sieve” Determines in the Process of Translation." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 17, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2019-17-2-176-195.
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Semantics is meaning communicated through language (Saeed I.J.). Semantics is the study of relationship between words and their meanings; it is directly linked with the conceptual meaning of words, and the associative meaning. Semantic sieve as a concept is an innovative phenomenon. This linguistic phenomenon is a process whereby a word is dispersed through a semantic tunnel which in some cases produces different meaning. This is explained through different models. The semantic sieve is related to translation, where the deep structure of words differs from the surface structure. There are some concepts and words in Akan and English that are absent in Russian, others are known in Akan but virtually absent in the English language.
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Boasiako, Albert Antwi. "What “the Semantic Sieve” Determines in the Process of Translation." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 17, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2020-17-2-176-195.
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Semantics is meaning communicated through language (Saeed I.J.). Semantics is the study of relationship between words and their meanings; it is directly linked with the conceptual meaning of words, and the associative meaning. Semantic sieve as a concept is an innovative phenomenon. This linguistic phenomenon is a process whereby a word is dispersed through a semantic tunnel which in some cases produces different meaning. This is explained through different models. The semantic sieve is related to translation, where the deep structure of words differs from the surface structure. There are some concepts and words in Akan and English that are absent in Russian, others are known in Akan but virtually absent in the English language.
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Kozlov, Ivan M., and Elena S. Kuznetsova. "Semantic Differences between Verb-Nominal Collocations and Corresponding Verbs (As Exemplified by Collocations with Verbs Ispytyvat’ / Ispytat’)." Vestnik NSU. Series: History, Philology 20, no. 9 (December 6, 2021): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-9-68-74.
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The following article focuses on semantical differences of verbal-nominal descriptive predicates constructed by verbs ispytyvat’ / ispytat’ from their lexically adequate verbal correlates. The Russian linguistic tradition describes such collocations as verbal periphrasis, and this leads to a misjudgment of their semantical particularity. Our main goal is to describe the differences due to state semantical independence of the collocations from the verbs.
The study showed that an emotional state described by descriptive predicates with verbs ispytyvat’ / ispytat’ presupposes no explication, which differs them from some lexically adequate verbal correlates. It reveals an intra-subject nature of their semantics that can be manifested in a specific actant structure or in its implementation. It is also worth noting their semantic complexity and an important role of verbal component: different meanings of the verbal component cause different semantics of whole collocation even with the same nominal one. Thus, particular meaning of a nominal component and of a verbal one makes up semantics of a whole construction.
Many types and examples of semantical discrepancy between the verbal-nominal descriptive predicates and their lexically adequate verbal correlates leads to the necessity of describing their semantics departed from the verbal correlates’ meaning and of the refusal to consider them as means of verbal periphrasis.
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Sinha, Chris, and Tania Kuteva. "Distributed Spatial Semantics." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 18, no. 2 (December 1995): 167–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500000159.
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The “local semantics” approach to the analysis of the meaning of locative particles (e.g. spatial prepositions) is examined, criticized and rejected. An alternative, distributed approach to spatial relational semantics and its linguistic expression is argued for. In the first part of the paper, it is argued that spatial relational semantic information is not exclusively carried in languages such as English by the locative particle, and that “item-specific meanings plus selectional restrictions” cannot save the localist approach. In the second part of the paper, the “covertly” distributed spatial relational semantics of languages such as English is contrasted with the “overtly” distributed spatial relational semantics characterizing many other languages. Some common assumptions relating to the universality of the expression of spatial relational meaning by closed syntactic classes are criticized. A change of perspective from “local” to “distributed” semantics permits the re-analysis of polysemy and item-bound “use-type” in terms of the distributed expression of language-specific spatial relational semantic types.
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Usmonova, Donoxon. "SEMANTIC CHANGE OF VERB MEANING." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-11-32.
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Semantic change refers to any change in the word meaning and that change happens over the course of many years. Semantic change is studied in historical linguistics and semantics also it is called by different names as semantic shift, lexical change, semantic progression and there are many types of semantic changes amelioration, pejoration, broadening, semantic narrowing, bleaching, metaphor and metonymy. Language learner’s also causes to semantic change while interpreting the expression or words because people have different background, diverse nations have diverse culture. In this article some features of the semantic progression of verbs are explained.
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Lõbus, Triin. "Võimalikkus hispaania keele modaalverbi poder ja eesti keele modaalverbide semantikas. Tõlkevastete analüüs." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 125–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2016.7.2.06.
