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Journal articles on the topic 'Measles vaccine – South Africa – Hammanskraal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Mutsaerts, Eleonora A. M. L., Marta C. Nunes, Sutika Bhikha, et al. "Immunogenicity and Safety of an Early Measles Vaccination Schedule at 6 and 12 Months of Age in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Unexposed and HIV-Exposed, Uninfected South African Children." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, no. 9 (2019): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz348.

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Abstract Background Measles morbidity and mortality rates are greatest in children <12 months old, with increased susceptibility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–exposed children. We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an early 2-dose measles vaccine regimen administered at 6 and 12 months of age in South Africa. Methods HIV-unexposed (HU) (n = 212) and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) (n = 71) children received measles vaccination (CAM-70) at 6 and 12 months of age. Measles immunoglobulin G titers were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and 1 month after

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2

Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen, Ijeoma Edoka, Charles S. Wiysonge, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, and Amy K. Winter. "Rubella Vaccine Introduction in the South African Public Vaccination Schedule: Mathematical Modelling for Decision Making." Vaccines 8, no. 3 (2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030383.

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Background: age structured mathematical models have been used to evaluate the impact of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) introduction into existing measles vaccination programs in several countries. South Africa has a well-established measles vaccination program and is considering RCV introduction. This study aimed to provide a comparison of different scenarios and their relative costs within the context of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) reduction or elimination. Methods: we used a previously published age-structured deterministic discrete time rubella transmission model. We obtained estima

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3

Metcalf, C. J. E., C. Cohen, J. Lessler, et al. "Implications of spatially heterogeneous vaccination coverage for the risk of congenital rubella syndrome in South Africa." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 78 (2013): 20120756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0756.

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Rubella is generally a mild childhood disease, but infection during early pregnancy may cause spontaneous abortion or congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which may entail a variety of birth defects. Since vaccination at levels short of those necessary to achieve eradication may increase the average age of infection, and thus potentially the CRS burden, introduction of the vaccine has been limited to contexts where coverage is high. Recent work suggests that spatial heterogeneity in coverage should also be a focus of concern. Here, we use a detailed dataset from South Africa to explore the impli

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4

van Rooyen, Shirie, Martie Lubbe, Irma Kotze, and Nkengafac Villyen Motaze. "Possible Changes and Trends in Non-COVID-19 Vaccine-Prescribing Patterns before and during COVID-19 Pandemic." Vaccines 12, no. 6 (2024): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060582.

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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many children missed their routine vaccinations globally. There is insufficient evidence on the trends in vaccination coverage in the private healthcare sector in South Africa. This study explored the changes in childhood vaccination patterns (non-COVID vaccines) in the private healthcare sector in South Africa using medicine claim data. Using the information on medication claims from a South African pharmaceutical benefit management (PBM) company, we performed a quantitative cross-sectional analysis comparing the period before (2018–2019) and during the COVID-19

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5

Reikie, Brian A., Shalena Naidoo, Candice E. Ruck, et al. "Antibody Responses to Vaccination among South African HIV-Exposed and Unexposed Uninfected Infants during the First 2 Years of Life." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 1 (2012): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00557-12.

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ABSTRACTHIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants born to HIV-infected mothers from areas in the world with a high burden of infectious disease suffer higher infectious morbidity and mortality than their HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU) peers. Vaccination provides protection from infection. The possibility exists that altered response to vaccination contributes to the higher rate of infection in HEU than in HUU infants. While short-term, cross-sectional studies support this notion, it is unclear whether or not HEU infants develop long-term protective immune responses following the WHO extended pr

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6

Ndwandwe, Duduzile, Musawenkosi Ndlovu, Asanda Mayeye, et al. "Trends in Vaccine Completeness in Children Aged 0–23 Months in Cape Town, South Africa." Vaccines 11, no. 12 (2023): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121782.

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Background: We have previously determined that the occurrence of missed vaccination opportunities in children in Cape Town, South Africa, is shaped by both individual and contextual factors. These factors present valuable openings for enhancing quality and implementing broader strategies to enhance the delivery of routine Immunisation services. Methods: Here, we are further reporting regional-level data on the coverage and factors influencing vaccination completion within a similar study population, based on extensive data analysis from the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey. Res

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Gadzama, Jacob Antikrya, Ntlogeleng Mabina Mogale, and Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju. "Disease profile, HIV prevalence and vaccination status of HIV-infected children admitted at a hospital complex, Northern Cape Province, South Africa." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 6, no. 3 (2023): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i3.1719.

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Despite the availability of vertical transmission prevention, treatment, and immunisation programmes for better health outcomes, children are still infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. Those accessing treatment are either virally unsuppressed or have severe forms of diseases, while others have missed opportunities for vaccination. HIV infected children are vulnerable to infections, re-hospitalisation, and missing vaccinations. The study determined the disease profile, HIV prevalence, readmission, and immunisation status of children admitted to Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital in Northern Cape P

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8

Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Charles S. Wiysonge, Abdu A. Adamu, Maia Lesosky, Hassan Mahomed, and Duduzile Ndwandwe. "Missed Opportunities for Vaccination and Associated Factors among Children Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Cape Town, South Africa: A Pre-Intervention Multilevel Analysis." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (2022): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050785.

