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Journal articles on the topic 'Measuring steering wheel'
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1
Nacpil, Edric, Zheng Wang, Rencheng Zheng, Tsutomu Kaizuka, and Kimihiko Nakano. "Design and Evaluation of a Surface Electromyography-Controlled Steering Assistance Interface." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061308.
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Millions of drivers could experience shoulder muscle overload when rapidly rotating steering wheels and reduced steering ability at increased steering wheel angles. In order to address these issues for drivers with disability, surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors measuring biceps brachii muscle activity were incorporated into a steering assistance system for remote steering wheel rotation. The path-following accuracy of the sEMG interface with respect to a game steering wheel was evaluated through driving simulator trials. Human participants executed U-turns with differing radii of curvature. For a radius of curvature equal to the minimum vehicle turning radius of 3.6 m, the sEMG interface had significantly greater accuracy than the game steering wheel, with intertrial median lateral errors of 0.5 m and 1.2 m, respectively. For a U-turn with a radius of 7.2 m, the sEMG interface and game steering wheel were comparable in accuracy, with respective intertrial median lateral errors of 1.6 m and 1.4 m. The findings of this study could be utilized to realize accurate sEMG-controlled automobile steering for persons with disability.
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Craighead, I. A. "Sensing tyre pressure, damper condition and wheel balance from vibration measurements." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526416.
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The majority of disturbance and control forces affecting a vehicle are transmitted through the tyre-ground interfaces. For optimum performance, components at each wheel station should be regularly inspected and maintained. Failure to maintain tyre pressures at correct levels results in increased tyre wear, increased fuel consumption, reduced ride comfort and degradation of vehicle handling. Worn dampers also reduce ride comfort and are detrimental to handling. Unbalanced wheels lead to vibration and wear in steering linkages. A system is proposed which will monitor these parameters while the vehicle is being driven in the normal way. The system is based upon measuring the vertical vibration at each wheel/axle station. Subsequent signal processing enables a dashboard indication of tyre pressures, damper effectiveness and wheel unbalance to be made available to the driver.
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Smolenkov, Fedor, and Igor Blyankinshtein. "The Diagnosing of Vehicle Steering System by Video Recording Method." MATEC Web of Conferences 334 (2021): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133402018.
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The possibility of vehicle steering system diagnosis based on analysis and visualization data processing is considered. The video recording method for the diagnostic troubleshooting of steering system and front suspension group is proposed. The method provides for placement of the motor vehicle on the diagnostic station, with further webcamera installation for measuring the steering wheel rotation angle and clear contract marking on the steering joint under experiment, setting the webcamera to fix and record the beginning of the movement steering joint under experiment, the video registration of the steering test results and further video processing using dedicated software. The outcomes of the evaluation of the method is delivered.
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Xiong, Xin Min, and Yan Hou. "Study on the Control System of Electric Vehicle Anti-Rollover Based on DSP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.779.
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According to the actual need of vehicle anti-rollover, based on the current technology of measuring speed, weighing and measuring turn angle, an anti-rollover control system with differential braking and turn angle limit function for electrical vehicle was researched. The system uses data signal processor (DSP) as the core controller, and includes the speed measuring circuit, the weighing circuit, the steering angle measuring circuit and the steering wheel control circuit. The speed measuring circuit using the orthogonal pulse photoelectric encoder and DSP can realize the acquisition and calculation of speed. The weighing circuit with capacitance sensor can convert the load of vehicle axle to the voltage signal. A/D conversion is completed by DSP, and the vehicle load is calculated with V-M mathematic model. The turn angle measuring circuit is composed of the photoelectric angle sensor, the filter and DSP' counter. The control program of the system was also designed.
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Kumari B.M, Kusuma, Sampada Sethi, Ramakanth Kumar P, Nishant Kumar, and Atulit Shankar. "Driver Drowsiness Detection System Using Sensors." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v6i3.pp139-145.
