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Rast, Philippe, Stuart W. S. MacDonald, and Scott M. Hofer. "Intensive Measurement Designs for Research on Aging." GeroPsych 25, no. 2 (2012): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000054.
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Intensive measurement burst designs permit analysis of behavioral and biological processes as they unfold over short and long periods of time and providing the opportunity to identify change from an individual’s normative level of functioning. The measurement burst design permits statistical decomposition of short-term variation and learning effects that overlay normative aging and provide stronger bases for detecting accelerated change due to pathological processes. We provide an overview of design features and analysis of measurement burst data in Project MIND. The objective of intensive measurement designs is to obtain greater resolution of processes of interest that permit reliable and sensitive assessments of functioning and change in functioning and of key determinants underlying short-term variation and long-term aging and health-related change.
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Oravecz, Zita, Nelson Roque, and Martin Sliwinski. "Bayesian Modeling of Cognitive Impairment in the Presence of Retest Effects." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1870.
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Abstract Diagnosing the early onset of neuropathologies, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), requires repeated evaluation of cognitive skills several times per year -- a measurement design known as a “burst design.” Detecting the often subtle cognitive decline in the presence of retest effects requires careful statistical modeling. The double exponential model offers a modeling framework to account for retest gains across measurement bursts, as well as warm-up effects within a burst, while quantifying change across bursts in peak performance. This talk highlights how a Bayesian multilevel implementation of the double exponential model allows for flexible extensions of this framework in terms of accommodating different timescales (nesting) and person-level predictors and drawing intuitive inferences on cognitive change with Bayesian posterior probabilities. We will use reaction time data to show how individual differences in asymptotic performance and change can be related to predictors such as age and MCI status. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Measurement, Statistics, and Research Design Interest Group.
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Alessandri, Guido, Evelina De Longis, and Gianluca Cepale. "Emotional inertia emerges after prolonged states of exhaustion: Evidences from a measurement burst study." Motivation and Emotion 45, no. 4 (2021): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-021-09884-4.
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AbstractExhaustion refers to the feeling of ongoing loss of emotional, physical and cognitive resources. The present study draws on the Conservation of Resources Theory to examine the relationship between chronic exhaustion and negative emotional inertia among 206 employees (aged between 19 and 50 years; M = 21.03; SD = 2.98), in a naturalistic setting. To this purpose, we used a measurement burst design with two intensive bursts—spaced 1 month apart—by repeatedly sampling exhaustion and negative affect with 18 daily diaries (a morning and an evening assessment each day) per burst. After controlling for potential confounders, results showed that exhaustion at Burst 1 predicted negative emotional inertia at Burst 2, and not the other way around. These findings advance the knowledge on the relationship between exhaustion and negative emotional inertia by providing further insights on the likely direction of causality between study variables, that is from exhaustion to inertia (but not vice versa). Practical implication, limitations, and directions for future research are also discussed.
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Luong, Gloria. "SOCIAL SUPPORT–HEALTH LINKAGES DURING A MAJOR LIFE EVENT: A NEW SPIN ON STRESS-BUFFERING EFFECTS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1916.
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Abstract Supportive social relationships are posited to confer benefits to longer-term health and well-being, and may be especially protective in the face of adversity, when people can draw on these resources to cope with stressful events (stress buffering effects). Yet, most previous studies have used retrospective, cross-sectional designs, limiting the ability to delineate how the linkages between social support and health may change prospectively as people anticipate and prepare for an upcoming stressor, such as relocating into a senior housing facility and adjusting to the experiences afterward. The Relocation and Transitional Experiences (RELATE) study tracked 154 older adults using a prospective longitudinal measurement burst design as they transitioned into a senior housing facility. The waves (bursts) of assessments were based on the following schedule: Burst 1 (2 weeks prior to the move), Burst 2 (2 weeks after the move), Burst 3 (1.5 months after the move), and Burst 4 (~3-6 months after the move). At each burst, participants completed questionnaires on their health and well-being, social relationships and social support, and relationship satisfaction. We examined changes in the strength of social support-health linkages across bursts. Results show that social-support health linkages were weakest and least consistent during the early stages of the relocation stressor (Burst 2 and 3) but that by Burst 4, support-health linkages were mostly restored similar to pre-move levels (Burst 1). These findings suggest that stress buffering effects need to be understood within the context of how stressful experiences unfold over time for older adults.
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Rodionova, Kristina, Tilmann Ditting, Nada Cordasic, et al. "A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF RENAL SYMPATHETIC NERVE ACTIVITY FROM MULTI-FIBER NERVE RECORDINGS." Journal of Hypertension 42, Suppl 1 (2024): e247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001022008.07100.49.
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Objective: Measurement of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) via bipolar electrodes from multi-fiber preparations in various species has been used for decades in the context of autonomic regulation research. Traditionally, raw neurograms are usually integrated over short time intervals and this approach works perfectly for the analysis of dynamic RSNA changes due to acute intervention. However, comparability of baseline activities between groups is limited. We present a novel analysis method, based on the raw neurogram sampled at rate of 25 kHz. Design and method: For RSNA-burst analysis a software based programmable algorithm was used. Continuous activities longer than three single spikes (i.e., >8ms) were defined as bursts, followed by silent periods with some single spikes. Approximately 10.000 bursts/rat were analyzed and burst amplitude, burst duration, burst area (i.e., duration integral), as well as the burst frequencies were analyzed. Results: In rats with myocardial infarction (n=11) we found no difference in integrated baseline RSNA as compared to controls ((n=10). However, the new method revealed higher higher burst rate per cardiac cycle [CC] (2.65 ± 0.39 vs. 1.61 ± 0.38 bursts/CC; P<0.001) and burst frequency (15.09 ± 2.42 vs. 8.52 ±1.54 Hz; P<0.001) compared to healthy controls, indicating increased RSNA. Conclusions: Our new method of RSNA baseline analysis was able to detect subtle differences between groups of animals that could not be detected by the traditional method of integrated RSNA analysis. Furthermore, this method has the potential to give further insights into RNSA patterns and synchronization to afferent regulatory input form the kidney itself or other organs.
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Harrington, Karra, Nelson Roque, and Jacqueline Mogle. "Approaches for Modeling of Intensive Longitudinal Data to Understand Cognitive Aging." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1867.
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Abstract Understanding age-related change in cognition and identification of pathological changes requires sensitive and valid measurement of cognitive performance across time. Technological advances, such as ambulatory assessment of cognition using smartphones, have enabled intensive longitudinal methods where data is collected with many measurements over time. Our research group has developed novel ambulatory assessments that provide reliable, sensitive, and ecologically valid measurement of cognition across multiple timescales; from momentary changes to change across years. This symposium will present a spectrum of approaches to analysis of intensive longitudinal data that can inform models of cognitive aging. All three presentations will draw on data from measurement burst studies that apply our ambulatory cognitive assessment methods in community-based samples (i.e., systematically recruited in the Bronx, New York). For each measurement burst, participants undergo assessment consisting of brief surveys and cognitive tests via smartphone, up to 7 times per day across 14 days. Oravecz et al. will discuss the application of a Bayesian multilevel implementation of the double exponential model to account for retest effects while quantifying change in peak cognitive performance across time. Kang et al., will demonstrate a growth curve modeling approach for assessing the effects of between-person variables (i.e., loneliness) on change in cognition across measurement bursts. Harrington et al., will demonstrate a model-based cluster analysis approach, leveraging ambulatory assessments of subjective and objective cognitive function to unpack latent groups as a function of age and loneliness. Measurement, Statistics, and Research Design Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
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Kang, Jee-eun, Karra Harrington, and Martin Sliwinski. "Loneliness and Cognitive Functioning Over Time: Using Ambulatory Cognitive Assessment." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1869.
