To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Meat and milk.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Meat and milk'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Meat and milk.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Haasmann, Stephan Otto. "Analytical characterization of camel meat and milk fat." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6961.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to characterize the fat composition of camel milk fat and camel hump fat and thereby assist in the technological development of camel milk and meat based products. The latter is of major interest in parts of Africa where the camel resides in large numbers. A combination of silver-ion and reversed phase HPLC enables the isolation of triglycerides according to their saturation class and carbon number. Subjection of the isolated triglycerides to enzymatic splitting with lipase and subsequent analysis of the free fatty acids generated enables a positional analysis of the main triglyceride components and thus a characterization of the fat. The analytical techniques employed may equally well be applied to other fats or oils to allow their characterization.
2
Elmquist, Helena. "Environmental systems analysis of arable, meat and milk production /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200512.pdf.
Full text
3
Sellers, Glen Lin Hui-Chu. "Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and lidocaine in serum and milk of mature Holstein cows." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/SELLERS_GLEN_19.pdf.
Full text
4
Adavalli, Sharat Chandra. "Extrusion and physicochemical properties of soy-whey protein meat analog." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6272.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 16, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
5
Cannavan, Andrew. "The development and application of liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry methods for the detection and control of veterinary drug residues." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301778.
Full text
6
Srđan, Stojanović. "KVALITET MESA I MLEKA PODOLSKOG GOVEČETA." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2013. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95433&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Prema postavljenom cilju istraživanja, ispitivani su kvalitet mesa i mlekapodolskog govečeta u Republici Srbiji.Ispitivanjem je ukupno bilo obuhvaćeno 23 grla, od kojih 12 krava i 11muških junadi na lokaciji u Bačkoj Topoli.Utvrđena prosečna telesna masa muške junadi podolske rase, koja sukorišćena u ovom istraživanju iznosila je 445,91 kg, sa prosečnim randmanomprimarne obrade od 53,64 %.4Masa glave bez rogova u proseku je bila 12,11 kg, a masa kože je iznosila39,27 kg. Prosečna masa unutrašnjih organa iznosila je: bubrezi sa lojem 4,02 kg,jetra 5,00 kg, srce 1,76 kg, pluća 4,88 kg i slezina 0,86 kg. Utvrđena je prosečnamasa leve polutke od 121,68 kg, a desne polutke od 120,71 kg.Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MLD u proseku subile: L*-svetloća 34,61, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,18, b*-udeo žute boje 6,54, kalokuvanja 44,30 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 5,52 (cm2). U proseku, sadržaj vodeje iznosio 75,43 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,57 %, sadržaj proteina 21,32 %,sadržaj ukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,90 %. Utvrđenavrednost sadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 1,43 %, dok je sadržajhidroksi prolina bio 0,05 %.Vrednosti kvalitativnih osobina koje su utvrđene kod MSM u proseku subile: L*-svetloća 35,41, udeo a*-crvene boje 20,84, b*-udeo žute boje 6,64, kalokuvanja 46,46 % i sposobnost vezivanja vode 7,30. U proseku, sadržaj vode jeiznosio 75,68 %, sadržaj suve materije 24,32 %, sadržaj proteina 21,02 %, sadržajukupnog pepela 1,09 %, a sadržaj slobodnih masti 1,82 %. Utvrđena vrednostsadržaja vezivnog tkiva u proseku je iznosila 0,47 %, dok je sadržaj hidroksiprolina bio 0,06 %.Ispitivanjem senzornih osobina kod MLD i MSM utvrđeno je sledeće:Intezitet boje MLD iznosio je 4,1, a MSM 4,0. Prosečna vrednost teksture MLDiznosila je 4,3, a MSM 4,1. Mramoriranost MLD u proseku je iznosila 4,0, a kodMSM 4,3. Utvrđena prosečna vrednost nežnosti MLD iznosila je 4,4, a kod MSM5,3. Sočnost kod MLD u proseku je iznosila 5,1, a kod MSM 4,7.Ispitivanjem osobina mlečnosti ustanovljeno je, da je prosečno trajanjelaktacije iznosilo 152 dana, prinos mleka u proseku je bio 988,00 kg, sadržajmlečne masti 4,24 %, a sadržaj proteina 3,99 %. Poređenjem osobina mlečnostiizmeđu prvotelki i starijih krava utvrđeno je, da je prosečno trajanje laktacije kodprvotelki iznosilo 148 dana, a kod starijih krava 156 dana, količina mleka kodprvotelki u laktaciji iznosila je 907 kg, a kod starijih krava 1.056 kg. Sadržajmlečne masti kod prvotelki iznosio je 4,23 %, a kod starijih krava 4,25 %, dok jesadržaj proteina u mleku kod prvotelki iznosio 3,94 %, a kod starijih krava 4,04 %.Prosečne vrednosti svih ispitivanih osobina mlečnosti između prvotelki istarijih krava nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale (p>0,05).<br>Towards the objectives of research, we examine the quality of meat and milkof Podolian cattle in the Republic of Serbia.The study included a total of 23 animals, of which 12 cows and 11 steers atthe location in Bačka Topola.Determined by the average body weight of steers the podolian breed, whichwere used in this study was 445,91 kg, with an average dressing percentage ofprimary treatment of 53,64 %.8The mass of the head without the horns, the average was 12,11 kg, a mass ofskin was 39,27 kg. The average weight of internal organs were: kidney with fat4,02 kg, liver 5,00 kg, heart 1,76 kg, lungs 4,88 kg, and spleen 0,86 kg. Determinethe average mass of the left carcass of 121,68 kg, and the right carcass of 120,71kg.The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were:L*-lightness 34,61, part of a*-red color 20,18, part of b*-yellow color 6,54,cooking loss 44,30 % and water holding 5,52. On average, the water content was75,43 %, total solids content of 24,57 %, protein content 21,32 %, ash content 1,09%, and free fat content of 1,90 %. The determined value of the connective tissueaveraged 1,43 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,05 %.The values of qualitative traits that were found in MLD on average were:L*-lightness 35,41, part of a*-red color 20,84, part of b*-yellow color 6,64,cooking loss 46,46 % and water holding 7,30. On average, the water content was75,68 %, total solids content of 24,32 %, protein content 21,02 %, ash content 1,09%, and free fat content of 1,82 %. The determined value of the connective tissueaveraged 0,47 %, while the hydroxy proline content was 0,06 %.By examining the sensory properties of the MLD and the MSM has shownthe following: Intensity of color MLD was 4,1 and 4,0 of MSM. The average valueof the texture MLD was 4,3 and 4,1 of MSM. Marbling MLD averaged 4,0 and 4,3for MSM. The determined average value of tenderness MLD was 4,4 and 5,3 forMSM. Juiciness of MLD averaged a 5,1 in MSM 4,7.The examination of milk traits were found that the average duration oflactation period was 152 days, milk yield on average was 988,00 kg, milk fatcontent 4,24 % and 3,99 % protein content. Comparison of milk production traitsbetween primiparas and older cows showed that the average duration of lactationin primiparas amounted to 148 days, and for older cows 156 days, the amount ofmilk in lactating primiparas was 907 kg, and for older cows 1.056 kg. Milk fatcontent at first calving was 4,23 % and 4,25 % of older cows, while milk proteincontent at first calving was 3,94 % and 4,04 % of older cows.The average values of all the traits of milk production between primiparasand older cows were not significant (p> 0.05).
7
Agboola, Hammed Abiodun. "The effects of a high monosodium phosphate and alpha tocopherol supplemented milk replacer diet on veal muscle color, composition and cholesterol content /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487326511714042.
Full text
8
Publicover, Harriet [Verfasser]. "Meat, Milk and Scripture : Early Rabbinic Interpretations of the Biblical Prohibition of a Forbidden Mixture / Harriet Publicover." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221130161/34.
Full text
9
Yeung, George Stuart. "The use of cow milk, meat and cereal to prevent iron depletion in infants from low-income households." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/NQ41351.pdf.
Full text
10
Mussa, Dinna Mathemi. "High pressure processing of milk and muscle foods : evaluation of process kinetics, safety and quality changes." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35473.
Full textAbstract:
High pressure (HP) kinetics of the microbial destruction and changes in the physicochemical characteristics of milk and pork were studied. Raw milk samples containing indigenous microflora of approximately 106 CFU/mL were heat sealed in dual peel sterilization pouches and subjected to HP treatment from 150--400 MPa with holding times ranging 5--120 min. The kinetic parameters (rate constant, k and decimal reduction time, D) for the microorganisms, alkaline phosphatase, color and viscosity were evaluated, based on first order kinetics and the pressure dependence of kinetic parameters was evaluated using pressure destruction time (PDT) and Arrhenius models. Kinetic data was well described by the first order model (R 2 > 0.90).<br>The application of pressure pulse was explored for pressure destruction of microorganisms as well as changes in physical-chemical characteristics of pork chops. Pork chops (2 days post-rigor) were subjected to HP treatment from 200--350 MPa for 0--120 min. Results showed that pressure changes of pork variables followed a dual effect consisting of an instantaneous pressure kill (IPK) with the application of pressure pulse (no holding) and a subsequent first order rate of destruction during the pressure hold time. The IPK values were pressure dependent and increased with pressure level. Parameters k and D indicated a higher rate of pressure destruction of microorganisms compared to quality attributes.<br>Kinetics of pressure destruction of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A were studied in relation to those of indigenous microorganism of milk and pork. The IPK was more pronounced with L. monocytogenes than with indigenous microflora. However, the kinetic parameters (k and D values) indicated a larger pressure resistance for L. monoctyogenes. HP processes were developed based on the standard plate count (SPC) kinetic data for indigenous microflora of milk as well as L. monocytogenes in milk and pork. The results showed that SPC kinetics permitted good estimation of microbial destruction in low pressure-lethality processes of milk and pork but its application at higher pressure-lethality levels were inaccurate. On the other hand, processes established based an destruction of L. monocytogenes were more predictable. Pressure pulse application to microbial lethality was also well predicted.<br>The shelf-life of milk and pork increased with the level of applied pressure lethality, but Q10 values suggested that low storage temperature was nevertheless required to control microbial growth and maintain quality. Storage of HP treated park offered some improvement in the texture but resulted in large color changes and drip losses. L. monocytogenes were not detected in any of the stored milk samples HP treated to achieve a lethality ≥10D.
11
Innawong, Bhundit. "Textural and Physical Properties of Fat-Free Turkey-Beef Frankfurters: Effects of Non-Meat Ingredients and End-Point Temperature." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36055.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of NaCl (1 and 2%), added-water (AW; 30 and 40%), milk protein hydrolysate (MPH; 1, 2 and 3%), and end-point cooking temperature (EPT; 71.1 and 76.7 C) were examined. Regardless of the formulation, all turkey-beef frankfurters contained less than 0.4% fat. As levels of NaCl in the formula increased, the frankfurters had lower (P< 0.05) penetration values (total energy and peak force) but higher shear stress and shear strain. In addition, higher salt levels resulted in lower cooking loss, moisture content, protein content, and darker frankfurters. Increasing AW level reduced (P<0.05) penetration values (total energy and peak force), shear stress, shear modulus, and hardness but increased cohesiveness. Higher levels of AW not only resulted in higher (P<0.05) moisture content but also resulted in higher cooking loss and purge loss. Higher AW products were lighter (P<0.05) in color and less red. Increasing the amount of MPH increased (P<0.05) shear stress and shear modulus but lowered shear strain. Higher MPH reduced cooking loss and produced (P<0.05) darker, more yellow, and less red frankfurters. Higher EPT increased (P<0.05) cooking loss, shear stress, and shear modulus but decreased penetration values (total energy and peak force), shear strain, and cohesiveness. Higher EPT produced lighter (P<0.05) colored frankfurters. There were some two and three-way independent variable interactions (P<0.05) for shear stress, shear strain, and cohesiveness. Of the four independent variables evaluated, AW and EPT most influenced textural properties. By using various combinations of these four independent variables, meat processors would have the ability to improve the quality characteristics of fat-free frankfurters.<br>Master of Science
12
Meeks, Martha C. "They lived on meat and milk : dairy and diet in Gaelic Scotland, fifteenth through eighteenth centuries, including a glossary of animal husbandry terms, Gaelic to English." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28616.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to identify and define how and what food was produced in the Western Islands and Highlands of Scotland, especially from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, and to test the hypothesis that the main dietary items were meat, milk and milk products in many areas of the Gaidhealtachd. This thesis examines the husbanding of animals that was critical to the Gael's livelihood. A dairy economy requires extensive skill with animals and knowledge of animal physiology and behaviour, as well as labour intensive skills for the manufacture of milk products. For many years before the 'improvers' came into the Scottish Highlands, a satisfactory living was obtained from utilising available resources from milk cows, beef and wild game such as deer, salmon, trout and upland game birds. These facts have been underplayed or neglected by many historians, largely because of linguistic difficulties and the scattered nature of the evidence. In order to address this situation and explain it, a scientific foundation has been established in the first two chapters. The third chapter looks at first hand accounts of travellers in the area and their observations regarding available food in a Highland society. It also touches upon certain political events that influenced changes in the daily regime of food production. Chapters four to fifteen provide linguistic analyses of the key word-families under such headings as 'The Milk Cow', 'Dairy Produce', 'Dairy Implements' etc. The sources for these chapters include a wide spectrum of Gaelic literary sources in the form of proverbs, songs, stories etc. This data is supplemented and controlled by data drawn from the principal Gaelic Dictionaries that have furnished animal husbandry words for a 1500 term Gaelic-English glossary which is included as an alphabetical listing within the body of the thesis. Fieldwork with native speakers from the Outer Isles, Skye and the mainland Gaidhealtachd has given a context for these terms, supplementing and complementing the contribution of Gaelic literature and lexicography.
