Dissertations / Theses: 'Meat and meat products (Contamination)'

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Dillon, Vivian Maureen. "Sulphite tolerance of yeasts from comminuted lamb products." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383909.

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Myint, Maung San. "Epidemiology of Salmonella contamination of poultry meat products knowledge gaps in the farm to store products /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2072.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Veterinary Medical Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Chung, Sunjung. "Effect of Poor Sanitation Procedures on Cross-Contamination of Animal Species in Ground Meat Products." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/food_science_theses/3.

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While the presence of ≥1% of an undeclared species in ground meat generally used as an indicator of intentional mislabeling as opposed to cross-contamination, the actual percent of undeclared species resulting from cross-contamination has not been experimentally determined. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of sanitation procedures on the crosscontamination of animal species in ground meat products, using undeclared pork in ground beef. Pork (13.6 kg) was processed using a commercial grinder, then one of three sanitation treatments was completed (“no cleaning”, “partial cleaning”, or “complete cleaning”). Next, beef (13.6 kg) was ground using the same equipment. For “no cleaning,” beef was ground immediately after pork without any cleaning step; for “partial cleaning,” the hopper tray was wiped, and excess meat was taken out from the auger; for “complete cleaning,” all parts of the grinder were disassembled and thoroughly cleaned with water and soap. A 100-g sample was collected for each 0.91 kg (2 lb) of beef processed with the grinder and each sanitation treatment was tested twice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify pork in ground beef. For “no cleaning,” the first 100-g sample of ground beef run through the grinder contained 24.42 ± 10.41% pork, while subsequent samples contained

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Lim, Kyungwha. "Reduction of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria on beef products by direct and indirect applications of antimicrobial agents /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3100061.

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Lopes, Janaina Thaís. "Cross contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat product during slicing: a predictive approach." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-04102017-171557/.

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Ready to eat (RTE) meat products are subject to recontamination after industrial processing, mainly by Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogenic microorganism that can persist for a long time in the environment. A RTE meat product that is contaminated with L. monocytogenes due to cross contamination during some stage after industrial processing, such as weighing, slicing or wrapping, can be an important causer of disease, due to absence of a kill step before consumption. The objective of this project was to measure the transfer of L. monocytogenes during slicing of cooked ham (cross contamination) at retail, simulating in the laboratory the practices in commercial slicing, and to develop a predictive model capable of describing this transfer. It was observed that in the first slices obtained after the experimental contamination of the slicer, the counts and the transfer rates of L. monocytogenes were higher than in the subsequent slices, and the counting curves presented a long tail as the slices were obtained. The data demonstrate that the slicer may be a relevant source of cross contamination of L. monocytogenes for RTE meat products, regardless of the level of contamination of the slicer. With the data obtained, a new transfer model was proposed called 4p-2se, as it contained four parameters (4p) and two environments (2se), and was independent of the quantification of the pathogen transferred to the slicer. The proposed model was compared to two pathogen transfer models previously described, and the predicted data presented lower RMSE (Root Mean Sum of squared errors) values than the other models. The 4p-2se model was able to satisfactorily predict the pathogen transfer data during slicing of cooked ham, which could assist the food retail establishments and regulatory agencies in the evaluation and control of cross contamination of RTE foods and in the design of proper risk management strategies.
Os produtos derivados da carne que são prontos para consumo estão sujeitos à recontaminação após o processamento industrial, principalmente por Listeria monocytogenes, um microrganismo patogênico capaz de persistir por longo tempo no ambiente. Um produto cárneo pronto para consumo que se contamina com L. monocytogenes devido à contaminação cruzada durante alguma etapa após o processamento industrial, tal como pesagem, fatiamento ou acondicionamento, pode ser um importante causador de enfermidade, pois não há uma etapa de eliminação do patógeno antes do consumo. Este projeto teve por objetivo mensurar a transferência de L. monocytogenes durante o fatiamento de presunto cozido (contaminação cruzada), simulando em laboratório práticas adotadas nos estabelecimentos comerciais de fatiamento de produtos prontos para o consumo, e desenvolver um modelo preditivo capaz de descrever esta transferência. Foi observado que nas primeiras fatias obtidas após a contaminação experimental do fatiador, as contagens e as taxas de transferência de L. monocytogenes eram mais altas que nas subsequentes, observando-se que as curvas de contagem apresentavam uma longa cauda ao longo do fatiamento. Os dados demonstram que o fatiador pode ser uma fonte importante de contaminação cruzada de L. monocytogenes para produtos cárneos prontos para o consumo fatiados, independentemente do nível de contaminação do fatiador. Com os dados obtidos, foi possível sugerir um novo modelo de transferência, denominado 4p-2se, formado por uma equação com apenas quatro parâmetros (4p) e dois ambientes (2se,) sendo esse modelo independente da quantificação do patógeno transferido para o fatiador. O modelo sugerido foi comparado a outros dois modelos de transferência previamente descritos, observando os dados preditos no modelo 4p-2se apresentavam valores de RMSE (Root Mean Sum of squared erros) mais baixos que os demais modelos. O modelo proposto mostrou-se capaz de predizer satisfatoriamente os dados de transferência de patógeno durante o fatiamento de presunto cozido, podendo auxiliar os estabelecimentos comerciais de alimentos e as agências reguladoras na avaliação e controle da contaminação cruzada de alimento prontos para consumo e na concepção de estratégias adequadas de gestão de risco.

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Faria, Daniele Bezerra. "Contaminação cruzada durante o fatiamento de produto cárneo pronto para o consumo: foco em Listeria monocytogenes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-26012017-172838/.

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Surtos e casos de listeriose reportados mundialmente e associados a produtos cárneos processados prontos para consumo podem ter sido causados pela contaminação cruzada com Listeria monocytogenes ocorrida durante a etapa de fatiamento destes produtos no varejo. Considerando o impacto da contaminação cruzada para a saúde pública, este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a transferência de L. monocytogenes durante a etapa de fatiamento de rosbife do tipo \"caseiro\", simulando, em laboratório, cenários observados em estabelecimentos comerciais em relação às práticas adotadas durante o fatiamento. Objetivou-se também avaliar o papel do nível da contaminação do produto (baixo e alto) causador da contaminação experimental do fatiador na contaminação cruzada resultante, bem como avaliar se a exposição da cepa de L. monocytogenes a um sanitizante em concentração insuficiente para a sua eliminação influencia a contaminação cruzada observada. A contaminação do fatiador foi obtida por meio do fatiamento de peças de rosbife experimentalmente contaminadas com o patógeno por imersão em uma suspensão de L. monocytogenes contendo 8 log UFC/mL (alto nível de contaminação) e 4 log UFC/mL (baixo nível de contaminação). Os experimentos foram realizados até a obtenção de 200 fatias. As enumerações de L. monocytogenes nas fatias obtidas foram feitas empregando-se um método cultura-dependente (ISO 11290-2:1998) e um método qPCR, calculando-se também as taxas de transferência. Os resultados mostraram que a contaminação dos fatiadores resultou na transferência do patógeno até pelo menos a 120ª fatia de uma nova peça de rosbife fatiada posteriormente. Nos experimentos realizados com L. monocytogenes exposta ao sanitizante Oasis Compac 22 Quat em concentração insuficiente para sua eliminação, foi possível enumerar o patógeno até a 200ª fatia de rosbife obtida após a contaminação experimental do fatiador, independentemente do nível de contaminação da peça de rosbife usada para a contaminação do fatiador. Equações matemáticas resultantes, que descrevem os dados experimentais obtidos, apresentaram R2>0,7 e p<0,05, mostrando bom ajuste. Esses resultados ressaltam a importância de medidas para evitar a ocorrência de contaminação cruzada durante a etapa de fatiamento de produtos cárneos prontos para o consumo, bem como da higienização adequada dos equipamentos utilizados, de forma a fornecer produtos seguros para o consumidor.
Outbreaks and cases of listeriosis reported worldwide and associated to ready-to-eat meat products may have been caused by cross contamination with Listeria monocytogenes occurred during the slicing step of these products at retail. Considering the impact of cross-contamination to public health, this study aimed to study the transfer of L. monocytogenes during the slicing step of homemade type roast-beef simulating in the laboratory scenarios seen in commercial establishments. The study also aimed to evaluate the role of product contamination level (low and high) causing the experimental contamination of the slicer in the resulting cross-contamination and to evaluate if the exposure of the L. monocytogenes strain to a sanitizer in insufficient concentration for the elimination influences the observed cross-contamination. Contamination of the slicer was obtained through the slicing of roast-beef pieces experimentally contaminated with the pathogen by immersion in a suspension of L. monocytogenes containing 8 log CFU/ml (high contamination) and 4 log CFU/mL (low contamination). The experiments were carried out to obtain 200 slices. Enumerations of L. monocytogenes in the slices employed a culture-dependent method (ISO 11290-2: 1998) and qPCR method, also calculating transfer rates. The results showed that contamination of slicers resulted in the transfer of the pathogen to at least the 120th slice of a new piece of roast-beef sliced subsequently. In experiments conducted with L. monocytogenes exposed to the sanitizer Oasis Compac 22 Quat in insufficient concentration for its elimination, the pathogen could be enumerated until the 200th slice obtained after the slicer contamination, regardless of the contamination level of the roast beef used for contamination of the slicer. Mathematical equations describing the experimental data presented R2>0.7 and p<0.05, showing good fit. These results underscore the importance of measures to prevent the occurrence of cross contamination during the slicing step of ready-to-eat meat products, as well as the proper cleaning of the equipment used in order to provide safe products to the consumer.

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Lopes, Graciela Volz. "Campylobacter spp. no abate e varejo: ocorrência em carcaças de bovinos para exportação e em cortes refrigerados de aves e bovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-07122009-185602/.