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Kokkuvõte. Artiklis uuritakse episteemilist modaalsust hispaania ja eesti keele võimalikkusmodaalverbide semantikas. Võrdlus lähtub hispaania keele modaalverbist poder, vaadeldes selle episteemilise kasutuse tõlkevasteid ilukirjandusteostes. Analüüsi aluseks on episteemilise modaalsuse tähendusala täpsem määratlemine. Prototüüpset kõnelejakeskset (subjektiivset) võimalikkushinnangut eristatakse objektiivsest situatsioonilisest võimalikkusest, mis on episteemilise/mitte-episteemilise modaalsuse piiripealne vaheaste. See eristus võimaldab modaalverbide tähendusalasid paremini eritleda ja omavahel kontrastiivses vaates suhestada, kirjeldada episteemilise võimalikkuse semantikat modaaltähenduste kontiinumi skaalal selle olemuslikus seoses mitte-episteemiliste tähendusvaldkondadega ning vaadelda modaalverbe neile omase mitmetähenduslikkuse perspektiivist. Prototüüpne episteemiline tähendus esineb nii poder’i kui ka võima semantikas sulamina koos objektiivse situatsioonilise tähendusega ning näib analüüsitud materjali põhjal olevat viimase kõrval nõrgem tähendus. Samas näib subjektiivsel hinnangulisusel olevat võima semantikas suurem roll kui poder’i puhul. Saama semantikas panen prototüüpse episteemilise tähenduse kahtluse alla; saama näib ühemõtteliselt väljendavat objektiivset situatsioonilist võimalikkust. Pakun välja, et objektiivsus määratleb saama semantikat ka laiemas modaaltähenduste skaalas: võimalikkust ei väljendata tegevusosalise agentiivsuse (või kõneleja subjektiivsuse) keskselt – nagu võima puhul –, vaid situatsiooni asjaolude perspektiivist.Abstract. Triin Lõbus: Possibility in the semantics of the Spanish modal verb poder and the Estonian modal verbs saama and võima. Analysis of translation equivalents. This article deals with epistemic modality in the semantics of the modal verbs of possibility in Spanish and Estonian. The contrastive analysis is centred on the Spanish modal verb poder in its epistemic use and explores the translation equivalences appearing in a corpus of literary texts. The analysis is based on a narrower definition of the semantic domain of epistemic modality. The prototypical speaker-oriented (subjective) modality judgement is differentiated from the objective situational possibility, the last one being a border case between the areas of epistemic and nonepistemic modality. This distinction makes it possible to better differentiate between different meaning areas of the modal verbs and to establish their relationships to each other in a contrastive perspective, to describe the semantics of the epistemic possibility along the continuum of modal meanings in its inherent connection with non-epistemic meaning areas, and to observe the modal verbs from the perspective of the semantic ambiguity characteristic of them. In the semantics of poder as well as of võima, prototypical epistemic meaning merges with the objective situational meaning and, according to the material analysed here, seems to be the less prominent of the two meanings. At the same time, the meaning of a subjective judgement seems to have a more important part in the semantics of võima compared to that of poder. As for saama, the prototypical epistemic meaning is called into question here: saama seems to unequivocally express objective situational possibility. The article suggests that objectivity is what also defines the semantics of saama in a wider range of modal meanings: in case of saama possibility is not expressed as participant’s agentivity (or speaker’s subjectivity) oriented but as conceptualized from the perspective of situational circumstances.Keywords: epistemic modality; possibility; subjectivity; modal verbs; Estonian, Spanish
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Syarifuddin, Salmia, and Irmawaty Hasyim. "SEMANTIC ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL HANDBOOKS." British (Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris) 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/british.9.1.1-12.2020.
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This paper aims to uncover semantics meaning found in the literary work in the English handbook of high school using a semantic approach. This study applied a descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study were phrases, sentences, and clauses that allegedly contain implicit and explicit meanings. The literary work analyzed were taken from three (3) handbooks for high school student. The results of the study showed the discovery of various types of semantic meanings in literary works found in the English handbook as teaching materials. The types of semantics meaning found in the English Handbook for high school were literal and non-literal meaning. These meanings did not appear together in one literary work, but it is spread in the literary works found in the English handbooks.
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Polzin, Thomas, and Hannes Rieser. "Parsing with Situation Semantics." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 2 (December 1991): 141–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500002432.
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This paper integrates several related lines of research in an implemented model. Its main aim is to show how principles of situation semantics concerning meanings, constraints and the preferred ontology can be represented and mapped onto expressions of natural language in a straightforward way. For assembling larger chunks of information a unification-based approach is used. The semantics is grafted upon a shift- reduce parser which does the main work in associating expressions with meanings. In order to capture the much debated difference between sentence and utterance meaning the whole machinery provides first an abstract meaning (conceived as a constraint) where the parameters are non-anchored. Subsequently, a model in the technical sense provides anchors for parameters and thus yields the utterance meaning of the sentence parsed. Finally, it is checked whether this semantic representation of the parsing result can be regarded as a genuine situation semantic object. This is done by showing that it confirms to the axioms of a situation theoretic model. As a result, parses are far more constrained and theory-guided than usual. The idea of parsing used goes back to work originally done by Barwise and Perry, the coding of semantic entities owes much to proposals issued by K. Devlin and D. Westerdåhl. The whole model is implemented in PROLOG
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Alamgeer, Hassan, Zoulfiqar Ali, and Muhammad Iftikhar. "SYNTAX OR SEMANTICS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.536.
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The aim and purpose of this study was to investigate whether semantics was more important for a language or syntax. In other words, it is proposed to know whether meaning is more important for a language or structure. It aimed to investigate why semantics or syntax has more importance and how. This study was proposed to answer the research questions that how and why semantics is comparatively more important than syntax for a language. The research was conducted to analyze both the domains comparatively and analytically. The findings suggest that semantics is more important for a language because meaning is both internal and external to language unlike structure which is internal to language as the world and the context rely on the words and the text. Furthermore, the findings suggest that semantics is preferred over syntax because the violated categories of syntax have a potential to convey a meaning whereas the ambiguous meaning can result in the failure of cooperative communication. The common syntactic patterns of the languages e.g. SOV, VSO and SVO can still make the meanings clear if they are not patterned appropriately except for some cases according to the findings. The findings illustrate that the assumptions of semantics have more potential to be focused than syntactic elements. The results suggest that semantics fits into usefulness of language in real life unlike syntax which is an internal reality of a language. Accordingly, meaning is concerned with linguistic and non-linguistic elements whereas structure deals with only linguistic elements. Semantics gained importance because semantics has more significance in comparison with syntax in language comprehension and in terms of semantic characteristics. Keywords: Semantics, Syntax, Structure, Meaning, Language, Importance, Comparison.
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Cozma, Ana-Maria. "On the discursive construction of the multiple meanings of francophonie/francophone viewed through the prism of argumentative semantics." Kalbotyra 74 (September 15, 2021): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kalbotyra.2021.74.3.