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Despite the substantial efforts at ensuring universal access to routine immunisation services among children in South Africa, major gaps in immunisation coverage remain. This study assessed the magnitude of missed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) and associated factors among children aged 0–23 months attending primary health care (PHC) facilities in Cape Town. We used multilevel binomial logistic regression models to explore individual and contextual factors associated with MOV, with children aged 0–23 months at Level 1, nested within PHC facilities (Level 2). A total of 674 children and th

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9

Gavhi, Fhatuwani, Alex De Voux, Lazarus Kuonza, and Nkengafac Villyen Motaze. "Evaluation of the rubella surveillance system in South Africa, 2016–2018: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0287170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287170.

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Background Rubella is a leading vaccine-preventable cause of birth defects. We conducted this study to evaluate the rubella surveillance system in South Africa from 2016 to 2018. The rubella surveillance system had not been evaluated since its inception; therefore, a formal evaluation is necessary to assess key attributes and to ascertain the extent to which the system achieves its objectives. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the usefulness, simplicity, positive predictive value, timeliness, and data quality of the rubella surveillance system from 2016 to 2018. We reviewe

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10

Cameron, Neil A. "When, and how, should we introduce a combination measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine into the national childhood expanded immunization programme in South Africa?" Vaccine 30 (September 2012): C58—C60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.082.

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11

Rau, Cornelius, Daniel Lüdecke, Laure B. Dumolard, et al. "Data quality of reported child immunization coverage in 194 countries between 2000 and 2019." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 2 (2022): e0000140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000140.

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Analyzing immunization coverage data is crucial to guide decision-making in national immunization programs and monitor global initiatives such as the Immunization Agenda 2030. We aimed to assess the quality of reported child immunization coverage data for 194 countries over 20 years. We analyzed child immunization coverage as reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) between 2000–2019 by all WHO Member States for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine birth dose, first and third doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine (DTP1

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12

Sabahelzain, Majdi M., Harriet Dwyer, Seye Abimbola, and Julie Leask. "Implications of conflict on vaccination in the Sahel region." BMJ Global Health 10, no. 1 (2025): e016496. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016496.

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The Sahel region is a geographical belt in Africa that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, between the Sahara Desert in the north and the Savannah in the south. It is characterised by challenging environmental crises and conflicts. This analysis highlights the potential implications of conflict on vaccination across five Sahel countries, including Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger and Sudan, from 2019 to 2023. It also presents recommendations to improve vaccination coverage in these settings. The WHO Immunisation Data Portal was used to extract data about vaccination coverage and d

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13

McCarthy, Dr Kerrigan, Ms Chenoa Sankar, Mr Victor Mabasa, et al. "Does wastewater surveillance have a role in vaccine-preventable disease control? Comparison of clinical and wastewater surveillance data for hepatitis A, E, measles, rubella and influenza viruses NICD, South Africa, 2021-2024." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 152 (March 2025): 107380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107380.

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14

Shehzad, Sofia. "DENGUE OUTBREAK -IS THE PANIC JUSTIFIED ?" Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 4, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.4-1.224.

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In this era of startling developments in the medical field there remains a serious worry about the hazardous potential of various by products which if not properly addressed can lead to consequences of immense public concern. Hospitals and other health care facilities generate waste products which are evidently hazardous to all those exposed to its potentially harmful effects. Need for effective legislation ensuring its safe disposal is supposed to be an integral part of any country's health related policy. This issue is of special importance in developing countries like Pakistan which in spit

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Shehzad, Sofia. "DENGUE OUTBREAK -IS THE PANIC JUSTIFIED ?" Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 4, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.4-1.224.

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In this era of startling developments in the medical field there remains a serious worry about the hazardous potential of various by products which if not properly addressed can lead to consequences of immense public concern. Hospitals and other health care facilities generate waste products which are evidently hazardous to all those exposed to its potentially harmful effects. Need for effective legislation ensuring its safe disposal is supposed to be an integral part of any country's health related policy. This issue is of special importance in developing countries like Pakistan which in spit

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16

Wang, Ruitong, Wenzhan Jing, Min Liu, and Jue Liu. "Trends of the Global, Regional, and National Incidence of Measles, Vaccine Coverage, and Risk Factors in 204 Countries From 1990 to 2019." Frontiers in Medicine 8 (January 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.798031.