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As infecções causadas por Campylobacter spp. são relatadas como causa freqüente de gastrenterites de origem alimentar em vários países do mundo. As espécies bacterianas termofílicas pertencentes ao gênero Campylobacter, principalmente Campylobacter jejuni e Campylobacter coli, têm sido isoladas de fezes de animais e estão associadas à contaminação da carne durante o processo de abate. Estas duas espécies são as mais freqüentemente envolvidas nos casos de campilobacteriose humana veiculada por alimentos. O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar a presença e a população de Campylobacter spp. no abate de bovinos e cortes refrigerados de aves e bovinos comercializados na cidade de São Paulo/SP. Um total de 198 animais foi amostrado no couro logo após a sangria, na carcaça imediatamente após a esfola e após a evisceração. As amostras foram obtidas através da técnica de swab na região do peito abrangendo uma área de 400 cm2. Foram analisados também 120 cortes refrigerados de frango e 100 cortes de carne bovina, assim distribuídos: 40 amostras de asa, 20 de coxa com sobrecoxa, 20 de coxa, 20 de coxinha da asa, 20 amostras de peito; 20 de patinho bovino (M. biceps femoris), 20 de contrafilé (M. longissimus dorsi), 20 de coxão mole (M. semi membranosus), 20 de lagarto (M. semitendinosus) e 20 de alcatra (M. glutaes medius). As amostras foram analisadas segundo os métodos ISO 10272-1 e 2 e os isolados obtidos foram confirmados como Campylobacter pela técnica de PCR. Campylobacter foi isolado em 22,7% (45/198) das amostras de couro bovino, ou seja, apenas no ponto antes da esfola, e C. jejuni foi a única espécie encontrada. Nas amostras de cortes de frango Campylobacter foi isolado em 14,2% (17/120) das amostras. A espécie prevalente em frangos foi C. coli (88%), seguido de C. jejuni (12%). Campylobacter spp. não foi isolado dos cortes bovinos. A população de Campylobacter spp. foi < 13 UFC/cm2 em carcaças bovinas, < 2 UFC/g em amostras de frango e < 10 UFC/cm2 em cortes bovinos. A susceptibilidade de 120 isolados de frango e couro bovino foi determinada frente a 8 agentes antimicrobianos usando o método de disco-difusão. A resistência às quinolonas (ác. nalidíxico e ciprofloxacina) foi frequentemente observada nas cepas de C. jejuni (72,2%) e C. coli (50,8%) isoladas dos frangos. Entre os isolados de C. jejuni obtidos do couro bovino maior taxa de resistência foi observada para estreptomicina (32%), seguida da eritromicina (16%) e do ácido nalidíxico (14%).
Campylobacter spp. infections are reported as a frequent cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in many countries. The thermophilic bacterial species belonging to the genus Campylobacter, particularly Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli have been isolated from feces of animals and are associated with the contamination of meat during the slaughtering process. These two species are the most frequently involved in cases of human campylobacteriosis conveyed by food. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and population of Campylobacter spp. during cattle slaughter and in refrigerated chicken and beef cuts commercialized in the city of Sao Paulo/SP. A total of 198 animals were sampled in the hide after bleeding, the carcass immediately after skinning and after evisceration. Samples were obtained by swab technique in the chest area encompassing an area of 400 cm2. We also analyzed 120 refrigerated chicken cuts and 100 beef cuts. The samples were analyzed according to ISO 10272-1 and 2 methods and the isolates were confirmed as Campylobacter by PCR technique. Campylobacter was isolated only in the hide samples (45/198), and C. jejuni was the only species found. Campylobacter was isolated in 14.2% (17/120) of chicken samples. The most prevalent species in chickens was C. coli (88%), followed by C. jejuni (12%). Campylobacter spp. was not isolated from beef cuts. The counts of Campylobacter spp. was < 13 CFU/cm2 in bovine carcasses, < 2 CFU/g in chicken samples and < 10 CFU/cm2 in beef cuts. The susceptibility to 8 antimicrobial agents of 120 isolates of chicken and bovine hide was determined using the disk-diffusion method. The resistance to quinolones (ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid) was frequently observed in strains of C. jejuni (72.2%) and C. coli (50.8%) isolated from chickens. Among strains of C. jejuni obtained from bovine hide highest resistance rate was observed to streptomycin (32%), followed by erythromycin (16%) and nalidixic acid (14%).

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Knight, M. K. "Interactions of meat proteins in meat products." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254413.

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Carneiro, Bruno Ferreira. "Isolamento e identificação de Salmonella sp. e Campylobacter spp. em amostras de carne e swab cloacal, de tartaruga da amazônia (Podocnemis expansa)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7451.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The Arrau river turtle is the best known species of the genus Podocnemis and most testudines of freshwater in South America. In the North and Central West regions of the country is common to commercial production of the species P. expansa, but there are still parameters for to improve the production process and ensure the microbiological quality of meat produced. This study aimed to determine the presence of Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter spp. in skeletal striated muscle samples from the fillet region and forelimb and hindlimb, as well as the realization of cloacal swab. Skeletal muscle tissue of 20 males were picked with sterilized surgical instruments, packed in sterile vials and analyzed in the Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Technology Research Centre in Food UFG/EVZ and Bacteriological tests Laboratory and Anatomopathological of Birds of UFG/EVZ for evaluation according to the industry protocol. In the survey by Salmonella sp., Two samples (2/240) 0.83%, were positive for the bacterium gender researched and compared the search for microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter spp., were not detected microorganisms in the samples. To evaluate the results related to microbiology, we performed the Fisher Exact Test (p <0.05). The statistical test showed no statistical difference in relation to the treatment (p = 0.4737) and (p = 0.4979), relating the area of harvest, also not statistically significant. The data were important for improving the quality of carcasses slaughtered the species.
A tartaruga-da-amazônia é a espécie mais conhecida do gênero Podocnemis e o maior testudíneo de água-doce da América do Sul. Nas regiões Norte e Centro Oeste do país é comum a produção comercial da espécie P. expansa, mas ainda faltam parâmetros para melhorar o processo de produção e garantir a qualidade microbiológica da carne produzida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a presença de Salmonella sp. e Campylobacter spp. em amostras de musculatura estriada esquelética da região de filé e membros anteriores e posteriores, bem como a realização de swab cloacal. Os tecidos musculares esqueléticos dos 20 machos foram colhidos com instrumental cirúrgico esterelizado, acondicionados em frascos estéreis e analisados no Laboratório de Microbiologia e Tecnologia de Alimentos do Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos da UFG/EVZ e Laboratório de Exames Bacteriológicos e Anatomopatológicos de Aves da UFG/EVZ para avaliação segundo o protocolo do setor. Na pesquisa por Salmonella sp., duas amostras (2/240) 0,83%, foram positivas para o gênero de bactéria pesquisado, sendo idenficado o microrganismo Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Em relação a pesquisa por microrganismos do gênero Campylobacter spp., não foram detectados microrganismos nas amostras analisadas. Para avaliação dos resultados referentes à microbiologia, foi utilizado o Teste Exato de Fischer (p < 0,05). O teste estatístico empregado demonstrou não haver diferença estatística em relação ao tratamento empregado (p = 0,4737) e (p = 0,4979), relacionando a área de colheita, também não apresentou significância estatística. Os dados obtidos foram importantes para melhoria de qualidade das carcaças abatidas da espécie.

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Obeng, George Boakye. "A Game Theoretical Model For Prevention of Meat Contamination at A Meat Packing House." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1302800451.

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Planche, Christelle. "Impact de la cuisson et de la digestion sur les micropolluants à risque des produits carnés." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22749/document.

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Au cours de leur élevage, les animaux sont exposés à divers contaminants chimiques, qui peuvent s’accumuler au niveau des tissus animaux et être retrouvés in fine dans les produits carnés consommés par l’Homme, représentant alors un risque pour la santé des consommateurs. L’évaluation de ce risque repose classiquement sur la mesure de teneur en contaminants de la viande fraîche alors que plusieurs travaux suggèrent que seule une fraction de ces contaminants est effectivement assimilée par le consommateur du fait des transformations technologiques comme la cuisson et physiologiques comme la digestion. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier ces effets modulateurs de la cuisson et de la digestion sur les contaminants chimiques de la viande et leur bioaccessibilité. En s’appuyant sur le développement d’une méthode multirésidus GC×GC-TOF/MS pour le suivi de 206 polluants environnementaux et sur des collaborations avec des Laboratoires Nationaux de Référence, le premier objectif de ce travail était d’étudier l’impact de la cuisson sur un large spectre de contaminants chimiques d’une viande intentionnellement contaminée. Les résultats montrent que la cuisson n’a pas d’impact significatif sur la teneur en PCDD/F et en métaux lourds de la viande alors que des pertes significatives (d’autant plus importantes que l’intensité de cuisson est élevée) en PCB, antibiotiques et pesticides ont pu être détectées. Ces pertes ont pour origine soit une libération dans le jus de cuisson des contaminants thermorésistants, soit une dégradation sous l’effet de la cuisson des contaminants thermosensibles, comme cela a été observé pour un antibiotique, le sulfaméthoxazole, pour lequel un schéma de dégradation thermique est proposé. Le second objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer la bioaccessibilité des contaminants chimiques de la viande en s’appuyant sur un protocole standardisé de digestion in vitro statique. Dans le cas des PCB, les résultats obtenus indiquent que la bioaccessibilité dans la viande est relativement faible (26%). La teneur initiale de la viande en matière grasse et les variations physiologiques liées à l’âge du consommateur influencent significativement ces valeurs de bioaccessibilité alors que la cuisson de la viande a moins d’influence sur la bioaccessibilité. A terme, les résultats obtenus durant ce travail devraient conduire à proposer de nouvelles procédures d’évaluation des risques liés aux contaminants chimiques de la viande, prenant en compte les modulations induites par la cuisson et la digestion
Livestock animals are exposed to various chemical contaminants during breeding. These contaminants are rapidly transferred from the environment to animal edible tissues, thus representing a public health risk. This risk is classically assessed based on the level of contaminants in raw meat. However, due to technological processes such as cooking or physiological transformations such as digestion, only a fraction of meat contaminants can be absorbed by the body. The purpose of this PhD thesis is to investigate the modulating effect of cooking and digestion on chemical contaminants in meat and on their bioaccessibility. Thanks to a GC×GC-TOF/MS multiresidue method developed in this study for the analysis of 206 environmental pollutants and to collaborations with French National Reference Laboratories, the first aim of this work was to assess the effects of pan cooking on a broad range of chemical contaminants in spiked meat. Cooking did not impact the level of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in meat whereas significant losses (more important as cooking conditions were more intense) of PCBs, antibiotics and pesticides were observed. These losses may originate from juice expelling of heat-resistant compounds or from degradation by breakdown of thermolabile compounds such as the sulfamethoxazole antibiotic. The second aim was to assess the bioaccessibility of chemical contaminants in meat based on a standardized in vitro static digestion. For PCBs, results showed that their bioaccessibility was low (26%). Both the meat fat content and the age of consumer significantly affect this bioaccessibility value. In contrast, meat cooking was shown to have less influence on PCB bioaccessibility. The ultimate goal of the project will be to improve chemical risk assessment procedures taking into account the changes induced by cooking and digestion on micropollutants in meat