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<p>A low-cost and simple distributed sensors model that is particularly suitable for measuring eye blink of the driver, accident and hand position on a steering wheel. These sensors can be used in automotive active safety systems that aim at detecting driver’s fatigue, a major issue to prevent road accidents. The key point of this approach is to design a prototype of sensor units, so that it can serve as platform for integrating different kinds of sensors into the steering wheel. Since the sensors are attached to the steering wheel, therefore they can’t be detached by the driver. It will also detect dangerous stylish driving which may lead to fatal accidents. The major drawback is that the eye blink sensors frame worn by the driver can be removed causing the sensor non-operational. The outcome is that the vibrator attached to eye blink sensor’s frame vibrates if the driver shuts his eyes for approximately 3 seconds and also the LCD displays the respective warning message. The wheel is slowed or stopped depending on the condition. This is accompanied by the vehicle’s owner being notified through the GSM module, so the owner can retrieve the driver’s location, photograph and a list of nearby police stations through an android mobile application. Therefore, driver can be alerted during drowsiness and the owner can be notified simultaneously.</p>
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HIROTA, Atsunari, Harushige YANAGISAWA, and Tadashi HATANO. "Method for Measuring Real Handling Force of Automobile Uninfluenced by Inertia Force of Steering Wheel." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 63, no. 609 (1997): 1523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.63.1523.
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Koshiyama, Atsushi, and Kazuo Yamafuji. "Development and Motion Control of the All-Direction Steering-Type Mobile Robot (2nd Report: Principle, Control Methods and Experiments on Steering of the Robot)." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 5, no. 2 (April 20, 1993): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1993.p0150.
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This paper reports the principle, control methods and experimental results of the steering control of a spherically shaped, all-direction steering-type mobile robot developed in this study. By applying a spiral rotation method proposed here, we achieved the robot's rotational and steering controls. Angle detection mechanisms for the robot's posture and measuring methods are also detailed. By virtue of the one-point contact with the ground and the aforementioned rotation principle of rotations, the robot can perform unique rotational actions. Furthermore, we confirmed that the postural stability control of the arched body shown in the previous papers contributed to speeding up the rotation of the robot. The experimental results show that the cooperative controls of the arched body, the controlling arch and the wheel make the robot travel in all directions and adds to the maneuverability of the robot. Therefore, it is expected that the robot has great capabilities not only in service applications but also as an amusement robot for personal and other applications.
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Li, Pei Xin, Yan Ding Wei, Xiao Jun Zhou, Chun Yu Wei, Ming Xiang Xie, and Fang Tang. "Research on Fidelity of Driving Simulators." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1880.
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Through analyzing the specialty and limitation of the current driving simulators, the main factors affecting fidelity of driving simulators are summarized. Then, a new driving simulator of high fidelity based on the multi-body dynamics is proposed, with focus on the dynamics modeling and the road feel. Furthermore, a control algorithm of the road feel is designed and by the means of co-simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and ADAMS environment, the measuring steering wheel torque proves the control algorithm of road feel is reasonable. The control algorithm has been put into practice and got satisfactory results.
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Hsu, J.-C., R.-H. Lin, and E. C. Yeh. "Vision-based motion measurement by directly extracting image features for vehicular steering control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526434.
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An image sensing technique is developed using image plane analysis to measure the vehicular motion variables through an in-vehicle camera. A new measurement model is derived to directly connect the image features of vanishing point and base point with the desired motion variables comprising heading angle, lateral deviation, yaw rate and sideslip angle of the vehicle. These are useful in vehicular steering control applications such as automatic and four-wheel steering systems for providing feedback motion information in a convenient way. In order to test the proposed vision-based measuring scheme, a computerized road scene is simulated as the test sample using a newly proposed model for curvature-based road generation. Finally, experimental works are performed using the real road scene to verify the image sensing method. Consistent results are obtained by comparing with other measurements from a yaw rate gyro and from vehicular traces left on the road.
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Bazylev, Alexander V., Vladislav Y. Bychkov, Sergei V. Perevezentsev, and Valeri I. Plyushchaev. "HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR AUTOMATIC MOORING." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 64 (August 29, 2020): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi64.111.
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Nowadays the implementation of the concept of crew-free navigation is considered to be the urgent problem. It comprises many aspects related to the design of vessels, the creation of hardware and software base of navigation process control systems, algorithmic support for these systems, the development of new methods and means of measuring technological parameters, navigation and communication tools and so on. One of the most difficult procedures of the navigation process is mooring of the vessel. The article deals with the methods and means of measuring the parameters of the technological process of mooring the new type of vessel with a wheel propulsion and steering complex. Composition of the measuring instruments is established and the hardware base for implementing automatic mooring is selected. The base for creating a subsystem for automatic control of the ship's approach to the berth wall as a part of a computerized control system is proposed.
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Sidikova, Michaela, Radek Martinek, Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk, Martina Ladrova, Rene Jaros, Lukas Danys, and Petr Simonik. "Vital Sign Monitoring in Car Seats Based on Electrocardiography, Ballistocardiography and Seismocardiography: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 5699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195699.