13
Rodrigues, Gustavo Henrique. "Desempenho, características da carcaça, perfil de ácidos graxos e parâmetros ruminais de ovinos alimentados com rações contendo polpa cítrica úmida semi despectinada e/ou polpa cítrica desidratada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-13102009-153558/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho, o perfil de ácidos graxos e os parâmetros ruminais de ovinos alimentados com co-produtos da indústria citrícola em rações contendo alta proporção de concentrado. Adicionalmente, foram comparadas as estimativas de desempenho e de metabolismo obtidas nos experimentos com as preditas pelo modelo SRNS Small Ruminant Nutrition System No experimento I, 28 ovelhas foram alimentadas com ração composta por 55% de milho na matéria seca (MS), sendo o milho substituído em 33%, 67% e 100% pela polpa cítrica desidratada (PCD). Houve diminuição linear (P<0,02) no consumo de matéria seca (CMS) à medida que a PCD substituiu o milho, entretanto, não houve efeito na produção de leite. Não houve alteração dos componentes do leite, com exceção do teor de uréia que diminuiu linearmente (P<0,01). Em relação ao perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) no leite das ovelhas foi verificado aumento linear (P<0,05) de C15:0, C16:0, C17:1, C18:3, AG de cadeia média e saturados, e diminuição linear (P<0,05) de C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 t10,c12, AG monoinsaturados e de cadeia longa. Para o C18:2 c9,t11 houve aumento de 47% quando a PCD substituiu o milho em 33%. No experimento II, 32 cordeiros foram alimentados com ração contendo 90% de concentrado, sendo o milho substituído pela PCD em 33, 67 e 100%, respectivamente. A substituição total do milho pela PCD promoveu aumento (P<0,03) de 177% na concentração de C18:3, enquanto que a substituição parcial (33%) resultou em aumento (P<0,02) de 72% no C18:2 c9,t11. Adicionalmente, ocorreu diminuição linear (P=0,02) do extrato etéreo com a adição de PCD na ração. No experimento III, na avaliação de desempenho, 64 cordeiros foram alimentados com rações contendo 69,5% de PCD, sendo esta substituída em 30% na MS pela polpa cítrica úmida semi despectinada in natura (PCUD), ensilada (PCUDS) ou ensilada com adição de benzoato de sódio (PCUDS+B). Não houve diferença no CMS e no ganho médio diário (GMD). No entanto, a eficiência alimentar foi maior para os cordeiros alimentados com PCUD comparados àqueles recebendo ração contendo PCD. Na avaliação da digestibilidade e de parâmetros ruminais, 16 cordeiros, canulados no rúmen foram alimentados com rações contendo 75,3% de PCD, sendo esta substituída em 30% na MS pela PCUD, PCUDS ou PCUDS+B. Não houve diferença nos coeficientes de digestibilidade para MS, MO e PB, com exceção para o da FDN que foi maior (P<0,05) para a PCUD comparada à PCD. A concentração de amônia no fluido ruminal foi maior (P<0,01) para as rações contendo PCD comparada à PCUDS e PCUDS+B. No experimento IV, 24 cordeiros foram alimentados com rações contendo 70% de PCD na MS e tiveram a adição de 0; 0,3; 0,6 e 0,9% de monoamônio fosfato (MAP). Houve diminuição linear (P<0,01) no CMS e GMD com a inclusão de MAP na ração. No experimento V foi observada melhor predição de CMS para os cordeiros em relação às ovelhas.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, fatty acids (FA) profile and ruminal measures of sheep fed citrus coproducts in diets containing high concentrate. Additionally, the performance and metabolic estimates from SRNS model - Small Ruminant Nutrition System were compared to experimental data. In Experiment I, 28 ewes were fed diet containing 55% of corn. Dried citrus pulp (DCP) was added at 18.1, 36.8 and 55% (diet DM) replacing corn by 33, 67 and 100%, respectively. There was a linear decrease (P<0.02) in dry matter intake (DMI) with DCP inclusion, however, there was no effect on milk production. Milk composition, was not affected by DCP inclusion, except for urea that showed a linear (P<0.01) decrease. Milk FA increased linearly for C15:0, C16:0, C17:1, C18:3, medium-chain and saturated FA and decreased linearly for C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 t10,c12, monounsaturated and long-chain FA when DCP replaced corn. There was a 47% increase for C18:2 c9,t11 when DCP replaced corn by 33%. In Experiment II, 32 Santa Ines lambs were fed a 90% concentrate. DCP was added at 23.7, 46.1 and 68.4% (on a DM basis) replacing corn by 33, 67 and 100%, respectively. Total replacement of corn by DCP promoted an increase (P<0.03) by 177% in linolenic acid (C18:3) while a partial replacement showed an increase (P<0.02) by 72% in conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2 c9,t11). In addition, ether extract decrease (P=0.02) as DCP increased in the diet. In Experiment III, 64 lambs were fed diets containing 69.5% DCP. A portion (30%) of DCP on a DM basis was replaced by wet low pectin citrus pulp (WLPCP), wet low pectin citrus pulp silage (WLPCPS) or wet low pectin citrus pulp silage with sodium benzoate (WLPCPS+B). There were no differences in DMI and average daily gain (ADG). However, feed efficiency was greater for lambs fed WLPCP compared to lambs fed DCP. In the digestibility trial, 16 lambs, canulated in the rumen, were fed diets containing 75.3% DCP. A portion (30%) of the DCP was replaced by WLPCP, WLPCPS or WLPCPS+B. There was no difference (P>0.05) in dry matter, organic matter and crude protein apparent digestibilities, except for neutral detergent fiber digestibility (82.7 vs 73.3% for WLPCP and DCP, respectively). Additionally, ruminal ammonia concentration was higher (P<0.01) in diets containing DCP compared to WLPCPS and WLPCPS+B. In experiment IV, 24 Santa Ines lambs were fed diets containing 70% DCP and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) was added at 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% of the diet DM There was a linear decrease (P<0.01) in DMI and ADG. In experiment V DMI predictions were better estimated for lambs compared to DMI of ewes.
14
Duarte, Fernando Costa. "Cana-de-açúcar: do plantio à alimentação de bovinos." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5958.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:02:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
texto completo.pdf: 570530 bytes, checksum: 8400b62e735403a715eb80f817b99f67 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-12-18<br>Sugarcane is a high-yielding culture per area unit. For its maximum production, choice of a good variety, correct soil preparation, and nutrient content correction, either through organic or chemical methods must be observed. Good seedling establishment and weed control are also necessary. Sugarcane was shown to be sensitive to fertilizations, especially those with nitrogen potassium, responding positively to increase in the contents of these nutrients in soil. It also showed to be sensitive to the presence of weeds, since in their absence, its productivity increases significantly. The culture was also flexible towards planting and harvest times. As cattle feed, it can be offered in several ways: in natura, silage or chemically-treated (NaOH or CaO) to improve and preserve its characteristics. Its main sugar alcohol co-product, bagasse, can also be fed to cattle. However sugarcane presents low contents of raw protein and minerals as well as low digestibility of the fibrous fraction. These characteristics limit its use along time for low performance animals, probably as a consequence of their low voluntary consumption. More recent research shows that this reality has changed as, besides its quality improvement, sugarcane and its feeding management have been altered. In beef cattle, sugarcane has shown good results under feedlot performance, mainly in diets using high concentrate contents. In dairy cattle, sugarcane has met the requirement of animals with up to 30 kg/day of milk production. It must be emphasized that its greater utilization is by animals with a daily production around 20 kg, presenting advantageous results over corn silage. Several levels of urea inclusion in the diet have been tested in lactating cows and growing animals, both yielding favorable results.<br>A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de alto rendimento por unidade de área. Para sua máxima produção tem-se que observar a escolha de uma boa variedade, o correto preparo do solo, bem como a correção de seus teores de nutrientes, quer seja de forma orgânica ou química. Também é necessário um bom estabelecimento de suas mudas e o controle de plantas daninhas. A cana-de-açúcar se mostrou sensível a adubações, principalmente aquelas feitas com nitrogênio e potássio, respondendo positivamente ao aumento nos teores desses nutrientes no solo. Ela também se mostrou sensível à presença de plantas daninhas, pois estas estão ausências sua produtividade aumenta significativamente. A cultura também se mostra flexível quanto à época de plantio, bem como a de colheita, tendo apenas que respeitar suas peculiaridades. Como alimento para bovinos ela pode ser ofertada de diversas formas: in natura, na forma de silagem ou tratadas quimicamente (NaOH ou CaO), para melhorar e conservar suas características. Também pode ser fornecida para os bovinos o seu principal coproduto da indústria sucroalcooleira, o bagaço. Porém, a cana-de-açúcar apresenta baixos teores de proteína bruta, minerais e baixa digestibilidade da fração fibrosa. Estas características limitaram seu uso ao longo do tempo para animais de baixo desempenho, o que ocorreu provavelmente pelo seu baixo consumo voluntário. Em pesquisas mais recentes esta realidade tem mudado, pois, além da melhoria na sua qualidade a cana-de-açúcar e o seu manejo de oferta ao animal têm sido alterados. Em bovinos de corte a cana-de-açúcar tem mostrado bons resultados no desempenho em confinamento, principalmente em dietas usando-se altos teores de concentrado. Em bovinos de leite a cana-de-açúcar tem atendido a exigência de animais até de 30 kg/dia de produção de leite, devendo ser ressaltado que sua maior utilização está em animais com produção diária em torno de 20 kg, pois nestes animais têm apresentado resultados vantajosos em relação à silagem de milho. Também vários níveis de inclusão de ureia nas dietas vêm sendo testados, tanto em vacas em lactação, quanto em animais em crescimento, ambos com resultados favoráveis.
15
Silva, Elizabeth Marques da. "Não cozerás o cabrito no leite da sua mãe": uma análise teológica, cultural e nutricional." Faculdades EST, 2015. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=625.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo relacionado ao preceito bíblico Não cozerás o cabrito no leite de sua mãe, descrito em Êxodo 23.19; 34.26 e Deuteronômio 14.21, numa perspectiva teológica, cultural e nutricional. A pesquisa se orienta pelo padrão metodológico praticado pela Faculdade EST e pelos seus orientadores de pesquisa. O primeiro capítulo procura, sucintamente, situar o texto em seus contextos literários, submetendo-os a uma análise histórica, social, geográfica e literária. Ele se ocupa também com o estudo do texto através da sua tradução, análise literária e redacional. Apresenta opiniões a respeito da proibição, baseadas em estudos científicos e antropológicos de renomados teólogos. O segundo capítulo trata da origem, evolução, literatura e cultura judaica, procurando apresentar as leis dietéticas, além das orientações relacionadas à mistura de carne e leite, das técnicas de preparação de alimentos kasher/puros. E, por fim, o terceiro capítulo se reporta a estudos científicos relacionados à ciência da nutrição, com ênfase nos nutrientes da carne e do leite. Conceitua nutrição humana como ciência, relaciona religião e alimento, vivência e sobrevivência e normas alimentares. E conclui com resultados de pesquisas relacionadas à interação alimentar existente entre os nutrientes da carne e do leite.<br>This paper presents a study related to the Biblical precept You shall not boil a kid in its mothers milk. described in Exodus 23:19; 34:26 and in Deuteronomy 14:21 in a theological, cultural and nutritional perspective. The research is guided by a methodological pattern practiced by the Faculdades EST and by its research orientators. The first chapter succinctly seeks to situate the texts in their literary contexts submitting them to an historical, social, geographical and literary analysis. It also occupies itself with the study of the text through its translation, literary and redactional analysis. It presents opinions with respect to the prohibition, based on scientific and anthropological studies of renowned theologians. The second chapter deals with the Jewish origin, evolution, literature and culture, seeking to present the dietary laws, beyond the orientations regarding the mixture of meat and milk, the techniques of preparing kasher/pure foods. And, finally, the third chapter deals with the scientific studies related to the science of nutrition with emphasis on the nutrients of meat and milk. Human nutrition is conceived as science, relating religion and food, living and surviving and eating rules. And it concludes with results of research related to the food interaction that exists between the nutrients of meat and milk.
16
Carvalho, João Augusto Matos de. "Análise dos resultados obtidos pelo Plano Nacional de Controlo de Resíduos nos anos 2009 e 2010." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18318.
Full textAbstract:
O Plano Nacional de Controlo de Resíduos consiste num sistema de vigilância que visa analisar e pôr em evidência os riscos de resíduos nos géneros alimentícios de origem animal, esclarecer as razões da presença desses resíduos nos alimentos, responsabilizando todos os intervenientes da cadeia da produção.
Na primeira parte da presente dissertação são abordados os diplomas legais e entidades responsáveis pela execução do plano. De seguida são abordados os diferentes grupos de substâncias pesquisados. Por fim são expostos e analisados os resultados obtidos nos anos 2009 e 2010.
Observou-se um maior número de amostras colhidas em 2010, tendo-se registado no entanto um maior número de não conformidades no ano 2009, em grande parte devido à presença de coccidiostáticos em amostras de aves. Assim, observou-se 0,61% de determinações positivas em 2009 e 0,22% em 2010.
É também caracterizada a importância da execução do plano com intuito de garantir a segurança dos alimentos consumidos na União Europeia e, consequentemente, a promoção das trocas comerciais; Abstract:
The National Residue Control plan consists of a monitoring system which aims to analyse and highlight the risks of residues in food of animal origin, clarifying the reasons for the presence of these residues in foods, and attribute responsibility to all participants in the chain of production.