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This paper addresses the issue of polysemy, and more precisely of multiple meanings in the case of the words francophonie/francophone from the perspective of argumentative semantics. The aim of the paper is to examine the mechanisms that account for the multiple meanings of francophonie/francophone, i.e. the semantic and discursive mechanisms involved in the (re)construction of lexical meaning as the words occur in discourse. The data analysed in this paper consists of a set of discourse fragments about francophone identity, discourses that vary according to the speaker, the geographical location and the media support. The study is carried out within the framework of the SAP theory (Semantics of Argumentative Possibilities), following a procedure based on a pre-built reference meaning – i.e. a description of the argumentative potential of the lexeme – that will be used when analysing the discursive occurrences. First, the paper briefly presents the SAP theory and the pre-built reference meaning of the lexemes francophonie/francophone (described in terms of core-elements, stereotypes and argumentative possibilities). It then illustrates several discursive mechanisms of meaning construction. The analysis highlights a series of meaning construction mechanisms: transgressive activation of the argumentative potential, reconfiguration by scission of the core-elements or by deletion of one of the elements, modality addition, transgressive reconstruction of the core meaning, and finally core circularity. Thus, the paper indicates, from the perspective of argumentative semantics, that the multiple meanings of the words francophonie/francophone, i.e. the various semantic configurations attached to these words, can be seen as reconfigurations of a single lexical meaning.
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Yunira, Sandra, Siska Pradina, Mathilda Sumbayak, Nunung Susilo Putri, and Tatum Derin. "Re-Visits the Grand Theory of Geoffrey Leech: Seven Types of Meaning." REiLA: Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 1, no. 3 (December 29, 2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i3.3577.
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Meaning is the field of the study discussed in the semantic field. Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words in languages. This present study would like to set thought and argues that the meaning of a word in language can be known with the foundation of semantic perspective. Therefore, this present study focused on explaining its thought based on the seven types of meaning and their descriptions in the book of Semantics by Geoffrey Leech: 1981. The research aims to classify and to identify seven types of meanings, and also to analyze Leech’s book and three article reviews of his theory. This present study uses a qualitative approach focusing on the words, phrases, and sentences regarding the theory. The result of this research believes that there are seven types of meaning just as Leech’s mentioned in his theory, namely conceptual, connotative, collocative, reflective, affective, social, and thematic. This present study also found that the seven types of meaning have variations in their descriptions which somehow liked to connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collocative meaning include to associative meaning.
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Kolesnikova, Ekaterina I. "The Problem of Describing the Gender Specificity of Word Semantics." Journal of Psycholinguistic, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2021-47-1-140-147.
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The article discusses the theoretical problems of describing the semantics of a word, considers the possibility of using the data of a psycholinguistic experiment in describing the word meaning. The article considers gender characteristics of the specifics of the word semantics. The stimulus word meanings are interpreted according to the results of a psycholinguistic experiment as a result of semantic interpretation. It is through the analysis of the semantics of the word child that a model for describing the psycholinguistic meaning of the word is presented. An example of an entry in a psycholinguistic gender explanatory dictionary is presented, it is based on the results of a free associative experiment. Before the dictionary entry analysis, there are gender associative fields obtained from the results of the experiment. Male and female psycholinguistic meanings with generalized reaction semes are indicated. The dictionary entry of the gender dictionary is presented in the form of a comparative table with two columns - the psycholinguistic formulation of the female meaning and the psycholinguistic formulation of the male meaning. The results obtained indicate the presence of gender features of the specificity of the word semantics in the linguistic consciousness of men and women, the need to create a new type of vocabulary.
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Evteeva, M. Yu. "THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE WORD: POLYSEMY VS BROAD SEMANTIC WORD." Humanities And Social Studies In The Far East 18, no. 1 (2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31079/1992-2868-2021-18-1-28-36.
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The paper deals with the modeling of the semantic structure of polysemantic and broad semantic words. The article suggests determining meanings of polysemantic words as lexical-semantic variants that potentially can be united by means of the invariant meaning though not obligatory for the semantic structure of such words – the invariant meaning of a polysemantic word is seen as something artificial. I argue that it is possible to construct the semantic structure of the broad semantic word on the basis of prototypical meanings which are interpreted as basic meanings. Such prototypical meanings are to be united by the use of a broad invariant meaning. This approach is applied while describing the semantics of the nuclear verbs in the action field (do and make in English, tun and machen in German, делать in Russian). Both types of meanings play a critical role in organizing the semantic structure of the broad semantic words: there is a single invariant while there can be more than one prototype, so that an invariant and definite prototype value is realised in speech. In addition the existence of interdependence of semantic derivation between prototypes and within the meaning itself is assumed. There can be a lot of semantic transfers, but they occur based on a regular cognitive model such as cognitive metaphor and cognitive metonymy. For example, the prototypical meanings of the verbs to do and to make remain the same while the nature of the object changes. Based on the conducted research, a new definition of a broad semantic phenomenon is offered along with distinctive criteria for the phenomena of poly- and broad semantics.
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Makhaev, Mairbek R., and Iosif A. Sternin. "Investigation of the semantics of the proper name as a phenomenon of linguistic consciousness (according to psycholinguistic experiments)." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 2(2021) (June 25, 2021): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2021-2-228-239.
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This article deals with the problem of the semantics of proper names. It is stated that onyms, in addition to lexicographic meanings recorded in toponymic dictionaries, also have psycholinguistic meanings. Lexicographic meanings are traditionally described in dictionaries in accordance with the principle of reductionism, which involves minimizing the features included in the meaning with a limited volume of the dictionary entry. Numerous experiments have allowed us to discover a new kind of meaning, which we call psycholinguistic. Psycholinguistic meaning is a meaning that is actually represented in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers of a particular language. The psycholinguistic meaning is identified and described in accordance with the algorithm developed by us in 5 stages: 1) conducting psycholinguistic experiments 2) constructing associative fields of word-stimuli, which are a set of associative responses to verbal stimuli, ordered in descending order of frequency, obtained during psycholinguistic experiments 3) semantic interpretation of associative fields and identification of semantic components 4) sememic attribution of semes and the formulation of the final psycholinguistic meaning 5) contrastive analysis, it includes a comparison of regional variants of psycholinguistic meanings. In this article, this algorithm is described by analyzing the semantics of the toponym “Voronezh”. The psycholinguistic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh” was revealed as a result of semantic interpretation of the data obtained during psycholinguistic experiments in Voronezh and Grozny. The brightness indices of semantic components and sememes, according to which their field affiliation is determined, are calculated. False semes were detected. A comparative analysis of regional (Voronezh and Grozny) variants of meanings with each other, as well as with the lexicographic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh”, recorded in the dictionary of E. M. Pospelov, is carried out.