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This paper focuses on a thorough summary of vital function measuring methods in vehicles. The focus of this paper is to summarize and compare already existing methods integrated into car seats with the implementation of inter alia capacitive electrocardiogram (cECG), mechanical motion analysis Ballistocardiography (BCG) and Seismocardiography (SCG). In addition, a comprehensive overview of other methods of vital sign monitoring, such as camera-based systems or steering wheel sensors, is also presented in this article. Furthermore, this work contains a very thorough background study on advanced signal processing methods and their potential application for the purpose of vital sign monitoring in cars, which is prone to various disturbances and artifacts occurrence that have to be eliminated.
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Maffiodo, Daniela, and Raffaella Sesana. "Loudness calculation procedure to study electronic steering column lock noise measurement." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 168781401881957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018819577.
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In the automotive field, the customer requirements for low interior noise and pleasant sound quality inside a vehicle are getting higher and higher. Various national and international regulatory authorities established and reviewed vehicle interior noise for the past years. Besides, lots of studies have shown that vehicle noise can influence the driver’s perceptions and also his or her driving capabilities. To succeed in this scenario, all manufacturers are investing in technology and research in order to improve their component performance. Working on the noise source so as to reduce the seriousness of these noise problems can be really effective. However, various engineering techniques are available to deal with noise and sound-measuring instruments, and systems can help to identify the nature of the problem and they can also be helpful in determining the right procedure to analyse the noise problem. This work proposes a procedure to evaluate the noise originated from an electronic steering column lock device which is used to lock and unlock the steering wheel according to European safety requirements. In particular, different standards and requirements for loudness evaluation have been discussed and the formulation of a straightforward procedure, which can be used to evaluate the loudness according to costumer’s requirements, is defined.
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Grácio, B. J. Correia, M. Wentink, and A. R. Valente Pais. "Driver Behavior Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Simulation for Advanced Driving Maneuvers." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00040.
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In advanced driving maneuvers, such as a slalom maneuver, it is assumed that drivers use all the available cues to optimize their driving performance. For example, in curve driving, drivers use lateral acceleration to adjust car velocity. The same result can be found in driving simulation. However, for comparable curves, drivers drove faster in fixed-base simulators than when actually driving a car. This difference in driving behavior decreases with the use of inertial motion feedback in simulators. The literature suggests that the beneficial effect of inertial cues in driving behavior increases with the difficulty of the maneuver. Therefore, for an extreme maneuver such as a fast slalom, a change in driving behavior is expected when a fixed-base condition is compared to a condition with inertial motion. It is hypothesized that driving behavior in a simulator changes when motion cues are present in extreme maneuvers. To test the hypothesis, a comparison between No-Motion and Motion car driving simulation was done, by measuring driving behavior in a fast slalom. A within-subjects design was used, with 20 subjects driving the fast slalom in both conditions. The average speed during the Motion condition was significantly lower than the average speed during the No-Motion condition. The same was found for the peak lateral acceleration generated by the car model. A power spectral density analysis performed on the steering wheel angle signal showed different control input behavior between the two experimental conditions. In addition, the results from a paired comparison showed that subjects preferred driving with motion feedback. From the lower driving speed and different control input on the steering wheel, we concluded that motion feedback led to a significant change in driving behavior.
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Burns, Peter C., Patricia L. Trbovich, Tara McCurdie, and Joanne L. Harbluk. "Measuring Distraction: Task Duration and the Lane-Change Test (LCT)." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 22 (September 2005): 1980–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902220.
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Considerable research activity (e.g., HASTE, CAMP, ADAM projects) is currently focused on producing protocols for assessing the distraction potential of in-vehicle tasks and devices. The Lane Change Test (LCT) is a relatively simple and low cost standardized test scenario designed for measuring driver distraction. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the LCT's ability to discriminate between different secondary tasks with different levels of workload. The LCT was used to assess the driving performance of twenty-one drivers while they performed typical navigation tasks, Point of Interest (POI) Entry and Destination Entry, each with a low and high workload version. The experimental set up included a steering wheel, foot pedals, monitor, computer and navigation system, all off the shelf. The results indicated that the LCT is a sensitive measure of driver distraction. The participants showed greater mean deviation in lane change path when driving while performing a secondary task (i.e., calibration and navigation tasks) than when driving without performing a secondary task (i.e., baseline). When driving while performing secondary tasks, drivers showed differences in lane change path deviations as a function task type and task complexity. These differences were also reflected in participants mean task time to complete the secondary tasks. The present research provides evidence that the LCT metric of lane change path deviations discriminates between different types and complexity levels of secondary tasks, and that these differences are a function of time taken to complete the secondary tasks.
