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1
Y., M. "Factors determining red meat trade to the Asian and African markets: Its implication to the Namibian red meat industry." Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 5, no. 9 (September 30, 2013): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jdae12.153.
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Chinarov, A. V. "Foreign Trade Potential of Russian Meat Industry." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 5 (May 2018): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2018-0-5-22-24.
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Chinarov, A. V. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR TRADE POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT OF RUSSIAN MEAT INDUSTRY." Экономика сельского хозяйства России, no. 5 (2018): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32651/2070-0288-2018-5-49-53.
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Lyakhovska, Olena. "Ukraine’s foreign trade in meat and meat products: trends and geographical aspects." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 3(143) (2020): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-3-7.
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Current trends in meat and meat products exports are considered. The dynamics and structural changes in meat exports by types and degree of processing (beef and veal, pork, poultry, finished meat products) are analyzed. The paper proves that in recent years, only meat and edible poultry by-products have taken a competitive position in the world market. Accordingly, the dynamics of exports of this type of meat is positive, and the share of these products in the structure of exported meat is the largest (86.09%). Possible threats to the growth of import dependence on certain types of meat products, in particular, chilled and frozen beef and veal, pork, are indicated. The rating of the largest countries-importers of meat and meat products (by types) from Ukraine is built, their share in the structure of meat exports is determined. Changes in the geographical structure of exports have been studied, which indicate a low level of diversification of the geography of exports of certain types of meat (pork, beef). At the same time, a positive development of the geographical structure of poultry meat exports (exported to more than 100 countries) was revealed. Problems of the export potential development in the meat industry of Ukraine are revealed. In particular, the problems of livestock development (outdated technologies and production techniques that reduce the efficiency and productivity; inefficiency of the organization of purchase and processing of meat, which leads to reduced breeding in small businesses and households; inefficiency of state incentives, etc.) and industrial meat production (lack of raw materials, obsolescence of fixed assets and production technologies, poorly developed logistics, etc.). The solution of these problems requires: a systematic approach, which will encourage the cooperation of agricultural and industrial production, cooperation with importers of meat products and protection of domestic producers in the domestic and international markets, creating a favorable investment and information environment that will promote the meat industry development.
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Warren, Wilson J. "The Meat Industry Goes Back to the Jungle." Current History 120, no. 822 (December 21, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.822.21.
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Major outbreaks of the coronavirus among workers in meatpacking plants have brought renewed public scrutiny to a hazardous industry. Working conditions had improved through the mid-twentieth century, after investigations by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair and others early in the century exposed unsafe and unsanitary practices. But benefits and protections for workers have steadily eroded in recent decades, due to the decline of unions and rise of globalized trade and labor sourcing. The backsliding in an industry with a mostly immigrant workforce occurred largely out of the public eye, until the pandemic raised concerns about the food supply.
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Arida, Evy, Arief Hidayat, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Noor Laina Maireda, Dadang Rahadian Subasli, and Mumpuni Mumpuni. "Consumption and Trade of Asian Water Monitor, Varanus salvator as Reliance on Wildlife for Livelihoods among Rural Communities in North Sumatra, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46359/jte.v3i2.40.
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The water monitor, Varanus salvator has been exploited for its skin to supply international demands for reptile leather, whereas meat, liver, and fat are consumed locally in some communities in North Sumatra. Demands for skin seems to be paralleled with meat consumption in this province for more than 25 years. We conducted direct interviews with hunters and collecting managers in five abattoirs in five towns in North Sumatra to obtain preliminary data on consumption and trade of Water monitor. Additionally, we explore the association between consumption, trade, and livelihood of rural communities. We found that lizards of all sizes were taken and processed in the abattoirs for skin and meat trade. Consumption of Water monitor meat in North Sumatra is partially driven by a cultural background and has been occurring probably longer than the skin trade for leather industry. We noted that meat of Water monitor also becomes an alternative protein source because of its lower price. In conclusions, benefits of Water monitor harvest are extended across levels of participants in the local trade, including hunters, collectors, and meat consumers. Meat consumption and skin trade are closely linked with one another in North Sumatra; nevertheless sustainability of the trade needs to be evaluated in the near future to predict demands and production capacity.