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Betts, G. D. "Predicting bacterial spoilage of meat products." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402780.

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McGinley, Susan. "Innovative Meat By-Products: The UA Meat Lab Increases the Value of Each Animal." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622307.

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Webster, S. N. "Shelf-life extension of comminuted meat products." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378472.

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Duarte, Bernardo Borges de Sousa Costa. "Promoting factors of turkey meat products oxidation." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17871.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Com o objectivo de aprofundar o tema factores promotores da oxidação da carne, foi realizada uma experiência numa unidade de processamento de carne, focando espetadas de peru. As causas da oxidação da carne foram consideradas, com especial enfoque para as de origem industrial, evidenciando as fases de processamento, embalamento e armazenamento. A experiência consistiu em três ensaios, cada um focado num factor promotor da oxidação da carne. O primeiro ensaio (F) baseou-se no tipo de embalagem, comparando dois tipos de filme, com diferentes taxas de transmissão de oxigénio: F1 – 53.9 cm3/m2/24h e F2 – 5 cm3/m2/24h. O segundo ensaio (C) baseou-se na proporção atmosfera/carne, em que C1 corresponde a uma cuvete standard, com proporção 1.16 e C2 corresponde a uma cuvete alternativa, com proporção 2.11. No terceiro ensaio (L) baseou-se no armazenamento de produto acabado sob dois tipos de iluminação, L1 – luz standard (25 Watt LED) e L2 – sem luz. Certos parâmetros foram utilizados para medir alterações: O2, CO2, pH, aw e avaliação sensorial; cor – através do sistema CIE Lab que mede os parâmetros L*, a* e b*, e TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances); análises microbiológicas: pesquisa e contagem de Coliformes (Col), Mesófilos Aeróbios Totais (Mots), contagem de Bactérias Ácido Lácticas (Lac), contagem de Leveduras (Lev) e Bolores e pesquisa de E. coli, Salmonella spp e L. monocytogenes). O ensaio 1 mostrou maior relevância, reflectindo a influência dos materiais de embalagem na cor da carne. F2 revelou comportamento anormal da composição atmosférica, comparando com F1. As embalagens diferiram significativamente em relação ao pH (p-value <0.05) e mostraram alterações acentuadas a nível visual, análise da cor e TBARS. Concluiu-se maior degradação de F2. Os resultados dos outros ensaios não permitiram alcançar conclusões tão concretas e acentuadas, concluindo-se deste modo que o material de embalagem foi o factor com impacto mais significativo
N/A

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16

Fapohunda, Ajibola Oladapo Idowu. "Bacterial contamination and growth on red meat and fish." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321397.

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17

Harrison, K. A. "The fate of sulphur dioxide in meat products." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233204.

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18

Fernandes, Pedro António Rodrigues. "Hyperbaric storage of meat products at room temperature." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13823.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia - Biotecnologia Alimentar
Hyperbaric storage (HS) is a preservation methodology of food products in which pressure is used as a determining factor in spoilage inhibition. With this new preservation methodology significant energy saving might be achieved, namely when the storage occurs at room temperature (RT). As such, the objective of this study focused on the evaluation of HS as an alternative to refrigeration for sliced cooked ham and minced pork meat preservation by using different combinations of pressures (0.1-150 MPa), temperatures (4-37 ºC) and storage times (4-24 h). In general, it was observed an increase of the microbial counts of at least 1 Log CFU/g for both sliced cooked ham and minced pork meat stored at RT and 0.1 MPa whereas under refrigeration the counts remained equal or slightly higher than before storage. On the other hand, the samples stored under HS conditions presented equal or lower counts than the initial samples, regardless of the storage temperature employed. Nevertheless, a storage pressure of at least 50 MPa is required in order to inhibit microbial growth similarly to refrigeration. In the case of sliced cooked ham, no significant differences were observed between the different storage conditions and the initial samples concerning physicochemical parameters analysed (pH, water holding capacity, lipid oxidation and colour) whereas for minced pork meat HS inhibited lipid oxidation when compared to the storage at 0.1 MPa at the same temperature. Therefore, HS shows to be effective in preventing meat products ham spoilage, by microbial growth inhibition, as or more efficiently than refrigeration, depending on the storage pressure used. As such, these results points towards the use of HS as an efficient alternative to refrigeration in meat products preservation.
O armazenamento hiperbárico (AH) é uma metodologia de conservação de alimentos na qual a pressão é usada como fator determinante no retardamento da deterioração. A esta nova metodologia de conservação poderão estar associadas poupanças energéticas significativas, nomeadamente quando o armazenamento ocorre à temperatura ambiente (TA). Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo focou-se na avaliação do AH como alternativa à refrigeração na conservação de fiambre fatiado e de carne picada de porco utilizando diferentes combinações de pressão (0.1-150 MPa), temperatura (4-37 ºC) e tempo (4-24 h). No geral observou-se um aumento da carga microbiológica em pelo menos 1 Log CFU/g para o fiambre bem como a carne picada armazenados à TA e 0.1 MPa enquanto que sob refrigeração a carga microbiológica manteve-se igual ou ligeiramente superior à inicial. Por outro lado, as amostras sujeitas a AH apresentaram cargas iguais ou menores do que as amostras iniciais, independentemente da temperatura de armazenamento empregue. Contudo verificou-se que pressões mínimas de 50 MPa são necessárias de forma a inibir o crescimento microbiológico similarmente à refrigeração. No caso do fiambre, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros físico-químicos analisados (pH, capacidade de retenção de água, oxidação lipídica e cor) entre as diferentes condições de armazenamento e as amostras iniciais. Por outro lado, na carne picada o AH inibiu a oxidação lipídica quando comparado ao armazenamento a 0.1 MPa à mesma temperatura. Assim, o AH demonstra-se eficaz na prevenção da deterioração de produtos cárneos, por inibição do crescimento microbiológico, com igual ou maior eficiência do que a refrigeração, dependendo da pressão de armazenamento usada. Como tal, estes resultados apontam o uso do AH como uma alternativa eficiente à refrigeração, na conservação de produtos cárneos.

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19

Kassama, Lamin Samboujang. "Pore development in meat products during deep-fat frying." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19513.

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The relationships between moisture loss and oil uptake and their effects on porosity, pore size distribution and pore structure during deep-fat frying of chicken breast meat were investigated. Chicken meat samples were deep-fat fried in an industrial fryer. The frying oil temperatures were 170, 180 and 190°C and samples were fried for times ranging from 5 to 900 s.

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20

Santos, Garcés Eva. "Applications of computed tomography in dry-cured meat products." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83672.

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Computed Tomography and Microcomputed Tomography are X-ray based technologies. They were tested in this thesis as potential tools for the optimization of the processing of dry-cured meat products. On one hand, several prediction models and Computed Tomography analytical tools were developed for the non-destructive analysis of water activity, salt content and water content distribution within dry-cured hams during processing and were successfully applied to three case studies. On the other hand, Microcomputed Tomography were used to characterize, evaluate and correlate the changes in the microstructure with the texture of non-acid pork lean fermented sausages. Some Microcomputed Tomography parameters could be correlated with the instrumental texture, although the Microcomputed Tomography was not accurate enough to distinguish between lean and fat when these constituents were emulsified. In conclusion, Computed Tomography and Microcomputed Tomography can be considered as suitable technologies for the non-destructive characterization and for the optimization of dry-cured meat processing.
La Tomografia Computeritzada i la Microtomografia Computeritzada són tecnologies basades en raigs X. Ambdues es varen testar en aquesta tesis com a eines potencials per l'optimització del processat de productes carnis curats. Per una banda, es varen desenvolupar diversos models de predicció i eines analítiques derivades de la Tomografia Computeritzada, per l’anàlisi no destructiu de la distribució de l’activitat d’aigua i els continguts de sal i d’aigua durant el processat de pernils curats, aplicant-se posteriorment de manera satisfactòria a tres casos d’estudi. Per altra banda, la Microtomografia Computeritzada es va utilitzar per caracteritzar, avaluar i correlacionar canvis en microestructura i textura d’embotits crus curats elaborats amb baix contingut de greix. Alguns paràmetres de la Microtomografia Computeritzada es van poder correlacionar amb la textura instrumental, encara que es va observar que la Microtomografia Computeritzada no permetia distingir acuradament entre magre de porc i greix quan aquests components es trobaven emulsionats.