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Abstract Loneliness has been investigated as a risk factor for cognitive health, but results were inconsistent. This study used three measurement bursts of ambulatory cognitive assessment to determine whether loneliness affects longitudinal changes in cognitive functioning in daily life. At each burst, participants performed cognitive assessment five times a day for 14 days. 138 adults (Mage=49.4) who completed all three bursts were included in this study. Growth curve modeling showed that, on average, scores of cognitive functioning were improved across a 2 year period (p&lt;.001). The chronic lonely group (in the highest tertile at all 3 bursts) showed less improvement in scores compared to non-lonely people (p&lt;.01), although there was no difference in cognitive functioning at the baseline between two groups. This study indicates that we need a repeated measurement of cognitive functioning and longitudinal approach to detect the effect of chronic loneliness on the rate of cognitive change. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Measurement, Statistics, and Research Design Interest Group.
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Chang, Yaw-Jen, Shia-Chung Chen, and Cheng-Li Hsu. "Study on Microchannel Design and Burst Frequency Detection for Centrifugal Microfluidic System." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/137347.
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A centrifugal microfluidic system has been developed in this study, enabling the control and measurement of the burst frequency in order to manipulate the liquid. The radial microfluid chips with different microchannel dimensions were designed for simulation analyses and experimental verifications. The microfluidic flow in the microchannel was analyzed using software CFDRC, providing an accurate result compared with that from experiment. The results show that the design of the overflow microchannel can correctly keep the liquid volume with error as low as 5%. For mercurochrome, the burst frequency has an inverse proportion to the channel width, and the simulation results agree with the experimental results. For oil, however, the experimental and simulation results indicate that the relationship between the burst frequency and channel width is not obvious due to oil properties. Since the simulation approach can provide an accurate prediction of flow behavior in the microchannel, the design of radial microfluid chip and the control of burst frequency can be achieved effectively. A practical application to design the centrifugal microfluidic disc for blood typing test was also carried out in this study. The centrifugal microfluidic system can successfully control the spinning speed to achieve the result of adding reagents in a specific sequence.
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Zha, Bing Ting, He Zhang, and Xiang Jin Zhang. "System for Measuring the Burst Point Time Base on APD." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2838–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2838.
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Aiming at the burst point time measuring device cannot timely show the burst point time measurement situation, a new measuring system was designed. The pulse signal when the ammo was outing of the muzzle and exploding was detected by APD, the light pulse was converted to voltage pulse through an amplifying circuit. The timing display module was designed, the timing circuit got the voltage pulse and timing, and then the burst point time would show on LCD. All the photoelectric detector module was fixed with the special mechanical properties. The system could increase the maximum detection distance effectively, improve its detecting precision, and display the burst point time immediately. With the simulation experiment, the system had no failing to get the burst point time, and owned a stable performance. This design can provide a reference for the optimization and improvement of the burst point time measuring device.
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Holtzer, Roee, Frederick Foley, Vanessa D’Orio, Jessica Spat, Melissa Shuman, and Cuiling Wang. "Learning and cognitive fatigue trajectories in multiple sclerosis defined using a burst measurement design." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 19, no. 11 (2013): 1518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458513477922.
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Background: Compromised learning and cognitive fatigue are critical clinical features in multiple sclerosis. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effect of repeated exposures within and across study visits on performance measures of learning and cognitive fatigue in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: Thirty patients with RRMS and 30 controls were recruited. Using a burst measurement design (i.e. repeated assessments within and across study visits) the oral version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) was administered three times during the baseline and two consecutive monthly follow-up visits for a total of nine test administrations. Learning was assessed within and across study visits whereas cognitive fatigue was assessed during the course of each test administration that was divided into three 30-second intervals. Results: Linear mixed-effect models revealed compromised learning within (95% CI: 2.6355 to 3.9867) and across (95% CI: 1.3250 to 3.1861) visits and worse cognitive fatigue (95% CI: −2.1761 to −0.1720) in patients with RRMS compared with controls. Among patients with RRMS, worse self-rated cognitive dysfunction predicted poor learning within (95% CI: −0.1112 to −0.0020) and across (95% CI: −0.0724 to −0.0106) visits. Conclusions: Burst design is optimal to study learning and cognitive fatigue. This methodology, using the SDMT or other time-efficient tests as outcome measures, can be successfully implemented in longitudinal studies and clinical trials.
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Antunes, André, Bruno Ferreira, Nuno Marques, and Nelson Carriço. "Hyperparameter Optimization of a Convolutional Neural Network Model for Pipe Burst Location in Water Distribution Networks." Journal of Imaging 9, no. 3 (2023): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9030068.
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The current paper presents a hyper parameterization optimization process for a convolutional neural network (CNN) applied to pipe burst locations in water distribution networks (WDN). The hyper parameterization process of the CNN includes the early stopping termination criteria, dataset size, dataset normalization, training set batch size, optimizer learning rate regularization, and model structure. The study was applied using a case study of a real WDN. Obtained results indicate that the ideal model parameters consist of a CNN with a convolutional 1D layer (using 32 filters, a kernel size of 3 and strides equal to 1) for a maximum of 5000 epochs using a total of 250 datasets (using data normalization between 0 and 1 and tolerance equal to max noise) and a batch size of 500 samples per epoch step, optimized with Adam using learning rate regularization. This model was evaluated for distinct measurement noise levels and pipe burst locations. Results indicate that the parameterized model can provide a pipe burst search area with more or less dispersion depending on both the proximity of pressure sensors to the burst or the noise measurement level.
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Patrick, Megan E., Jennifer L. Maggs, and Eva S. Lefkowitz. "Daily Associations Between Drinking and Sex Among College Students: A Longitudinal Measurement Burst Design." Journal of Research on Adolescence 25, no. 2 (2014): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jora.12135.
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Cho, Dalnim, Michael Roth, Susan K. Peterson, et al. "Associations Between Stress, Health Behaviors, and Quality of Life in Young Couples During the Transition to Survivorship: Protocol for a Measurement Burst Study." JMIR Research Protocols 13 (April 23, 2024): e53307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/53307.
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Background Cancer is a life-threatening, stressful event, particularly for young adults due to delays and disruptions in their developmental transitions. Cancer treatment can also cause adverse long-term effects, chronic conditions, psychological issues, and decreased quality of life (QoL) among young adults. Despite numerous health benefits of health behaviors (eg, physical activity, healthy eating, no smoking, no alcohol use, and quality sleep), young adult cancer survivors report poor health behavior profiles. Determining the associations of stress (either cancer-specific or day-to-day stress), health behaviors, and QoL as young adult survivors transition to survivorship is key to understanding and enhancing these survivors’ health. It is also crucial to note that the effects of stress on health behaviors and QoL may manifest on a shorter time scale (eg, daily within-person level). Moreover, given that stress spills over into romantic relationships, it is important to identify the role of spouses or partners (hereafter partners) in these survivors’ health behaviors and QoL. Objective This study aims to investigate associations between stress, health behaviors, and QoL at both within- and between-person levels during the transition to survivorship in young adult cancer survivors and their partners, to identify the extent to which young adult survivors’ and their partners’ stress facilitates or hinders their own and each other’s health behaviors and QoL. Methods We aim to enroll 150 young adults (aged 25-39 years at the time of cancer diagnosis) who have recently completed cancer treatment, along with their partners. We will conduct a prospective longitudinal study using a measurement burst design. Participants (ie, survivors and their partners) will complete a daily web-based survey for 7 consecutive days (a “burst”) 9 times over 2 years, with the bursts spaced 3 months apart. Participants will self-report their stress, health behaviors, and QoL. Additionally, participants will be asked to wear an accelerometer to assess their physical activity and sleep during the burst period. Finally, dietary intake (24-hour diet recalls) will be assessed during each burst via telephone by research staff. Results Participant enrollment began in January 2022. Recruitment and data collection are expected to conclude by December 2024 and December 2026, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first study that determines the interdependence of health behaviors and QoL of young adult cancer survivors and their partners at both within- and between-person levels. This study is unique in its focus on the transition to cancer survivorship and its use of a measurement burst design. Results will guide the creation of a developmentally appropriate dyadic psychosocial or behavioral intervention that improves both young adult survivors’ and their partners’ health behaviors and QoL and potentially their physical health. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53307
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Elavsky, Steriani, Jana Blahošová, Michaela Lebedíková, et al. "Researching the Links Between Smartphone Behavior and Adolescent Well-being With the FUTURE-WP4 (Modeling the Future: Understanding the Impact of Technology on Adolescent’s Well-being Work Package 4) Project: Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study." JMIR Research Protocols 11, no. 3 (2022): e35984. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/35984.