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Shang, Xia, and Glynn T. Tonsor. "Sanitary and phytosanitary regulations and international red meat trade." British Food Journal 121, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 2309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2018-0663.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an ex post econometric examination of SPS measures and their influences on red meat trade. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct multiple new assessments to further assess the particular effects of specific SPS measures related to animal health, human health and maximum residue limits on red meat trade values. This finer assessment provides updated and more detailed insights into the marginal trade impacts of different SPS measures. Findings The current study sheds important light on the determinants of red meat trade. The economic conditions of destination countries and production capability of suppliers are key to determining trade values. Factors including personal income and exporters’ meat supply are identified as trade facilitators. Since the restrictiveness of SPS measures vary across beef and pork sectors, maintaining commodity-specific SPS measures is essential for accurate assessment of trade determinants. Originality/value This paper provides multiple contributions to the existing literature and more broadly the authors’ economic understanding on the increasingly contentious issue of global meat trade. Combined, this study yields several implications for food policy, trade negotiators and industry leaders given the growing role and surrounding controversies of trade in meat and livestock markets around the world. The authors further believe the paper would be of notable interest to fellow researchers consistent with the existence of a sizable published literature and ongoing debates in international meat trade.
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Bułkowska, Małgorzata. "THE POSITION OF PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN IN POLISH AGRI-FOOD TRADE." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 5 (November 30, 2017): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6203.
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The aim of the paper is to present the position of meat and dairy industries in the Polish agri-food trade in 2010-2016. The paper analyzes the changes in the geographical and commodity structure of trade in selected products in relation to the entire agri-food sector as well as evaluates their competitive position based on the comparative advantage (RCA) indicator. Analyzes has shown that despite import restrictions, the meat sector is crucial for the Polish food industry. It corresponds to about 20% of exports and generates 1/3 of surplus in trade in agri-food products. The fastest growing sector in Poland is the poultry industry, which has gradually increased its comparative advantages in analyzed period.
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Shapoval, B. "ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE DOMESTIC MARKET AND EXPORTS OF DAIRY AND MEAT INDUSTRIES OF UKRAINE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 288, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2020-288-6-28.
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The article analyzes the dairy and meat industries of Ukraine, their condition and potential vectors of development. The place of the meat and dairy industry in the country’s economy and its influence on the general development of the economy were determined. General trends in dairy and meat production, their development and prospects. The current state of the dairy industry, the level of dairy production by type, sees of the sales and sales in retail and wholesale trade. The change in production in combination with the last years, the level of sales for the last three years in percentage terms and export of dairy products to other countries are analyzed. The meat industry of Ukraine, its current state and prospects of development were also studied. The production of products for years and types, the size of wholesale sales of such products on the Ukrainian market are highlighted. The indicators of retail trade in food and mixed products in the context of recent years have been studied, as well as trends in increasing and decreasing production, sales on the domestic market and exports of meat and dairy products have been identified. The countries to which Ukraine exports the most meat, meat products, sausages and dairy products, including condensed and powdered milk, cheese and whey, have been identified. For comparison, the indicators of meat and dairy exports to Ukraine, Ireland, New Zealand and Poland were taken. These countries were selected in connection with similar conditions of development of the meat and dairy market. In terms of exports and production of the meat and dairy industry, the above countries are not leaders in the world market, but are certainly role models. Recommendations for further actions for meat and dairy producers for successful entry into foreign markets are provided.
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Christodoulou, Maria. "Intra-industry trade in agrofood sectors: the case of the EEC meat market." Applied Economics 24, no. 8 (August 1992): 875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036849200000055.
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Capie, F. "Taste, Trade, and Technology: The Development of the International Meat Industry since 1840." English Historical Review CXXII, no. 497 (June 1, 2007): 845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cem163.