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21

Schutte, Sumari. "Development of value added ostrich (Struthio Camelus) meat products." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20860.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were threefold: (i) to investigate the effect of the replacement of pork fat with olive oil on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of ostrich polony; (ii) to investigate the effect of replacement of sodium tri-polyphosphate (STPP) with iota-carrageenan (CGN) on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of restructured cooked ostrich ham; and (iii) to investigate the effect of salt (NaCl) reduction on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of ostrich bacon. Five levels of olive oil were added to a polony formulation in 5% increments from 0 to 20%. Hardness, gumminess and shear force values decreased (P≤0.05) with increased levels of olive oil. The L* and b* values decreased (P≤0.05) with increased levels of olive oil producing lighter and more yellow products. Ostrich polony proved to have a favourable fatty acid profile in line with international recommended standards. A trained sensory panel found that the effect of increased levels of olive oil on had an effect (P≤0.05) on the sensory characteristics of colour; processed meat aroma and flavour; ostrich aroma; olive oil aroma; firmness and juiciness. A consumer panel found all the olive oil treatments to be acceptable. It can be concluded that olive oil can be used successfully for the production of low fat ostrich meat polony. In a restructured ostrich ham five decreasing levels of phosphate (0.7, 0.53, 0.35, 0.18 and 0%) were substituted with five increasing levels of carrageenan (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). The cooked yield of the restructured ostrich ham decreased significantly (P≤0.05) with decreased levels of phosphate. No tendencies in instrumental colour measurements with relation to decreased levels of phosphate were revealed. Hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess increased with decreased levels of phosphate. Ostrich ham had a favourable fatty acid profile and the latter is in line with international recommended standards. The trained sensory panel found that decreased levels of phosphate had a significant effect on the ham sensory characteristics of meat aroma and flavour; ostrich meat aroma and flavour and mealiness, but no significant effect on the spicy aroma and flavour. Three ham treatments with different levels of phosphate (0.7, 0.35 and 0%) were presented to a consumer panel. The consumer panel found the ham treatments with levels of 0.7 and 0.35% most acceptable. Carrageenan can be used to substitute phosphate at a level of 0.35% phosphate and 0.2% carrageenan in ostrich ham. Ostrich bacon was produces with five targeted salt (NaCl) levels of 3.5, 2.75, 2.0, 1.25, and 0.5%. Decreased salt levels had no significant effect on the L*, a* and b* values of the five treatments. Ostrich bacon had a favourible fatty acid profile. A trained sensory panel found that the effect of increased levels of salt had a significant effect on bacon sensory characteristics of ostrich aroma and flavour smoky bacon aroma and flavour and saltiness. A consumer panel found all the bacon treatments acceptable, with 2.75 and 2.0% being most likable. It can be concluded that, from a technical point of view, the salt content in ostrich bacon can be reduced successfully to produce ostrich bacon with low salt levels, although consumer preference for salt remains high.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelstellings van hierdie studie was drievoudig: (i) om die effek van die vervanging van varkvet met olyfolie op die fisiko-chemiese en sensoriese eienskappe van volstruispolonie te bestudeer; (ii) om die effek van die vervanging van natriumtripolifosfaat met iotakarrageenan op die fisikochemiese en sonsoriese eienskappe op die van hergestruktureerde volstruisham te bestudeer; en (iii) om die effek van sout (NaCl) vermindering op die fisiko-chemiese en sensoriese eienskappe van volstruisspek te bestudeer. Die polonie behandelings het uit vyf vlakke olyfolie bestaan wat by die polonie formulasie in 5% inkremente 0% tot 20% gevoeg is. Hardheid, taaiheid en skeurkrag het afgeneem (P≤0.05) met verhoogde vlakke van olyfolie. Die L*- en b*-waardes het afgeneem (P≤0.05) met verhoogde vlakke van olyfolie en uiteibdelik ‘n ligter en geler produk geproduseer. Die betrokke volstruispolonie behandelings het ‘n gunstige vetsuurprofiel wat in lyn is met internasionale aanbevole standaarde. ‘n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het gevind dat die verhoogde vlakke van olyfolie ‘n betekenisvolle (P≤0.05) effek het op die kleur, geprossesseerde vleisgeur en -aroma, volstruis aroma, olyfolie aroma, fermheid en sappigheid. ‘n Verbruikerspaneel het gevind dat al vyf polonie behandelings aanvaarbaar is. Olyfolie kan dus suksesvol gebruik word in die produksie van laevet volstruispolonie. Hergestruktureerde volstruisham het bestaan uit vyf afnemende fosfaat vlakke (0.7, 0.53, 0.35, 0.18 and 0%) en vyf toenemende vlakke van karrageenan (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). Die opbrengs van gaar hergestruktureerde volstruisham het afgeneem (P≤0.05) met verlaagde vlakke van fosfaat. Geen betekenisvolle patroon is in instrumentele kleurmeting gevind nie. Hardheid, binding en taaiheid het toegeneem met afnemende fosfaat vlakke. Daar is bewys dat volstruisham ‘n gunstige vetsuurprofiel het wat in lyn is met internasionale aanbevole standaarde het. ‘n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het gevind dat afnemende fosfaatvlakke ‘n betekenisvolle effek op die sensoriese eienskappe van volstruisvleis geur en aroma asook melerigheid, maar geen betekenisvolle effek op die speserygeur en -aroma gehad nie. Drie behandelings met verskillende fosfaat vlakke (0.7, 0.35 and 0%) is deur ‘n verbruikerspaneel vir aanvaaraarheid getoets. Die verbruikerspaneel het gevind dat die behandelings met 0.7 en 0.35% fosfaat aanvaarbaar was. Karrageenan kan dus gebruik word om fosfaat te vervang by ‘n vlak van 0.35% fosfaat en 0.2% karrageenan in volstruisham. Volstruisspek is geproduseet met vyf soutvlakke (NaCl), nl 3.5, 2.75, 2.0, 1.25 en 0.5%. Verlaagde soutvlakke het geen beteknisvolle effek op die L*-, a*- en b*-waardes van die vyf behandelings gehad nie. Volstruisspek het ook ‘n besonder gunstige vetsuurprofiel. ‘n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het gevind dat die effek van verhoogde soutvlakke ‘n betekenisvolle effek het op die volgende sensoriese eienskappe: geur en aroma van volstruisvleis; geur en aroma van gerookte spek; en southeid. ‘n Verbruikerspaneel het gevind dat al die behandelings aanvaarbaar was, met die monsters met 2.75 and 2.0% sout as mees aanvaarbaar. In opsomming, die soutinhoud van volstruisspek kan uit ‘n tegniese oogpunt suksesvol verlaag word om ‘n produk met ‘n laer soutinhoud te produseer, alhoewel verbruikersvoorkeur vir sout hoog bly.

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22

Puangsombat, Kanithaporn. "Formation and inhibition of heterocyclic amines in meat products." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4870.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Food Science Institute -- Animal Science & Industry
J. Scott Smith
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are produced in meats cooked at high temperature, which are potent mutagens and a risk factor for human cancers. Occurrence of HCAs in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products and cooked meat products based on prevalence of various cooking methods that are preferred among U.S. meat consumers were investigated. The primary HCAs detected in samples were PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine), MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline), and DiMeIQx (2-amino-3,4,8-trimethyl-imidazo [4,5-f]quinoxaline). RTE meat products were ranked in the following order of increasing total HCA content: pepperoni (0.05 ng/g) < hot dogs and deli meat products (0.5 ng/g) < fully cooked bacon (1.1 ng/) < rotisserie chicken meat (1.9 ng/g) < rotisserie chicken skin (16.3 ng/g). In cooked meat products, high levels of total HCAs were found in fried pork (13.91 ng/g), fried fish (14.91 ng/g), and fried bacon (17.91 ng/g). Inhibition of HCAs by rosemary extracts, which were extracted with different solvents, were evaluated in cooked beef patties. Five rosemary extracts were 100W (100% water), 10E (10% ethanol), 20E (20% ethanol), 30E (30% ethanol), and 40E (40% ethanol). Rosemary extract 20E containing a mixture of rosmarinic acid (27.3 mg/g), carnosol (72.9 mg/g), and carnosic acid (4.2 mg/g) showed the greatest inhibition of MeIQx (up to 91.7%) and PhIP (up to 85.3%). The effect of enhancement and marination on HCA formation in meat products was investigated. The addition of salt and phosphate greatly improved the water-holding capacity and decreased HCA formation (up to 58%) in enhanced fresh meat products. An greater reduction of HCAs (up to 79%) was found in marinated fresh meat; the enhancement solution for this meat contained ingredients that exhibited good antioxidant properties.

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23

Bailey, Colin. "Improved understanding of the chilling, freezing and thawing of meat and meat products through thermal analysis and measurement." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618658.