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Background Smartphone ownership has increased among teens within the last decade, with up to 89% of adolescents owning a smartphone and engaging daily with the online world through it. Although the results of recent meta-analyses suggest that engaging digital technology plays only a small role in adolescent well-being, parents, professionals, and policymakers remain concerned about the impact that the instant connectivity of smartphones has on adolescent well-being. Objective Herein, we introduce the protocol of a research study investigating the associations between adolescent smartphone use and different facets of well-being (social, physical, and psychological), with the aim to apply innovative methods to address the limitations of existing empirical studies. Methods This 12-month prospective study of adolescents uses a repeated measurement-burst design with the ecological momentary assessment methodology. Adolescents (N=203; age range 13-17 years) complete baseline assessments through online questionnaires, four 14-day intensive data collection bursts, and an online questionnaire at the end of the study. As part of the 4 measurement bursts, adolescent smartphone behavior is assessed objectively by passive data collection of smartphone data logs and through self-reports in short questionnaires administered via a custom-built Android app. Results The protocol describes the study objectives, research tools (including the development of the Android app and specialized software), and process (including pilot studies, the main study, and targets for machine learning approaches). Two of the 203 enrolled participants provided no data during the first data collection burst of the main study. Preliminary analyses of the data from the first data collection burst indicated an acceptable level of compliance (72.25%) with the daily questionnaires. The design of the study will allow for the assessment of both within- and between-person variabilities in smartphone behavior, as well as short-term variation and long-term change in smartphone behavior and how it impacts the indicators of social, physical, and psychological well-being. Conclusions The innovative methods applied in this study (objective smartphone logs, ecological momentary assessment, and machine learning) will allow for a more nuanced assessment of the links between smartphone use and well-being, informing strategies to help adolescents navigate the online world more constructively in terms of the development of their physical, social, and psychological well-being. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35984
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Griffin, Jamie, and Megan E. Patrick. "Understanding Participation in a Web-Based Measurement Burst Design: Response Metrics and Predictors of Participation." Survey Practice 8, no. 3 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29115/sp-2015-0011.
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Duy, Nguyen Ngoc, та Le Hong Khiem. "Feasibility Study of Direct Measurement of Stellar Reaction 22Mg(α,p)25Al". Communications in Physics 21, № 2 (2011): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/21/2/114.
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The stellar reaction 22Mg(α,p)25Al plays an important role for understanding the nucleosynthesis of stars. It has never investigated yet. We are planning to study this reaction in environment of X-rays burst with temperature T9 = 1÷3 GK using invert kinematics and thick target method. This paper shows a design for direct investigation of this reaction by simulation method. This design is necessary for experimental setup and for confirmation of the feasibility of the experiment.
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Zeinalov, Shakir, Olga Sidorova, Pavel Sedyshev, Valery Shvetsov, Youngseok Lee, and Uk-Won Nam. "Thermal neutron intensity measurement with fission chamber in current, pulse and Campbell modes." EPJ Web of Conferences 231 (2020): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023105009.
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In thermal nuclear reactors, most of the power is generated by thermal neutron induced fission. Therefore, fission chambers with targets that respond directly to slow neutrons are of great interest for thermal neutron flux measurements due to relatively low sensitivity to gamma radiation. However, the extreme conditions associated with experiments at very low cross section demand highly possible thermal neutron flux, leading often to substantial design changes. In this paper we report design of a fission chamber for wide range (from 10 to 1012 n/cm2 sec) measurement of thermal neutron flux. Test experiments were performed at the first beam of IBR2 pulsed reactor using digital pulse processing (DPP) technique with modern waveform digitizers (WFD). The neutron pulses detected by the fission chamber in each burst (5 Hz repetition rate) of the reactor were digitized and recorded to PC memory for further on-line and off-line analysis. New method is suggested to make link between the pulse counting, the current mode and the Campbell technique.
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Pfund, Gabrielle, Mathias Allemand, and Matthias Hofer. "Daily Social Interactions as a Route to Purposeful Days in Older Adulthood." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.820.
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Abstract Sense of purpose predicts slower cognitive decline, reduced risk for health issues, and greater longevity (Pfund & Lewis, 2020). However, work is limited regarding how we can help older adults maintain purposefulness in daily life. The current study explored positive daily social interactions as a route to daily purposefulness in older adults, using a measurement burst design. Older adults completed surveys for five-day bursts spread six months apart (Mean age = 70.75, SD = 7.23; n = 104). Multilevel models demonstrated that on days when individuals reported more positive social interactions, they reported feeling more purposeful (b = 0.39, 95% CI [0.28, 0.51]) when accounting for health, employment, and relationship status. Employment status moderated this association, as daily social interactions were more strongly associated with daily purpose for unemployed/retired individuals (b = -0.23, 95% CI [-0.38, -0.08]). Positive social interactions thus may help older adults maintain purposefulness, particularly after retirement.
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Hakun, Jonathan G., Nelson A. Roque, Courtney R. Gerver, and Eric S. Cerino. "Ultra-brief Assessment of Working Memory Capacity: Ambulatory Assessment Study Using Smartphones." JMIR Formative Research 7 (January 27, 2023): e40188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/40188.
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Background The development of mobile technology with substantial computing power (ie, smartphones) has enabled the adaptation of performance-based cognitive assessments to remote administration and novel intensive longitudinal study designs (eg, measurement burst designs). Although an “ambulatory” cognitive assessment paradigm may provide new research opportunities, the adaptation of conventional measures to a mobile format conducive to intensive repeated measurement involves balancing measurement precision, administration time, and procedural consistency. Objective Across 3 studies, we adapted “complex span” tests of working memory capacity (WMC) for ultra-brief, smartphone-based administration and examined their reliability, sufficiency, and associations with full-length, laboratory-based computerized administrations. Methods In a laboratory-based setting, study 1 examined associations between ultra-brief smartphone adaptations of the operation span, symmetry span, and rotation span tasks and full-length computerized versions. In study 2, we conducted a 4-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study (4 assessments per day), where we examined the reliability of ultra-brief, ambulatory administrations of each task. In study 3, we conducted a 7-day EMA study (5 assessments per day) involving the ultra-brief rotation span task, where we examined reliability in the absence of extensive onboarding and training. Results Measurement models in study 1 suggest that comparable estimates of latent WMC can be recovered from ultra-brief complex span task performance on smartphones. Significant correlations between the ultra-brief tasks and respective full-length versions were observed in study 1 and 2, ranging from r=0.4 to r=0.57. Results of study 2 and study 3 suggest that reliable between-person estimates of operation span, symmetry span, rotation span, and latent WMC can be obtained in 2-3 ultra-brief administrations (equivalent to <1 day of testing in an EMA study design). The results of study 3 replicated our findings, showing that reliable between-person estimates of rotation span may be obtained in as few as 2 ultra-brief administrations in the absence of extensive onboarding and training. In addition, the modification of task parameterization for study 3 improved the estimates of reliability of within-person change. Conclusions Ultra-brief administration of complex span tasks on smartphones in a measurement burst design can generate highly reliable cross-sectional estimates of WMC. Considerations for future mobile cognitive assessment designs and parameterizations are discussed.
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Hassenstab, Jason. "1 What Can we Learn from High Frequency Smartphone-Based Cognitive Assessments?" Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723003119.