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Gridina, Natalie. "Exploring Meaning: Verb Semantics and Quality." Journal of Language and Education 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2016-2-3-45-53.
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This paper examines the syntagmemic structure of verbs and their correlations with their logical-semantic quality drawing on the methods of componential analysis and morphothemic analysis proposed by A.I. Fefilov. The former approach helps us to single out the word standard semes, which are fixed in a language, whereas the latter is particularly useful in studying the nature of word semantics, its structure, and correlation with the concept and category of thought. Our research suggests that the method of morphothemic analysis provides a complex, multifaceted, in-depth analysis of the semantic structure of the verb.One hypothesis raised by the study is that the verb reveals the processual peculiarities of the quality. The logical-semantic quality is fixed in verb semantics in terms of its propositional relations, which are implicit in a verb. The results show that the quality represented by a verb is concomitant as it goes together with relationality, the main component of a verb syntagmeme. Our research studied the effect of the verbal part of speech categorization on the manifestation of quality in a language. The work provides new insights into the semantic structure of language units, exploring for the first time the logical and semantic qualities of verbs, which were subjected to a systematic morphothematic analysis. A further study could address the comparative investigation of the category of quality in different languages in terms of its translation. Additionally, this would enable an identification of the main trends of representing quality with the help of a verb in different languages and would distinguish a new unconventional syntagmeme that changes and modifies the category of quality in speech and consequently find out the ways in which a language determines categories of thought.
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Amenta, Simona, Fritz Günther, and Marco Marelli. "A (distributional) semantic perspective on the processing of morphologically complex words." Semantics and Psychology of Complex Words 15, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.00014.ame.
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Abstract While morphemes are theoretically defined as linguistic units linking form and meaning, semantic effects in morphological processing are not reported consistently in the literature on derived and compound words. The lack of consistency in this line of research has often been attributed to methodological differences between studies or contextual effects. In this paper, we advance a different proposal where semantic effects emerge quite consistently if semantics is defined in a dynamic and flexible way, relying on distributional semantics approaches. In this light, we revisit morphological processing, taking a markedly cognitive perspective, as allowed by models that focus on morphology as systematic meaning transformation or that focus on the mapping between the orthographic form of words and their meanings.
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AL-NAIMI, Fatma. "THE MEANING OF THE CONTEXT IN SURAT AL-MURSALAT." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 4, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.17.18.
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This research deals with Surat al-Mursalat and its study is a contextual semantic study, where the research tries to answer a major question about the semantic and contextual impact of the surah of the messengers of the Holy Qur'an, Qur'anic studies have taken an important place among linguistic and semantic studies; because of their link with the Holy Quran and its place in the souls of people, and semantic studies are one of these studies; for its importance in revealing the meanings of the text and the semantics of its words, and this research came to show the significance of the context in Surat al-Mursalat and related to it in the Qur'anic context and the semantics that emerged from it, and opinions Scientists and interpreters about it and the statement of the differences of its semantics lexically, grammatically, morphologically, and contextually. Key words: Significance, Context, in Surah, Al-Mursalat
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Jakautama, Kharisma Dinata, and Muhammad Rayhan Bustam. "DENOTATIVE AND CONNOTATIVE MEANING IN THE SENTENCE OF “YOU GOT ME FEELING LIKE A PSYCHO” AS THE LINE OF RED VELVET SONG LYRIC." MAHADAYA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 2, no. 2 (October 29, 2022): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/mhd.v2i2.7803.
Full textAbstract:
The research with the title as ‘Dennotative and Connotative Meaning in the Sentence of “You got me feeling like a psycho” as The Line of Red Velvet Song Lyric’ uses data taken from a song "Psycho" which was popularized by Red Velvet by using one of the linguistic studies, especially in the scope of semantics analyzed by the author. This case is interesting to study, especially on the meaning of the sentence "You got me feeling like a psycho". An interesting semantic study to analyze includes several understandings. Understanding the meaning which includes how the context of the sentence is then understanding the connotative and denotative meanings contained in it.
Keyword: Semantics, Lyric, Linguistics, Psycho
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Jenset, Gard B. "Mapping meaning with distributional methods." Journal of Historical Linguistics 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 272–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.3.2.04jen.
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The semantics of existential there is discussed in a diachronic, corpus-based perspective. While previous studies of there have been qualitative or relied on interpreting relative frequencies directly, the present study combines multivariate statistical techniques with linguistic theory through distributional semantics. It is argued that existential uses of there in earlier stages of English were not semantically empty, and that the original meaning was primarily deictic rather than locative. This analysis combines key insights from previous studies of existential there with a Construction Grammar perspective, and discusses some methodological concerns regarding statistical methods for creating computational semantic maps from diachronic corpus data.
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HUTTON, GRAHAM, and JOEL WRIGHT. "What is the meaning of these constant interruptions?" Journal of Functional Programming 17, no. 6 (November 2007): 777–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796807006363.
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AbstractAsynchronous exceptions, orinterrupts, are important for writing robust, modular programs, but are traditionally viewed as being difficult from a semantic perspective. In this article, we present a simple, formally justified, semantics for interrupts. Our approach is to show how a high-level semantics for interrupts can be justified with respect to a low-level implementation, by means of a compiler and its correctness theorem. In this manner we obtain two different perspectives on the problem, formally shown to be equivalent, which gives greater confidence in the correctness of our semantics.
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Shliakhova, Galina I. "Lexico-semantic sphere of mentality in poetic texts of Igor-Severyanin." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 63 (2022): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-63-208-220.