The legal instruments and institutions responsible for the implementation of the plan are examined in the first part of this dissertation. Then the different groups of substances surveyed are analysed. Finally, the results obtained in the years 2009 and 2010 are exposed and commented.
It was observed that there were a greater number of samples taken in the year 2010; however, most of the non-conformities were registered in 2009, mostly due to the presence of anticoccidials in poultry. Therefore, we noted the presence of 0,61% of positive determinations in 2009 and 0,22% in 2010.
It is also observed the importance of implementing the plan with the aim of ensuring the safety of food consumed in the European Union and thus promote commercial trades.
17
Soshnikova, Ksenia. "Podnikatelský záměr založení ekofarmy v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-164025.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this diploma thesis is to prepare a business plan of an organic farm in Czech Republic. Family business produces high quality agriculture products, as lamb meat, organic milk and other organic milk products. In addition a family company will operate accommodation and restaurant in the four star boarding house. Theoretical part is focused on the term entrepreneurship and justification of necessity for making business plan. Other chapters are devoted to sustainable development, eco-agro tourism and its interconnection to organic agriculture. The chapter about organic agriculture presents its principles and briefly deals with the history and legislation. Practical part includes business plan, which is based on the results of situation analysis. Business proposal of the organic farm is divided into general description of family business, marketing part and financial part.
18
Maia, Michelle de Oliveira. "Efeito da adição de diferentes fontes de óleo vegetal na dieta de ovinos sobre o desempenho, a composição e o perfil de ácidos graxos na carne e no leite." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-12092011-162017/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho, a composição e o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) do leite e da carne de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo óleo de canola, girassol ou mamona. Adicionalmente, foram realizados dois ensaios de metabolismo para avaliar o efeito das dietas sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e parâmetros ruminais. No Experimento I, 44 ovelhas com suas respectivas crias foram distribuídas em delineamento em blocos completos casualizados. Os animais foram alimentados com dietas compostas por 50% de volumoso, sendo uma dieta controle e as outras contendo 3% de óleo de canola, girassol ou mamona. A adição de óleo reduziu o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e aumentou o consumo de extrato etéreo. Não houve alteração na produção de leite e desempenho das crias. A adição de óleo de mamona aumentou o teor de gordura e sólidos totais do leite. A adição de óleos de canola e girassol reduziu as concentrações de AG de cadeia curta (AGCC), de cadeia média, saturados e o índice de aterogenicidade; e aumentou as concentrações de C18:0, C18:1-9, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA), C18:1 trans-11, AG de cadeia longa, AG monoinsaturados e AG insaturados totais. Estes óleos aumentaram ainda, a relação entre AG poliinsaturados:saturados (P:S) comparado à dieta controle. No experimento II, quatro ovinos canulados no rúmen, foram distribuídos em um delineamento em quadrado latino 4 x 4 para avaliar as dietas utilizadas no Experimento I. Não houve diferença no CMS e digestibilidade dos nutrientes. A adição de óleos aumentou os valores de pH ruminal e reduziu as concentrações de AGCC. No experimento III, foi analisado o desempenho de 36 cordeiros mestiços Dorper x Santa Inês alimentados com rações com 90% de concentrado e 3% de óleo de canola, girassol ou mamona. Não houve diferença no CMS, ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) e conversão alimentar, sendo a média das dietas de 957,7 g, 326,4 g e 3,0 kg MS/kg GMD, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, foi realizado um ensaio de metabolismo com quatro ovinos canulados no rúmen em um delineamento em quadrado latino 4 x 4. Não houve diferença (P>0,10) no CMS, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, balanço de nitrogênio e nos parâmetros ruminais, com exceção da amônia, que diminuiu com a adição de óleos. No experimento IV, foram avaliados: as características da carcaça, composição físicoquímica e perfil de AG do músculo Longissimus dorsi dos cordeiros do experimento III. A adição de óleo de mamona elevou o teor de extrato etéreo da carne. O óleo de girassol reduziu a concentração de C18:1 -9, e aumentou a concentração de C18:1 trans. A adição de óleo de mamona reduziu a concentração de C18:2 e a relação P:S na carne em comparação aos óleos de canola e girassol. A inclusão de óleos de canola e girassol reduziu a concentração de C16:0, aumentou a concentração de C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA) e C18:3 -6. O óleo de canola aumentou a concentração de C18:3 -3 e o óleo de girassol aumentou a relação 6:3 comparado ao óleo de mamona.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, milk composition, meat and milk fatty acid profile of ewes and lambs fed diets containing canola oil, sunflower oil or castor oil. Additionally, two metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effects of the diets on nutrient digestibility and ruminal measures. Experiment I: 44 Santa Inês ewes with lambs were allotted in a randomized complete block design and fed a control diet (no oil) containing 50% roughage or diets with the addition of 3% of canola oil, sunflower oil or castor oil. The addition of oil decreased DM intake and increased ether extract intake. However, there was no effect on milk production and lamb performance. The percentage of milk fat and milk total solids increased with castor oil. Diets with canola and sunflower oils decreased short chain fatty acids (FA), medium chain, saturated FA and atherogenicity index; and increased C18:0, C18:1-9, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA), C18:1 trans-11, long chain and monounsaturated FA. In addition, these diets increased polyunsaturated:saturated (PUFA:SFA) ratio compared to the control diet. Experiment II: Four ruminally cannulated ram lambs were assigned to a 4 x 4 Latin Square design to determine the effects of the diets used in Experiment I on intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal measures. There was no difference (P>0.10) on DM intake and nutrient digestibility. The oil addition increased pH values and decreased short chain FA. Experiment III: the objective was to evaluate the performance of 36 crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs fed diets with 90% concentrate hay with 3% canola oil, sunflower oil or castor oil. There was no difference on DM intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion, with average across diets of 957.7 g, 326.4 g and 3.0 kg DMI/kg ADG, respectively. These diets were also evaluated in four ruminally cannulated ram lambs in a 4x4 Latin Square design. There was no difference in DM intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and ruminal measures, with the exception for ammonia concentration that decreased with oil addition. In the Experiment IV were determine: carcass characteristics, Longissimus dorsi fatty acid profile and physical-chemical composition of the lambs used in Experiment III. The diet with castor oil increased meat ether extract. Sunflower diet decreased C18:1-9 and increased concentrations of C18:1 trans. Castor oil decreased the concentration of C18:2 and PUFA:SFA ratio compared to canola and sunflower oils. Canola and sunflower decreased the concentration of C16:0, increased the concentration of C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA) and C18:3 -6. Canola oil increased the concentration of C18:3 -3 and sunflower oil increased 6:3 ratio compared to castor oil.
19
Kimball, Karen Yeager Lain Brian. "Milk machines exploring the breastfeeding apparatus /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6088.
Full text
20
D'ALENCAR, Alessandra Santos. "Monitoria patológica e inquérito epidemiológico para avaliação da infecção por helmintos e coccídios em suínos de abatedouros da Região Metropolitana de Recife e Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5103.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-28T12:35:54Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Alessandra Santos Alencar.pdf: 4687289 bytes, checksum: 69f920d7a8dc062fcb65629d8888441f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T12:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Alessandra Santos Alencar.pdf: 4687289 bytes, checksum: 69f920d7a8dc062fcb65629d8888441f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-02-26<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Researchers and veterinarians who work in swine production in Brazil have a good idea of existing health problems, especially in your own area of expertise. Due to the short production cycle and the clinical or subclinical character in many of the diseases that affect pigs, there was the possibility of using the slaughterhouse as an important source of epidemiological data on the incidence and prevalence of disease in flocks, making the monitoring of animals in slaughter houses one of the most important sources of information to obtain data to assess the health situation of production systems for pigs with the aim of obtaining statistics on incidence or prevalence of limiting diseases affecting pigs. Thus, this work was developed to analyze the association between the frequency of infection with helminths and coccidia and property characteristics, and evaluate lesions in organs of pigs in slaughterhouses of the metropolitan area of Recife and of the (“Zona da Mata”) of Pernambuco, Brazil. The work was done in three slaughterhouses of the inspection system state, located in the metropolitan area of Recife and in the (“Zona da Mata”) of Pernambuco state, from July 2008 to May 2009. A total of 715 pigs were analyzed, from eight industrial farms and three of subsistence. The count of eggs / oocysts in the feces was calculated and larval culture for diagnosis of infection by gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples was performed. Inspection of the viscera for examination of lesions and collection of material for histopathological examination were carried out. A questionnaire was used to ascertain the situation of the farms. The positivity for helminths was 2.7%(12/447), predominantly Strongyloidea type eggs. The presence ofoocysts was detected in 6.5% (29/447),including Eimeria spp and Isospora suis. The gross lesions predominated in lung with 43.8% (313/715), followed by 4.7% (35/715) for liver and kidneys with 2.6% (19/715), with higher frequencies respectively for pneumonia, milk spots and hydronephrosis. Histopathologically, granulomatous pneumonia predominated; in the livers with milk spots it was observed sinusoidal congestion, granulomatous inflammatory foci, peri-granulomatous hepatitis, and eosinophilic infiltration in the interlobular spaces, and in kidney, chronic interstitial nephritis. There was a significant association (p <0.05) with the variables related to management of facilities, particularly sanitary aspects, both the rates of parasitism by helminths and coccidia as to the frequency of milk spots and lung lesions.<br>Os pesquisadores e veterinários que atuam na suinocultura brasileira possuem uma boa idéia dos problemas sanitários existentes, especialmente na sua própria região de atuação. Em função do curto ciclo de produção e do caráter clínico ou subclínico de muitas das enfermidades que acometem os suínos, a utilização do matadouro surgiu como importante fonte de dados epidemiológicos sobre a incidência e prevalência de doenças nos rebanhos, tornando-se a monitoria de animais em abatedouros uma das mais importantes fontes de informações para a obtenção de dados para avaliação da situação da saúde de sistemas de produção de suínos, com a finalidade de obter estatística sobre incidências ou prevalências de doenças limitantes que afetam os suínos. Desta forma, desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de analisar a associação entre a frequência de infecção por helmintos e coccídios e características das propriedades, e avaliar as lesões em órgãos de suínos em abatedouros da Região Metropolitana de Recife e Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco, Brazil. O trabalho foi realizado em três abatedouros inscritos no sistema de inspeção estadual, localizados na Região Metropolitana de Recife e Zona da Mata do estado Pernambuco, no período de julho de 2008 a maio de 2009. Analisaram-se 715 suínos, oriundos de oito granjas tecnificadas e três de subsistência. Realizou-se a contagem de ovos/oocistos nas fezes e coprocultura para diagnóstico da infecção por parasitos gastrintestinais em amostras fecais coletadas na linha de inspeção, além da inspeção das vísceras para verificação de lesões e coleta de material para exame histopatológico. Um questionário investigativo foi utilizado para conhecer a situaçãodas granjas. A positividade para helmintos foi de 2,7% (12/447), predominando ovos tipo Strongyloidea. A presença de coccídios foi detectada em 6,5% (29/447), incluindo Eimeria spp e Isospora suis. Dentre os achados macroscópicos predominaram as de pulmão com 43,8% (313/715), seguidas de 4,7% (35/715) para fígado e rins com 2,6% (19/715), com frequências respectivamente maiores para pneumonia, manchas leitosas e hidronefrose. Histologicamente, predominaram as pneumonias granulomatosas; nos fígados com manchas leitosas foram observados congestão sinusoidal, focos inflamatórios granulomatosos, perihepatite granulomatosa, e infiltração eosinofílica nos espaços interlobulares. Nos rins, nefrite intersticial crônica. Observou-se associação significativa (p < 0,05) com as variáveis relacionadas ao manejo das instalações, particularmente os aspectos higiênicos, tanto para as taxas de parasitismo por helmintos e coccídios quanto para a frequências de manchas leitosas e lesões pulmonares
21
Jensen, Rebekah Paige. "Plane of Energy Nutrition on Blood Metabolites, Milk Production and Lamb Growth in Friesian Sheep." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6857.
Full textAbstract:
Small ruminant species are utilized for their diverse products including meat, dairy products, and wool. Effective and humane management are essential to maintain high production rates and comfortable animals. To attain this objective, managers needs to have an extensive knowledge of husbandry techniques, understanding of physiological processes, and familiarity with nutritional requirements. We examined the effects of varying feed components on two different ruminal species. In Chapter 1, we conducted a study to evaluate"¯the effects"¯of a low metabolizable energy (LME) and high metabolizable energy (HME) diet on twenty-two Friesian/Lacuane"¯cross ewes and lamb nutritional status."¯Effects on milk production during early lactation stages"¯and the growth of the neonatal lambs were also investigated. We anticipate energy levels will have an effect on milk production and lamb growth. Our results indicate that ewes on the LME diet produced more milk with higher concentrations of fat though this group maintained lower body condition. We concluded that neither the HME nor the LME diet met the needs of the sheep due to the shift in nutrient partitioning towards milk production rather than allocating nutrients to maintaining both body condition and milk production. Limited energy requirements are further evidenced by the decline in back fat (BF) for both the HME and LME groups for the duration of the study. We determined the degradation parameters of grass hay supplemented with soybean meal (SBM) and the effects of SBM on compartment 1 (C1) ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in alpacas. Our findings show that the degradation rate was not different for dry matter (DM), but it was for crude protein (CP) (P<0.05). With this data it can be concluded that SBM can be a CP supplement when the diet is insufficient to improve microbial yield. It should be noted that care should be taken to avoid causing a protein-energy imbalance. The results of these two studies indicate shifts in nutrients availability and changes in feeding strategies can affect both the health of the animal and their subsequent offspring.