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Kozioł, Stanisław. "Truck Driving Parameters - A Comparative Study." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.142.
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Rescue and fire-fighting vehicles and other vehicles used by the fire department, such as tankers and aerial ladder trucks have typically a high centre of gravity. Driving such vehicles involves the danger of transverse stability loss and rolling over. This problem is augmented by inadequate driver experience due to the low mileage of emergency vehicles. The safety of a moving vehicle largely depends on its driving characteristics, which can be studied and compared, and these in turn can be the basis for the evaluation of the vehicle safety with a specific body design.The aim of the study was to develop a set of measuring devices for identifying driving properties for trucks. A dynamics study was conducted using constructed prototype solutions for selected trucks with a high centre of gravity, including emergency vehicles for fire departments. The study was performed during selected standard road tests for determining driveability properties. Three road tests were used to assess the road stability and manoeuvrability of the vehicles: driving in a circle in predetermined conditions, steering wheel jump while driving straight ahead, and braking while driving in a circle. The results of this study allow determining the characteristic values of parameters describing vehicle behaviour in each test and a comparative assessment of their safety in traffic. Moreover, the study constituted a verification of the developed system that can be used for dynamics tests and the evaluation of vehicle safety.
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Getty, Douglas, Francesco Biondi, Shae D. Morgan, Joel M. Cooper, and David L. Strayer. "The Effects of Voice System Design Components on Driver Workload." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 37 (June 8, 2018): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118777382.
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In-vehicle voice control systems are standard in most new vehicles. However, despite auditory-vocal interaction allowing drivers to keep their hands on the steering wheel and eyes on the forward roadway, recent findings indicate the potential for these systems to increase levels of workload and lead to lengthy interaction times. Although many studies have examined the distraction potential of interacting with in-vehicle voice control systems, more research is needed to understand the relationship between different system design components and workload. In this study, we investigate the role of system delay, system accuracy, and menu depth in determining the overall level of demand and interaction times on eight different 2017 model-year vehicles. Voice system accuracy was measured via playback of a pre-recorded sample of voice commands through a studio monitor mounted near the headrest. Menu depth and system delay were calculated by measuring, respectively, the number of interaction steps and total system processing time required to access common infotainment functions. These measures were validated through linear and multiple regression analyses with workload and task time collected in an on-road study. We found system delay and system accuracy to be significant predictors of task time and subjective measures of workload from the NASA Task Load Index and the Driving Activity Load Index. A In addition to providing valuable information on the role of separate voice control system design components on resulting levels of workload, these results extend past research by generalizing findings to multiple current auditory-vocal systems.
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Tanaka, Yoshiyuki, Ryoma Kanda, Naoki Yamada, Hitoshi Fukuba, Ichiro Masamori, and Toshio Tsuji. "Virtual Driving Simulator for Measuring Dynamic Properties of Human Arm Movements." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 2 (April 20, 2006): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0177.
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This paper presents a virtual driving simulator using robotic devices as an example of human-machine systems to investigate dynamic properties of human movements in the operation of drive interfaces, such as steering wheels and transmission shifters. The simulator has virtual steering and transmission systems under variable impedance control, providing the operators with realistic operational response. Mechanical impedance parameters around the steering rotational axis were measured to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed simulator.
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Wang, Weidong, Chengjin Du, and Zhijiang Du. "A medical transportation robot for carrying and positioning patients between different devices." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 5 (August 19, 2019): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-09-2018-0188.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a prototype of medical transportation robot whose positioning accuracy can reach millimeter-level in terms of patient transportation. By using this kind of mobile robot, a fully automatic image diagnosis process among independent CT/PET devices and the image fusion can be achieved. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction, a large-load 4WD-4WS (four-wheel driving and four-wheel steering) mobile robot for carrying patient among multiple medical imaging equipments is developed. At the same time, a specially designed bedplate with self-locking function is also introduced. For further improving the positioning accuracy, the authors proposed a calibration method based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) to process the measuring data of the sensors. The performance of this robot is verified by the calibration experiment and Image fusion experiment. Finally, concluding comments are drawn. Findings By calibrating the robot’s positioning system through the proposed GPR method, one can obtain the accuracy of the robot’s offset distance and deflection angle, which are 0.50 mm and +0.21°, respectively. Independent repeated trials were then set up to verify this result. Subsequent phantom experiment shows the accuracy of image fusion can be accurate within 0.57 mm in the front-rear direction and 0.83 in the left-right direction, respectively, while the clinical experiment shows that the proposed robot can practically realize the transportation of patient and image fusion between multiple imaging diagnosis devices. Practical implications The proposed robot offers an economical image fusion solution for medical institutions whose imaging diagnosis system basically comprises independent MRI, CT and PET devices. Also, a fully automatic diagnosis process can be achieved so that the patient’s suffering of getting in and out of the bed and the doctor’s radiation dose can be obviated. Social implications The general bedplate presented in Section 2 that can be mounted on the CT and PET devices and the self-locking mechanism has realized the catching and releasing motion of the patient on different medical devices. They also provide a detailed method regarding patient handling and orientation maintenance, which was hardly mentioned in previous research. By establishing the positioning system between the robot and different medical equipment, a fully automatic diagnosis process can be achieved so that the patient’s suffering of getting in and out of the bed and the doctor’s radiation dose can be obviated. Originality/value The GPR-based method proposed in this paper offers a novel method for enhancing the positioning accuracy of the industrial AGV while the transportation robot proposed in this paper also offers a solution for modern imaging fusion diagnosis, which are basically predicated on the conjoint analysis between different kinds of medical devices.