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The paper highlights the development of mental semantics in polysemic words in Igor Severyanin`s poetry. The vocabulary of the mental sphere is studied by Russian and foreign scientists, specialists in the field of semantics and related disciplines, since it is through its use that the worldview of nations and their representatives, native speakers, is reflected in language. Frequent use of a word’s figurative mental meaning in language makes such a lexico-semantic variant (LSV) commonplace, and leads to the fixation of this new seme in the explanatory dictionary. However, fictional (especially poetic) speech is characterized by greater variability of meanings. Via the author's word use in poems, words that do not have a common mental meaning develop a new semantics existing in a specific context. Severyanin is a poet who assigns an important place to the mental sphere vocabulary in his works, which makes them quite illustrative. Some words that do not have a mental seme according to their dictionary meanings acquire it in context and turn out to be the author's means of artistic expression and semantic neologisms. In a number of other cases, the opposite phenomenon is observed: in the context lexemes lose their usual mental meaning.
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TÜRK, Osman, and Fatma KOÇ. "SUMMARY OF SENTENCE IN TURKISH IN THE EXAMPLE OF THE." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 05 (June 1, 2021): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.5-3.33.
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It’s not very assertive to state that meaning is the core of language. Humanbeing has been within the transfer since its existence. The fact we say “ language” and linguistic communacation are the transfer of meaning from one mind to the other. Meaning occurs between the speaker/listener and the writer/ reader. The language whic relates between these binary provider the transfer of meaning with itself. Semantics tries to describe what the meaning is and what it depends of during this transfer process. Beside the meaning of the semantics one bye one, sentences also have meanings that state integretedly. The branch that semantics is into sentences is called as sentence semantics. The short story called “ Karga Yavrusu” which is written by Memduh Şevket Esendal contributes to sentence semantics in Turkish in terms of its sentences.
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Yerznkyan, Yelena, and Lusine Harutyunyan. "On Some Criteria for Defining Lexical Semantics." Armenian Folia Anglistika 6, no. 1-2 (7) (October 15, 2010): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2010.6.1-2.055.
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The article examines the two major types of word meaning – broad meaning and polysemy. An attempt is made to define the standards which will make the distinction between these complicated, extremely indefinite and at times partly or fully coinciding phenomena possible. The research demonstrates that broad-meaning and polysemantic words differ from each other not only functionally and semantically, but also with their semantic structure which is the direct outcome of the historical process of the change of meanings. In case of broad meaning words, there are more meanings since the number of the denotators of the latter is not limited. Rather, it is predetermined by its theoretically possible subtexts whereas the number of the meanings of the polysemantic words is determined by the number of the denotators fixed by itself.
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Eremin, A. N. "On the Syncretism in Lexical Semantics." Russian language at school 81, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-3-79-82.
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The article deals with the questions of syncretism in lexical semantics of words belonging to different parts of speech in two aspects: the syncretism of properties of lexical meanings and the syncretism of lexical meanings. Three types of nomination meanings are singled out: 1) nomination meaning oriented on either a person or an animal, or an object (nomination of one denotative area); 2) evaluative meaning which is simultaneously oriented on a person, animal and an object (characterizing three denotative areas); nomination evaluative meaning oriented on one denotative area naming and characterizing it at the same time. The article provides examples of the syncretism of direct and metonymic, several metonymic, direct and metaphoric, metonymic and metaphoric meanings. Theoretical issues are illustrated by examples from fiction. The author’ observations are focused both on general theoretical issues of semantics and on the practice of teaching vocabulary at schools or institutes of higher education.
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Liu, Limin, and Qiao Huang. "Gongsun Longzi’s “Form”: Minimal Word Meaning." Forum for Linguistic Studies 2, no. 1 (October 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/fls.v2i1.1200.
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Inspired by Gongsun Longzi’s “form-naming” idea about word meaning, this paper argues that 1) the internal lexicon contains only the list of word-meaning pairs, with no additional information either as part of word meaning or as a structural level above it; 2) the meaning of word is a minimal C-Form, the identifying conceptual meaning that individuates a concept; 3) C-Form is the interface between word meaning and concept meaning; and 4) a sentence has a minimal semantic content, consisting of the minimal meanings of the words composing it, which is propositional and truth-evaluable, and contextual elements contribute nothing to the meaning of language expressions. This paper adheres to semantic minimalism, believing meanwhile that meaning holism helps in semantics inquiry, since reflection on language meaning differs from language meaning itself.
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Ginting, Rosita, Leman Sembiring, Joy Sembiring, and Sugihana Sembiring. "The Description and Documentation of the Karonese Semantic." Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana 26, no. 2 (September 27, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ling.2019.v26.i02.p01.
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The research, recording, and documentation of Karonese Semantic is an attempt to re-identify the types of word meaning, meaning relation, meaning change and meaning of names in Karonese. The semantics of Karo language is a type of communication that reflects the cultural values ??of the region, and is a part of the national culture. The Karonese sematic needs to be done in an attempt to recapture as clear information as possible about the types, relationships and changes in the meaning and meaning of names in Karonese. Semantics, which is a science of meanings of words, helps to answer it. To get research data in the form of descriptive qualitative, we applied an observation method with the technique of involment and communication, a method of interview with the recording and noting down technique, and a method of documentation with noting down technique. The results are presented in narrative form theory with structural analysis.
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Pavlick, Ellie. "Semantic Structure in Deep Learning." Annual Review of Linguistics 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-031120-122924.
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Deep learning has recently come to dominate computational linguistics, leading to claims of human-level performance in a range of language processing tasks. Like much previous computational work, deep learning–based linguistic representations adhere to the distributional meaning-in-use hypothesis, deriving semantic representations from word co-occurrence statistics. However, current deep learning methods entail fundamentally new models of lexical and compositional meaning that are ripe for theoretical analysis. Whereas traditional distributional semantics models take a bottom-up approach in which sentence meaning is characterized by explicit composition functions applied to word meanings, new approaches take a top-down approach in which sentence representations are treated as primary and representations of words and syntax are viewed as emergent. This article summarizes our current understanding of how well such representations capture lexical semantics, world knowledge, and composition. The goal is to foster increased collaboration on testing the implications of such representations as general-purpose models of semantics.