22
Vacas, Fernández Carlos. "Evolución del sector caprino en la Región de Murcia (1986-2000) y su caracterización productiva al final del milenio." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11020.
Full textAbstract:
La presente Memoria trata de estudiar la evolución del sector caprino de Murcia desde nuestro ingreso en la UE determinando en qué medida las ayudas percibidas han podido influir en el desarrollo del mismo, plateando los siguientes objetivos : Evolución censal. Estudio y evolución de los censos de ganado caprino en la Región de Murcia, tanto a nivel global como de forma pormenorizada, al estudiar dicha evolución en cada comarca.Evolución de las ganaderías. Se determinan las variaciones regionales y comarcales habidas en el número y tamaño de los rebaños. Su conocimiento contribuye a una valoración real de cómo evoluciona el Sector.Evolución de las producciones. Pretende estudiar las distintas producciones, especialmente las principales, leche y carne, cuantitativa y cualitativamente. Evolución que han sufrido, en función de las variaciones censales y tamaños de las ganaderías. Evolución de los tamaños del cabrito y producciones de leche y calidad.Caracterización de las explotaciones caprinas de la Región de Murcia, mediante un modelo de encuesta a los ganaderos, basada en los siguientes puntos : estructura de la explotación, manejo del rebaño, reproducción, selección, producción de cabritos, producción de leche, alimentación, mano de obra y sanidad.<br>This Report tries to study the evolution of the goat sector in the Region of Murcia since the incorporation of Spain in the EU determinating in what measures the received helps have affected the development of such sector and establishing the following goals:Census evolution: Study and evolution of the goat census in the Region of Murcia, either globally or specifically, studying such evolution in each region.Evolution of livestock farming .It is determined the different regional varieties in number and size of the flocks. Their knowledge helps to a real assessment of the sector evolution.Production evolution .It tries to study the different productions especially the main ones, milk and meat, both in a quantitative and qualitative way. Evolution that has been suffered by the census variations and size of livestock farming.Kid size evolution, milk production and quality. Portrayal of the goat exploitation in the Region of Murcia by means of an enquiry to livestock farmers which was based on the following points: structure of the exploitation, handling of the flock, reproduction, selection, kid production, production of milk, feeding, labour and sanitation.
23
Farrer, Thomas Jeffrey. "Positive Versus Negative Neuroimaging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome: A Meta-Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2571.
Full textAbstract:
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) can be broken into two categories; complicated and uncomplicated. These categories are based on structural imaging scans during the assessment of the injury. If abnormalities appear in the scan, we refer to it as complicated. The present research aims at determining whether there are differences in the neuropsychological deficits in the presences of positive neuroimaging as opposed to negative neuroimaging. This was accomplished with meta-analytic techniques. It was found that neuroimaging does not predict neuropsychological functioning in the chronic state of mTBI.
24
Nelson, Ryan Lance. "The State of the Research: Meta-Analysis and Conceptual Critique of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4033.
Full textAbstract:
Researchers studying the long-term cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have produced disparate results. Some studies have shown little to no long-term cognitive effects while others have shown that persistent cognitive sequelae continue to affect a subgroup of patients. Meta-analysis has been used to try to integrate these contrasting results to foster a coherent understanding of the cognitive outcomes following mTBI. However, previous meta-analyses of long-term cognitive sequelae have used studies from a period of mTBI research where methodological rigor has been called into question (Carroll, Cassidy, Holm, Kraus, & Coronado, 2004). Using studies from this period, meta-analysts found little to no effect for long-term cognitive sequelae after mTBI: g = 0.07, d = 0.12 (Binder, Rohling, & Larrabee, 1997), g = 0.11(Frencham, Fox, & Mayberry, 2005), and d = -0.07 (Rohling et al., 2011). The present meta-analysis was conducted to address problems with methodological rigor in the studies used in these previous meta-analyses and address differences in meta-analytic methodology (Pertab, James, & Bigler, 2009). Studies published between January 2003 and August 2010 were rated using the 4-tiered American Academy Neurology (AAN) guidelines for methodological rigor to ensure homogeneity and the methodological rigor of included studies. Seven studies were identified that met criteria for a rating of I or II and five met criteria for the lower ratings of III or IV. When studies of all ratings were combined, a significant effect of g = 0.45 was observed. When only studies rated I and II were combined, a significant effect of g = 0.52 was observed while a significant effect of g = 0.38 was observed when only studies rated III and IV were combined. These effect sizes for long-term cognitive sequelae are much larger than those found in previous meta-analyses. Based on these results, it is likely that methodological rigor and/or heterogeneity amongst included studies can impact meta-analytic effect sizes associated with long-term cognitive sequelae following mTBI. However, analyses did not show that more rigorous studies (i.e., those rated I or II) had significantly higher effect sizes than less rigorous studies (i.e., those rated III or IV), t(10) = .636, p = .845. This non-significant finding may be a result of the analysis being underpowered given the small k. Significant effects for neuropsychological domain were also observed and are reported. Additionally, a conceptual critique of mTBI is made with recommendations for future development of the rating system that Cappa, Conger, and Conger (2011) have put forth for objectively rating the methodological rigor of neuropsychological studies. Concerns are addressed related to the mTBI literature in the areas of mTBI definition, definition of cognitive impairment, problems with the constructs of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) and persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS), heterogeneity of outcome measurement, and unaccounted for variables.
25
Arango, Munoz Paty. "Stripper Modification of a Standard MEA Process for Heat Integration with a Pulp Mill." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289162.
Full textAbstract:
De 20 största massabruken i Sverige släpper tillsammans ut ungefär 20 miljoner ton CO2 per år. Dessa utsläpp har biogent ursprung och anses därför vara klimatneutrala. Massa- och pappersindustrin är därmed en lämplig kandidat för implementeringen av BECCS (eng. Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) och har en betydande potential att nå de, av den svenska regeringen, uppsatta klimatmålen som säger att Sverige inte ska några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären senast år 2045. I detta examensarbete simulerades kemiska absorptions- och desorptionsprocesser med MEA som lösningsmedel genom att tillämpa den hastighetsbaserade metoden i en rigorös modell i Aspen Plus. Stripper- och absorptionsmodellerna validerades innan standardprocessen modifierades till en konfiguration som möjliggör värmeintegration av koldioxidinfångningens överskottsvärme med, exempelvis, ett sulfatmassabruk. Avskiljningsgraden och laddning hos den mättade lösningen användes som prestandaindikatorer för att validera absorptionskolonnerna. Återkokarens energiåtgång och laddning hos den omättade lösningen användes somprestandaindikatorer för att validera stripperkolonnerna. Samtliga kolonner dimensionerades för att erhålla 90 vikt% avskiljningsgrad. Olika flödeshastigheter av lösningsmedlet testades för att säkerställa effektivt nyttjande av packningen i absorptions- och stripperkolonnerna. Lämpliga temperaturnivåer för värmeintegration, inom och utanför, koldioxidinfångningen erhölls genom att utvärdera olika varianter av en stripper-overhead-kompression konfiguration. Utvärderingen av den modifierade MEA processen tog hänsyn till potentialen för ångbesparing och energieffektivisering. Resultat från simuleringarna tyder på att den modifierade strippern skulle kunna ge besparingar på upp emot 11 % i ånganvändning. Energibesparingar i samma storleksordning kunde även erhållas genom värmeintegration mellan koldioxidinfångningen och en särskild process i ett referensbruk. Implementering av BECCS-konceptet på det här sättet skulle därmed kunna bli ett mer attraktivt alternativ för den svenska massa- och pappersindustrin att bekämpa klimatförändringarna.<br>The 20 largest pulp mills in Sweden emit around 20 million tonnes of CO2 per year. These emissions are considered carbon-neutral since they originate from biogenic sources. The pulp and paper industry is therefore a good candidate for the application of BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) and has the potential to play a significant role for reaching the long-term mitigation target set by the Swedish government that Sweden should be climate-neutral by year 2045. In this thesis, a MEA-based chemical absorption and desorption process was rigorously modelled in Aspen Plus using the rate-based method. Validation of the absorber and stripper model was conducted before the standard process was modified to a configuration that enables heat integration of a significant amount of excess heat from the capture process in, for example, a Kraft pulp mill. CO2 removal rate and rich solvent loading were used as performance indicators to validate the absorber columns. The reboiler duty and lean solvent loading served as performance indicators in the stripper validation. The columns were dimensioned considering 90 wt% capture rate. Efficient use of the entire packing in the absorber and stripper columns was ensured by testing different solvent flow rates. Suitable temperature levels for heat integration, within and across the capture plant, were obtained through an assessment of different versions of a stripper overhead compression configuration. The evaluation of the modified MEA processes took into account the steam conservation potential and energy efficiency potential. The simulation results indicate that the modified stripper may lead to savings of up to 11% in steam consumption. Heat integration between the capture plant and a specific process in a reference Kraft pulp mill resulted in energy savings of the same order of magnitude. Thereby, making the BECCS concept a more attractive solution for the Swedish pulp and paper industry to mitigate climate change.
26
Kim, Miyang. "An Analytical Study of Mily Alekseyevich Balakirev's Musical Style in his Early Piano and Orchestra Works: Grande Fantaisie on Russian Folk Songs and Concerto Op.1 in F# Minor." Thesis, Lecture recital, recorded Nov. 6, 2006, in digital collections. Access restricted to the University of North Texas campus. connect to online resource, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3656.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2007.<br>System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 4 recitals, recorded Nov. 9, 1998, Nov. 15, 1999, Jan. 27, 2003, and Nov. 6, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-31).
27
Batool, Noshaba. "Going the extra mile : what does it mean for the male and female university teachers of Pakistan?" Thesis, Middlesex University, 2014. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13768/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the subjective perceptions of the job activities of the university teachers with an aim to understand and differentiate between what is regarded as in-role tasks (i.e. prescribed or mandatory job behaviours) and what is regarded as extra-role tasks or Organizational citizenship behaviours OCB (Organ, 1988). In the recent past, OCB has gained a wide academic and organizational interest. With an emerging role of OCB in helping organizations to achieve various objectives, many researchers have focused on understanding the relationship of OCB with different determinants and consequences. However, most of the OCB-research has been confined to the causal studies aiming to relate OCB with various other factors following the positivist approach and quantitative methodologies. Moreover, being originated in commercial work settings, OCB remains under-researched in the academics. Furthermore, OCB has been problematized by the researchers for ignoring the gender-perspective in the formulation of OCB concept (e.g. Kidder, 2002; Kark & Waismel-Manor, 2005). The current study uses a qualitative lens to explore the meaning attached to extra-role job behaviours and their implications for male and female university teachers. The study includes the unheard voices of university teachers of Pakistan to understand the contextual and structural conditions under which these perceptions of in-role and extra-role job behaviours are developed. Thematic analysis was performed on the data obtained from 40 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with university teachers from the public and private sector universities of Pakistan. Drawing on the positioning theory (Harré & van Langenhove, 1999) and professional identity paradigm (Lasky, 2005), the findings suggest that the personal choices, social expectations and cultural values underpin the way in which university teachers develop their perceptions of OCB and other job behaviours. Moreover, there is a large difference in the perceptions of these participants on regarding their job behaviours as in-role or as extra-role job behaviours. Based on their perceptions, the study proposes three general domains for which university teachers perform OCBs. These domains include OCB towards students, colleagues, and department or university. Findings also indicate that there is a remarkable difference in the perceptions and performance of extra-role job behaviours by male and female university teachers, where the types of OCBs performed by female university teachers are helping in nature and mostly aimed at students, whereas the male university teachers perform OCB which are targeted at the department or the universities. Finally, the thesis offers theoretical and applied contributions in the field of OCB-research suggesting a few avenues for future research. Theoretically the current study has contributed by introducing the voices of a completely unheard segment i.e. academics from Pakistan. It highlights the need for examining OCB through a qualitative study to appreciate the unique context in which the accounts of participants are developed. The study also suggests the use of professional identity paradigm and positioning theory to examine the context in which university teachers develop their perceptions of in-role and extra-role job behaviours. Moreover, the study problematizes the concept of OCB being gender-neutral, offering the gender-based analysis of accounts obtained from the male and female university teachers.
28
Borucki, Castro Sylvia Irene. "The effect of treatment of soybean meal on the availability of amino acids and the efficiency of nitrogen usage for milk production in dairy cows /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102961.
Full textAbstract:
In the first of three experiments, four Holstein multiparous dairy cows, equipped with ruminal and duodenal cannulas, were used to determine the impact of different methods of treating soybean meal (SBM) on ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of CP and amino acids (AA). Solvent extracted SBM (SE), expeller SBM (EP), lignosulfonate SBM (LS) and heat and soy hulls SBM (HS) were incubated in the rumen, in nylon bags, for various intervals up to 48h. Additional samples incubated for 16 h were pre-treated with pepsin HCI, and then used for determination of intestinal digestibility either in situ (mobile bag technique) or in vitro. Treatment of SBM (EP, LS, HS) increased rumen undegradable protein (RUP), and AA availability in 30%. Estimates of intestinal digestibility of AA and CP were lower when measured in vitro than in situ. Among the treated SBM products, four EAA (Ile, Leu, Phe and Val) showed differences in availability, with values consistently lower for HS than for LS. The second experiment involved a comparative assessment of the availability of lysine in SE and rumen protected SBM products (EP and LS). Lysine availability was assessed either by the increment in plasma flux of 15N lysine, the increment in intestinally digestible lysine (using chromic oxide as a digesta marker) or by the use of a "plasma lysine response curve" designed to predict intestinally available lysine. The plasma Lys flux was not different between the different SBM products. However, SE + 70 g.d-1 omasal infusion of Lys (SE70) increased Lys flux by exactly 70 g.d -1 above the SE treatment. No differences were observed on duodenal Lys flow, post-ruminal digestion and digestible Lys between the SBM diets (SE, EP, LS). Irrespective of the method of assessment, lysine availability was not altered by the method of treating SBM. The third study evaluated the relative impact of supplying rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) versus altering the carbohydrate source on milk yield and efficiency N usage for milk production. Protein supplementation (SE and EP) increased DMI, whereas the inclusion of beet pulp (BP) replacing 50% of high moisture shelled corn decreased DMI. The results of this research suggest that, under normal conditions of feeding, supplying rumen protected SBM to enhance the supply of intestinally available essential AA does not improve lactation performance; providing beet pulp as a source of readily fermentable fibre also failed to affect milk yield or efficiency of N usage for milk production by dairy cattle.