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Objective:Smartphone-based cognitive assessments can provide unique information about cognition that is difficult or impossible with traditional cognitive assessments. Using high-frequency measurement “burst” designs, we have shown that older adults are capable and willing to participate in smartphone-based research, that this method dramatically improves between-subject reliability compared to traditional methods and demonstrates extraordinary test-retest reliabilities, and that high-frequency measurement can reveal time of day effects that are increased in those with elevated Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers. In this symposium session, we will provide an overview of our current work in older adults at risk for AD and highlight new analyses on the interaction between day to day variability in sleep and cognition. We will also cover our approach for measuring smartphone latencies, a critical aspect of bring-your-own-device (BYOD) studies.Participants and Methods:The Ambulatory Research in Cognition (ARC) smartphone application for iOS and Android administers custom-designed tests of associate memory, processing speed, and spatial working memory. ARC uses a measurement burst design in which very brief (typically 60s or less) tests are completed at random times several times per day for up to one week. Measurement burst designs rely on principles from ecological momentary assessment, and can be described with a simple formula: 1. Test often and everywhere, 2. Keep assessments brief, and 3. Combine the data across sessions to increase reliability. At the Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at Washington University in St Louis, we have enrolled over 400 participants (ages 60-99 years) at risk for AD in ARC studies. These participants are comprehensively assessed with traditional cognitive tests, clinical examinations, neuroimaging, and fluid biomarkers. ARC also assesses sleep with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index that captures essential sleep parameters, which are assessed daily during each 7-day measurement burst. Analyses of sleep and cognition focused on parameters including total sleep time, number of awakenings, sleep quality ratings, and an extremes analysis comparing cognition after nights with more sleep and after nights with less sleep.Results:Overall, participants reporting less total sleep time and more awakenings had lower memory and processing speed scores. This remained significant after modeling covariates including age, self-reported gender, education, and APOE ε4 status. Compared to nights with the most sleep, memory was worse after the nights with the poorest sleep.Conclusions:When considering AD biomarkers in these analyses, participants with elevated AD biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NfL) and phosphorylated-tau181 (p-tau181), demonstrated more impacts of poor sleep on cogntion, such that the nights with the least sleep tended to impact cognition more than in those with normal biomarker levels, suggesting an important role for sleep in maintaining cognition in preclinical and early symptomatic AD. Interestingly, self-reported sleep quality was not associated with ARC cognitive tests, consistent with studies emphasizing the need for more quantitative assessments of sleep quality. In addition to these sleep data, we will review publications using the ARC platform, including a recently accepted manuscript in JINS (Nicosia et al., 2022).
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Tamburri, Nicholas, Cynthia McDowell, and Stuart MacDonald. "DISSOCIATING RETEST EFFECTS FROM DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE FOR PREDICTING COGNITIVE STATUS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 652–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2410.
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Abstract In longitudinal designs, unadjusted retest effects can confound developmental change estimates. This study utilized a measurement burst design and three-level multilevel modeling to a) independently parameterize short-term retest and long-term developmental change and b) employ these estimates as predictors of cognitive status at long-term follow-ups. Using data from Project MIND , participants (N=304; aged 64-92 years) were assessed across biweekly sessions nested within annual bursts (spanning up to 17 total assessments over four years). Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) status was classified at Years 4 (the final burst assessment) and 8 (the study end date). Response time inconsistencies (RTI) were computed to index intraindividual variability across RT trials of a one-back response time (BRT) task. Three-level multilevel models simultaneously yet independently estimated BRT RTI change across weeks and years, indexing short-term retest and long-term developmental change, respectively. Individual slope estimates were extracted and utilized in multinomial logistic regression models contrasting short- vs. long-term RTI change as predictors of long-term cognitive status. Results from the three-level models indicated that retest and developmental slopes yielded non-redundant sources of variance, providing unique estimates of change that would otherwise be confounded. Further, short- and long-term RTI differentially predicted cognitive status at Years 4 and 8; failing to benefit from retest effects on the BRT task was associated with increased likelihood of cognitive impairment. This innovative approach to parameterizing retest effects can reduce systematic bias in estimates of long-term developmental change, as well as highlight the utility of retest effects as predictors of cognitive health.
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Sharma, Mithun, Sanjeev P. Sahni, and Shilpi Sharma. "Validating a destructive measurement system using Gauge R&R — a case study." Engineering Management in Production and Services 11, no. 4 (2019): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2019-0031.
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Abstract The research study aims to evaluate the precision of the measurement system using Gauge R&R. An experimental research design adopting a positivist empirical approach with deductive strategy was followed to assess the effectiveness of Crossed Gauge R&R technique for validating a measurement system using destructive testing. Crossed Gauge R&R technique in Minitab was found to be highly effective in quantifying different components of measurement variation relative to process variation. Clue generation from the Crossed Gauge R&R study combined with manufacturing and measurement process know-how helped in identifying and eliminating the root causes for measurement variation. Overall Crossed Gauge R&R proved successful in validating the burst strength test equipment. However, it should be noted that manufacturing and test equipment played an equally important part in developing and executing the gauge R&R study and accurately analysing the results. So, Crossed Gauge R&R should be used as an aid rather than the solution for measurement system validation.
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Liu, Shuang, Genjian Qin, Jinsong Li, Binglong Chen, Bang Liu, and Dong Li. "Overall Design of Fine Guidance Sensor in Attitude Determination for the SVOM Satellite." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2220, no. 1 (2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2220/1/012010.
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Abstract SVOM is a Sino-French cooperation project aiming at Gamma Ray Burst observation. From the top level requirement, during the observation period, the satellite platform should provide a stability of better than 1.6 arcsec/100s. Based on this severe requirement, a high precision attitude measurement device is strongly demanded. This article describes the overall design of a novel optical sensor, called Fine Guidance Sensor, for the SVOM Satellite. First, the functional and performance requirements are presented, including the extremely high measuring precision of 0.3 arcsec in y/z-axis. Second, FGS composition, including hardware and software, and processing flow design are described. Then, working mode switching logic is introduced. Next, attitude determination method and simulation result are shown. The conclusion is obtained and all the required indexes are fulfilled by current FGS design.
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Vallabhapurapu, Hyma Harish, and V. V. Srinivasu. "Galactic Distance Measurement System Design Using a High- $T_c$ Josephson Junction Array for RF Burst Detection in Space." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 25, no. 5 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2015.2470688.
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Dubberke, Frithjof H., Elmar Baumhögger, and Jadran Vrabec. "Burst design and signal processing for the speed of sound measurement of fluids with the pulse-echo technique." Review of Scientific Instruments 86, no. 5 (2015): 054903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921478.
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Farhangian, Farzan, and René Landry. "Multi-Constellation Software-Defined Receiver for Doppler Positioning with LEO Satellites." Sensors 20, no. 20 (2020): 5866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205866.
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A Multi-Constellation Software-Defined Receiver (MC-SDR) is designed and implemented to extract the Doppler measurements of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite’s downlink signals, such as Orbcomm, Iridium-Next, Globalstar, Starlink, OneWeb, SpaceX, etc. The Doppler positioning methods, as one of the main localization algorithms, need a highly accurate receiver design to track the Doppler as a measurement for Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based positioning. In this paper, the designed receiver has been used to acquire and track the Doppler shifts of two different kinds of LEO constellations. The extracted Doppler shifts of one Iridium-Next satellite as a burst-based simplex downlink signal and two Orbcomm satellites as continuous signals are considered. Also, with having the Two-Line Element (TLE) for each satellite, the position, and orbital elements of each satellite are known. Finally, the accuracy of the designed receiver is validated using an EKF-based stationary positioning algorithm with an adaptive measurement matrix. Satellite detection and Doppler tracking results are analyzed for each satellite. The positioning results for a stationary receiver showed an accuracy of about 132 m, which means 72% accuracy advancements compared to single constellation positioning.
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Zhou, Huanyin, Feiyan Xu, Yanhui Xie, Zhanzhan Lu, Feifei Wu, and Huanting Hu. "Study on gamma spectrum measurement of high-dose-rate radiation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2770, no. 1 (2024): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2770/1/012015.