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Bogale, Mekonnen, Muluken Ayalew, and Wubishet Mengesha. "The Competitiveness of Travel and Tourism Industry of Sub-Saharan African Countries in the World Market." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10(1), no. 10(1) (February 28, 2021): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajthl.19770720-91.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate competitiveness of Travel and Tourism industry of Sub-Saharan African countries in the world market. The study used Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) and Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) indexes as a measure of competitiveness based on secondary data from ITC trade database covering between 2000 and 2019. The findings of the study revealed that SSA countries like Mauritius, South Africa, Seychelles and Namibia have competitive T&T industry consistently in the years between 2000 and 2019. However, SSA countries such as Botswana, Tanzania, Senegal, Kenya and Rwanda have competitiveness vary by years. Moreover, South Africa has highest comparative advantage followed by Tanzania and Mauritius. The study provided valuable information to industry leaders, policy makers, business owners and international organizations such as UN and UNESCO to design appropriate strategies and systems aiming to sustain and improve travel and tourism industry competitiveness in SSA countries. It is the first study in applying NRCA and RTA indexes to investigate the competitiveness of T&T Industry in SSA countries. Keywords: Competitiveness; export; import; performance; tourism; travel
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Sidorov, M. A. "Features of forming the regional meat-industry balance models." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 1 (April 27, 2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2019-1-32-38.
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The article discusses the nature and history of the development of intersectoral balance models, the specifics of their construction, questions the feasibility of expanding the practice of applying the balance sheet liability method and reflect the advantages of its use in the context of development of regional socio-economic systems. Despite the fact that the region is an independent separate system, it is economically connected with the external environment, the structure of its production is influenced from the outside by commodity and financial flows and prices in the markets of goods and services. These interrelations have quantitative and qualitative characteristics, to quantitative it is possible to refer branch volumes of the made and consumed resources, to qualitative-their interindustry proportions. The basis for the purpose of trade is the cost of production, which varies by industry specialization of the regions within the framework of the combined interregional and international division of labor, which formed the value chain. As an example, given the cost factors in the production of food processing industry of the Vologda region compared to the national average, the conclusion is made about the availability of measurable quantitative differences between them.
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Van Eck, Stefan. "Temporary Employment Services (Labour Brokers) in South Africa and Namibia." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i2a2642.
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South Africa currently allows labour broking although this area of commerce is problematic. The trade union movement, government and organised business are presently debating the future regulation of this industry. Namibia has experimented with, and failed, to place a legislative ban on labour broking. The Supreme Court of Appeal of Namibia considered International Labour Organisation conventions and provisions of their Constitution before concluding that labour broking should be regulated but not prohibited. In this article it is argued that South African policy makers can gain valuable insights from the Namibian experience. It is submitted that it would be appropriate for Parliament to take cognisance of international and foreign principles and to accept amendments that would provide for stricter regulation for labour broking, rather than placing an outright ban on this economic activity.
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Gredell, Devin, Heather Rode, and David McKenna. "102 Developing Industry-Relevant Academic Research Programs in Meat Science." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.106.
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Abstract A synergistic relationship exists between the meat industry and meat science academic programs, leading to frequent collaboration between the two groups. This not only provides applied experience for students, but also allows the meat industry to utilize resources unique to academia and align academic research efforts to address industry issues. The meat industry is driven by efficiency; generally requiring ideas to be further along in development before thoroughly considering the incorporation of new ideas or technologies. This can lead to valuable improvements being overlooked simply because their full potential has not been previously demonstrated. In contrast, the university setting encourages the development of new ideas from the ground up. Therefore, academic research has frequently been the source of innovative concepts that have later been adopted by industry as common practice. It is this link between conceptualization and commercialization of new ideas that makes relationships between academic and industry scientists so valuable. By maintaining these relationships, the meat industry can express areas for improvement and innovation, so that academic scientists can adapt their research programs to address industry-relevant concerns. This not only fills a void in the industry research and development process but also provides funding opportunities for academic scientists, both directly from industry and from trade organizations funding academic research on behalf of industry members. Changes in the diversity of market animals, increased consumer interest in production history, labor shortages, and increased concern for sustainable food production only describe a few of the challenges facing the meat industry. To rise above these challenges, collaboration between industry and academia will undoubtedly be necessary. This session will focus on current and future areas of interest to promote industry-focused research within meat science academic programs.
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BOLSHAKOVA, Іevgeniia. "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MEAT-PROCESSING ENTERPRISES: PECULIARITIES OF STATE REGULATION." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-29.