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BackgroundMeasles is a highly contagious disease that has caused global morbidity and mortality. Though great progress has been made in measles elimination, the resurgence of measles has been observed in recent years. As extant literature were mainly confined to data of local area, we conducted a systematic analysis to explore the trends of the incidence of measles, coverage rate, and the risk factors from 1990 to 2019 on global, regional, and national levels.MethodsData on cases of incidence, age standardized rate (ASR), vaccine coverage, and risk factors of measles were retrieved from the Gl

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17

Yuan, Hongxia, Bingju Yan, Yiran Chong, Le Wang, and Yong Jiang. "Time trend of measles burden on children and adolescents in BRICS-plus countries from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2032." Frontiers in Microbiology 16 (July 24, 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1612124.

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BackgroundMeasles remains a major disease burden on children and adolescents in BRICS-plus countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and five others) despite vaccine efficacy. This study aims to clarify the temporal trend of measles burden and forecast the trend in 2032.MethodsData from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 were utilized to analyze the prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of measles in BRICS-plus countries. In addition, the association between the social development index (SDI) and measles-related indicators of children an

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18

Islam, Md Rashedul, Md Mizanur Rahman, Md Shafiur Rahman, Sarah Krull Abe, Manas K. Akmatov, and Masahiro Hashizume. "Trends and projections of age-appropriate vaccination coverage in 41 low- and middle- income countries in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2030." Frontiers in Public Health 12 (May 9, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1371258.

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IntroductionRoutine immunization programs have focused on increasing vaccination coverage, which is equally important for decreasing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated the trends and projections of age-appropriate vaccination coverage at the regional and national levels, as well as place of residence and wealth index in LMICs.MethodsIn total, 174 nationally representative household surveys from 2000 to 2020 from 41 LMICs were included in this study. Bayesian hierarchical regression models were used to estimate trend

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19

Elmi, Noradin, Liezl Smit, Thandi Wessels, Moleen Zunza, and Helena Rabie. "COVID-19 lockdown effect on healthcare utilization and in-hospital mortality in children under 5 years in Cape Town, South Africa: a cross-sectional study." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 69, no. 6 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmad035.

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Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic measures resulted in the de-escalation of non-COVID-19 healthcare provision. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of routinely collected data was done to investigate the effect of COVID-19 policies on the healthcare utilization and mortality of children younger than 5 years in Eastern Cape Town, South Africa. We compared visits to primary and urgent care facilities, hospitalization, in-hospital deaths, and vaccine uptake from 1 January to 31 December 2020 to similar periods in 2018 and 2019. Results During April and May 2020, the most restricted p

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Zito, Richard. "The Omicron Strain: An Overview of Its Growth and Decline in the U.S." Medical Research Archives 13, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v13i1.6069.

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The omicron strain was a distinctly new chapter in the battle against COVID for Americans. First identified in Botswana/South Africa, Omicron began circulating in the U.S. population in November 2021, gained dominance, and persisted through 2022 and beyond. Omicron was significantly different in its genetics, lethality, infectiousness, and susceptibility to vaccine intervention, when compared with other strains. It was less lethal than d because it had fewer L452R S1 protein mutation, and it had an E484A mutation instead of d‘s E484Q. Both of these changes made the binding site of the S1 prote

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21

Stenberg, Karin, Rory Watts, Melanie Y. Bertram, et al. "Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Outcomes: A WHO-CHOICE Analysis for Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia." International Journal of Health Policy and Management, March 17, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.07.

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Background: Information on cost-effectiveness allows policy-makers to evaluate if they are using currently available resources effectively and efficiently. Our objective is to examine the cost-effectiveness of health interventions to improve maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) outcomes, to provide global evidence relative to the context of two geographic regions. Methods: We consider interventions across the life course from adolescence to pregnancy and for children up to 5 years old. Interventions included are those that fall within the areas of immunization, child healthcare, nutrition

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22

Minh, Phan Hong, Vu Khanh Linh, Nguyen Thanh Hai, and Bui Thanh Tung. "A Comprehensive Review of Vaccines against Covid-19." VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 37, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4365.

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The globe is engulfed by one of the most extensive public health crises as COVID-19 has become a leading cause of death worldwide. COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, causing the severe acute respiratory syndrome. This review discusses issues related to Covid-19 vaccines, such as vaccine development targets, vaccine types, efficacy, limitations and development prospects. Keywords: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, spike protein. References [1] C. Wang, P. W. Horby, F. G. Hayden, G. F. Gao, A Novel Coronavirus Outbreak of Global Health Concern, The Lanc

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23

Naeem, Komal, Muhammad Ilyas, Urooj Fatima, et al. "Profile: Karachi Health and Demographic Surveillance System of Pakistan (KHDSS)." Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 10, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v10i1.8953.

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ObjectiveThe mandate of establishing this DSS is to provide a research platform for both observational and interventional studies, with focus on maternal and child health, which could influence decision-making and planning for health strategies at local, national and international levels.IntroductionThe Karachi Health and Demographic Surveillance System was set up in year 2003 by the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, in four peri-urban low socioeconomic communities of Karachi and covers an area of 17.6 square kilometers.(Figure 1)MethodsTo

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