29
Alessio, Dileta Regina Moro. "Estudo meta-analítico e análise de banco de dados do teor de lactose no leite bovino." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/890.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
PGCA13MA110.pdf: 986428 bytes, checksum: 369a35449aa7d085ce6afbd684aee9bc (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-07-16<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Lactose content in milk require extensive studies, mainly in Brazilian conditions, in wich herds are still situations of nutritional imbalance, problems of energy deficiency and underfeeding, as wel as intramammary infections. The objective was to evaluate the factors influencing the variation of lactose in test day cow s milk and bulk tank milk data, through the use of multivariate analysis. The data control of 37 herds in the state of Santa Catarina were provides by Santa Catarina Association of Cattle Breeder (ACCB), totaling 46242 monthly controls of Holtein (58.5%) and Jersey (41.5%) from 2009 to 2012. Data grom monthly samples of milk tanks in the period 2009-2011 were provide by the Milk Quality Laboratory of the University of Contestado / CIDASC totaling 427138 samples. It was conducted a survey on the national scientific articles of public domain, that relates the dairy cows diet and milk composition, published between 2000 and 2012. The search of the sciencitif articles was performed on the Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), in Journal Portal of CAPES and directly in the mayor journals of Agrocultural Sciences. The scientific articles were selected over the resume that needed to have to be tabulated: the lactose s content, milk composition, chemical analysis of diet and animal performance, being 36 articles contain 141 treatments. The records were evaluated by multi variate analysis using multiple correspondence analysis, factorial and cluster analysis. The database showing that ILow lactose was related to high somatic cell counts (SCS), evaluated breeds, as well as the milk yield and fat protein content were not associated with the lactose. Cluster analysis revealed one group of data both breeds, with low lactose, and high SCS, stage of lactation and parity, with contrasting groups with values characteristic from Holstein and Jersey breeds, respectively. As in the database analysis, meta-analysis has also demonstrated that the lactose content is not related to total content of fat and protein in milk, there are, however, small relation with milk production. The lactose content were related to food intake, as well as the levels of total digestible nutrients, non-fibrous carbohydrate, crude protein in the diet, having no relation with the content of neutral detergent fiber in diet. It is concluded that low levels of lactose are related to the high SCS, advanced stage of lactation and higher number of lactations. Nutritional factors affecting more pronounced lactose content are the dry matter intake, the energy value of the diet (TDN content) and the content of non-fiber carbohydrates and crude protein<br>Os teores de lactose no leite necessitam de estudos aprofundados, principalmente em condições brasileiras, nas quais os rebanhos ainda vivem situações de desequilíbrio nutricional, por problemas de deficiência energética e subnutrição, bem como problemas de sanidade da glândula mamária. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os fatores que influenciam a variação de lactose do leite bovino em rebanhos sobre controle leiteiro e dados de tanque de expansão e determinar os fatores nutricionais que interferem no teor de lactose do leite produzido em condições brasileiras por meio da meta-análise de dados da literatura nacional, empregando análise multivariada. Os dados de controle leiteiro de 73 rebanhos do estado de Santa Catarina foram disponibilizados pela Associação Catarinense de Criadores de Bovinos (ACCB), totalizando 46242 controles mensais de vacas das raças Holandês (58,5%) e Jersey (41,5%) no período de 2009 a 2012. Dados de amostras mensais de tanques de resfriamento de leite no período de 2009 a 2011 foram disponibilizados pelo Laboratório de Qualidade de Leite da Universidade do Contestado/CIDASC, totalizando 427138 amostras. Foi realizado um levantamento dos trabalhos científicos nacionais de domínio público envolvendo a alimentação de vacas leiteiras e a composição do leite, publicados no período 2000 a 2012. Após seleção dos trabalhos, a base ficou composta por 36 trabalhos com 141 tratamentos. Os dados foram avaliados através de análise multivariada, utilizando análise de correspondência múltipla, fatorial e de agrupamento. As análises dos bancos de dados revelaram que baixos teores de lactose apresentaram relação com elevada contagem de células somáticas, em vacas com estágio de lactação avançado e elevada ordem de parto. As raças avaliadas, bem como a
8
produção e concentrações de gordura e proteína no leite não apresentaram relação com o teor de lactose. A análise de agrupamento revelou um grupo formado por dados de controles leiteiros de ambas as raças, com baixo teor de lactose, escore de células somáticas (ECS), estágio de lactação e número de partos mais elevados, contrastando com dois grupos com valores médios característicos das raças Holandês e Jersey, respectivamente. Assim como nas análises de banco de dados, a meta-análise também demonstrou que o teor de lactose não apresenta relação com os teores de gordura e proteína do leite, havendo, entretanto, menor relação com a produção de leite. O teor de lactose apresentou relação com o consumo de matéria seca, com os teores de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) e teor de proteína da dieta, assim como relação negativa com o teor de fibra em detergente neutro da dieta. Conclui-se que baixos teores de lactose estão relacionados à elevada contagem de células somáticas, estágio de lactação avançado e vacas com maior número de lactações. Os fatores nutricionais que afetam mais pronunciadamente o teor de lactose são o consumo de matéria seca, o valor energético da dieta (teor de NDT) e os teores de carboidratos não fibrosos e proteína bruta
30
MELLO, Raquel Rodrigues Costa. "An?lise multivariada de caracter?sticas reprodutivas em f?meas e avalia??o da produ??o in vitro de embri?es na ra?a Sindi (Bos indicus)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1346.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-26T17:13:33Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2016 - Raquel Rodrigues Costa Mello.pdf: 1199112 bytes, checksum: bcda4e1218e0674de384583a345b56eb (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-26T17:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2016 - Raquel Rodrigues Costa Mello.pdf: 1199112 bytes, checksum: bcda4e1218e0674de384583a345b56eb (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-01-29<br>CAPES<br>The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to generate different productive groups in Sindhi breed through multivariate techniques, in order to give directions to genetic improvement programs in this breed. For this goal, performance data provided by the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders related to 560 Sindhi breed females from 28 different herds in Brazil, born in the period from 1987 to 2011, were used. The traits age at first calving, calving interval, reproductive efficiency, total milk yield and lactation period were analyzed, being submitted to the principal components and cluster analysis, with the aid of GENES? statistical program. By the principal components analysis, these five components were estimated, and the first three explained 90.79% of the data?s total variation. The traits considered most relevant to the discrimination of the data set, in decreasing order of importance, were: calving interval, lactation period, age at first calving, total milk yield, and reproductive efficiency. By cluster analysis, twelve different groups were generated from the pool of Sindhi herds analyzed, with a great homogeneity among females for the traits evaluated, and only few females generating separate groups. Four hundred and twenty-nine females were clustered in one group, representing 76.60% of the genotypes. This indicates that, although there are genotypes with large genetic diversity, more than two thirds of the animals are similar to the traits evaluated, showing a high degree of relationship between them. The traits for total milk yield showed 71.92% of the total variation, and age at first calving contributed with 23.06% of the variation, being the two most important traits for the variability of the data. Thus, there is evidence of divergence between the groups regarding total milk yield, indicating that this trait stands out in the differentiation of groups, and these groups could be benchmarks for the use of genetic improvement programs whose focus is the increase in milk yield. In conclusion, the multivariate procedures were effective to summarize the evaluated information and to discriminate the most important traits, providing better identification of the most appropriate females to certain herds or milk production systems. The analysis of the relative contribution was effective in identifying total milk yield and age at first calving as the most relevant traits for the differentiation of groups, and they can be useful targets for genetic improvement programs that focus on milk yield and reproductive precocity.<br>O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a possibilidade de forma??o de diferentes grupos produtivos na ra?a Sindi por meio de t?cnicas multivariadas, a fim de se direcionar as a??es nos programas de melhoramento gen?tico nesta ra?a. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de desempenho fornecidos pela Associa??o Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu (ABCZ) referentes a 560 f?meas da ra?a Sindi procedentes de 28 rebanhos dos diferentes estados do Brasil, nascidas entre 1987 a 2011. Desse modo, foram analisadas as caracter?sticas idade ao primeiro parto, intervalo de partos, efici?ncia reprodutiva, produ??o de leite e dura??o da lacta??o, sendo submetidas ?s an?lises dos componentes principais e de agrupamento com o aux?lio do programa estat?stico GENES?. Pela an?lise dos componentes principais, foram estimados cinco componentes, dos quais os tr?s primeiros explicaram 90,79% da varia??o total dos dados. O primeiro componente explicou 37,18%, o segundo 33,63% e o terceiro 19,97% da vari?ncia total, sendo que esta an?lise possibilitou a discrimina??o das caracter?sticas mais importantes e menos importantes para a varia??o total no conjunto dos dados. As caracter?sticas consideradas mais relevantes para a caracteriza??o do conjunto de dados, em ordem decrescente de import?ncia, foram intervalo de partos, dura??o da lacta??o, idade ao primeiro parto, produ??o total de leite e efici?ncia reprodutiva. Pela an?lise de agrupamentos, observou-se a forma??o de doze diferentes grupos no rebanho Sindi estudado, com uma grande homogeneidade entre os animais para as caracter?sticas avaliadas, com alguns poucos animais formando grupos distintos. Houve a forma??o de um grupo com 429 f?meas, ou seja, 76,60% dos gen?tipos, o que indica que, embora haja gen?tipos com grande diverg?ncia gen?tica entre si, mais da metade ? similar para as caracter?sticas avaliadas, evidenciando um grau estreito de rela??o entre elas. Al?m disso, foi poss?vel observar as caracter?sticas produ??o total de leite, com 71,92% da varia??o total, e idade ao primeiro parto, com 23,06% da varia??o total, como as mais importantes para a variabilidade dos dados. As caracter?sticas com menor variabilidade e, portanto, consideradas menos importantes foram intervalo de partos, dura??o da lacta??o e efici?ncia reprodutiva, com 4,37; 0,61 e 0,02% da varia??o total, respectivamente. Assim, evidenciou-se o distanciamento entre os grupos para as diferentes m?dias de produ??o total de leite, indicando que tal caracter?stica se destaca na diferencia??o dos grupos e que tais grupos poderiam ser referenciais para utiliza??o em programas de melhoramento gen?tico, cujo enfoque seja a obten??o de maiores produ??es de leite. Portanto, conclui-se que os procedimentos multivariados foram eficientes para resumir as informa??es avaliadas e discriminar as caracter?sticas mais importantes, promovendo maior facilidade na identifica??o das f?meas mais adequadas para determinados rebanhos ou sistemas de produ??o de leite. A an?lise da contribui??o relativa das vari?veis foi efetiva na identifica??o das caracter?sticas produ??o total de leite e idade ao primeiro parto como mais relevantes para a diferencia??o dos grupos formados, sendo ?teis para o direcionamento em programas de melhoramento gen?tico cujo enfoque seja maior produ??o de leite e precocidade sexual.
31
van, Limbeek Catherine A. H., and n/a. "WHAT ADAPTATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS DO REGULAR CLASSROOM TEACHERS REPORT MAKING TO THEIR PROGRAMS AND PRACTICES IN ORDER TO MEET THE NEEDS OF STUDENTS WITH MILD DISABILITIES AND LEARNING DIFFICULTIES?" University of Canberra. n/a, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081216.113453.
Full textAbstract:
Integration has been the policy of the New South Wales Department of Education and
Training since 1981. Regular classroom teachers are responsible for implementing this policy
at the classroom level. In order to achieve this, teachers need to make informed decisions
about aspects of the class program and practice that may need to be adapted or modified to
provide opportunities for integrated students to participate meaningfully in regular classroom
environments.
The purpose of this study is twofold: to extend research into adaptations made by New South
Wales teachers under a policy of integration by surveying teachers' perceptions on various
adaptations/modifications and to explore factors related to teachers? implementation of these
adaptations/modifications to programs and practices for students with mild disabilities and/or
learning difficulties. Researchers have studied integration (variously named and interpreted)
since the eighties and the current research is based on a body of research conducted over the
last twenty-five years. The current research identified the frequency of different types of
adaptations/modifications used by regular classroom teachers. An attempt is made to identify
various barriers and isolate particular factors that may influence the use of these
adaptations/modifications in regular classrooms.
Results indicated that teachers reported using different adaptations and modifications to
varying degrees. Teachers indicated that they held a preference for adaptations and
modifications that could easily be implemented for all students in the class. Teachers reported
that barriers such as: 'Lack of preparation and planning time'; 'Demands on instruction time';
and 'Inadequate staff ratios' have the greatest affect on their implementation of adaptations
and modifications. The level of qualifications held by the teachers was the only factor that
had a significant correspondence to the frequency of adaptations and modifications
implemented for students with mild disabilities and learning difficulties. Further research is
recommended to investigate across a larger area of population, the type and level of
disabilities experienced by the students and the influence of teachers? choice on frequency of
adaptations and modifications.