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Malawko, Piotr, and Marcin Ślęzak. "Discomfort measuring method of drivers with disabilities - results of preliminary research (Metoda pomiaru dyskomfortu wśród kierowców z niepełnosprawnościami – wyniki badań wstępnych)." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 128 (March 1, 2020): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0904.
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The article describes research related to detecting the feeling of premature fatigue while driving by disabled people. Based on the analysis of the literature on driving by drivers with a significant degree of disability, and based on the authors' experience, two groups of drivers were selected: with paraplegia and tetraplegia. The tests were carried out on vehicles equipped with devices of the following types: handle mounted on the steering wheel, the mechanism for manual operation of gas and brake, automatic gearbox. To identify the phenomenon of premature fatigue, we proposed its definition, measures, and two detection methods. Some measures were quantitative, for example, the number of occurrences of the phenomenon in a given statistical sample, while others were qualitative, for example, the time of occurrence since the beginning of driving. Test methods included driving in real traffic and on the maneuvering yard. Tests conducted in road traffic showed the actual time of occurrence of the studied phenomenon. On the other hand, experiments on the maneuvering area aimed at intensifying operations performed by the driver and, as a result, reducing the time of examination. The assessment of the correctness of the results of the presented method of detecting the feeling of premature fatigue consisted of (i) assessing the convergence of test results from road tests and the maneuvering yard, (ii) compliance of the assessment of the tested devices using individual measures of the studied phenomenon and (iii) comparison of the current test results with the reputation of devices on the market. The research allowed us to identify adaptive devices that caused the feeling of premature fatigue to the most significant and lowest extent. On this basis, in a properly selected research sample of drivers with disabilities, the ergonomics of individual devices can be assessed. At the same time, using the single-person method, you can evaluate the appropriateness of the device selection for a given driver. W artykule opisano badania związane z wykrywaniem odczucia przedwczesnego zmęczenia podczas prowadzenia pojazdu przez osoby niepełnosprawne. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy literatury dotyczącej problematyki prowadzenia pojazdów przez niepełnosprawnych kierowców ze znacznym stopniem niepełnosprawności oraz na podstawie doświadczenia Autorów, wytypowano dwie grupy kierowców: z paraplegią i tetraplegią. Badania przeprowadzono na pojazdach wyposażonych w urządzenia następujących typów: uchwyt zamocowany na kole kierownicy, urządzenie do ręcznej obsługi gazu i hamulca, automatyczna skrzynia biegów. W celu identyfikacji zjawiska przedwczesnego zmęczenia opracowano: definicję zjawiska, jego miary możliwe do wykorzystania w badaniach oraz dwie metody wykrywania. Niektóre miary miały charakter ilościowy, na przykład liczba wystąpień zjawiska w określonej próbie statystycznej, a inne jakościowy, na przykład czas wystąpienia od momentu rozpoczęcia prowadzenia pojazdu. Metody badań obejmowały prowadzenie pojazdu w rzeczywistym ruchu drogowym oraz na placu manewrowym. Testy prowadzone w ruchu drogowym pokazywały rzeczywisty czas pojawiania się badanego zjawiska. Natomiast eksperymenty na placu manewrowym miały na celu intensyfikację wykonywanych przez kierowcę operacji i w efekcie skrócenie czasu badania. Ocena poprawności wyników prezentowanej metody wykrywania odczucia przedwczesnego zmęczenia polegała na: ocenie zbieżności wyników badań z testów drogowych i z placu manewrowego, zgodności oceny badanych urządzeń za pomocą poszczególnych miar badanego zjawiska oraz zbieżności wyników badań z renomą poszczególnych urządzeń na rynku. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na identyfikację urządzeń adaptacyjnych, które w największym oraz najmniejszym stopniu powodowały odczucie przedwczesnego zmęczenia. Na tej podstawie, w odpowiednio dobranej próbie badawczej kierowców z niepełnosprawnościami można oceniać ergonomię poszczególnych urządzeń. Jednocześnie, przy zastosowaniu metody dla pojedynczej osoby, można oceniać słuszność indywidualnego doboru urządzeń dla danego kierowcy.