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The article deals with the specificity and orientation of sustainable development of Ukrainian meat processing enterprises. Weaknesses in the state regulation of meat processing enterprises are identified. The necessity of forming a mechanism of state regulatory influence is substantiated within the framework of ensuring the sustainable development of the meat processing industry in Ukraine. The main directions of the state policy implementation are given in order to ensure sustainable development of the meat processing industry in Ukraine. The tool for sustainable growth of meat processing enterprises in Ukraine has been identified. The practical application of the proposed tools has its advantages, namely: producers of meat products receive the necessary credit resources as collateral for manufactured products; guarantee of a high-quality and effective system of raw material security, which enables to carry out operations under pre-regulated conditions that meet the criteria of relevance, transparency and objectivity; the possibility of regulating the financial and economic relations between meat producers and procurement organizations for wholesale and retail sales. Based on the conclusions drawn, it has been proved that the end result of the sale of meat products should be shared among all participants in the production and trade relations, depending on their costs. It is important to simultaneously and promptly adjust the financial and economic relations between the parties in the context of industrial-trade relations. At present, modern meat processing companies are experiencing significant difficulties due to the need to reduce production volumes and shortage of staff. As a result, much of the production capacity is half-force, which results in operating costs and, as a consequence, a significant increase in the price of final products. According to the study results, it is possible to achieve positive trends in the functioning of the meat processing industry as a whole and the socio-economic sustainability of the domestic industrial enterprises of the analyzed industry in particular by successfully implementing national, regulatory, financial, licensing, tariff and antitrust standards at the national level. Keywords: meat processing enterprises, directions of state regulation, mechanism of state regulatory influence, tools for sustainable growth of enterprises.
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Oraz, G. T., A. B. Ospanov, U. Chomanov, and A. A. Tursunov. "Method for cutting semi-carried beef for export." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 80, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.94.
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The experiment relates to the meat industry and can be used for cutting beef half-carcasses in slaughterhouses for wholesale trade, mainly for export. The technical result of the claimed experiment is the cutting of beef half-carcass in accordance with international standards, which allows to export beef meat to foreign companies, since it fully meets all the stated requirements for these companies.
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Aleksic, S., V. Pantelic, and C. Radovic. "Livestock production: Present situation and future development directions in Republic of Serbia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 5-6-1 (2009): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0906267a.
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Livestock production is important branch of agriculture in Republic of Serbia. Over 700.000 households are engaged in this production, which is over 55% of total number of households. Livestock production provides necessary products (milk, meat, eggs) for nutrition of domestic population. Also, livestock production provides raw materials for food industry (dairy plants, slaughterhouses, meat industry, conditory industry and leather industry). Livestock production is expected to provide high quality products for export, primarily beef and lamb meat. Chance/opportunity for export exists also for cheeses of high quality (especially sheep and goat cheeses) of defined origin and quality. Based on available data, current situation in livestock production is assessed as inviolable. Number of heads of all species of domestic animals and poultry has been constantly decreasing over the period of last 12 years. The greatest decrease of number of heads of livestock was recorded in years 2000, 2001 and 2002, in all species of domestic animals. During this period, number of cattle decreased by 18,6%, of pigs by 11,8%, sheep by 12,3%, number of goats by 54,1%, horses by 66,0% and poultry by 28,0%. So, by the end of 2007, number of cattle was 1.087.000, pigs 3.832.000, sheep 1.606.000, goats 149.000, horses 18.000 and poultry 16.422.000. Republic of Serbia will in its near future become member of European Union (EU) and World Trade Organization (WTO), which means that livestock production should prepare for competition on unique developed market, without any state trade barriers. Serbia has been preparing for this since 2006 when it signed bilateral agreement on free trade with neighbouring countries - Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and in this way became part of the market and accepted the competition rules on the free market. Accession to EU and WTO includes liberalization of trade in livestock products, low possibility for import protection, implementation of quality standards (HACCP; ISO, Global GAP), reduction of the level of domestic support, discontinuing of export subsidies, increase of profitability and ability to be competitive on the international market.
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Rabula, Ronald A. "Economic Effects of a Countervailing Duty Order on the U.S. Lamb Meat Industry." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 26, no. 1 (April 1997): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106828050000085x.