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Prior to commencement of the work reported in this thesis, the design and operation of food remgerati'on systems had focused very largely on the equipment side of the evaporator. However, from the beginning of the 1970s, the picture changed dramatically, largely as a result of a whole new raft of food temperature legislation, both national and international, based on food safety requirements. As a consequence, industry was forced to consider, much more closely, the factors affecting throughput rates, product yield, energy costs and the criteria for optimal organoleptic quality. This created a soaring demand for process design and operating data, but few such data were available. A wide-ranging research programme was therefore initiated to provide the data required. Not least of the challenges to be overcome, were the problems created by the size, shape, complexity of composition and variability of meat and meat products. A principal requirement was thus the design, development and construction of a complete range of dedicated pilot plants, with the necessary control and instrumentation to overcome these problems. It was realised from the outset, that the data required, for the large range of meat and meat products, could never be obtained by experiment alone, because of the sheer number of product and environmental variables that had to be included. A central plank of the research programme was thus the development of predictive models. This thesis describes the various research programmes that were set in place to provide the required design and operating data. The investigations have produced many contributions to knowledge and, through thermal analysis and measurement, have advanced understanding of chilling, freezing and thawing of meat and meat products. More recently this has been extended to baked goods and other chilled foods in retail display. The data generated have ensured improved design of process facilities, reduced costs to industry and enhanced both food safety and quality.

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24

Cloete, Anya. "Microbial quality and safety of ostrich meat." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3372_1319792808.

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The aim of this study was to determine the quality of slaughtered ostrich meat and to evaluate the ostrich slaughter process, to determine whether ostrich meat are contaminated by the in-house slaughtering practices and if prevalence of microorganisms increase with the succession of the slaughter process. Furthermore, the presence of specific foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms was explored by means of molecular and conventional methods to determine whether ostrich meat is a source of these microorganisms. Data obtained from this study provides some baseline information that could be used in future studies on system contamination and the extent of downstream processing steps in the production of ostrich meat. Antimicrobial resistance has become a growing area of concern in both human and veterinary medicine, it is therefore necessary that another aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistant pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in ostrich meat in order to establish whether Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from ostrich meat samples show resistance to antibiotics

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25

Sindelar, Jeffrey Joseph. "Investigating uncured no nitrate or nitrite added processed meat products." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.

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26

Dion, Bruno J. "Application of high-pressure homogenization for the proximate analysis of meat and meat products by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36912.

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An industrial Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) milk analyser has been adapted for the proximate analysis of fresh or cooked meat and meat products. Stable freeze-dried samples of ground beef and bologna were prepared for the calibration of an FTIR spectrometer equipped with a 37-mum transmission cell maintained at a constant temperature of 65°C and were analysed for fat, protein, moisture, and ash by the official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) prior to instrumental measurement. The requirement to prepare a "milk-like" emulsion of meat for FTIR analysis led to the development of two prototype high-pressure homogenizers specifically designed to produce analytical volumes of emulsions in which the largest residual colloids present in suspension would have dimensions smaller than 1 mum. Emulsified samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy and laser light scattering spectroscopy to determine the size distribution of fat globules and the dimensions of the residual insoluble fragments of protein.
"Milk-like" emulsions of meat passed three times through a high-pressure homogenizer operating at 20,000 psi (138 MPa) had an average fat globule diameter of less than 320 nm. Also, the use of high-pressure homogenization eliminated the need to filter out insoluble proteins from connective tissues prior to the infrared analysis, resulting in a more accurate determination of the protein content in the meat samples. The results of validation studies conducted with both fresh and freeze-dried samples demonstrated that it is possible to analyse meat samples simultaneously for fat, protein, carbohydrates and moisture with good accuracy in approximately 7½; minutes per sample employing existing FTIR instrumentation used for the routine analysis of milk and dairy products.

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27

Sellers, Glen Lin Hui-Chu. "Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and lidocaine in serum and milk of mature Holstein cows." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/SELLERS_GLEN_19.pdf.

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28

Al-Omirah, Husam F. "Proteolytic degradation products as indicators of quality in meat and fish." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27268.

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Assessment of freshness and quality of meat and fish is a major activity of both food regulatory agencies and the food industry. Various methods are used for measuring fish and meat quality, each with its particular advantages and limitations. However, methods based on monitoring the products of proteolysis have received relatively little attention. The objective of the present study was to identify specific protein and peptide products of proteolysis as indicators of freshness and quality during chilled storage of fresh fish and meat.
Samples of meat and fish were subjected to chilled storage; at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days, samples were subjected to protein and peptide extraction, and separation of individual sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins by SDS and native electrophoresis. These extracted proteins along with acid soluble nitrogen (ASN) were separated by RP-HPLC, fractions were collected and identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).
RP-HPLC separated at least thirty fractions from the ASN extract of fresh fish. ESI-MS revealed the presence of at least twenty-five polypeptides with molecular weights (MW) ranging from 2 to 32 kDa. The relative area % of the polypeptides with MW 32.8 kDa and 42.8 kDa decreased during the storage while polypeptides of MW of 10.9 kDa and 16.7 kDa increased during storage. Changes in polypeptides of MW 12, 34.2 and 42.8 kDa was also observed. The sarcoplasmic protein extracted from ground and whole meat contained at least 12 polypeptides with MW ranging from 11 to 42 kDa. The relative area % of polypeptide of MW of 35.7 kDa decreased during storage. The results suggest that changes in proteins and polypeptides of MW 10.9, 12, 16.7, 32.8, 34.2 and 42.88 kDa in fish and 35.7 kDa in meat could serve as indicators of spoilage.

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Al-Omirah, Husam F. "Proteolytic degradation products as indicators of quality in meat and fish." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0004/MQ29642.pdf.

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30

Kissenkötter, Jonas [Verfasser]. "On-site identification of animal species in meat products / Jonas Kissenkötter." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237633508/34.

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31

Prendergast, Deirdre Martina. "Contamination of meat and environment with central nervous system (CNS) material during cattle slaughter." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272058.

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32

Karre, Elizabeth A. "An overview of some natural antioxidants used in meat and poultry products." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1508.

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Castilho, Natália Parma Augusto. "Bacteriocinogenic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolates from artisanal fermented meat products." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/22527.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi isolar e caracterizar bactérias ácido láticas (BAL) presentes em embutidos cárneos fermentados artesanais através de técnicas fenotípicas e genotípicas, buscando a seleção de isolados com potencial bacteriocinogênico. BAL isoladas foram obtidas de embutidos cárneos fermentados artesanais e foram caracterizadas quanto a sua atividade bacteriocinogênica; após o isolamento e identificação foram obtidos 5 diferentes isolados: Lactobacillus curvatus 12 e 36; Lactococcus garvieae 32 e Weissella viridescens 23 e 31 e realizada a detecção de genes de bacteriocinas; devido aos resultados encontrados em relação ao espectro de atividade e efeito de substâncias químicas e temperatura na atividade inibitória, três isolados foram selecionados (L. curvatus 12 e 36 e W. viridescens 23) para as demais análises para avaliar o potencial bacteriocinogênico. Os isolados selecionados apresentaram multiplicação distinta e a produção de bacteriocinas foi mais evidente em L. curvatus 12 e W. viridescens 23. As bacteriocinas produzidas foram adsorvidas pelas cepas produtoras em diferentes níveis. As bacteriocinas parcialmente purificadas mantiveram sua atividade inibitória após a eluição com 60% de isopropanol. Os padrões de lise celular foram semelhantes para todos os isolados testados. A detecção de β-galactosidase indicou desestabilização da permeabilidade da membrana celular das BAL isoladas. As bacteriocinas produzidas por L. curvatus 12 foram purificadas através do HPLC e foram identificados 4 diferentes sequências de peptídeos. Os isolados de BAL selecionados foram capazes de produzir bacteriocinas com alta atividade inibitória contra L. monocytogenes, indicando sua potencial aplicação na indústria de alimentos como bioconservadores. Para a avaliação da presença de genes de virulência, resistência a antibióticos e probióticos foram utilizados os cinco isolados anteriormente identificados. Todos os isolados testados foram positivos para mub, enquanto EF226-cbp, EF1249-fbp eEF2380-maz foram detectados em pelo menos um isolado; nenhum isolado apresentou os genes map, EFTu ou prgB. Os isolados testados apresentaram resultados variados em relação aos genes de virulência e nenhum isolado apresentou os genes gelE, cylA, efsA, cpd, int-Tn ou sprE. Os genes de resistência aos antibióticos também apresentaram resultados variados. Os isolados de BAL apresentaram alguns aspectos benéficos, além da produção de bacteriocinas, porém a presença de genes de virulência e resistência a antibióticos é um problema ao utilizar esses isolados como culturas starter ou bioconservadores em alimentos. Considerando o potencial inibitório dessas cepas, uma alternativa seria o uso de suas bacteriocinas após procedimentos de semi-purificação ou purificação. Linguiça frescal foi preparada e inoculada com diferentes combinações de L. curvatus 12 (BAL bacteriocinogênica), L. sakei ATCC 15521 (BAL não bacteriocinogênica), L. monocytogenes, nisina e a bacteriocina parcialmente purificada produzida por L. curvatus 12 e estocadas a 7 °C durante 10 dias. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas nos dias 1, 4, 7 e 10 e as análises físico-químicas (controle) nos dias 1 e 10. No geral, as contagens de BAL não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos e ao longo do período de estocagem (p > 0.05). As contagens de L. monocytogenes em linguiça frescal inoculada com o patógeno e a BAL bacteriocinogênica variaram de 1.0 a 2.0 log UFC/g, sendo significativamente diferente da linguiça inoculada apenas com L. monocytogenes (p < 0.05). Nisina e a bacteriocina parcialmente purificadas também determinaram uma redução nas contagens de L. monocytogenes quando comparado com o tratamento que foi inoculado somente o patógeno, variando de 1.0 a 3.0 log UFC/g (p > 0.05). Esses resultados indicam que BAL bacteriocinogênica foi capaz de determinar uma redução significativa na contagem de L. monocytogenes em linguiça frescal estocada a 7 °C.
The aim of the study was isolate and characterized lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from artisanal fermented meat products through phenotypic and genotypic methodologies, searching for the selection of isolates with bacteriocinogenic potential. LAB isolates were obtained from artisanal fermented meat products and were characterized to their bacteriocinogenic activity; after isolation and identification were obtained 5 different isolates: Lactobacillus curvatus 12 and 36; Lactococcus garvieae 32 and Weissella viridescens 23 and 31 and the detection of bacteriocins related genes were performed; L. curvatus 12 and 36 e W. viridescens 23 were selected for the other analysis to evaluate the bacteriocinogenic potential. The selected isolates showed distinct growth and bacteriocin production was more evident in L. curvatus 12 and W. viridescens 23. The bacteriocins produced were adsorbed by the producing strains at different levels. Partially purified bacteriocins maintained their inhibitory activity after elution with 60% isopropanol. Cell lysis patterns were similar for all isolates tested. Detection of β-galactosidase indicated destabilization of the cell membrane permeability of the isolated BAL. The bacteriocins produced by L. curvatus 12 were purified by HPLC and four different peptide sequences were identified. The selected BAL isolates were able to produce bacteriocins with high inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes, indicating their potential application in the food industry as bioconservatives. For the evaluation of the presence of virulence genes, resistance to antibiotics and probiotics, the five isolates previously identified were used. All isolates tested were positive for mub, while EF226-cbp, EF1249-fbp and EF2380-maz were detected in at least one isolate; none isolated showed map, EFTu or prgB. The isolates tested presented variable results in relation to the virulence genes and no isolates showed the genes gelE, cylA, efsA, cpd, int-Tn or sprE. Antibiotic resistance genes were also detected at different patterns. LAB isolates presented some beneficial aspects besides the production of bacteriocins, but the presence of virulence genes and resistance to antibiotics is a problem when using these isolates as starter or bioconservative cultures in foods. Considering the inhibitory potential of these strains, an alternative would be the use of their bacteriocins after semi-purification or purification procedures. Fresh sausage was prepared and inoculated with different combinations of L. curvatus 12 (bacteriocinogenic BAL), L. sakei ATCC 15521 (non bacteriocinogenic BAL), L. monocytogenes, nisin and partially purified bacteriocin produced by L. curvatus 12 and stored at 7 ° C for 10 days. Microbiological analyzes were performed on days 1, 4, 7 and 10 and physical-chemical analyzes (control) on days 1 and 10. In general, LAB counts did not show significant differences between treatments and throughout the storage period (p> 0.05). The counts of L. monocytogenes in fresh sausage inoculated with the pathogen and the bacteriocinogenic LAB varied from 1.0 to 2.0 log CFU/g, being significantly different from the sausage inoculated with only L. monocytogenes (p < 0.05). Nisin and partially purified bacteriocin also determined a reduction in the counts of L. monocytogenes when compared to the treatment that was inoculated only the pathogen, ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 log CFU/g (p> 0.05). These results indicate that the bacteriocinogenic LAB was able to determine a significant reduction in the count of L. monocytogenes in fresh sausage stored at 7 ° C.