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Kolychev, P. M. "Ontology of Semantics in Information Technologies." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2020-24-2-262-275.
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The article analyzes ontological possibilities of the meaning of information setting. For this, a modern approach of information technologies is considered in relation to setting the meaning of textual information. At the same time, the problem of setting the meaning of number and the meaning of word (text) is formulated, which is discussed from the perspective of an ontological approach based on the solution of the problem of being, where the ontology of semantics is the result of such a solution. As the ontology itself, a relational ontology is chosen, the initial position of which is the thesis: “to be” means “to be distinctive”. Based on this, information is defined as the result of ontological distinction, which allows mathematical formalization through the operation of subtraction, which expresses the essence of ontological distinction. This in turn allows to build constantly a numerical order of the meanings of any information, including textual, while the meaning of the information is its place in such a numerical range. Such a method, called Relational method, leads to an exact numerical specification of the meaning of any information, and by dignity of this numerical form, the meanings of any information can be easily input into a computer with subsequent processing and operation of these senses.
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Abdulghany, Suzan Saadulla, and Hazhar Hussein Wali. "Pragmatic Meaning-based within the Encyclopedic Meaning Frame." Halabja University Journal 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10388.
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Language items are neither limited to those expressions that merely form larger structures than themselves nor merely consist of the forms that imply specific concrete meanings, but they are rather borne with the personal thoughts, feelings, emotions, experiences, visions as well as the social and cultural traditions. To access these various dimensions, it would be necessary to interpret the meanings differently from the traditional interpretations on the basis that the language and word meaning reflect human's general cognitive capabilities rather than merely those capabilities related to the language itself. Within the Cognitive semantics context, the Cognitive Linguistics deals with the meanings from the perspective that the meanings have encyclopedic nature implying all the meaning types that have been recognized and classified by the previous doctrines. That is why; the Cognitive Linguistics does not admit the distinction between the semantic meaning and pragmatic meaning. From this perspective, this research which is titled 'Pragmatic Meaning-based within the Encyclopedic Meaning Frame' attempts to analyze the pragmatic meaning from the encyclopedic meaning angle within the context of the Cognitive Linguistics.
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Kolpenova, А. К., and E. Zh Omirbayev. "The Semantic Transformation: Secret of Numbers in Kazakh and Turkish Phraseological Units." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 126, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2022-4/2664-0686.05.
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The article studies meanings of phraseological units with digit components in Kazakh and Turkish languages. It states that in the background value which is to be a prototype of phraseological meaning, there lays emic truth, and meanings of «holiness» and «sacredness» are one of the characteristics of this truth. Taking this theory into account, the article aims to discover the sacral and symbolic meaning of numbers in numeric units, and introduce phraseological units as cultural and semantical structures distinguishing their comparative features which appear out of traversal of number and value, also to define commonality, peculiarity and uniqness in common Turkic semantic environment. The object of research are mainly figurative phraseological units since the peculiar features of phraseological units are defined through inner form of image. There are not any phraseological units with image of «zero» in Kazakh language, and only 2–3 phrases in Turkish. Interpreting their meanings it can be concluded that «zero» has typical characteristics of latency and potentiality. Analyzing phraseological units with digit components in two languages it was discovered that there are a lot of phrases with number «one» in Turkish language. Phraseological units in two languages with one or different images, but which have the same meaning are compared. It was concluded that comparative semantics − the synthesis of value and number, is formed in phraseological units with number «two». These structures which have qualitative semantics are inferred to be main linguistic indicators carrying out all three uses of language, showing the characteristics of Turkic semantic environment, and ethnocultural unit which collects information.
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Sukhorukova, Y. A., and Y. V. Fil. "Prospective Semantics in Russian and Other Slavic Languages (Based on the Verbs with Prefix Pred-)." Rusin, no. 62 (2020): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/10.
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This study continues the derivatological and aspectological traditions of studying verbal prefixes as semantic distributors of the verb, expanding its capabilities in the expression of an action. The article discusses the results of a study of prospective semantics based on the verbs with the prefix pred-. This prefix has an old Slavonic origin and is realized in several meanings, the most striking of which is an indication of a previously performed action (prospectivity). This meaning is not primary, as it derives from the spatial one (being ahead), which reflects the general picture of time representation through space, on the one hand, and the models of development of spatial meanings in other semantic spheres that have developed in the language, on the other. Prospective semantics proved to be in demand not only in old Slavonic, but also in other Slavic languages (despite the quantitative differences in the use of units in these languages). The analysis of verbs and units derived from verbs with prefix pred- and its analogues shows a significantly greater number of units with this prefix in Russian and other Slavic languages (Bulgarian, Rusin, Czech, Polish, etc.) in comparison with the old Slavonic language, as well as their constant growth and semantic diversity. The research reveals the semantic features of the prefix pred- in Russian with the background of other Slavic languages (less semantic diversity of prefix meanings and verbs with it in comparison with the Bulgarian and Czech languages; predominance of prospective prefix semantics in the verbal sphere and weakening of the spatial one; absence of the meaning of the preliminary action in relation to the main one), and examines the interaction of the spatial meaning of the prefix with the meanings of prospectivity and superiority.
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Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko. "The evolution of semantics and language‑games for meaning." Interaction Studies 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2006): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.7.1.05pie.
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To understand evolutionary aspects of communication is to understand the evolutionary development of the meaning relations between language and the world. Such meaning relations are established by the application of the interactive systems of semantic games. Subsumed under the evolutionary framework of repeated games, semantics in such games refers to the cases in which stable meanings survive populations of strategically interacting players. The viability of compositionality, common ground and salience in such evolutionary games is assessed. Foundationally, the discussion is rooted in Charles S. Peirce’s pragmatist philosophy.
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Yunira, Sandra, Siska Fradina, Mathilda Sumbayak, Nunung Susilo Putri, and Tatum Derin. "Re-Visits the Grand Theory of Geoffrey Leech: Seven Types of Meaning." REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 1, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v1i3.3768.