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This paper provides the model, analysis, and results of the investigative research by the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) staff on the U.S. lamb market impacts from the countervailing duty (CVD) order imposed on certain U.S. imports of New Zealand lamb meat during 1985–90. Presented here are the monthly three-stage least squares model of the U.S. lamb meat industry at the wholesale or meat-packing level, along with the econometric results and analyses obtained from the USITC investigation. Analysis of model results quantifies average estimated CVD-attributed effects on U.S. lamb price, demand and supply of domestically produced lamb, and U.S. lamb import levels. A number of economic parameter estimates and inference results concerning U.S. wholesale lamb market relationships are reported and are of interest, given the scarce published research on the U.S. lamb industry.
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Szűcs, István, and Viktoria Vida. "Global tendencies in pork meat - production, trade and consumption." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 11, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2017/3-4/15.
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World meat production is anticipated to stagnate in 2016, rising by a mere 0.3% to 320.7 million tonnes. Increases in output are expected in the United States, Brazil, the EU, India and the Russian Federation, while reduced production is foreseen for China, Australia and South Africa. Global meat trade is forecast to recover in 2016, growing by 2.8% to 30.6 million tonnes, which would represent a return to trend, after a fall in 2015. World production of pig meat in 2016 is forecast to decrease marginally, by 0.7% to 116.4 million tonnes, thus registering a second year of virtual stagnation. As in 2015, lower output in China, which accounts for almost half the world total, is the main reason for the slowdown. An unfavourable feed-pork price ratio in the country and new environmental regulations have caused farmers to reduce breeding sows, stalling growth. China’s production is projected to be 54 million tonnes, down 2.5% from the previous year. Elsewhere in Asia, the Philippines and Vietnam could boost output. Also, production in Japan and the Republic of Korea may expand, as the industry recovers from outbreaks of PED, which reduced piglet numbers in the previous two years. Recovery from the effects of PED has been faster in the United States, where a second year of growth is anticipated, when production could increase by 1.9% to a record 11.3 million tonnes. Output in Mexico also continues to recover, following a PED outbreak in 2014, and may rise in 2016 by 2.0% to 1.3 million tonnes. Pork meat trade could experience a second year of growth, increasing by 4.4% to 7.5 million tonnes – a record level. Lower international prices have stimulated trade. Most of the principal importing countries are anticipated to increase their purchases, including Mexico, China, the Russian Federation, the United States, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Australia. In response to rising demand, exports are projected to grow, in particular those of the United States, Canada, the EU and Brazil (FAO, 2016). Summarizing, in this study we wish to examine how evolve the world pork meat production, trade and consumption, and to demonstrate the main consuming countries, highlighting the role of China, as it is the most populated country in the world with its 1.4 billion inhabitants.
JEL Code: Q13, Q12
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atkins, p. j. "Taste, trade and technology: the development of the international meat industry since 1840 – Richard Perren." Economic History Review 60, no. 1 (February 2007): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00381_31.x.
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Horowitz, R. "Richard Perren. Taste, Trade and Technology: The Development of the International Meat Industry since 1840." Enterprise and Society 8, no. 2 (May 25, 2007): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/khm031.
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Minh, Doan Nguyen, Le Thi Viet Nga, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, and Pham Minh Dat. "Vietnam’s Meat Import Market Under Impacts Of The European -Vietnam Free Trade Agreement And Quality Management Demand." Management 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0061.
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Abstract The impact of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on commercial business of the member could be assessed by the potential and tangible effects. This paper is adopted by Partial equilibrium theory and SMART tool to measure the impact of EVFTA on the Vietnamese meat import (HS code 02). The result of this model is claimed that EVFTA has a huge impact on boosting the meat import from EU to Vietnam. However, the value of import in this category from European nations in each country and good fluctuated significantly. This study also proposes some measures for domestic businesses and the government to ensure the benefits on Vietnam’s livestock industry. Last but not least, meat quality management is one of vital issues under EFVTA and global competitiveness to meet higher expectation of consumers. Good food (meat) manufacturing practices need to be applied. That is the social contribution value of this paper.
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Tul-Krzyszczuk, Agnieszka, and Paweł Jankowski. "The Impact of Innovation on the Global Competitiveness of Polish Meat and Dairy Enterprises." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 19(34), no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2019.19.1.11.