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Hasan, Haslina. "Development of an LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of triacylglycerols from meat and application in the discrimination of cooked meat products." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1079/.

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A single stage reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) separation of animal fat triacylglycerols (TAGs) has been developed for coupling with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry using an ion trap mass spectrometer. The method developed offers significant improvements on existing methods for TAG analysis, giving better resolution of TAGs with similar equivalent carbon number (ECN), and good separation of TAGs with odd ECN and TAG regioisomers of animal fats. Although the analysis times for chromatographic analysis of these TAGs are long, this is compensated by better separation of highly unsaturated TAGs. Development of an ultra high performance liquid chromatography method has reduced the run time by half, while maintaining separation and resolution. The TAG profiles of fats reflect their fatty acid (FA) compositions, showing a high proportion of unsaturated FAs for chicken and pork, whereas, saturated FAs are dominant in the major TAGs detected in beef and lamb. The improved RP HPLC separation of TAGs developed in this study has been shown to give more reliable discrimination of different animal species than previous methods including analysis of FAs as the methyl esters and RP HPLC separations of intact TAGs. All animal species separated well in the principal component analysis (PCA) plot of TAG profiles, whereas in the PCA plot of FA, chicken plots very close to pork fat, particularly ham. The profiles of TAGs in animal species highlight a number of components that are important for species discrimination. The meat products of different species (beef, pork, chicken and lamb) cooked by microwave, roasting and currying are separated well in the PCA scores plot. This work shows that the discrimination of meat from different animal species is possible for both raw and cooked meat products, and reveals that the differences produced by the various cooking methods were less than the variations observed between species. The loadings values for the scores plot of TAGs for raw and cooked meat products are similar to the raw meat in different animal species and have the same important descriptors for discrimination. Hence, analysis of intact TAGs in cooked food products has considerable potential for detection of adulteration of cooked meat-based food products.

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Hussain, Faris A. Karim. "Evaluating frozen beef and meat packaging material exposed to low levels of ammonia gas." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1646.

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Kamba, Evelyn Tatenda. "Effects of Aloe ferox in drinking water, on growth performance, blood parameters, meat quality, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of broiler meat." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020202.

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The objective of the study was to determine the effects of Aloe ferox inclusion in drinking water on growth performance, blood biochemistry, physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of broiler meat. The importance of A. ferox as a medicinal plant and factors that influence its utilization by communal poultry farmers were also investigated by use of a questionnaire survey. The survey revealed that the majority of respondents (84.6%) faced health challenges in their chickens and many relied (96.2%) on A. ferox to treat diseases and control parasites. The study also revealed that the choice of medicine (traditional or conventional) was influenced (P<0.05) by level of education and income. In the second phase of the research, a total of 600 Ross 308 day-old broilers, were randomly put in 6 treatment groups with 4 replicates, each having 25 birds. Fresh aqueous A. ferox leaf juice (ALJ) was administered in drinking water at a dosage of 20ml/litre to T1, T2 and T3 from day one to day 35, day one to day 14 and day 15 to day 28, respectively. Birds in T4 and T5 (positive controls) were treated with terramycin at the recommended dosage of 14g/litre of drinking water from day one to day 6 and from day 15 to 20, respectively; and birds in T6 (negative control) received distilled water from day 1 to 35. Feed Intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated for the 5 week trial. After slaughter, carcass characteristics particularly dressing percentage (DP) and relative organ weight (ROW) were calculated. Serum biochemistry was also determined. For meat quality, pH and color were recorded 45 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter from the breast muscle. Fatty acid profiling and oxidative stability were determined using meat samples from the breast and thigh muscles. The results for growth performance showed that thebirds which were given A. ferox for the first two weeks (T2) consumed significantly (P>0.05) more feed (189.4g) than those in the negative control (159.6g) at the beginning of the starter phase. Subsequently, their ADG recorded on day 7 (27.1g) and day 14 (43.1g) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the negative control (22.8g and 36.2g, respectively). Significant treatment effects (P<0.05) for FCR were reported in the 4th week for the birds that received A. ferox throughout (T1: 3.5). Carcass characteristics were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by A. ferox inclusion in drinking water. The highest high density lipoprotein (HDL) values (2.78 mmol/L) were yielded in T2and T3 had the lowest values (0.61mmol/L) for low density lipoprotein (LDL). For physico-chemical properties, no significant effects (P>0.05) of treatment on pH, colour, cooking loss and tenderness were observed. However, the group treated with A.ferox throughout the production cycle, had the highest pH (6.2), lowest lightness (38.5), highest redness (4.1), highest tenderness (13.86N) and the lowest cooking loss (12.6%). Significant treatment effects (P<0.05) were observed on the composition of the PUFA eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3c8, 11, 14(n-6)) of the breast muscle which was significantly lower in the A. ferox treatment groups than the positive controls. For the thigh muscle, there were significant (P<0.05) treatment effects on composition of palmitoleic acid (C16:1c9) and g-linolenic acid (C18:3c6, 9, 12 (n-3)). No significant (P>0.05) effects were found on oxidative stability of both thigh and breast muscles. In conclusion, the wide use of A. ferox by communal chicken farmers showed its importance as a medicinal plant. Apart from it being an effective medicinal plant, A. ferox inclusion in drinking water results in improved FI, ADG, reduced in LDLC and better g-linolenic and palmitoleic acid composition in the meat.

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Abongo, BO, and MNB Momba. "Prevalence and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from meat and meat products sold in Amathole District, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Elsevier, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001755.

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a b s t r a c t Meat and meat products have been implicated in outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in most parts of the world. In the Amathole District Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, a large number of households consume meat and meat products daily, although the microbiological quality of these types of food is questionable. The present study investigated the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from selected meat and meat products (45 samples each of biltong, cold meat, mincemeat, and polony) sold in this area. Strains of E. coli O157:H7 were isolated by enrichment culture and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also investigated were the antibiogram profiles of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates. Five (2.8%) out of 180 meat and meat products examined were positive for E. coli O157:H7 that carried the fliCH7, rfbEO157, and eaeA genes. Two of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates were resistant against all the eight antibiotics tested. To prevent E. coli O157:H7 infections, meat and meat products such as biltong, cold meat, mincemeat and polony should be properly handled, and packed in sterile polyvinyl wrappers.

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White, W. J. P. "The efficacy of 3-methylhistidine as a robust index of meat protein." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378581.

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Schlüter, Simon Wilhelm [Verfasser]. "Impact of regulatory measures on international trade in meat products / Simon Wilhelm Schlüter." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1043054952/34.

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Gill, Alexander Ogilvie. "Application of lysozyme and nisin to control bacterial growth on cured meat products." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0023/MQ51714.pdf.