32
van, Limbeek Catherine A. H. "What adaptations and modifications do regular classroom teachers report making to their programs and practices in order to meet the needs of students with mild disabilities and learning difficulties? /." Canberra, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20081216.113453/index.html.
Full text
33
Finkelstein, Melissa. "The scrum-down on brain damage effects of cumulative mild head injury in rugby: a comparison of group mean scores between national rugby players and non-contact sport controls." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002485.
Full textAbstract:
The present study comprises the second phase of a larger and ongoing research study investigating the brain damage effects of cumulative mild head injury in rugby. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cumulative mild head injury sustained in the game of rugby would cause brain injury as evidenced by impaired performance on sensitive neuropsychological tests. Participants were Springbok professional rugby players (n = 26), Under 21 rugby players (n = 19), and a non-contact sport control of national hockey players (n = 21). Comparisons of performance were carried out across a spectrum of neuropsychological tests for the three rugby groups (Total Rugby, Springbok Rugby, and Under 21 Rugby) versus the performance of the non-contact sport control group (Hockey Control), as well as comparisons of performance f9r the subgroups of Rugby Forwards versus Rugby Backs. Comparisons revealed a consistent pattern of poorer performance across all rugby groups relative to the performance of the controls on tests highly sensitive to the effects of diffuse brain damage. Within rugby group comparisons (Forwards versus Backs) showed significantly poorer performance for Total Rugby Forwards and Springbok Rugby Forwards relative to the performance of the respective Total Rugby Backs and Springbok Rugby Backs on sensitive, as well as on somewhat less sensitive, neuropsychological tests. The performance of Under 21 Rugby Forwards relative to Under 21 Rugby Backs demonstrated similar trends. Brain reserve capacity theory was used as a conceptual basis for discussing the implications of these findings.
34
Carareto, Rafaela. "Uso de uréia de liberação lenta para vacas alimentadas com silagem de milho ou pastagens de capim Elefante manejadas com intervalos fixos ou variáveis de desfolhas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-10032008-180721/.
Full textAbstract:
Foram conduzidos 2 estudos com vacas leiteiras no Departamento de Zootecnia da ESALQ/USP com os objetivos de avaliar a utilização de fonte de uréia de liberação lenta (Optigen ®) e ID (intervalos de desfolhas) fixos ou variáveis em pastagens de capim Elefante. No Experimento 1, foram utilizadas 32 vacas no terço médio de lactação, produzindo 20,8 kg leite dia-1 e pesando 524 kg no início do período experimental. O tratamento controle (C) continha apenas farelo de algodão como suplemento protéico. No tratamento U30, 30 % da PB do farelo de algodão foi substituída por uréia. No tratamento O30, 30% da PB do farelo de algodão foi substituída pela uréia de liberação lenta e no tratamento O60, 60% da PB do farelo de algodão foi substituída pela uréia de liberação lenta. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o quadrado latino 4 x 4 com 8 repetições e as variáveis foram analisadas utilizando o PROC MIXED (SAS). A produção de leite não diferiu (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos C (20,2 kg dia-1), O30 (19,8 kg dia-1) e U30 (19,5 kg dia-1). No tratamento O60 a produção de leite foi reduzida (19,0 kg dia-1) em comparação aos tratamentos C e O30 (P<0,05) e U30 (P<0,06). Não houve diferenças (P>0,05) nos teores de gordura, proteína, lactose, sólidos totais e contagem de células somáticas entre os tratamentos. A concentração de uréia no leite (NUL) foi menor (P<0,05) no tratamento U30 (7,2 mg dL-1) em relação aos tratamentos O30 (9,3 mg dL-1), C (9,1 mg dL-1) e O60 (8,9 mg dL- 1). No Experimento 2 foram utilizadas 32 vacas no terço médio de lactação, produzindo 15 kg de leite dia-1, pesando 466 kg. A área experimental foi composta por 56 piquetes de Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon, com 0,1 ha cada um. Os tratamentos corresponderam a duas estratégias de ID dos pastos de capim Elefante (ID fixos de 27 dias ou ID variáveis determinados pela altura do dossel de 1,0 m) e dois concentrados isoprotéicos com diferentes fontes de N (farelo de algodão e uréia de liberação lenta). Foi adotado o delineamento experimental em blocos aleatorizados e as variáveis foram analisadas utilizando o PROC MIXED (SAS). Não houve efeito (P>0,05) de fonte de N sobre os parâmetros avaliados. Houve diferença estatística (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos com ID fixos de 27 dias e os com ID variáveis para as alturas das pastagens no pré-pastejo (1,20 X 1,03 metros), no pós-pastejo (0,47 e 0,41 metros), nas massas de forragem pré-pastejo (6642 e 6209 kg MS ha-1), pós-pastejo (3666 e 3277 kg MS ha-1) e nas densidades volumétricas (55,04 e 60,06 kg MS ha-1 cm-1) para os tratamentos com ID fixos ou variáveis respectivamente. A produção de leite foi maior para os animais dos tratamentos com ID variáveis (12,59 e 12,06 kg leite dia -1) em relação aos tratamentos com ID fixos de 27 dias (10,94 e 10,66 kg leite dia -1). Os componentes do leite e taxas de ganho diário de peso não foram alterados com os tratamentos (P>0,05).<br>Two studies were conducted with lactating dairy cows at the Animal Sciences Department of the School of Agriculture \"Luiz de Queiroz\", University of São Paulo, to evaluate the use of a slow release urea source (Optigen®) and fixed or variable grazing intervals on Pennisetum purpureum pastures. The objective of Experiment 1 was to evaluate the partial replacement of cotton seed meal (CSM) by urea or by a slow release urea (Optigen®) on the performance of dairy cows fed corn silage. Thirty two mid lactating cows, averaging 20.8 kg of milk day-1 and 524 kg of BW at the beginning of the experimental period were used to compare the 3 treatments. The control treatment (C) contained cotton seed meal (CSM) as protein source, the U30 treatment had 30% of the CSM crude protein replaced by urea, the O30 treatment, had 30% of the CSM crude protein replaced by slow release urea and the O60 treatment, had 60 % of the CSM crude protein replaced by slow release urea. A 4x4 Latin Square design was used and the variables were analyzed using the PROC MIXED (SAS). Replacing 30% of CSM crude protein by urea (U30) or slow release urea (O30) had no effect (P>0.05) on milk yield (20.2, 19.5, and 19.8 kg day-1 respectively). However, replacing 60% of CSM crude protein by slow release urea (O60) (19.0 kg day-1) reduced milk yield compared to C and O30 (P<0.05) and U30 (P<0.06). Milk fat, milk protein, milk lactose, and milk total solids contents, and milk somatic cells counting were not different (P>0.05) among the treatments. The milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was lower (P<0.05) for the U30 treatment (7,2 mg dL-1) compared to the other treatments (9.3 mg dL-1 (O30); 9.1 mg dL-1 (C), and 8.9 mg dL-1 (O60)). On Experiment 2, were used 32 midlactating cows averaging 15 kg of milk day -1 and 466 kg of BW at the beginning of the trial. Experimental area contained 56 paddocks of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon, averaging 0.1ha each. Treatments were 2 grazing interval (fixed grazing intervals of 27 days or variable grazing intervals based on the dossel height of 1 m), and two protein supplement (CSM x slow release urea). A randomized block design was used and the variables were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS). There were no effects (P>0.05) for N source on the evaluated parameters. There were differences (P<0.05) between the fixed and variable grazing intervals (GI). Pre-grazing dossel height (1.03 x 1.2 m), post-grazing stubble height (0.41 e 0.47 meters), pre-grazing (6209 and 6642 kg DM ha-1) and post-grazing forage mass (3277 and 3666 kg DM ha-1) were lower (P<0.05) for variable GI compared to 27 days fixed GI. Volumetric density (55.04 and 60.06 kg DM ha-1 cm-1) was higher for variable GI (P<0.05). Cows grazing pastures managed with variable GI produced more milk (P<0.06) (12.32 and 10.8 kg milk day -1) than cows grazing pastures managed with fixed GI. Milk components and cow average daily gain were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05).
35
Brauner, Cássio Cassal. "Suplementação estratégica em bovinos de corte." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2597.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Tese_Cassio_ Brauner.pdf: 2626721 bytes, checksum: 77ac6ea597429da5d36c2eae67ddb2a4 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-06-21<br>Different objectives were evaluated with different supplementation strategies procedures
in beef cattle in two distinct projects. In Experiment 1, Thirty-two multiparous Angus beef
cows in moderate body condition score (3 in a 1 to 5 scale) received supplementary
feeding during early lactation, for a short period (35d), to determine the effect on milk
production and composition and cow and calf performances. Both groups were
maintained in grazing native condition during the supplemental period. Milk composition
and yield, cow and calf performance were evaluated at 0d (initial); 14d (middle) and 35d
(final) of supplementation period. There was no effect (P>0.05) of supplementation on
milk production or any milk component, and on calves performance. Milk composition
was different between periods, where fat concentration was higher at the middle of
supplementation and lactose was higher at the end of this period. Supplemented cows
had a higher (P=0.03) average daily gain at the final supplemental period than cows in
control group. In conclusion, beef cows in moderate body condition score may gain
weight during the lactation period responding to supplementation in a short period,
without any influence on milk production, composition in the calf performance. In
Experiment 2, Four beef heifers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in
a 5 x 4 incomplete Latin square experiment to determine the dietary replacement value
of camelina meal for soybean meal in forage-based diets of beef cattle. Heifers were fed
bromegrass hay (7.1% CP, 52.2% NDF on an OM basis) and the diet was formulated to
meet the RDP requirement for the hay offered with supplemental soybean meal as a
protein supplement. In an isonitrogenous basis, the treatments aimed to replace the
soybean in five different levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) using camelina meal as a
protein source. There was no difference (P>0.05) of increase levels of camelina meal
addition as a replacement of soybean meal on OM, NDF and N digestibility.
Consequently, we could not find any difference (P>0.05) on the patterns of ruminal
fermentation end-products as well. The lack of differences in site and extent of digestion
among dietary treatments is consistent with similar (P>0.05) performance for the heifers.
Therefore, camelina meal seems to be a suitable alternative for supplementary soybean
meal in forage-based diets consumed by beef cattle.<br>Com diferentes objetivos foram avaliados diferentes métodos estratégicos de
suplementação para bovinos de corte, bem como as potencialidades de utilização
dentro dos diferentes sistemas de produção em dois distintos projetos. No Experimento
1, Trinta e duas vacas Angus multíparas em escore de condição corporal moderado (3
em escala de 1 a 5) receberam suplementação alimentar no início de lactação, por um
período curto (35 dias), para determinar o efeito sobre a produção e composição do
leite e o desemenho de vacas e bezerros. A avaliação da produção de leite,
desempenho ponderal de vacas e bezerros foram controlados no dia 0 (inicio); 14 (meio)
e 35 (final) do período de suplementação. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da suplementação
na produção ou de qualquer componente do leite em ambos os grupos, bem como
sobre o desempenho de bezerros. Composição do leite foi diferente entre os períodos,
onde a gordura foi maior no meio da suplementação e lactose foi maior no final deste
período. Vacas suplementadas apresentaram maior (P=0,03) ganho de peso médio
diário no período final da suplementação. Vacas de corte podem ganhar peso durante o
período de lactação em resposta a suplementação em um curto período, sem qualquer
influência sobre a produção e composição do leite ou no desempenho dos bezerros. No
Experimento 2, quatro novilhas de corte canuladas no rumen e duodeno foram
utilizadas em um desenho experimental 5x4 Quadrado Latino incompleto, para
determinar a utilização do farelo de camelina como um suplemento proteico em
reposição ao farelo de soja. Os animais foram alimentados com feno (7,1% de PB,
52,2% de FDN em base de MO) e a dieta foi formulada para atender a exigência PDR
para o feno oferecido com farelo de soja como suplemento proteico. Em uma base
isoprotéica, os tratamentos foram calculados para substituir o farelo de soja em cinco
diferentes níveis (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%). Não foi encontrado efeito (P>0,05) da
reposição do farelo de soja por farelo de camelina na digestão da matéria orgânica,
fibra e digestibilidade do nitrogênio, bem como não hove diferenças (P>0,05) nos
padrões de fermentação ruminal, refletindo em um desempenho ponderal semelhante
(P>0,05). Sendo assim, o farelo de camelina parece ser uma adequada alternativa ao
farelo de soja como um suplemento proteíco em dietas a base de forragem para
bovinos de corte.