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The aim of the study was to analyse innovations implemented in the milk and meat industries, and their impact on increasing competitiveness. The study showed that the 2010-12 period saw the most product and process innovations being introduced. On the other hand, innovations in marketing were found to be more popular in 2013. Three groups of similar innovations were distinguished. The milk industry stood out when it comes to the extent of innovations implemented. Fewer innovations were found in the poultry meat industry. Beef and pork meat processing was the least innovative. The innovativeness of enterprises is greater with larger numbers of employees and the increase in scope of their field of operation. The implementation of innovations resulted in: improvement of the quality of goods (services), increase in stock, productive capabilities and revenues from sales, emergence of new markets, increase in competitiveness and prestige of the firm. Those are confirmed by the very good performance of foreign trade and better competitiveness rates of Polish meat producers.
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Chifamba, Ronald T., and Ojijo Odhiambo. "An Analysis of the Potential of Manufacturing and Services Sectors as Drivers of Economic Growth and Development in Namibia." Business and Management Studies 1, no. 2 (August 19, 2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v1i2.1046.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the potential of the manufacturing and services sectors as drivers of economic growth in Namibia. The paper uses the intersectoral linkage analysis method to identify the industries with the greatest backward and forward linkages. The economy-wide impact of these industries is simulated further using a CGE model. The greatest backward linkages for manufacturing industries were found in meat processing, fish processing, grain milling, basic metals and construction. The greatest backward linkages for the tertiary industries were found in trade and repairs, hotels and restaurants, finance and insurance, and other private services. The greatest forward linkages for manufacturing industries were found in paper and printing, chemicals and rubber, fabricated metals and machinery, and electricity generation and distribution. The greatest forward linkages for tertiary industries were found in transport, communication, finance and insurance, and market real estate and business services. These, therefore, are the sectors that policies could target as they have greatest impact and could enable Namibia to achieve higher levels of growth. Further, simulation results are obtained from a CGE model by introducing direct exogenous increases in the output of the perceived key industries and examining the economy-wide feedback effects.
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Burrell, Alison. "Animal Disease Epidemics: Implications for Production, Policy and Trade." Outlook on Agriculture 31, no. 3 (September 2002): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101294001.
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The outbreak of a highly infectious animal disease in a disease-free area is an ever-present risk. Recent epidemics in European livestock populations illustrate that the cost in terms of eradication, lost production and trade disruption may be high. In this paper, the implications for the meat and livestock industry, government policy and international trade rules are considered. The need for strict biosecurity and effective contingency plans is stressed. Options such as private insurance, animal tracing systems and emergency vaccination are discussed. Current measures for controlling animal disease epidemics raise various social and ethical issues that complicate the policy makers' task.
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Horn, Henrik, and Petros C. Mavroidis. "US – Lamb: United States – Safeguard Measures on Imports of Fresh, Chilled or Frozen Lamb Meat from New Zealand and Australia: What Should be Required of a Safeguard Investigation?" World Trade Review 2, S1 (2003): 72–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745603001071.
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The United States (US) imposed, in July 1999, a safeguard on lamb meat, in the form of tariff rate import quotas, which were to be applied for a period of three years. The measure was based on findings by the US International Trade Commission that increased imports of lamb meat were a substantial cause of threat of serious injury to the US industry producing the like product. Following complaints by New Zealand and Australia that the measure was inconsistent with Articles I, II and XIX of GATT 1994, and several provisions of the Agreement on Safeguards, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body established, in November 1999, a panel to review the consistency of the US measure with the mentioned WTO rules.
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HORN, HENRIK, and PETROS C. MAVROIDIS. "US – Lamb United States – Safeguard Measures on Imports of Fresh, Chilled or Frozen Lamb Meat from New Zealand and Australia: what should be required of a safeguard investigation?" World Trade Review 2, no. 3 (November 2003): 395–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745604001521.
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The United States (US) imposed, in July 1999, a safeguard on lamb meat, in the form of tariff rate import quotas, which were to be applied for a period of three years. The measure was based on findings by the US International Trade Commission that increased imports of lamb meat were a substantial cause of threat of serious injury to the US industry producing the like product. Following complaints by New Zealand and Australia that the measure was inconsistent with Articles I, II and XIX of GATT 1994, and several provisions of the Agreement on Safeguards, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body established, in November 1999, a panel to review the consistency of the US measure with the mentioned WTO rules.