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Meaning is the field of the study discussed in semantic science. Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words in languages. In contrast, linguistics is the study of oral and written communications that have systematic, rational, empirical characteristics as a description of the structure and rules of language. This present study argues that the meaning of a word in language can be known with the foundation of semantic science. The problems this present study focused on are the seven types of meaning and their descriptions in the book of Semantics by Geoffrey Leech: 1981. The research aims to classify and to identify seven types of meanings, and also to analyze Leech’s book and three article reviews of his theory. This present study uses a qualitative approach focusing on the words, phrases, and sentences regarding the theory. The result of this research confirmed that there are seven types of meaning based on Leech’s theory, namely conceptual, connotative, collocative, reflective, affective, social, and thematic. A novelty that this present study found is that the seven types of meaning have variations in their descriptions.
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Jakubowicz, Mariola. "Once again about the Semantics of CS adjective *mǫdrъ." Slavic and Balkan Linguistics, no. 2 (2019): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3372.2019.2.5.
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The subject of the article is the semantic development of CS adjective *mǫdrъthat comes from the proto-European root *men-dh- and has equi-valents in other language groups. The meaning of the Lituanian adjective mandras is ‘cheerful, lively' while the OHG muntar means‘ardent, cheer-ful'. In the etymological dictionaries the meaning ‘cheerful' is recon structed as a primary meaning. The basis for such a reconstruction is the rule that specifi c meanings precede abstract ones. However, it is in contradiction with the semantics of the derivative base, because for the root *men-dh- the meaning ‘to put one's mind to some-thing' is reconstructed. It seems logical that the meaning of the adjective *mon-dhro- should also be connected with the concept of thinking. This leads us to the conclusion that the meaning ‘wise' of the CS adjective *mǫdrъis an inherited one.
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HARTMAN, JENNY. "A meaning potential perspective on lexical meaning: the case of bit." English Language and Linguistics 20, no. 1 (September 24, 2015): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674315000283.
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This article offers a description of a particular lexical item, the English word bit, from a meaning potential perspective making use of the framework lexical meaning as ontologies and construals (LOC). The lexical semantics for bit is described not in terms of meanings per se, but rather in terms of potential for cueing conceptual structures of varying schematicity, put to use through a range of cognitive processes, or construals. The article concludes that some conceptual structures are quite fundamental to bit’s use and that their construal is highly flexible and contextually sensitive. The semantic structures evoked by bit are realized through particular communicative and discursive settings, and these semantic structures provide the raw material for all its situated meanings in response to communicative demands. Ultimately, a meaning potential perspective, in particular the model for describing and explaining lexical meaning adopted in this article, facilitates a rich and explicatory description of bit, both as regards its fundamental structures and their construal in attested language use.
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Flanagan, Brian. "Causal Legal Semantics: A Critical Assessment." Journal of Moral Philosophy 10, no. 1 (2013): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552412x628832.
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A provision’s legal meaning is thought by many to be a function of its literal meaning. To explain the appearance that lawyers are arguing over a provision’s legal meaning and not just over which outcome would be more prudent or morally preferable, some legal literalists claim that a provision’s literal meaning may be causally, rather than conventionally, determined. I argue, first, that the proposed explanation is inconsistent with common intuitions about legal meaning; second, that explaining legal disagreement as a function of the causally determined meanings of moral terms requires, but lacks, a causal semantics which is clearly consistent with the scope of moral disagreement. Finally, I suggest that an element of the theory of language invoked by ‘causal’ legal literalists might be better deployed as part of an intentionalist account of legal practice.
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Makhaev, Mairbeck, Khouzu Mamalova, and Arby Vagapov. "Differential and empirical model for describing psycholinguistic meanings." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 08019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128408019.
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The paper is devoted to the problem of semantics of proper names. Nowadays, in linguistics, there are different points of view on the nature of the semantics of proper names. This paper states the discovery of a new kind of meaning of proper names - psycholinguistic. This concept is based on the use of experimental methods for studying the meanings of words, which involves an appeal to the consciousness of native speakers. Psycholinguistic experiments were carried out by us in Voronezh. Subjects - 330 students. The method of free and directed associative experiment was used. Various toponyms (“Moscow”, “St. Petersburg”, “Volgograd”), including “Voronezh”, were used as a stimulus material. According to the results of experiments on the stimulus “Voronezh”, a total of 1,055 verbal associative reactions were obtained. Then the semantic interpretation of associative reactions was carried out, which consists in understanding the reactions as linguistic representations of certain signs of the denotation - semantic components. As a result, the psycholinguistic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh” was formulated, which is very different from its meaning in toponymic dictionaries. We call this new kind of meaning psycholinguistic.
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Köhler, Sebastian. "Expressivism, meaning, and all that." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 48, no. 3-4 (2018): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2017.1408278.
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AbstractIt has recently been suggested that meta-normative expressivism is best seen as a meta-semantic, rather than a semantic view. One strong motivation for this is that expressivism becomes, thereby, compatible with truth-conditional semantics. While this approach is promising, however, many of its details are still unexplored. One issue that still needs to be explored in particular, is what accounts of propositional contents are open to meta-semantic expressivists. This paper makes progress on this issue by developing an expressivist-friendly deflationary account of such contents.
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Feil, Ruth M. E., and Bo Laursen. "Strukturel semantik og formel leksikalsk repræsentation." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 1, no. 2 (July 17, 2015): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v1i2.21355.
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This paper deals with lexical semantics from a European structuralist point of view. Three fundamentals of the tradition are treated: 1) 'meaning' viewed as 'sense' and not 'reference', 2) the semantic interdependence between words, and 3) componential analysis of lexical meaning. The structuralist approach to lexical semantics is commented upon with respect to its adequacy as a theory for the description of word meaning and to its explicitness in view of a formal representation of word meaning.
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Кульчицька, Олена, and Веслі Браун. "A SYSTEMIC-FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TWO ONLINE ARTICLES ANALYSIS RECOUNTING THE 2014 CRIMEAN REFERENDUM FOLLOWING THE RUSSIAN ANNEXATION)." Молодий вчений, no. 10.1 (98.1) (October 29, 2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2021-98.1-16.