36
Bertelli, Maryane Machado. "Inspeção de conteúdos vitamínicos em amostras de farinha láctea por eletroforese capilar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-22102013-091838/.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho, é proposto um método de separação e determinação das vitaminas hidrossolúveis utilizando-se eletroforese capilar na modalidade cromatografia eletrocinética micelar (MEKC). MEKC pode ser empregada para separar ambas moléculas carregadas ou neutras, individual ou simultaneamente. O método desenvolvido consistiu-se de 20 mmol L-1 de tetraborato de sódio (TBS), 20 mmol L-1 de dodecilsulfato de sódio (SDS) e metanol 15% (v/v). As soluções foram introduzidas no sistema eletroforético sob pressão de 0,5 psi por 3 s. A separação foi conduzida em um capilar de sílica fundida de 50 cm, sob potencial de 20 kV, à temperatura de 22ºC e monitorada em 200, 254 e 270 nm. O método analítico apresentou-se seletivo com separação em linha de base, preciso com áreas relativas no intervalo de 1,0 a 11%, apresentou baixos limites de detecção (entre 1,6 e 27,7 µmol L-1) e quantificação (entre 5,0 e 92,2 µmol L-1), além de ser simples e com alta frequência analítica, possibilitando separar as nove vitaminas hidrossolúveis em 15,50 min. Ele foi aplicado em amostra de farinha láctea, na qual foi possível determinar 4 vitaminas (B3, B5, B6 e C). Um método de separação para as vitaminas lipossolúveis, utilizando cromatografia a líquido, também foi proposto. Foi possível obter a separação em linha de base de sete vitaminas desta classe. A validação e a aplicação do método ainda devem ser investigadas.<br>In this paper, we propose a method for separation and determination of water-soluble vitamins using capillary electrophoresis method in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). MEKC can be employed to separate both charged end neutral molecules, individually or simultaneously .The method consisted in 20 mmol L-1 sodium tetraborate (TBS), 20 mmol L-1 sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 15% methanol (v / v). The solutions were introduced into the electrophoretic system under pressure of 0.5 psi for 3 seconds. The separation was performed in a fused silica capillary of 50 cm under potential of 20 kV at a temperature of 22 ° C and monitored at 200, 254 and 270 nm. The analytical method was presented with selective separation line basis with precise relative areas in the range of 1.0 to 11%, showed low detection (1.6 to 27.7 µmol L-1) and quantification (from 5.0 to 92.2 µmol L-1) limits, besides being simple and high sampling rate, allowing to separate nine water-soluble vitamins in 15.50 min. The method was applied to a sample of milky flour, which it was possible to determine 4 vitamins (B3, B5, B6 e C). A method for separating soluble vitamins using liquid chromatography has also been proposed. It was possible to obtain a baseline separation of seven vitamins this class. The validation and application of the method must still be investigated.
37
Bednárek, Jan. "Aplikace metamastku v anorganických materiálech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408057.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused at possibilities of preparation and characterization of XRD-amorphous delaminated and dehydroxylated talc phase – meta-talc, which can have its potential application and a starter material for a preparation of magnesium-silicate analogues of geopolymers. Changes in structure and morphology of talc ore were observed during this work. For the purposes of this research, two various talc ores – chloritic and dolomitic were examined. Whole process of meta-talc preparation was examined with whole scale of instrumental techniques such as X-ray diffraction, simultaneous thermogravimetric a differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy or laser analysis of particle size. Meta-talc can be obtained via mechanochemical activation of talc ore with subsequent calcination. Mechanochemical treatment lead to destruction of original crystal structure and breaking of original bonds, i.e. the product of this treatment was almost amorphous and delaminated. Most of hydroxyl groups were converted to molecules of water which remained adsorbed or coordinated in ore structure. These molecules were removed during calcination step.
38
Bader, Lange Miranda Lu. "IN VIVO OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE BRAIN AND A MOUSE MODEL THEREOF: EFFECTS OF LIPID ASYMMETRY AND THE SINGLE METHIONINE RESIDUE OF AMYLOID-β PEPTIDE". UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/117.
Full textAbstract:
Studies presented in this dissertation were conducted to gain more insight into the role of phospholipid asymmetry and amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress in brain of subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). AD is a largely sporadic, age-associated neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by the vast, progressive loss of memory and cognition commonly in populations over the age of ~65 years, with the exception of those with familial AD, which develop AD symptoms as early as ~30 years-old. Neuropathologically, both AD and FAD can be characterized by synapse and neuronal cell loss in conjunction with accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Elevated levels of oxidative stress and damage to brain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are observed, as well. Likewise, aMCI, arguably the earliest form of AD, displays many of these same clinical and pathological characteristics, with a few exceptions (e.g., no dementia) and to a lesser extent.
Studies in this dissertation focused on the contributions of oxidative stress to the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) to the outer-leaflet of the lipid membrane, how and when PtdSer asymmetric collapse contributes to the progression of aMCI, AD, and FAD, and the role played by methionine-35 (Met-35) of Aβ in oxidative stress and damage, as measured in a transgenic mouse model of Aβ pathology. Normally, the PtdSer is sequestered to the cytosolic, inner-leaflet of the bilayer by the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent, membrane-bound translocase, flippase, which unidirectionally transports PtdSer inward against its concentration gradient. Oxidative stress-induced modification of flippase and/or PtdSer, however, leads to prolonged extracellular exposure of PtdSer on the outer membrane leaflet, a known signal for both early apoptosis and selective recognition and mononuclear phagocytosis of dying cells. Within the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) of subjects with aMCI and AD, a significant collapse in PtdSer asymmetry was found in association with increased levels of both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, Bax, caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Moreover, a significant collapse in PtdSer asymmetry was also found in whole brain of human double-mutant knock-in mouse models of Aβ pathology, together with significantly reduced Mg2+ATPase activity, representing flippase activity, and increased levels of pro-apoptotic caspase-3. Significant PtdSer externalization corresponded to the age at which significant soluble Aβ(1-42) deposition occurs in this particular mouse model (9 months), and not of plaque deposition (12 months), suggesting that elevated levels of Aβ(1-42), together with increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis, may contribute to altered PtdSer membrane localization.
Also in this dissertation, transgenic mice carrying Swedish and Indiana mutations on the human amyloid precursor protein (APPSw,In) and APPSw,In mice carrying a Met35Leu mutation on Aβ were derived to investigate the role of Met-35 in Aβ(1-42)-induced oxidative stress in vivo. Oxidative stress analyses revealed that Aβ-induced oxidative stress requires the presence of Met-35, as all indices of oxidative damage (i.e., protein carbonylation, nitration, and protein-bound 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal [HNE]) in brain of Met35Leu mice were completely prevented. Moreover, immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the Met35Leu mutation influences plaque formation, as a clear reduction in Aβ-immunoreactive plaques in Met35Leu mice was found in conjunction with a significant increase in microglial activation. In contrast, behavioral analyses suggested that spatial learning and memory was independent of Met-35 of Aβ, as Met35Leu mice demonstrated inferior water-maze performance compared to non-transgenic mice.
Differential expression and redox proteomic analyses to pinpoint proteins significantly altered by the APPSw,In and Met35Leu mutations was performed, as well. Expression proteomics showed significant increases and decreases in APPSw,In and Met35Leu mouse brain, respectively, in proteins involved in cell signaling, detoxification, structure, metabolism, molecular chaperoning, protein degradation, mitochondrial function, etc. Redox proteomics found many of these same proteins to be oxidatively modified (i.e., protein carbonylation and nitration) in both APPSw,In and Met35Leu mouse brain, providing additional insights into the critical nature of Met-35 of Aβ for in vivo oxidative stress in a mammalian species brain, and strongly suggesting similar importance of Met-35 of Aβ(1-42) in brain of subjects with aMCI and AD. Taken together, studies presented in this dissertation demonstrate the role of oxidative stress-induced alteration of PtdSer asymmetry and Met-35 in Aβ-induced oxidative stress in aMCI, AD, and FAD brain.
39
Oliveira, Julicristie Machado de. "Suplementação de vitamina A em lactantes: revisão sistemática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-10102006-160815/.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de vitamina A em lactantes, por intermédio de uma revisão sistemática. Métodos: Realizou-se buscas por ensaios aleatorizados controlados em bases de dados bibliográficos. Localizou-se 2.547 resumos que foram lidos e selecionados por dois examinadores, segundo critérios de elegibilidade e qualidade. Foram considerados elegíveis e apresentando qualidade 16 estudos, cujos dados foram extraídos e armazenados no Excel. Para os desfechos clínicos efeitos adversos e morbi-mortalidade materna e infantil, não foi possível realizar metanálise. Para os desfechos concentração de retinol sérico e no leite, realizou-se metanálise. Resultados: Não foram descritas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na ocorrência de diarréia, infecção respiratória e pneumonia entre crianças dos grupos com e sem suplementação. Observou-se menores prevalências de evacuações aquosas e cegueira noturna em lactantes suplementadas, porém sem proteção em relação à mortalidade. Observou-se menor ocorrência de níveis de retinol no leite <0,28μmol/g de lipídio no grupo suplementado aos seis meses (OR=0,73; IC95%: 0,54 0,99), mas não aos nove meses pós-parto (0,82; IC95%:0,59 1,14). Para os níveis de retinol sérico infantis e maternos, obteve-se diferença de médias sumária de 0,25μmol/L (IC95%: 0,16 0,34) e 0,14μmol/L (IC95%: 0,02 0,26) aos três meses pós-parto. Conclusões: Não há evidências de benefícios da suplementação em relação à morbi-mortalidade infantil e mortalidade materna. Há indicação de que a suplementação seja protetora em relação à morbidade materna, esteja relacionada à manutenção de teor adequado de retinol no leite humano até o sexto mês e à maior concentração sérica de retinol materno e infantil no terceiro mês pós-parto.<br>Objective: To assess the effects of vitamin A supplementation for breastfeeding mothers through a systematic review. Methods: Searches for randomized controlled trials were performed in bibliographic databases. The searches resulted in 2,547 summaries that were read and selected by two raters, by eligibility and quality criteria. Data from 16 quality studies were extracted and stored in Excel. It was not possible to carry out the meta-analysis for the clinical outcomes of adverse effects and maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. The meta-analysis was performed for retinol concentration in the serum and human milk. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed for diarrhea, respiratory infection or pneumonia between supplemented and non-supplemented infant groups. Reduced prevalences of loose stools and night blindness were observed in supplemented lactating women, but without protection for mortality. Lower occurrences of milk retinol concentration were observed <0.28μmol/g of lipid in the supplemented group at six months (OR=0.73; IC95%: 0.54 0.99), but not at nine months postpartum (0.82; IC95%:0.59 1.14). For infant and maternal serum retinol, the average difference in means was 0.25μmol/L (IC95%: 0.16 0.34) and 0.14μmol/L (IC95%: 0.02 0.26) at three months postpartum. Conclusions: There is no evidence of the benefit of supplementation for infant morbidity and mortality or for maternal mortality. There is an indication that the protection given by supplementation for maternal morbidity is related to suitable retinol levels in human milk until the sixth month postpartum and to the higher retinol concentration in maternal and infant serum in the third month postpartum.
40
Dufreneix, Florence. "Variations et estimation de la valeur protéique des sources azotées dans l’alimentation des vaches laitières." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARB322.
Full textAbstract:
Economiser les protéines végétales dans l’alimentation des vaches laitières est un enjeu majeur du secteur laitier. Cet objectif peut être atteint d’une part en limitant la dégradation des protéines dans le rumen pour augmenter la proportion de protéines alimentaire non dégradées et disponible dans l’intestin et d’autre part en formulant les rations au plus proche des besoins protéiques des animaux ce qui nécessite une méthode d’estimation précise de la valeur protéique des aliments. La première partie de ce travail de thèse s’attache à étudier l’influence de la taille et de la densité spécifique des particules sur leur temps de séjour dans le rumen.Les résultats obtenus avec des particules de plastique montrent que la taille et la densité peuvent être utilisées pour réduire le temps de séjour moyen dans le rumen. La deuxième partie de cette thèse vise à mettre en place une nouvelle méthodologie d’estimation de la valeur protéique des aliments basée sur la réponse biologique des animaux en comparaison à la méthode in vivo de référence. Les deux réponses testées (acides aminés plasmatiques ou matières protéiques du lait) donnent toutes les deux une estimation précise de la valeur protéique mais la réponse la réponse des matières protéiques du lait semble être à privilégier puisqu’elle est mieux connue et ne dépend pas de la source protéique utilisée<br>Saving vegetable protein in the nutrition of dairy cows is a major challenge for the dairy sector. This objective can be achieved on the one hand by limiting the degradation of proteins in the rumen to increase the proportion of non-degraded feed proteins available in the intestine and on the other hand by formulating the rations as close as possible to the protein requirements of the animals, which requires a method of accurate estimation of the protein feed value. The firstpart of this thesisfocuses on the influence of particle size and specific density on their rumen retention time. The results obtained with plastic particles show that size and density can be used to reduce the mean retention time in the rumen. The second part of this thesis aims at setting up a new methodology for estimating feed protein value based on the biological responses of animals compared to the in vivo reference method. The two responses tested (plasmatic amino acids or milk protein yield) both give an accurate estimate of the feed protein value, but the response of milk protein yield seems to be preferable since it is better known and does not depend on the protein source used
41
Bondavalli, Barbara. "Analisi delle associazioni tra prestazioni cognitive ed indici avanzati di neuroimaging in pazienti con declino cognitivo lieve di origine vascolare." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
L'obiettivo del presente elaborato di tesi è lo studio dell'associazione tra variabili di neuroimaging e variabili neuropsicologiche, tramite analisi statistiche, con particolare attenzione agli indici strutturali in grado di interpretare i punteggi di test neuropsicologici ottenuti da pazienti affetti da deterioramento cognitivo lieve di origine vascolare e patologia dei piccoli vasi cerebrali. I metodi statistici impiegati consistono in analisi di regressione lineare multipla, sviluppati ed automatizzati nel pacchetto SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) e classificazione grazie ad algoritmi di machine learning, implementati in ambiente R. Le analisi sono state applicate ad un dataset costituito da 64 pazienti inclusi nel progetto VMCI-Tuscany. Le analisi di regressione e classificazione sono state applicate a tre modelli diversi, in funzione delle variabili esplicative considerate: il primo modello è costituito da variabili volumetriche, mentre gli altri due modelli includono anche indici di diffusione cerebrale, quali Mean Diffusivity (MD) e Fractional Anisotropy (FA). I risultati evidenziano l'importanza dell'indice di diffusione MD della sostanza bianca come predittore significativo del deterioramento cognitivo: in particolar modo la sostanza bianca apparentemente normale e la sostanza bianca totale presentano MD simili, mostrando, come, in questa coorte di pazienti, la segmentazione semi-automatica delle lesioni non sia necessaria. L'applicazione di tecniche di machine learning al test MoCA permette di ottenere un coefficiente di correlazione di Pearson tra i punteggi osservati e quelli stimati dall'algoritmo di Support Vector Machine pari a 0.62. I risultati migliori delle analisi di classificazione, invece, corrispondono a valori di sensibilità e di specificità pari al 71.44% e al 80.56% per il test MoCA e valori di sensibilità e di specificità pari al 71.79% e al 72% per il test TMT-A.