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Abstract Currently, spectrometers are almost used for spectrum measuring of low-dose-rate radiation. Therefore, the sensitive volume of the spectrometer detector is usually big, and the width of the nuclear pulse is often wide. The pulse throughput of the spectrometer does not have to be very high. However, if a nuclear accident or a nuclear burst occurs, the dose rate will be high. When we measure the spectrum of the radiation, pulses output from the spectrometer detector will pile up seriously. The current spectrometer cannot meet the needs of high-dose-rate radiation energy spectrum measurement. To solve the problem of spectrum measuring of high-dose-rate radiation, in this paper, a solution of measuring the gamma spectrum of high-dose-rate radiation is put forward, and many measures are taken, such as lessening the detector volume, detector shielding, narrowing down the nuclear pulse width, pulse anti-pileup, and increasing the pulse throughput of the multi-channel analyzer through FPGA parallel processing. Analysis design and experiment show that the gamma spectrum of high-dose-rate radiation can be measured through these measures.
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Linden-Carmichael, Ashley N., Brian H. Calhoun, Megan E. Patrick, and Jennifer L. Maggs. "Are protective behavioral strategies associated with fewer negative consequences on high-intensity drinking days? Results from a measurement-burst design." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 32, no. 8 (2018): 904–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000421.
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Wang, M., Z. Bian, Y. Wang, et al. "A 64-channel high-time resolution digital waveform sampling electronic system based on DRS4 for positron burst annihilation lifetime measurement." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 10 (2022): T10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/t10001.
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Abstract Measurements of the positron burst annihilation lifetime place high demand on the time discrimination of electronics. DRS4 chips based on switched capacitor array technology (SCA) are used to develop an electronic system with a total (2048 + 256)-channel sampling rate up to 5.12 GSPS, which can provide better time resolution and flexible data processing. The electronic system is modular in design and includes a front-end waveform sampling module (WSM) with 32 waveform sampling boards, each with 64 input channels plus 8 additional channels(one per DRS4 chip) for time calibaion, in addition to a back-end data processing module (DPM). The fan-out circuit integrated with the DPM will fan out the T0 signal in multiple stages at the time of positron burst generation and provide a common starting time and trigger signal for every DRS4 chip in the WSM. In this electronic system, the jitter of T0 after three-stage fan-out is 18 ps. After DC offset correction and time interval nonuniformity calibration, the coincidence time resolution with other channels is about 21 ps (σ). In addition, we correct the time difference of different channels of different chips, which is caused by different trace lengths of the multi-level fan-out T0 signal and the different fabrication processes. The electronic system is used to evaluate a 64-pixel detector module, and the time resolution of the detection module is measured to be 44 ps (σ).
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Lake, Tom, David Glasby, Jose Horrillo-Caraballo, et al. "low-cost, high-fidelity converging-beam Doppler instrument for measuring velocity and turbulence at tidal energy sites." International Marine Energy Journal 7, no. 1 (2024): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.7.11-24.
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Traditional Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) instruments measure marine flow velocities along diverging acoustic beams. This allows estimation of approximate mean velocity and turbulence at a point between the beams. Alternatively, a converging beam instrument can measure velocity components at a single point and hence provide a higher quality measurement. Here we show a new design of instrument with converging beams together with some preliminary flow measurement results. The instrument is constructed around a triangular frame with Doppler transceivers on the ends of cable stayed arms. It is designed to be installed and recovered from the seabed without use of a crane vessel. This is achieved by a pressurised air buoyancy system. The system can be slipway launched with a boat trailer and flat packed for transport on the same trailer. The system performed well for three test deployments; however, measurements of the seabed stability of the frame showed undesirable flexing of one arm when it was positioned perpendicular to the main flow direction. A traditional ADCP was located on the frame and the two instruments were operated in burst mode, with each instrument measuring alternately every 20 minutes. Results for velocity and turbulent kinetic energy at the same depth are reported for both instruments and compared. A 2D oceanographic model of the deployment site is used as an additional point of comparison to illuminate some differences in the mean flow velocity observations of both instruments. This instrument will add significantly to measurement capabilities at tidal stream turbine deployment locations. Improved turbulence measurements will give better understanding of turbine loading and hence improve reliability of these systems. The unit can also be used to deploy different types of sensors for oceanographic measurements.
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Wang, Qian, Ziying Mo, Benle Yin, Lianming Zhang, and Pingping Dong. "Bounding the Upper Delays of the Tactile Internet Using Deterministic Network Calculus." Electronics 12, no. 1 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010021.
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With the increasing popularity of time-sensitive network applications and the gradual integration of the Tactile Internet into people’s lives, how to ensure ultra-low latency has become a demand and challenge for network performance. Therefore, it is extremely important to analyze the performance of the Tactile Internet. In this paper, we propose an analytical model based on deterministic network calculus (DNC) to quantitatively derive the end-to-end performance bounds of the Tactile Internet, develop a tandem model describing the communication of the Tactile Internet network, and analyze delay-related traffic parameters, such as arrival rate and burst size. We investigate the variation of the accuracy of the DNC analytical model and the measurement model under different parameters, and verify the accuracy of the proposed DNC analytical model by theoretical derivation and analysis and comparison with the measurement model under the NS3 platform. We discuss the impact of relevant parameters on the delay boundaries to determine which network configuration enables the end-to-end delay to meet the established requirements. This will provide valuable guidance for the design of Tactile Internet architectures.
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Röcke, Christina, Christiane A. Hoppmann, and Petra L. Klumb. "Correspondence Between Retrospective and Momentary Ratings of Positive and Negative Affect in Old Age: Findings From a One-Year Measurement Burst Design." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 66B, no. 4 (2011): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr024.
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McNeil, Jessica, Krista G. Clark, William M. Adams, et al. "Sleep, Health Outcomes and Body Weight (SHOW) study: a measurement burst design study on sleep and risk factors for obesity in black emerging adults in North Carolina, USA." BMJ Open 14, no. 7 (2024): e087950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087950.
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Introduction Black emerging adults (18–28 years) have the highest risk of short sleep duration and obesity. This increased risk may be partly explained by greater stress levels, which may result from race-related stress (racial discrimination and heightened race-related vigilance) or living in more disadvantaged home and neighbourhood environments. Insufficient sleep may also impact obesity risk via several weight-related mechanisms including energy balance, appetite and food reward, cortisol profiles and hydration status. This paper describes the rationale, design and methods for the Sleep, Health Outcomes and Body Weight (SHOW) study. This study aims to prospectively assess the effects of sleep, race-related stress and home/neighbourhood environments on weight-related mechanisms and obesity markers (body weight, waist circumference and fat mass) in 150 black emerging adults. Methods and analysis The SHOW study follows a measurement burst design that includes 3, 7-day data collection bursts (baseline, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups). Sleep is measured with three methods: sleep diary, actigraphy and polysomnography. Energy balance over 7 days is based on resting and postprandial energy expenditure measured via indirect calorimetry, physical activity via accelerometry and self-reported and ad libitum energy intake methods. Self-reported methods and blood biomarkers assess fasting and postprandial appetite profiles and a behavioural-choice task measures food reward. Cortisol awakening response and diurnal cortisol profiles over 3 days are assessed via saliva samples and chronic cortisol exposure via a hair sample. Hydration markers are assessed with 24-hour urine collection over 3 days and fasting blood biomarkers. Race-related stress is self-reported over 7 days. Home and neighbourhood environments (via the Windshield Survey) is observer assessed. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was granted by the University of North Carolina at Greensboro’s Institutional Review Board. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, presentations at scientific meetings and reports, briefs/infographics for lay and community audiences.
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Salthouse, Timothy A. "Robust Cognitive Change." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 4 (2012): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617712000380.
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AbstractTwo major challenges facing researchers interested in cognitive change are that measures of change are often not very reliable, and they may reflect effects of prior test experience in addition to the factors of primary interest. One approach to dealing with these problems is to obtain multiple measures of change on parallel versions of the same tests in a measurement burst design. A total of 783 adults performed three parallel versions of cognitive tests on two occasions separated by an average of 2.6 years. Performance increased substantially across the three sessions within each occasion, and for all but vocabulary ability these within-occasion improvements were considerably larger than the between-occasion changes. Reliabilities of the changes in composite scores were low, but averages of the three changes had larger, albeit still quite modest, reliabilities. In some cognitive abilities individual differences were evident in the relation of prior test experience and the magnitude of longitudinal change. Although multiple assessments are more time consuming than traditional measurement procedures, the resulting estimates of change are more robust than those from conventional methods, and also allow the influence of practice on change to be systematically investigated. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–8)
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Gerlach, Martin Enno, Maximilian Zajonc, and Bernd Ponick. "Mechanical stress and deformation in the rotors of a high-speed PMSM and IM." e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 138, no. 2 (2021): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-021-00866-5.