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a comparative analysis of two texts recounting the 2014 Crimean Referendum following the Russian Annexation has been conducted through a systemic-functional paradigm in order to examine linguistic features that have been employed to convey bias or impartiality. These texts have been analyzed taking into account M. Halliday's theory, which states that semantics of the text is inextricably linked with grammar, as meanings are realized in language through formulations [6]. In order to trace the meaning of a text, discursive grammar must be both functional and semantic, i.e. grammatical categories must be interpreted as expressions of semantic models. Field, Tenor and Mode are defined as three aspects of the context that influence ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning, and textual meaning respectively. In the given article ideational and textual meanings are examined.
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Koseska, Violetta. "Semantics, contrastive linguistics and parallel corpora." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 14 (September 4, 2014): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2014.009.
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Semantics, contrastive linguistics and parallel corporaIn view of the ambiguity of the term “semantics”, the author shows the differences between the traditional lexical semantics and the contemporary semantics in the light of various semantic schools. She examines semantics differently in connection with contrastive studies where the description must necessary go from the meaning towards the linguistic form, whereas in traditional contrastive studies the description proceeded from the form towards the meaning. This requirement regarding theoretical contrastive studies necessitates construction of a semantic interlanguage, rather than only singling out universal semantic categories expressed with various language means. Such studies can be strongly supported by parallel corpora. However, in order to make them useful for linguists in manual and computer translations, as well as in the development of dictionaries, including online ones, we need not only formal, often automatic, annotation of texts, but also semantic annotation - which is unfortunately manual. In the article we focus on semantic annotation concerning time, aspect and quantification of names and predicates in the whole semantic structure of the sentence on the example of the “Polish-Bulgarian-Russian parallel corpus”.
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DE SMET, HENDRIK, and LIESBET HEYVAERT. "The meaning of the English present participle." English Language and Linguistics 15, no. 3 (October 4, 2011): 473–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067431100013x.
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While earlier descriptions of the English present participle have tended to be too general or too exclusively focused on its progressive meaning, this article aims to present an account of the meanings of the English present participle that captures their full richness. It starts from the observation that many (though not all) present participle clauses/phrases are paradigmatically related to adjectival phrases, as manifested in their distributional properties (e.g. a challenging year, those living alone). The article analyses the semantic effects that arise from the tension between the verbal semantics of the participial stem and the adjectival semantics of the syntactic slot. These effects involve accommodation of the verbal situation to the requirement that a situation is represented as time-stable and as simultaneous to some contextually given reference time. The progressive meaning is one such semantic effect, but participles may also assume iterative, habitual or gnomic readings. Some construction-specific semantic extensions of this adjectival template are identified and a tentative explanation is offered for them. Those constructions where the present participle has lost its semantic association with adjective phrases, such as the progressive construction and integrated participle clauses, are shown to display loosening or specialization of semantic constraints.
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Alsayed, Fatimah. "The Effects of Semantics in the Language Development of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learners." International Journal of Learning and Development 9, no. 4 (January 4, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v9i4.15735.
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The study of Semantics is an important area of word meaning, references, senses, logic, and perlocutions and illocutions. That is, the study of Semantics increases students’ understanding and awareness of word meaning, sentence relationships, and discourse and context. It also enables students to create and improve their Semantics maps which are webs of words visually display the meaning-based connections between a word or phrase and a set of related words or concepts. This paper is a product of effort that I make to implement some theoretically-sound strategies in planning and teaching a Semantic course for English Foreign language learners (EFL). The aim of this paper is to show that utilizing the mechanisms of meaning is vital to successful human communication. Alongside with that, lexical development will solidify students’ understanding of language meaning and sense relations. The purpose of the course is to concentrate on teaching key terms in Semantics, Semantics Analysis of Writing Approach (SAW) and ‘agent-action-goal with real-life action’ technique and then employed the knowledge of these terms to improve students’ vocabulary in the short-term, and their language proficiency in the long-term. Scaffolding the Semantics information with L2 vocabulary strategies is pivotal in language development. Implementing semantics strategies in an attempt to expose the relationship between teaching Semantics and improving ELLs’ language skills.
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Adisutrisno, D. Wagiman. "THE NATURE OF SEMANTICS." Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra 19, no. 2 (March 25, 2015): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/kls.v19i2.4425.
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With regard to the teaching of semantics, many semantics teachers find difficultyin deciding what to teach in their semantics classes. They have the opinionthat concepts such as connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning,collocative meaning, thematic meaning, meaning changes of words, synonymy,antonymy, polysemy, harmonymy, homophony, and homography are the primarymaterials of semantics classes. While those concepts are necessary materials ofsemantics and are usually taught, teachers of semantics must be well aware thatthey are not the primary materials of semantics. They are secondary materials.This paper describes the main materials of semantics which consist of word meaning,sentence meaning, and utterance meaning.
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Pratiwi, Desy Riana, Lia Maulia Indrayani, and Ypsi Soeria Soemantri. "The analysis of Denotative and Connotative Meaning in Ariana Grande’s Song Lyrics: A Semantic Study." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v3i2.9994.
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The meaning in language is indeed diverse in types, one branch of linguistics that studies about meaning is semantic science. Semantic referred to as the study of meaning, this research aims to analyze denotative meanings and connotative meanings contained in song lyrics, an expression of one's feelings or ideas usually expressed through song lyrics. The song chosen for this research data is Ariana Grande's song entitled "God is a woman". This analysis used a qualitative descriptive method which is a method that aims to analyze everyday phenomena and analyze the use of words including finding meaning contained in song lyrics. To answer this analytical question, used the main theory from Geoffrey Leech about semantics. The results of this analysis are more connotative meanings compared to denotative meanings in Ariana Grande song lyrics, this study found three connotative meanings and two denotative meanings. The number of connotative meanings and denotative meanings is not too much different, but connotative meanings are more numerous because this song contains many meanings that are not actually.