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De Witt, Austin, Kevin Boston, and Ben Leshchinsky. "Predicting Aggregate Degradation in Forest Roads in Northwest Oregon." Forests 11, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070729.
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In the Pacific Northwest, forest roads have the potential to cause significant environmental degradation, especially to water resources due to increased sediment production. The goal of this research is to improve the understanding of road degradation during hauling by improving our understanding of the aggregate degradation process. We correlate the wear rates to standard material property tests that may allow for improved prediction of the impacts from forest roads based on the selection of aggregate surfacing. Finally, we determine the changes in stress distribution between the subgrade and aggregate interface. High-, medium-, and low-quality aggregates were used from three quarries in western Oregon for this project. These aggregates are indicative of the range of materials used on forest roads in the region. Two material property tests, namely the Los Angeles (LA) abrasion and micro-Deval tests, were used to determine their ability to predict aggregate performance during hauling by relating values for aggregate wear to these aggregate properties. Eighteen nonwoven geotextile bags were created, measuring 60 cm (two-feet long) and 20 cm (eight inches) in diameter, with a pore size equivalent to a 0.149 mm (# 100) sieve. They were filled with a known quantity and particle size distribution of aggregate and embedded into a newly constructed forest road. Stress gages were installed in the road surface between the aggregate and subgrade levels to record the changes in stress at the subgrade level. Samples were subjected to three levels of traffic (500, 950, and 1500 passes) using a loaded dump-truck that had a steering axle and one tandem drive axle, weighing 25,038 kg or 55,200 lb. The results showed that less breakage occurred with the medium- and high-quality aggregates than the low-quality aggregate. There was a correlation between the material property test (either the micro-Deval or the LA abrasion test) and the fine index, indicating the predictability of these tests in terms of aggregate performance. Finally, the higher quality aggregate was able to better distribute the stresses from the wheel better than the lower quality aggregate and was able to reduce the stress reaching the subgrade. Although the results are limited to the three types of rock used in this study, they indicate the ability of the high-quality aggregate to lessen the environmental impacts from forest roads.
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Krawiec, Piotr, Grzegorz Domek, Łukasz Warguła, Konrad Waluś, and Jarosław Adamiec. "The application of the optical system ATOS II for rapid prototyping methods of non-classical models of cogbelt pulleys." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815701010.
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The widespread application of both gear wheels and cogbelt pulleys with noncircular generating line in technique stimulates the development of manufacturing and measuring methods of these wheels. The paper presents the rapid prototyping methods of models of cogbelt pulleys with nocircular evelope. Evaluation method of manufacturing accuracy of cogbelt pulleys, which are applied in unevenrunning belt transmissions, are presented. These transmissions are widely applied in steering techniques and drives of machines and devices. Verification of mapping accuracy of shape of geometrical model of cogbelt pulley was done with the application of noncontact optical system i.e. coordinate optical scanner GOM Atos Compact Scan 5M GOM company.
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Al-Mafrachi, A. A. H. "MEASURING VIBRATION AT TRACTOR PLATFORM , STEERING WHEEL AND SEAT EFFECTIVE AMPLITUDE TRANSMISSIBILITY FACTOR DURING OPERATION TILLAGE." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 47, no. 1 (February 25, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i1.640.
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Field experiment conducted to measure vibrations on three axes longitudinal X, lateral Y and vertical Z on steering wheel, platform tractor and vertical vibration in seat tractor and seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) factor during operation tillage in silt clay loam soil with depth 18 cm in Baghdad. Split – split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications least significant design 5 % used. Three factor were used in this experiment included two types of plows included chisel and disc plows which represented main plot, three tires inflation pressure was second factor included 1.1 ,1.8 and 2.7 bar, and three forward speeds of the tillage was third factor included 2.35 , 4.25 and 6.50 km/hr. Results showed disc plow recorded higher vibration values for three axes X,Y and Z on platform, steering wheel and vertical vibration seat tractor. No significant effect between chisel and disc plows in (SEAT) Factor. Tier pressure 2.7 bar recorded higher vibration values in all measurements. Speed tractor 6.50 km/hr recorded higher vibration values in all measurements. Vibration values increasing when increasing tiers inflation pressure and tractor speed. All interaction among treatments significant. Level of vibration in these experiment a cross legislated permissible vibration exposure limits in the world except the vibration transmitted to steering wheel and tractor seat during tillage under 1.1 bar and tractor speed 2.35 km/hr.