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AbstractHigh-speed electric machines are gaining importance in the field of traction drives and aviation due to their high power density. The evaluation of the mechanical stress in the rotor is one crucial part in the design process for this type of machines. The mechanical stress cannot be measured directly. Accordingly, a validation of the calculated mechanical stress is difficult and normally not performed. Instead of the mechanical stress, the deformation at the rotor surface can be measured using a spin test machine with distance sensors. The deformation can then be used to validate the calculation results.In this paper, the mechanical load exerted on an IM rotor for a $60\,\text{kW}/20000\,\frac{1}{\text{min}}$ 60 kW / 20000 1 min high-speed electric machine and an PMSM rotor for a $75~\text{kW}/25000\,\frac{1}{\text{min}}$ 75 kW / 25000 1 min high-speed electric machine is analysed in detail. The mechanical stress and the deformation are calculated and analysed using a FEM simulation model. Then, a spin test is performed on the two rotors. First, the burst speed is determined by operating two rotor samples above their defined test speed. Then, the deformation is measured at the rotor surface for different operating speeds and the defined test speed. The measurement and the simulation results are compared and discussed.It can be shown that the two designs do not exceed the maximum mechanical stress for the defined operating range. In the deformation measurement of the IM rotor, a plastic deformation up to $\varepsilon _{\text{IM, pl}} = 8$ ε IM, pl = 8 μm and elastic deformation up to $\varepsilon _{\text{IM, el}}=22$ ε IM, el = 22 μm can be seen. In regards to plastics, PMSM rotor expands up to $\varepsilon _{\text{PMSM, pl}}= 5$ ε PMSM, pl = 5 μm. The maximum elastic deformation of the PMSM rotor is $\varepsilon _{\text{PMSM, el}}=40$ ε PMSM, el = 40 μm. The comparison of the calculated and the measured elastic deformation shows good accordance for the two rotor types. Both models are capable of describing the deformation and the state of stress in the rotors. In burst tests, both rotors withstand rotational speeds far above the defined test speed.
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Houben, Marlies, and Peter Kuppens. "Emotion Dynamics and the Association With Depressive Features and Borderline Personality Disorder Traits: Unique, Specific, and Prospective Relationships." Clinical Psychological Science 8, no. 2 (2019): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619871962.
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Patterns of emotional change in daily life have been consistently linked to depressive and borderline personality disorder (BPD) features. However, dynamic measures and average affect show considerable statistical overlap, and depressive and BPD features are comorbid. Moreover, the prospective nature of these relationships is unclear. We used a measurement burst design in which 202 young adults with varying levels of psychopathological features participated in a week-long experience sampling at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Taking overlap into account, we found that BPD traits were uniquely and specifically linked to higher levels of variability in negative affect (NA). For depressive features, indications were found for a specific association with inertia of NA, but these results were not robust and consistent. In fact, overall, incremental predictive power of the dynamic measures above mean affect was limited, especially for depressive features. Prospective relationships showed that psychopathological features predicted stronger emotion dynamic patterns 1 year later rather than the other way around.
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Lizunov, A., T. Berbasova, A. Khilchenko, et al. "High resolution Thomson scattering diagnostic for measurements of radial profiles of electron temperature and density in the gas dynamic trap." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 3 (2023): 033509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123329.
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The incoherent Thomson scattering diagnostic with multiple lines of sight is installed at the gas dynamic trap (GDT) for measurements of radial profiles of the plasma electron temperature and density. The diagnostic is built on the Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm. The laser input beamline is provided with an automatic system for alignment status monitoring and correction. The collecting lens uses ∼90° scattering geometry having 11 lines of sight in total. Presently, six of them (covering the full plasma radius from the axis to the limiter) are equipped with high etendue (f/2.4) interference filter spectrometers. The design of the spectrometer’s data acquisition system based on the “time stretch” principle allowed for the 12 bits vertical resolution with a sampling rate of 5 GSample/s and a maximum sustainable measurement repetition frequency of 40 kHz. The repetition frequency is the crucial parameter for the study of plasma dynamics with a new pulse burst laser to be started in early 2023. Results of the diagnostic operation in several GDT campaigns show that radial profiles are routinely delivered with the typical observation error of 2%–3% for T e ⩾ 20 eV in a single pulse. After Raman scattering calibration, the diagnostic is capable to measure the electron density profile with the resolution [Formula: see text] and error bars of 5%.
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Buhr, Lilly, Tomasz Moschko, Anne Eppinger Ruiz de Zarate, Ulrike Schwarz, Jan Kühnhausen, and Caterina Gawrilow. "The Association of Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms and Sleep in Daily Life of a General Population Sample of School Children: An Inter- and Intraindividual Perspective." Brain Sciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040440.
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Sleep and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have repeatedly been found to be associated with each other. However, the ecological validity of daily life studies to examine the effect of sleep on ADHD symptoms is rarely made use of. In an ambulatory assessment study with measurement burst design, consisting of three bursts (each 6 months apart) of 18 days each, 70 German schoolchildren aged 10–12 years reported on their sleep quality each morning and on their subjective ADHD symptom levels as well as their sleepiness three times a day. It was hypothesized that nightly sleep quality is negatively associated with ADHD symptoms on the inter- as well as the intraindividual level. Thus, we expected children who sleep better to report higher attention and self-regulation. Additionally, sleepiness during the day was hypothesized to be positively associated with ADHD symptoms on both levels, meaning that when children are sleepier, they experience more ADHD symptoms. No association of sleep quality and ADHD symptoms between or within participants was found in multilevel analyses; also, no connection was found between ADHD symptoms and daytime sleepiness on the interindividual level. Unexpectedly, a negative association was found on the intraindividual level for ADHD symptoms and daytime sleepiness, indicating that in moments when children are sleepier during the day, they experience less ADHD symptoms. Explorative analyses showed differential links of nightly sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, with the core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, respectively. Therefore, future analyses should take the factor structure of ADHD symptoms into account.
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Silva, Bárbara Cristiane Sordi, Lilian Cássia Bórnia Jacob-Corteletti, Tyuana Sandim da Silveira Sassi, Juliana Nogueira Chaves, Eliene Silva Araújo, and Kátia de Freitas Alvarenga. "Contralateral Masking in the Measurement of Auditory Brainstem Responses with Air-Conducted Tone Burst Stimuli in Individuals with Unilateral Hearing Loss." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 32, no. 04 (2021): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1722985.
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Abstract Background Contralateral noise masking is an important aspect of auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements. Purpose The primary aim of this study is to determine how contralateral white noise (WN) masking influences the amplitude and the latency of V wave generated during ABR measurements, using tone burst (TB), in adult ears with normal hearing (NH). The secondary aim of this study is to ascertain the need of contralateral masking in ABR measurements with the TB stimuli using a 3A insertion earphone, and to propose the applicability of WN masking in unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL). Research Design It is a cross-sectional observational and descriptive study. Study Sample Experiment 1: Thirty individuals, without any otologic, psychological, or neurological dysfunction, were selected. Experiment 2: Fifteen individuals with previous audiological diagnoses of severe and profound USNHL were considered. Intervention The study involves ABR TB at specific frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Data Collection and Analysis Experiment 1: The evaluation was performed at the fixed intensity of 80 dB nHL (decibel normalized hearing level) on the tested ear, followed by the application of simultaneous masking to the nontested ear, intensity ranged from 0 to 80 dB. Experiment 2: ABR threshold measurements were first performed on the ear with hearing loss (HL) at the frequencies of 1, 2, and 4 kHz. The results were subsequently confirmed using contralateral masking. Results Experiment 1: At any given frequency, there were no statistically significant differences in the amplitude and latency of V wave with increase in the intensities of WN masking. Experiment 2: Cross-hearing was observed at least once in all frequencies analyzed through the occurrence of V wave. Conclusion In conclusion, the contralateral WN masking at the maximum intensity of 80 dB does not affect the amplitude and latency of V wave of the ABR TB at 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Contralateral masking for the ABR TB presented using 3A insertion earphones is necessary at 1, 2, and 4 kHz in individuals with severe or profound degrees of USNHL and at intensities of 15, 20, and 10 dB above the ABR threshold of the nontested ear.