42
OLIVEIRA, José Marcos Freitas de. "Elaboração da farinha de palma aditivada com sabor camarão para alimentação humana." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2011. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1081.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-01T13:46:52Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
JOSÉ MARCOS FREITAS DE OLIVEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2011..pdf: 8394725 bytes, checksum: c724d80a99ec4cb907ef7c29ea570318 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-01T13:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
JOSÉ MARCOS FREITAS DE OLIVEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2011..pdf: 8394725 bytes, checksum: c724d80a99ec4cb907ef7c29ea570318 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-09<br>CNPq<br>O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o processo de secagem das farinhas de palma
gigante e da farinha da cabeça de camarão para alimentação humana. Foram utilizados
cladódios de palma gigante e cabeça de camarão, distribuídos em um delineamento
inteiramente casualizado com um arranjo 2x6; (2 farinhas: farinha de palma e farinha
com diferentes teores de camarão) e (6 tratamentos de secagem: in natura, 60°C, 70°C,
80°C, 90°C e 100°C) com 3 repetições. Foram analisados teor de água, cinzas,
protídeos, lipídios, carboidratos, valor calórico total (VCT), pH, açúcares totais e
redutores, sólidos solúveis totais. Na análise sensorial com população de 80 provadores,
foram avaliados aparência, cor e odor da farinha de palma com 15, 20 e 25% de farinha
de camarão, utilizando-se uma escala hedônica de 1 a 7 pontos. Os resultados de
secagem foram analisados com a utilização do programa Statistica 7 e a comparação
entre os parâmetros fisioquímicos foi utilizado o programa Assistat versão 7.5. Conclui-
se que: Dentre os três modelos aplicados no ajuste das curvas de secagem aos dados
experimentais de secagem da palma e da cabeça de camarão, o que melhor representa osdados experimentais de secagem é o de Page, em todas as temperaturas; Os produtos
elaborados com maiores percentuais de farinha de cabeça de camarão, 20 e 25 %, foram
os preferidos pelos provadores, quanto aos parâmetros Aparência e cor, com médias
entre 6 e 7, correspondendo a um conceito entre gostei ligeiramente e gostei
regularmente.<br>The objective of this research was to study the drying process of flour and palm giant
head flour shrimp for human consumption. Cladodes of giant palm and shrimp head
were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2x6 arrangement, (2
flour: palm flour and palm flour with different leveis of shrimp) and (6 drying
treatments: fresh, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C and 100 °C) with 3 replications. We
analyzed water content, ash, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, total caloric value (TCV),
pH, total and reducing sugars, soluble solids. A sensory analysis with a population of 80
tasters was performed; appearance, color and odor of palm flour with 15, 20 and 25%
flour of shrimp had been evaluated, a hedonic scale of 1 to 7 points was used. The
drying results were analyzed using Statistica 7 and comparing the physical chemical
parameters we used software version 7.5 Assistat. It was concluded that: Among the
three models used in adjusting the drying curve to experimental data and drying palm
head shrimps, which best represents the experimental data of drying is to Page, at ali
temperatures; Products manufactured with the highest percentages of shrimp head meai,
20 and 25%, were preferred by tasters, with averages between 6 and 7, corresponding to
a concept between enjoyed slightly and enjoyed regularly.
43
Ibaouene, Youcef. "Processus Weyl presque périodique et équations différentielles stochastiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR120.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse est dédiée à l'étude de certaines équations différentielles à coefficients Weyl presque périodiques. Elle contient deux parties essentielles : La première partie est consacrée à des problèmes déterministes. On y étudie l'existence et l'unicité d'une solution mild bornée Weyl presque périodique pour l'équation différentielle linéaire abstraite u’ (t) = Au(t) + f(t); t ∈ R; dans un espace de Banach X, où A : D(A) ⊂ X → X est un opérateur linéaire (non borné) qui génère un C0-semi-groupe exponentiellement stable et f : R → X est une fonction Weyl presque périodique. Finalement, toujours dans la première partie, nous étudions l'existence et l'unicité d'une solution mild bornée Weyl presque périodique pour l'équation différentielle semi-linéaire abstraite u’ (t) = Au(t) + f(t; u(t)); t ∈ R; où f : R x X, R → X est une fonction Weyl presque périodique en t ∈ R uniformément par rapport aux compacts de X. Dans la deuxième partie, nous généralisons ces études au cas stochastique. Précisément, nous étudions l'existence et l'unicité de solution Weyl presque périodique en loi pour une classe d'équations différentielles stochastiques semi-linéaires, dans un espace de Hilbert séparable<br>The thesis deals essentialy with a class of abstract dfferential equations with Weyl almost periodic coefficients, and comprises two part. The first part is devoted to the deterministic problems, in a first step, we study the existence and uniqueness of bounded Weyl almost periodic solution to the linear abstract differential equation u’ (t) = Au(t) + f(t); t ∈ R; in a Banach space X, where A : D(A) ⊂ X → X is a linear (unbounded) operator which generates an exponentially stable C0-semigroup on X and f : R → X is a Weyl almost periodic function. Finally, in a second step, always in the same frame, we consider the semi-linear differential equation u’ (t) = Au(t) + f(t; u(t)); t ∈ R ; where f(t; u) is a Weyl almost periodic in t ∈ R; uniformly with respect compact subsets of X. The second part, is concerned with the stochastic case. Precisely, we examine the existence and uniqueness of Weyl almost periodic solution in law to the abstract semilinear stochastic evolution equation on a Hilbert separable space
44
Al-Nabulsi, Anas. "Use of milk protein lactoferrin as a natural antimicrobial in meat products." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20783.
Full text
45
Luo, Shwu-Jen, and 羅淑珍. "Antimicrobial action of chitosan and its hydrolyzates and its application on meat-ball, fresh orange juice and raw milk." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18696468843208302459.
Full text
46
Ferreira, Marques Elisa. "Application of genomics-based tools leading to the identification of markers on bovine chromosome 14 influencing milk production and carcass quality traits." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/494.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic improvements in beef and dairy cattle can bring significant advances in satisfying the global food demand, which is expected to double by 2050. Several DNA markers have been identified on bovine chromosome 14 (BTA14), but low mapping resolution prevents their refinement for identification of causal mutations. The objective of this research was to apply radiation hybrid mapping technique to correctly map available high density markers, enabling the accurate assessment of linkage disequilibrium and the scanning of quantitative trait loci across the chromosome. The research also applied these techniques to identify candidate markers on BTA14 contributing to the genetic variation observed in milk production and carcass quality traits in Holstein and Angus cattle, respectively. The first study aimed at correctly ordering genetic markers along BTA14 and comparing the order to the bovine sequence assembly to aid collaborative efforts in improving the future versions of the assembly. A 12K radiation hybrid map of BTA14 was constructed using 843 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The second study assessed the extent of linkage disequilibrium along the chromosome identifying specific regions in both Angus and Holstein cattle where non-random association between alleles of different loci occurred. For both breeds, results showed that average linkage disequilibrium extends to moderate levels up to 100 kilo base pairs and falls to background levels after 500 kilo base pairs. Correlation analysis for marker pairs common to these two breeds confirmed that the same marker phase is maintained only up to distances of 10 kilo base pairs. Linkage analysis studies for both breeds identified markers on the basis of sire heterozygosity and linkage disequilibrium and reported quantitative trait loci affecting milk production and carcass quality traits. Finally, using marker function, association and linkage analysis results, several candidate markers demonstrating significant effects on these economically relevant traits were identified. The results from this study support the existence of considerable genetic variation for both milk production and carcass quality traits in Holstein and Angus cattle, respectively, demonstrating opportunities for genetic improvement.<br>Animal Science
47
JANEČKOVÁ, Jaroslava. "Vyhodnocení úrovně chovu skotu ve vybraném zemědělském podniku." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-55443.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis breeding and economic indicators of stockbreeding in ?Agrodružstvo Žimutice? in the years 2005 ? 2009 have been assessed. The results show that the reared herd has a high breeding value. For the breeding high- quality approved bulls are used which are still increasing the above mentioned value. The rearing of calves and heifers is of high-quality too. The fattening of bulls lags behind. The increase in weight is very low. The rearing profitability was negative in all years. When compared to the data from a sample survey conducted by The Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information in Prague, it has been found that the company has high costs in particular as to the consumption of their own feeds, direct wages, internal services and overhead expenses. It is impossible to continue such uneconomic production. It is necessary to take a large number of measures to eliminate the loss.
48
LOJDA, Stanislav. "Vyhodnocení úrovně chovu skotu ve vybraném zemědělském podniku." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-115359.
Full textAbstract:
In the thesis there were evaluated breeding and economical factors of livestock breeding in agricultural company Lesonice JSC in the years 2009 ? 2011. The results show that the livestock breeding in this company is on high breeding as well as cost-effective level. Especially milk-cows breed of Czech brindle stock (Fleckvieh) have an excellent production of milk and good breeding values in comparison to the Czech average. Calves in the breed are in a good health condition, which proves in the low mortality rate. The category of heifers has also good-quality breed with low age of calving. There are only few data concerning the bull-fattening that was renewed in 2009. The cost-comparison to the Czech average was carried out by means of sample survey of Institute for agricultural economics and information in Prague. The costs are comparable to the Czech average and by some stock-categories they are even lower. If the company would like to prefer the Holsteiner cattle, it would have to better utilize the breeding reserves and increase the efficiency that is now under the Czech average. The management shell continuously lower the costs by means of innovations and professional attitude. Reliable calculation of costs and incomes must be stressed.
49
LHOTKA, Pavel. "Chovatelská a ekonomická analýza chovu skotu v zemědělském podniku." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-251974.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is evaluation the breeding and economical factors of livestock breeding in agricultural company VOD Jetřichovec between 2012-2014 years. The data needed for economic analysis (balance sheet, income statement, cash flow) were are obtained from the accounting of the company. The data for analysis of reproduction (reproduction and milk production) were are compiled from records of performance tests and records of the animals. The statistical comparison with the average of the Czech Republic was carried out using the results of the tender Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information. The results of performance and reproduction in the years 2012 to 2014 shows that the monitored breeding achieved when compared to the average population of Holstein cattle bred in the Czech Republic, above-average values. The statistical comparison with the average of the Czech Republic was carried out using the results of the tender Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information. Excellent research results gained in VOD Jetřichovec arises. The reproduction of purebred breeding is used in a closed herd turnover. The reproduction of purebred breeding is used in a closed herd turnover. The main value of the reproductive indicators, performance and breeding bulls in a company are comparable or better than the national average. In milk production, which is the main indicator of dairy cows, the amount of milk produced and sold on average 13% higher. The rearing of calves and heifers is also at a high level, as evidenced by the low mortality and good health. Fattening bulls has a very high level, which is monitored each year, compared profitable UZEI research. To improve economic and breeding levels would be necessary in the long term to increase production, reduce costs, focus on improving livestock breeding through a professional approach and application of innovative technologies.
50
Langa, R. L. S. (Rashwahla Lesiba Sydwell). "Optimisation of cell growth and shelf life stability of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29193.
Full textAbstract:
Economic demands for milk and meat products force farmers to increase the carbohydrate content of grains fed to animals. One of the consequences of this intervention is the lactic acidosis condition in animals fed the high-concentrate diets, which is the accumulation of lactic acid in the rumen. Symptoms of the condition include lameness, bloatedness, epistaxis and dilated pupils. Methods such as ionophore antibiotics, gradual transition from high to low-concentrate diets and yeast cultures have in the past been used to avert this condition but all had their disadvantages. Microorganisms may develop resistance to the ionophore antibiotics; gradual transition time may be too long for production and yeast cultures have been reported to be ineffective when used alone. Megasphaera elsdenii, a major lactate utiliser of the rumen of animals, has been used as a direct-fed microbial in the management of lactic acid levels. Studies on M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125 have shown that the bacterium is an effective lactic acid utiliser. Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 was cultured in a Biostat Braun B fermenter where growth yields were attempted to be optimised by using a pulse-and-shift method. A semi-defined lactate (SDL) and corn steep liquor (CSL) media, which contained reducing agents, to ensure anaerobiosis, were used in the optimisation and shelf-life studies. Culture stability studies were performed on samples from a fermenter, and subsequently in stainless-steel kegs. Samples for analysis were then taken from the kegs. Preservation of M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125 and prevention of cell settlement methods were also evaluated using a combination of sodium lactate / glycerol and pure xanthan gum / gelatin, respectively. The cultures were harvested using either continuous or fed-batch fermentations. Shelf-life was better for cultures grown on SDL medium with a lower concentration of lactic acid, a finding which related to the substrate affinity of M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125. Higher growth yields were obtained from secondary cultures which had been continuously harvested into stainless-steel kegs. Shelf-life results obtained from the use of corn steep liquor (CSL) medium were almost similar to those obtained when SDL medium was used, however, the problem with CSL data was the variability between batches. None of the preservation or prevention of cell settlement methods resulted in positive responses, although pure xanthan gum preserved cultures for the six days evaluated. In order to avert a sudden reduction of viable cells when high concentrations of lactic acid are used, it could be necessary to harvest cells during the secondary growth phase.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Microbiology and Plant Pathology<br>unrestricted