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Sahar, Yotam, Tomer Elbaum, Michael Wagner, Oren Musicant, Tehila Hirsh, and Shraga Shoval. "Grip Force on Steering Wheel as a Measure of Stress." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (June 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.617889.
Full textAbstract:
Driver performance is crucial for road safety. There is a relationship between performance and stress such that too high or too low stress levels (usually characterized by stressful or careless driving, respectively) impair driving quality. Therefore, monitoring stress levels can improve the overall performance of drivers by providing either an alert or intervention when stress levels are sub-optimal. Commonly used stress measures suffer from several shortcomings, such as time delays in indication and invasiveness of sensors. Grip force is a relatively new measure that shows promising results in measuring stress during psychomotor tasks. In driving, grip force sensor is non-invasive and transparent to the end user as drivers must continuously grip the steering wheel. The aim of the current research is to examine whether grip force can be used as a useful measure of stress in driving tasks. Twenty-one participants took part in a field experiment in which they were required to brake the vehicle in various intensities. The effects of the braking intensity on grip force, heart rate, and heart rate variability were analyzed. The results indicate a significant correlation between these three parameters. These results provide initial evidence that grip force can be used to measure stress in driving tasks. These findings may have several applications in the field of stress and driving research as well as in the vehicle safety domain.
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Shuib, Abd Rahim, Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri, and Mohd Khairul Fadzly Md Radzi. "Development of a six-wheel drive vehicle: A comparative study on steering performance." Journal of Agricultural Engineering, September 20, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2019.934.
Full textAbstract:
The innovation for the recent agriculture tractors have been widely developed. These tractors are used to enhance the harvesting activities in way to lowering the labour cost. However, the current system of infield collection of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) by using mini-tractor-trailer (MTT) has its limitation. This MTT have poor traction on soft ground such as coastal and peat areas which give the limiting factors that prohibit the usage of any mini-tractor. Thus, the aim of this project is to fabricate a functioning prototype vehicle consist of two-wheel steering (2WS) and four-wheel steering (4WS) in measuring its performance of tractive effort and steering radius for usage in palm plantation. The machine configuration consists of main chassis, compartment to carry oil palm bunches, a mechanism for loading purposes, operator cabin, and associated hydraulic system. The laboratory test of performance evaluation were conducted to the developed vehicle. The results show that under 4WD mode, the turning radius of the vehicle was found to be 42.9% lesser if the 4WS mode is engaged. For 6WD with 4WS active, the turning radius was 46% lesser while turning for 42.2% lesser compared to 2WS. The slippage ranges are recorded between 8.5% to 22.5% where the slippage for the left wheel is negative as the left wheel rotates slower than the right wheel on the left turning of circular motion and vice versa. In addition, the vehicle design could be considered optimum as the measured tractive effort of the vehicle was found to be 32% of the vehicle gross weight. This is within the recommended tractive effort which is within a range of 30% to 36% of the suggested vehicle gross weight.
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Wang, Qiuwei, Youqun Zhao, Fen Lin, Chenxi Zhang, and Huifan Deng. "Integrated control for distributed in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle based on states estimation and nonlinear MPC." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, July 7, 2021, 095440702110304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544070211030444.
Full textAbstract:
In order to realize the integration of handling, lateral stability, rollover prevention, and ride comfort of distributed in-wheel motor drive electric vehicles (EVs), this study presents an integrated control strategy for distributed EVs based on states estimation through particle filter (PF) and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). To estimate the vehicle states including longitudinal velocity, lateral velocity, and sideslip angle, the random walk model is established to avoid complex tire forces calculation. Then PF completes estimation by measuring longitudinal and lateral acceleration and yaw rate. Considering handling, lateral stability, anti-rollover performance, and ride comfort comprehensively, proposed controller takes full advantages of distributed electric vehicle platform with four-wheel steering (4WS), four-wheel-drive (4WD), and active suspension technology to improve the overall performance in the NMPC structure. State/actuator constraints are also taken into account in the scheme. Finally, the co-simulation through commercial software Carsim and Simulink verifies the effectiveness of the vehicle states estimator and designed control algorithm. Results show that estimation error is controlled within 1% and overall performance of distributed EV is improved.