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YUAN, SHOUCAI, and YAMEI LIU. "DUAL THRESHOLD VOLTAGE DOMINO ADDER DESIGN WITH PASS TRANSISTOR LOGIC USING STANDBY SWITCH FOR REDUCING SUB-THRESHOLD LEAKAGE CURRENT." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 03 (2014): 1450043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500431.
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Standby switch can strongly turn off all the high threshold voltage transistors, which enhances the effectiveness of a dual threshold voltage CMOS technology to reduce sub-threshold leakage current. Sub-threshold leakage currents are especially important in burst mode type integrated circuits where the system is in an idle mode in the majority of the time. The standby switch allows a domino system to enter and leave a low leakage standby mode within a single clock cycle. In addition, we combine domino dynamic logic with pass transistor XNOR and pass transistor NAND gates to achieve logic 1 output during its precharge phase without affecting circuits operation in its evaluation and standby phase. The required process for dual threshold voltage circuit configuration involves only one additional ion implant step to provide an extra threshold voltage. SPICE simulation for our proposed circuits is made using a 0.18 μm CMOS processes from TSMC, with 10 fF capacitive loads in all output nodes, and parameters for typical process corner at 25°C. Layout is designed, wafer is fabricate and measured. The measurement results of fabricated chips are listed and verify that our designed 8-bit carry look-ahead adders (CLAs) reduced power consumption and propagation delay time by more than 15% and around 20%, respectively, when compared with the prior work.
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Oravecz, Zita, Joachim Vandekerckhove, Cuiling Wang, Mindy Katz, Jonathan Hakun, and Martin Sliwinski. "FEATURES OF LEARNING FROM HIGH-FREQUENCY COGNITIVE ASSESSMENTS AS DIGITAL BIOMARKERS OF COGNITIVE CHANGE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2043.
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Abstract In measurement burst designs, participants’ cognitive performance is measured multiple times per day, for several days, forming a measurement burst. Ideally, these are repeated once or twice a year as people age. Such rich longitudinal data are generated by multiple processes (e.g., aging and learning) that operate on multiple timescales. We propose a Bayesian process model that can extract person-specific, substantively meaningful features of learning and change from such data. We show how to model retest gains across measurement bursts, as well as warm-up effects within a burst, while quantifying change across bursts in peak performance and accounting for short-term within-person variability. Individual differences in these features are also linked with psychosocial variables and biomarkers of cognitive decline in a one-step analysis. We also highlight how this approach allows for drawing intuitive inferences on cognitive decline with Bayesian posterior probabilities.
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Roche, Remi, and Fatma Yalcinkaya. "Incorporation of PVDF Nanofibre Multilayers into Functional Structure for Filtration Applications." Nanomaterials 8, no. 10 (2018): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8100771.
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Membranes are considered as a promising technology for separation and filtration processes. Here, novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous multilayer membranes were fabricated by wire-based industrial electrospinning equipment following by a lamination process. The lamination process was optimised under various applied temperature, force of lamination, and lamination time. Air permeability and burst-pressure tests were run to determine the optimum membranes for filtration application. The structures of the prepared membranes were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and pore-size analysis. The hydrophilic properties of the membranes were evaluated using water contact angle measurement, and the mechanical strength of the membranes was analysed. Air and water filtration tests were run to find the possible application of prepared membranes. The air filtration results showed that membranes had high filtration efficiencies: Over 99.00% for PM2.5, and PM0.1. The water filtration results indicated that permeability of the membranes changed from 288 to 3275 L/m2hbar. The successful preparation of such an interesting material may provide a new approach for the design and development of electrospun filter membranes.
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Yang, Ting-Ting, Yuan-Zheng Cheng, Meng Qin, et al. "Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogels Containing Polymeric Microspheres for Vaginal Drug Delivery." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3564060.
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Thermosensitive hydrogels have increasingly received considerable attention for local drug delivery based on many advantages. However, burst release of drugs is becoming a critical challenge when the hydrogels are employed. Microspheres- (MS-) loaded thermosensitive hydrogels were thus fabricated to address this limitation. Employing an orthogonal design, the spray-dried operations of tenofovir (TFV)/Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP)/chitosan (CTS) MS were optimized according to the drug loading (DL). The physicochemical properties of the optimal MS (MS F) were characterized. Depending on the gelation temperature and gelating time, the optimal CTS-sodium alginate- (SA-) α,β-glycerophosphate (GP) (CTS-SA-GP) hydrogel was obtained. Observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), TFV/BSP/CTS MS were successfully encapsulated in CTS-SA-GP. In vitro releasing demonstrated that MS F-CTS-SA-GP retained desirable in vitro sustained-release characteristics as a vaginal delivery system. Bioadhesion measurement showed that MS-CTS-SA-GP exhibited the highest mucoadhesive strength. Collectively, MS-CTS-SA-GP holds great promise for topical applications as a sustained-release vaginal drug delivery system.
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Layland, Eric K., Brian H. Calhoun, Michael A. Russell, and Jennifer L. Maggs. "Is Alcohol and Other Substance Use Reduced When College Students Attend Alcohol-Free Programs? Evidence from a Measurement Burst Design Before and After Legal Drinking Age." Prevention Science 20, no. 3 (2018): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0877-6.
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Dille, Marilyn F., Roger M. Ellingson, Garnett P. McMillan, and Dawn Konrad-Martin. "ABR Obtained from Time-Efficient Train Stimuli for Cisplatin Ototoxicity Monitoring." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 09 (2013): 769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.9.2.
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Background: Nonbehavioral methods for identifying cisplatin ototoxicity are important for testing patients with cancer who become too tired or sick to provide a reliable response. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a nonbehavioral test that is sensitive to ototoxicity but can be time consuming to implement over a range of frequencies and/or levels. To address this issue, trains of stimuli were developed that offer reliable ABR testing over a range of tone-burst frequencies and levels at a time savings of 77% relative to tone-burst stimuli presented individually. The clinical accuracy of this new method has yet to be determined on a clinical population. Purpose: This project was designed to determine the test performance of a time-effective ABR methodology aimed at identifying hearing shifts from cisplatin among veterans. A secondary goal was to determine whether improved test performance could be achieved by including our previously developed ototoxicity risk assessment model in the ABR prediction algorithm. Research Design: A set of discriminant functions were derived using logistic regression to model the risk for cisplatin-induced hearing change. Independent variables were one of several ABR metrics alone and combined with an ototoxicity risk assessment model that includes pre-exposure hearing and cisplatin dose. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the test performance of these discriminant functions. Study Sample: Twenty-two male veterans treated with cisplatin for various cancers provided data from a total of 71 monitoring appointments. Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected prospectively from one ear of each participant as designated below. Hearing shift was determined for frequencies within an octave of each patient's high-frequency hearing limit, tested in 1/6th-octave steps. ABRs were monitored using a set of two intensity trains from the highest two multiple frequency tone-burst center frequencies (up to 11.3 kHz) that yielded a robust response at baseline. Each intensity train was presented at 65–105 dB peSPL in 10 dB steps. Scorable ABRs were generally limited to the highest two intensities; therefore, analyses concern those levels. Results: The ABR measurement failure was high, up to 52% for some frequencies and levels. Furthermore, the ABR was not frequently obtained at levels below 85 dB peSPL, consistent with previous studies that suggest a stimulus level of greater than 80 dB peSPL is required to obtain a reliable response to trained stimuli. Using multivariate metrics that included the dose-ototoxicity model, the most accurate scoring function was change in amplitude at lowest half-octave frequency obtained at 105 dB (change in wave V amplitude at frequency 2/105). However, absence of wave V at a monitor patient visit of the ABR response at levels 105 or 95 dB peSPL was deemed the preferred scoring function, because it had lower measurement failure and was within one standard error of the most accurate function. Conclusions: Because of the large number of responses that could not be measured at baseline, this technique as implemented holds limited value as an ototoxicity-monitoring method.