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Djunaidi, Harjanto, and Andrew C. M. Djunaidi. "The Economic Impacts of Avian Influenza on World Poultry Trade and the U.S. Poultry Industry: A Spatial Equilibrium Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 39, no. 2 (August 2007): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800023014.
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Simulation results showed that simultaneous outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Asia, the United States, Brazil, and selected European countries will have significant impacts on world poultry trade. Assuming demand for chicken meat is constant, the global export price is simulated to increase by 9.63%. HPAI outbreaks in the United States, Economic Union, and Brazil will have a greater impact on export price than in any other possible three-region case. Outbreaks in the United States and Brazil would still lead to major impacts on world poultry trade, confirming large country effects.
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Ellies-Oury, Marie-Pierre, Jean-François Hocquette, Sghaier Chriki, Alexandre Conanec, Linda Farmer, Marie Chavent, and Jérôme Saracco. "Various Statistical Approaches to Assess and Predict Carcass and Meat Quality Traits." Foods 9, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040525.
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The beef industry is organized around different stakeholders, each with their own expectations, sometimes antagonistic. This article first outlines these differing perspectives. Then, various optimization models that might integrate all these expectations are described. The final goal is to define practices that could increase value for animal production, carcasses and meat whilst simultaneously meeting the main expectations of the beef industry. Different models previously developed worldwide are proposed here. Two new computational methodologies that allow the simultaneous selection of the best regression models and the most interesting covariates to predict carcass and/or meat quality are developed. Then, a method of variable clustering is explained that is accurate in evaluating the interrelationships between different parameters of interest. Finally, some principles for the management of quality trade-offs are presented and the Meat Standards Australia model is discussed. The “Pareto front” is an interesting approach to deal jointly with the different sets of expectations and to propose a method that could optimize all expectations together.
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McWatters, Cheryl S., and Peter Foreman. "Reaction to World War I constraints to normal trade: the meat-packing industry in Canada and Australia." Accounting History 10, no. 2 (July 2005): 67–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103237320501000204.
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Chung, Chanjin, Tong Zhang, and Derrell S. Peel. "Effects of Country of Origin Labeling in the U.S. Meat Industry with Imperfectly Competitive Processors." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 38, no. 3 (December 2009): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500009655.
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The study examines the impacts of implementing mandatory country of origin labeling (COOL) on producer and consumer welfare in the U.S. meat industry. The equilibrium displacement model developed in this study includes twenty-nine equations representing retail-, processing-, and farm-level equilibrium conditions for the beef, pork, and chicken industries. Unlike previous studies, the model allows trade between domestic- and foreign-origin products and considers the imperfectly competitive market structure of meat processers. Empirical results show that without a significant increase in domestic meat demand, producers are not expected to benefit from the mandatory COOL implementation. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicate that consumers tend to bear more COOL costs than producers, as the own-price elasticity becomes more inelastic, and that producers’ benefits increase as the elasticity of domestic demand becomes more elastic with respect to the price of imported products. The existence of market power in upstream and downstream markets of processors negatively affects both consumer and producer surplus. One implication of our findings is that U.S. beef and pork producers’ promotion and advertising programs would be successful in expanding domestic demand when the programs make the own-price elasticity of domestic demand more inelastic and the cross-price elasticity of domestic demand more elastic with respect to import price.
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DuBois, Thomas David. "Many roads from pasture to plate: a commodity chain approach to China’s beef trade, 1732–1931." Journal of Global History 14, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022818000335.
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AbstractThe advent of refrigerated transport made fresh beef a global commodity, linking South American and Australian producers to hungry consumers in Europe and North America. With vast supplies of cattle, and growing markets in Japan, Russia, and beyond, China was the last great frontier of this global transformation. Rather than a single export trade, China’s beef industry was a complex and multidirectional network of producers, processors, and consumers, its many production chains each facing distinct commercial, logistic, and political challenges. This article examines three such chains, the Qing-era caravan trade that drove live sheep and cattle to Beijing, the Harbin meat-packing industry that grew up around the Russian China Eastern Railway, and Japanese-dominated export of beef from Qingdao. A cross-section of these issues shows how the industry as a whole adapted to the new pressures and opportunities of globalization, as well as those presented by technology, foreign investment, imperialism, and war.