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Gill, Alexander Ogilvie. "Application of lysozyme and nisin to control bacterial growth on cured meat products." Ottawa : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0023/MQ51714.pdf.

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Endrikat, Sarah Ann. "Risk Assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-eat Meat and Poultry Products." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35058.

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Various control methods used in the meat and poultry processing environment to mitigate listeriosis were evaluated using a dynamic in-plant Monte Carlo model. These control methods included food contact surface testing, sanitation, post-processing lethality treatment, and product formulation with microbial growth inhibitors. The dynamic in-plant model served as an input into the risk assessment model developed by the FDA and FSIS in 2003 which predicts the number of deaths and illnesses resulting from the use of each control method. The use of growth inhibitors combined with a post-processing lethality step was estimated to save over 200 more lives than the FSIS proposed minimum sampling standard. An analysis of data collected by the National Alliance for Food Safety and Security (NAFSS) found that retail-sliced deli meats have a greater prevalence and concentration of L. monocytogenes than prepackaged deli meats. Cross contamination at the retail level is suspected due to clustering of sample positives by store and the influence of sampling time of day on the prevalence of L. monocytogenes. The comparative risk of Listeria monocytogenes in retail sliced versus prepackaged deli meats was evaluated using a modified version of the 2003 FDA-FSIS risk assessment model which considered slicing location and the use of growth inhibitors. The comparative risk ratio for the number of deaths from retail-sliced versus prepackaged deli meats was found to be 9.1 and retail-sliced product with a growth inhibitor was found to be at greater risk for listeriosis than prepackaged product without growth inhibitor.
Master of Science

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Obongo, BO, MNB Momba, and N. Rodda. "Health risk Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water and meat and meat products and vegetables to diarrhoeic confrimed and non-confirmed HIV/AIDS patience." Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000756.

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The current study explored the health risk of E. coli O157:H7 to diarrhoeic confrimed and non-confirmed HIV/AIDS patients due to their exposure to presumed ingestion of water, meat, meat products and vegetables ostensibly contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. Strains of E. coli O157:H7 were isolated by enrichment culture and on Cefixime-Telurite Sorbitol MacConkey agar. Average counts of presumptive E. coli O157 were used for dose-response assessment.Probability of infection to confrimed and non-confirmedHIV/AIDS patients was 20 and 27 % from meat and meat products, 21% and 15% from vegetables and 100% due to ingestion of 1500ml person day of water. Drinking water had higher probability of transmitting E. coli O157 :H infections than meat and meat products and vegetables.Prabability of E coli O157:H7 infections were high for confrimed HIV/AIDS patients than for non-confirmed patients. Water and foods consumed by HIV/AIDS patients should be safe of any microbial contaminants, these waters and foods should as well be investigated for other enteric pathogens to establish their safety.

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Shilenge, Lebogang Brenda. "Microbial hazards associated with meat processing in butcheries within Mangaung Metropolitan Municipal area." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/248.

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Thesis (M. Tech. (Environmental Health)) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014
In the battle to sustain and produce quality food that is safe and affordable, the limited legislative and regulatory environment continues to allow opportunities for food to become contaminated during processing. The degree of contamination distributed over the final food product (including meat products) depends upon several factors that include knowledge and behaviour of the food handlers, equipment, the hygiene habits of personnel, and the monitoring that takes place at food processing plants (including butcheries). The current study was conducted in five selected butcheries (forming 15% of the registered butcheries at the time the study was conducted) in the Mangaung Metropolitan municipal area, purposely targeting the ones registered with the municipality. The hygiene practices of meat handlers were assessed (through self-administered questionnaires) because meat is a perishable product that requires labour intensive processing for production of quality products. Thus, mishandling by food handlers may create and maintain conditions favourable to microbial contamination. Furthermore, the study assessed and characterised microbial contamination on working surfaces and utensils through swabs as well as bioluminescence instrument [Adenosine Tri-phosphate (ATP) Hygiena] for cleanness of the working environment. Concomitant to the above, meat handlers’ hands and aprons were also assessed for possible microbial contamination as well as their characterisation. Lastly, aerosolised microbes [through an air sampler (Surface Air System) SAS Super 90] were also collected for iv quantification and identification during working hours as airborne microbes can settle on working surfaces and/or utensils as a result of movement of workers and other related working processes. Statistical points such as correlations, standard deviations, group standard deviations as well as significant differences were captured per respective chapter where necessary. Data reported in this study is over 3 month period with two weeks intervals during sampling and thus reported as either weekly or rounds between sampling periods. The results of the current study indicate that the food safety objectives are negligibly achieved, indicating a need for proper food safety training which is audit based. On administration of a questionnaire, food handlers showed poor knowledge of food safety awareness coupled with poor attitude and behaviour in terms of food safety. The five butchery premises were further examined regarding the airborne and surface microbial loads, as well as that of the food handlers’ hands, during processing. The microbial loads in the air appeared to comply with the suggested limits at all the sampled butcheries. Microbial loads on meat contact surfaces showed levels conforming to the South African standard or guideline of 1 × 102 cfu.m-2. Total Coliforms on hands and on aprons were compared to the general microbial target value of <2.5 cfu.m-2 as suggested by literature. In this study, Matrix Laser Desorption Time of Flight Mass Spectrophotometer (MALDI-TOF MS) was found to be an accurate, rapid and cost effective method towards v identifying of foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria including yeast. Moreover, in recent years South Africa’s meat scandals have increased consumer awareness and the demand for food safety. Section 11 of the Meat Safety Act (Act no. 40 of 2000) stipulates that every abattoir must utilize an independent inspection service appointed by the department of agriculture to ensure that meat of high quality and wholesomeness is produced. However, once the meat and meat products leave the abattoir, they are under the jurisdiction of the local authorities who rely only on visual assessment as opposed to microbiological inspection in the maintenance of their hygiene and quality. Despite the high incidence of foodborne illnesses in both developed and developing countries; South African data on foodborne illness incidents is still insufficient. This could be attributed to the fact that in South Africa, legislation governing the acceptable standards of the levels of microbiota in the air and on food handlers’ hands is still inadequate. Additionally, lack of obligatory usage of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) procedures in the meat premises poses a risk for economic productivity. In conclusion, the identification of airborne bacteria in the butcheries strongly suggests that in the planning of the existing establishments, the building layout, control of the traffic flow of personnel, the durability and imperviousness of floors, the ventilation system and the placement of the equipment were not carefully considered. This may play a role in the prevalence and proliferation of airborne microbes as the resulting establishments provide an environment conducive to the breeding of microbes. vi In regard to swabs, it was concluded that floors may present a high point of contamination possibly through aerosolization of microbial communities. Moreover, cleaning materials and hygiene practices need to be reviewed. The results of the administered questionnaire showed that food handlers should be sufficiently trained with regard to food quality management tools such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems and food safety. The evaluation of meat contact surfaces for organic soils to determine their cleanliness using the rapid ATP bioluminescence testing can be convenient for everyone involved in the food chain since visual and touch inspection cannot be conclusive enough to meet regulatory requirements in terms of microbial counts.

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Jackson, Armitra. "Investigating the microbiological safety of uncured no nitrate or nitrite added processed meat products." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3403805.