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Zhang, Yuezheng, Hongguang Ji, and Hanhua Xu. "Study on the Law of Rock Anelastic Recovery and the Characteristics of In Situ Stress Field of 2000 m Deep Stratum in Metal Mines of Coastal Area." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (April 12, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2152814.
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In situ stress field in deep strata is dominated by self-weight stress and tectonic stress, which is the dynamic source of a series of mining dynamic disasters such as rock burst, mine earthquake, and collapse. To develop deep resources and build deep engineering construction, the distribution characteristics of the in situ stress field must first be ascertained, so as to provide a basic basis for the engineering surrounding rock support design and disaster risk prevention and control. In this paper, taking the Sanshandao Gold Mine in the coastal area as the engineering background, in the early stage of the construction of the 2000 m deep shaft, the anelastic strain recovery method was used to measure the deep in situ stress field. The laws and characteristics of hysteretic elastic recovery of rock at different depths are obtained through experiments, and the effects of temperature, time, and other factors on strain recovery are revealed. The in situ stress test results are basically consistent with the traditional test methods. This method has low operational complexity and better application effect in deep formations. The research has accumulated test experience and basis for carrying out in situ stress measurement in the range of 2000 m and even deeper.
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Ruiz, John M., Daniel J. Taylor, Bert N. Uchino, et al. "Evaluating the longitudinal risk of social vigilance on atherosclerosis: study protocol for the North Texas Heart Study." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (2017): e017345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017345.
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IntroductionPsychosocial factors are increasingly recognised as important determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. The North Texas Heart Study aims to understand the mechanisms responsible for this association with a focus on social vigilance (ie, scanning the environment for social threats). There is also growing interest in supplementing traditional methods (eg, survey assessment of psychosocial risk paired with cross-sectional and longitudinal health outcomes) with daily or repeated momentary assessment of psychosocial factors. However, there are relatively few longitudinal studies directly comparing these approaches with hard endpoints.Methods and analysisThe North Texas Heart Study proposes a longitudinal measurement burst design to examine psychosocial determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis. A sample of 300 healthy community participants, stratified by age and gender, will complete survey measures, as well as 2 days of ecological momentary assessment at baseline and at a 2-year follow-up. A range of psychosocial and behavioural factors, objective biomarkers, as well as carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) will be assessed at both time points. Unadjusted and adjusted models will evaluate cross-sectional associations and determinants of change in the cIMT.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Board at the study coordinating institute (University of North Texas) has approved this study. Positive, negative or inconclusive primary and ancillary findings will be disseminated in scientific journals and conferences.
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Almeida, David, and Daniel Mroczek. "Stress Processes Over 2 Decades: Findings From the National Study of Daily Experiences." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.822.
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Abstract Daily experiences of stress and the associated sequelae of affective and physiological changes represent the multiple dimensions of a complex, time-dependent process of how stressors unfold in daily life. Daily diaries capture these time-sensitive processes as they occur under real world conditions. Longitudinal changes in stress processes can then be tracked using a measurement burst design: daily diaries repeated longitudinally. Using this design, the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) has generated more than 35,000 days of data from a national sample of over 2,500 adults assessed repeatedly across 20 years of adulthood. The NSDE features details of more than 10,000 reports daily stress including exposure, appraisal and affective responses from adults ranging in age from 24 to 95 years. The current symposium leverages this unique and influential dataset to examine age differences and aging-related changes in daily stress processes with four presentations from the NSDE. First, Dr. Robert Stawski will discuss longitudinal change and age-related differences in exposure to multiple types of daily stressors. Next, Dr. Susan Charles will examine age differences and change in a key element of the stress process: negative affect. Third, Dr. Eric Cerino will describe longitudinal change in appraisals of daily stressors focusing on stressor control. Finally, Dr. David Almeida will examine changes in negative affect reactivity to daily stressors across the 20 years of the NSDE. Dr. Dan Mroczek will discuss the picture these presentations provide of how aging and age-differences impact the daily stress process and future directions for understanding these trajectories.
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Wang, Yifan, Kefu Liu, Xiaowei Xiang, Caihui Zhu, and Hao Wang. "The impedance analysis of small intestine fusion by pulse source." Open Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (2020): 808–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0082.
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AbstractThe radiofrequency-induced intestine fusion has been widely studied as an alternative for traditional suture in surgery, but fusion quality cannot be evaluated directly. Impedance measurement can evaluate fusion quality, but the relation between impedance and the fusion quality needs optimization for best results. The present study reports the optimum resistance of small intestine fusion. As the feedback signal, resistance was considered the indicator of the fusion completion for the device design of intestine fusion and an in-depth study of microstructure change. A self-design pulse source was used for the small intestine fusion with adjustable voltage, duty ratio, frequency and output time. A frequency of 440 kHz was set, whereas voltage, output time and compression pressure (CP) of the small intestine were independent variables. Different conditions of voltage, CP and time were investigated for achieving the highest burst pressure (BP) measured with a pressure gauge and a peristaltic pump. Each parameter of the equivalent circuit model was calculated by an experimental waveform. Hematoxylin–eosin staining of fusion samples was used for assessing the quality of fusion. The real-time current was measured and recorded during the fusion for the calculation of capacitance and resistance. The highest BP of 38.9 mmHg was achieved with a CP of 900 kPa, a voltage of 50 V and a time of 5 s. Finally, an optimum extracellular resistance range of 61.0–86.2 Ω was found as the optimum resistance for the end of fusion, thus indicating automatic fusion with the best fusion quality.
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Wang, Hao, Yu Wang, Shuang Zhao, Lan-ping Wang, and Hui An. "The transnational comparative study on the potential risks and efficiency of commercial banks based on the weight-limited DEA model." China Finance Review International 8, no. 4 (2018): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-06-2017-0126.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to calculate the bank efficiency of removing potential risks that are hidden from the extreme portfolio of bank’s assets and further compare the differences and causes of bank’s efficiency and potential risk level between China’s representative banks and OECD representative banks in 2011-2015. Design/methodology/approach Based on the weight-limited DEA model, this paper calculates the bank’s efficiency and further compares the differences between China’s representative banks and OECD representative banks by using commercial banks’ transnational data. Findings By analyzing US representative banks’ data, the authors find that the excessive expansion of the scale of banks’ investment for the non-real economy shrinks after the bubble burst and would not improve the efficiency of banks immediately. The OECD representative banks rather prefer to extreme asset portfolio so that the potential risks gradually increase, while there is a diminishing effect on investments in non-real economies to improve bank efficiency. On the other hand, China’s representative banks have the signs of reducing investment in the real estate market, but the existence of the bubble in the market led to a lagged effect on the impact of adjustment of bank asset portfolio on efficiency. Research limitations/implications This paper has practical significance for commercial banks to improve efficiency and reduce credit risks. This is conducive to the implementation of targeted supervision by the banking supervision department. Practical implications Based on the lesson that the financial crisis created by the real estate bubble burst in the USA in 2008 and the financial market active guidance of the developed economies, faced with the reality of Chinese real estate market bubble rising and the continuous improvement of Chinese financial market, this paper compares the differences between representative banks in China and OECD, and explores the causes by using the cross-country data of commercial banks. Originality/value By adjusting the weight of the input variables in the efficiency measurement, quantifying the risk is often overlooked by the changes in bank efficiency. This potential risk is caused by the bank’s investment preferences in the non-real economy represented by real estate and tradable financial assets.