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Getzmann, Stephan, Julian E. Reiser, Melanie Karthaus, Georg Rudinger, and Edmund Wascher. "Measuring Correlates of Mental Workload During Simulated Driving Using cEEGrid Electrodes: A Test–Retest Reliability Analysis." Frontiers in Neuroergonomics 2 (September 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnrgo.2021.729197.
Full textAbstract:
The EEG reflects mental processes, especially modulations in the alpha and theta frequency bands are associated with attention and the allocation of mental resources. EEG has also been used to study mental processes while driving, both in real environments and in virtual reality. However, conventional EEG methods are of limited use outside of controlled laboratory settings. While modern EEG technologies offer hardly any restrictions for the user, they often still have limitations in measurement reliability. We recently showed that low-density EEG methods using film-based round the ear electrodes (cEEGrids) are well-suited to map mental processes while driving a car in a driving simulator. In the present follow-up study, we explored aspects of ecological and internal validity of the cEEGrid measurements. We analyzed longitudinal data of 127 adults, who drove the same driving course in a virtual environment twice at intervals of 12–15 months while the EEG was recorded. Modulations in the alpha and theta frequency bands as well as within behavioral parameters (driving speed and steering wheel angular velocity) which were highly consistent over the two measurement time points were found to reflect the complexity of the driving task. At the intraindividual level, small to moderate (albeit significant) correlations were observed in about 2/3 of the participants, while other participants showed significant deviations between the two measurements. Thus, the test-retest reliability at the intra-individual level was rather low and challenges the value of the application for diagnostic purposes. However, across all participants the reliability and ecological validity of cEEGrid electrodes were satisfactory in the context of driving-related parameters.
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Li, Ming, Ruirui Liang, Yanshun Zhang, Chuang Peng, Dong Mu, and Zhen Wan. "On-line measurement method of transmission backlash based on angular velocity and double-end angular position information." Measurement and Control, November 28, 2020, 002029402097325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294020973252.
Full textAbstract:
Backlash is the inherent characteristic of gear transmission system. It is an important mean to measure and compensate backlash to improve transmission performance. When the driving gear reverses, due to the existence of backlash, the driven gear will still keep its original steering due to inertial motion until the driven gear collision with the driving gear. In this paper, based on the analysis of the tooth gap of the driving gear and the driven gear, an on-line measurement method of the meshing tooth gap combining the angular velocity of the load end with the information of the Angle position of the two axes of the master-slave gear is presented. This method uses the gyroscope at the load end (driven wheel) to monitor the sudden change of angular velocity at the moment of gear reverse impact and re contact, and the signal is used as the judgment basis for the reverse contact moment of the driving gear and driven gear. Then, the angular position data of driving gear and driven gear are fused at the time of reverse rotation and contact impact, and the backlash of the gear is calculated online. Finally, setting up an experimental platform for measuring backlash, and the proposed method is verified. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve accurate backlash measurement.
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"Driver’s Drowsiness Detection Based on Behavioural Changes using ResNet." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 5708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b2494.098319.
Full textAbstract:
Recently there has been growing interest in intelligent transportation system because the road accidents become biggest problems of mankind and the casualties of accident also increases rapidly every year. The casualties are very often witnessed in heavy and light motor vehicles. Moreover, the accidents occur mainly due to carelessness and drowsy feeling of the driver. Intelligent transportation systems use deep learning mechanism to detect drowsiness of the driver and alert the same to driver. It results in reduction of accidents. The driver’s behaviour during drowsiness is detected by three types of approaches. One approach deploys the sensors in steering wheel and accelerator of the vehicle and analyzes the signal sent by the sensors to detect the drowsiness. Second approach focuses on measuring the heart rate, pulse rate and brain signals etc to predict the drowsiness. Third approach uses the facial expression of the driver such as blinking rate of eye, eye closure and yawning etc. The cause for most of the road accidents is driver’s drowsiness. Therefore, in this paper, the behavioural changes of driver is accounted to detect the drowsiness of the driver. Eye movement and yawning are two behavioural changes of driver is considered in this paper. There are many CNN based deep learning architectures such AlexNet, VGGNet, ResNet. In this paper, we propose the drowsiness detection using ResNet because this method works on the principle of passing the output to the next la. The performance of proposed mechanism detects the drowsiness of the driver better than AlexNet and VGGNet.