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46

Lucius, Ruth. "Effects of hexametaphosphate levels on listeria innocua growth in ready-to-eat meat products." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6541.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 8 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 8). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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Paim, Tiago do Prado. "Effect of feeding lambs with cottonseed co-products on reproductive system and meat quality." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-18012013-151422/.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding cotton co-products with different gossypol concentrations on reproductive development of lambs close to puberty and also on carcass traits and fatty acid profile of meat. Twenty four 5-months old ram lambs (20.6 ± 1.9 kg BW) were used. These were housed in individual pens and received four diets: 20% of dry matter intake (DMI) of whole cottonseed (WCS), 20%DMI of cottonseed meal (CSM), 20%DMI of high oil cottonseed meal (CSC) and a control group without cottonseed co-products (CTL). Free gossypol intake was 0, 16.32, 6.98 and 5.47 mg/kgBW for CTL, WCS, CSC and CSM, respectively. At each 15 days, the animals were weighted, and blood and semen samples were collected. Sperm motility, vigor, mass movement, concentration and pathologies were evaluated. The free testosterone and cortisol concentrations in serum were determined. After 95 experimental days, the lambs were slaughtered and carcass traits were measured. Meat samples of Longissumus dorsi muscle were taken for fatty acid profile analysis. And testis samples were collected to analysis in light and transmission electron microscopes. The treatments did not differ in average daily weight gain, sperm volume, motility, vigor and concentration. The CTL group had higher testosterone concentration than CSC at the end of trial and had lower total sperm defects and higher mass movement than others. The number of mitochondrial sheath aplasia increased with increasing gossypol level in diet. There was no relation between the other variables evaluated and gossypol level in diets; however the groups that received cottonseed co-products showed worse reproductive parameters than CTL. Therefore, these co-products had negative impact on reproductive system of puberal lambs. In relation to fatty acid profile, meat from CSM and CSC groups had higher levels of conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) than others and yet CSC group showed higher vaccenic acid than others. Meat from animals that received whole cottonseed had less unsaturated fatty acids, CLA and vaccenic acid. Therefore, between cotton co-products, the processed (CSM and CSC) must be preferred for use in ruminant feed rather than whole cottonseed. The meat from animals that did not receive cotton co-products had higher n-3 fatty acid, and also better n-6 to n-3 ratio compared to others. This can impair the use of these co-products due to current great importance given to these fatty acids in human nutrition
Com este estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da alimentação com co-produtos do algodão tendo diferentes concentrações de gossipol no desenvolvimento reprodutivo de cordeiros no período próximo a puberdade e também nas características de carcaça e no perfil de ácidos graxos da carne. Vinte e quatro cordeiros com 5 meses de idade (20.6 ± 1.9 kg PV) foram utilizados. Estes foram alojados em baias individuais e receberam quatro dietas: 20% da ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) de caroço de algodão (CAROÇO), 20%IMS de farelo de algodão (FARELO), 20%IMS de torta de algodão (TORTA) e um grupo controle (CONTROLE) sem o uso de co-produtos do algodão. A ingestão de gossipol livre foi de 0, 16,32, 6,98 e 5,47 mg/kgPV para CONTROLE, CAROÇO, TORTA e FARELO, respectivamente. A cada 15 dias, os animais foram pesados, e amostras de sangue e sêmen foram coletadas. O sêmen foi analisado quanto a motilidade, vigor, turbilhão, concentração e patologias. Foram determinadas a concentração de testosterona livre e cortisol no soro sanguíneo. Após 95 dias de experimento, os cordeiros foram abatidos e as características de rendimento de carcaça e composição da 12ª costela foram mensuradas. Amostras do músculo Longissumus dorsi foram coletadas para a análise do perfil de ácidos graxos. Amostras dos testículos foram coletadas para análise em microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os tratamentos não diferiram em ganho em peso diário, volume ejaculado, motilidade, vigor e concentração espermática. Os animais do grupo CONTROLE apresentaram concentração de testosterona maior que os do grupo TORTA no final do período experimental. E ainda os animais do grupo CONTROLE tiveram menor número de defeitos totais e maior turbilhão que os outros. O número de lesões de aplasia da bainha mitocondrial aumentou com o aumento do teor de gossipol livre na dieta. Para as outras variáveis avaliadas, não houve relação com o nível de gossipol livre na dieta, no entanto os animais que receberam co-produtos do algodão apresentaram piores parâmetros reprodutivos do que os animais do grupo CONTROLE. Por isso, pode-se concluir que estes co-produtos tiveram um impacto negativo no sistema reprodutivo dos cordeiros durante a puberdade. Em relação ao perfil de ácidos graxos, a carne dos animais dos grupos TORTA e FARELO apresentaram maiores valores de ácido linolênico conjugado (CLA) que os outros dois tratamentos e ainda os animais do grupo TORTA apresentaram maior teor de ácido vacênico que os outros. A carne dos animais que receberam caroço de algodão mostrou menor quantidade de ácidos graxos insaturados, CLA e ácido vacênico. Portanto, dentre os co-produtos do algodão, os processados (FARELO e TORTA) devem ser preferidos para uso na nutrição de ruminantes em detrimento ao caroço. A carne dos animais do grupo CONTROLE apresentou maior teor de n-3, e ainda melhor proporção entre n-6 e n-3 comparado com as demais dietas, o que pode dificultar o uso desses co-produtos devido a grande importância dada atualmente a este grupo de ácidos graxos na nutrição humana

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48

Steele, Kyle Stover. "Shelf life of five meat products displayed under light emitting diode or fluorescent lighting." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13135.

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Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Elizabeth A. E. Boyle
Light emitting diode (LED) and fluorescent (FLS) lighting effects on enhanced pork loin chops, beef longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus steaks, ground beef, and ground turkey displayed in two retail display cases set up with similar operational temperatures were evaluated using visual and instrumental color, Enterobacteriaceae (EB) and aerobic plate counts (APC), internal product and case temperatures, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Visual discoloration of the five meat products increased (P<0.05) as display time increased. Beef longissimus dorsi steaks, ground beef, and the superficial portion of beef semimembranosus steaks had less (P<0.05) visual discoloration under LED lighting than FLS. Compared to FLS, pork loin chops under LED lighting had higher (P<0.05) L* values and a lower (P<0.05) a/b ratio. The deep portion semimembranosus steak under LED was redder (P<0.05) and the superficial portion had a lower (P<0.05) a/b ratio; LED deep and superficial portion semimembranosus steaks had higher (P<0.05) saturation index values at 5.18 and 4.47, respectively, on d 0 than FLS. Pork chops under LED lighting had lower (P<0.05) APC populations than FLS by the end of display. Enterobacteriaceae populations fluctuated throughout display on ground turkey under FLS lighting while populations remained stable under LED. APC populations increased as display time increased for pork loin chops, ground beef and ground turkey, but not beef longissimus dorsi steaks possibly due to initial case-ready postmortem age. As display time increased, EB populations increased (P<0.05) for pork loin chops, ground beef and ground turkey. The internal temperature of all products, except beef longissimus dorsi steaks, was lower (P<0.05) in the LED case. FLS case temperatures were higher (P<0.05) by 0.56 to 1.11°C than LED over the duration of the study. Pork loin chops, ground turkey, and beef semimembranosus steaks had higher (P<0.05) TBARS values by 0.06 to 0.24 mg malonaldehyde/kg under LED lighting, but lighting type did not affect (P>0.05) lipid oxidation of beef longissimus dorsi steaks or ground beef. LED lighting results in lower display case temperatures, lower internal product temperatures, and extended color life; however, lipid oxidation was increased in some cuts under LED lighting.

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Díaz, Gómez Joana. "High-carotenoid maize as feed and food component: mycotoxin contamination, thermal processing, bioavailability and poultry meat production." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405891.

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El panís HC (de l'anglès high-carotenoid) va ser modificat genèticament per acumular alts nivells de carotenoides, utilitzant com a base un panís blanc sud-africà (M37W). Durant tres collites consecutives (2013, 2014 i 2015), es van cultivar el panís HC i la seva línia isogènica (M37W) en un camp experimental a Lleida (Catalunya, nord-est d'Espanya). Fusarium spp. va infectar la majoria de grans de panís d'ambdós tipus, el que va originar que es donés contaminació per fumonisines en les dues varietats de panís en tots els anys d'estudi, tot i que la proporció de grans contaminats va ser substancialment més gran en el panís M37W. El panís collit cada any també va servir com a matèria primera per elaborar pinsos a base de panís i productes derivats del panís. Els pollastres alimentats amb la dieta HC van tenir paràmetres de productivitat i salut similars als pollastres alimentats amb les dietes M37W i comercial (amb pigments), i també van desenvolupar una pigmentació similar als pollastres alimentats amb la dieta comercial (amb pigments). Els carotenoides provitamina A del panís HC van ser biodisponibles, almenys en la mateixa mesura que en els additius sintètics i naturals, i van contribuir als nivells de retinol hepàtic en pollastres. La carn obtinguda a partir de pollastres alimentats amb la dieta HC va tenir una bona qualitat i vida útil sensorial, així com una pigmentació groga-ataronjada de llarga durada. Finalment, els purés elaborats amb panís HC han demostrat no només conservar el contingut inicial de carotenoides, sinó també augmentar-lo a causa de l'extracció de carotenoides de la matriu alimentària.
El maíz HC (del inglés high-carotenoid) fue modificado genéticamente para acumular altos niveles de carotenoides, utilizando como base un maíz blanco sudafricano (M37W). Durante tres cosechas consecutivas (2013, 2014 y 2015), se cultivó el maíz HC y su línea isogénica (M37W) en un campo experimental en Lleida (Cataluña, noreste de España). Fusarium spp. infectó la mayoría de granos de maíz de ambos tipos, lo que originó que se diera contaminación por fumonisinas en ambas variedades de maíz en todos los años de estudio, aunque la proporción de granos contaminados fue sustancialmente mayor en el maíz M37W. El maíz cosechado cada año también sirvió como materia prima para elaborar piensos a base de maíz y productos derivados del maíz. Los pollos alimentados con la dieta HC tuvieron parámetros de productividad y salud similares a los pollos alimentados con las dietas M37W y comercial (con pigmentos), y también desarrollaron una pigmentación similar a los pollos alimentados con la dieta comercial (con pigmentos). Los carotenoides provitamina A del maíz HC fueron biodisponibles, al menos en la misma medida que en los aditivos sintéticos y naturales, y contribuyeron a los niveles de retinol hepático en pollos. La carne obtenida de pollos alimentados con la dieta HC tuvo una buena calidad y vida útil sensorial, así como una pigmentación amarilla-anaranjada de larga duración. Por último, los purés elaborados con maíz HC han demostrado no sólo conservar el contenido inicial de carotenoides, sino también aumentarlo debido a la extracción de carotenoides de la matriz alimenticia.
High-carotenoid (HC) maize was genetically engineered to accumulate high levels of carotenoids, using as a basis a South African white maize (M37W). During three consecutive harvest seasons (2013, 2014 and 2015), HC maize and its near isogenic line (M37W) were cultivated in an experimental field in Lleida (Catalonia, Northeastern Spain). Fusarium spp. infected most maize kernels, subsequently, fumonisin contamination was found in both maize varieties in all the years of study, but the proportion of contaminated grains was substantially higher in the M37W maize. Maize grains harvested each year also served as raw material to elaborate maize-based feed and maize-derived products. Chickens fed on the HC diet had similar productivity and health parameters to those fed on the M37W and commercial (plus color additives) diets, and they also developed similar pigmentation to those fed on the commercial (plus color additives) diet. Provitamin A carotenoids from HC maize were bioavailable, at least to the same extent than in synthetic and natural additives, and contributed to liver retinol levels in chickens. Meat obtained from chickens fed on the HC diet had a good quality and sensory shelf life as well as a long-lasting golden pigmentation. Finally, HC maize-based porridges showed not only to preserve the initial carotenoid content, but also to enhance it due to the carotenoid extractability from the food matrix.

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Webster, Janet Brown. "Identification and characterization of a psychotrophic Clostridium sp. isolated from spoiled pasteurized crabmeat /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040239/.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Meat and meat products (Contamination)'

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