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POST, ROBERT C. "Regulatory Perspective of the USDA on the Use of Antimicrobials and Inhibitors in Foods." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 13 (December 1, 1996): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.13.78.
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ABSTRACT The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is directly involved in the changes occurring in food ingredient use. FSIS responds to petitions from industry, trade groups, academia, and other research organizations for the use of new ingredients and the new use of existing ingredients in meat and poultry products. The agency confirms the safety and evaluates the technical efficacy of food ingredients intended for use in meat or poultry products. While FSIS maintains its own list of approved substances separate from that maintained by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), FSIS seeks guidance and concurrence from FDA on ingredient approvals. Several trends have spurred the creativity in ingredient use, viz., globalization, labeling reform, a “marketing quality” concept, and industry and consumer concerns for safe, healthy ingredients, all of which translates to safe and healthy foods. The trend for safe and healthy foods is seen in the increased interest in the use of preservatives, particularly antimicrobial agents. To date, only a limited number of antimicrobial substances have been approved for direct use in meat and poultry products. However, there is a growing interest in antibacterial substances produced by certain strains of bacteria, e.g., nisin, a bacteriocin, for use in meat and poultry products. The use and application of these ingredients will require an integrated review by both FSIS and FDA before applications to meat and poultry are possible.
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Conanec, Alexandre, Brigitte Picard, Denis Durand, Gonzalo Cantalapiedra-Hijar, Marie Chavent, Christophe Denoyelle, Dominique Gruffat, Jérôme Normand, Jérôme Saracco, and Marie-Pierre Ellies-Oury. "New Approach Studying Interactions Regarding Trade-Off between Beef Performances and Meat Qualities." Foods 8, no. 6 (June 7, 2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8060197.
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The beef cattle industry is facing multiple problems, from the unequal distribution of added value to the poor matching of its product with fast-changing demand. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interactions between the main variables, evaluating the nutritional and organoleptic properties of meat and cattle performances, including carcass properties, to assess a new method of managing the trade-off between these four performance goals. For this purpose, each variable evaluating the parameters of interest has been statistically modeled and based on data collected on 30 Blonde d’Aquitaine heifers. The variables were obtained after a statistical pre-treatment (clustering of variables) to reduce the redundancy of the 62 initial variables. The sensitivity analysis evaluated the importance of each independent variable in the models, and a graphical approach completed the analysis of the relationships between the variables. Then, the models were used to generate virtual animals and study the relationships between the nutritional and organoleptic quality. No apparent link between the nutritional and organoleptic properties of meat (r = −0.17) was established, indicating that no important trade-off between these two qualities was needed. The 30 best and worst profiles were selected based on nutritional and organoleptic expectations set by a group of experts from the INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research) and Institut de l’Elevage (French Livestock Institute). The comparison between the two extreme profiles showed that heavier and fatter carcasses led to low nutritional and organoleptic quality.
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Matošková, D., and J. Gálik. "Selected aspects of the internal and external competitiveness of Slovak agricultural and food products." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 2 (February 18, 2009): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/579-agricecon.
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The article describes the competitiveness of Slovak agricultural and food products after the accession of the Slovak Republic into the EU. The analysis has shown that even despite the increased subsidization and full liberalisation of trade, the competitiveness of our products still needs to develop. The main reason behind this is the poor efficiency of production and the lack of innovation activities. Most agricultural commodities are profitable only because of subsidies. Processing industry is the main contributor to the worsening deficit of trade balance. Specific commodities with good sales potential in the EU market include cereals, malt, wheat flour, dairy products, live cattle and sheep meat.
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Wagner, Ines, and Bjarke Refslund. "Understanding the diverging trajectories of slaughterhouse work in Denmark and Germany: A power resource approach." European Journal of Industrial Relations 22, no. 4 (December 2016): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680116682109.
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Germany and Denmark are among the world’s largest exporters of meat products. Two decades ago their labour markets were similar, but since then they have diverged significantly. The industry in Denmark has maintained high wages and good working conditions, while in Germany there has been a rapid growth in precarious employment, with widespread use of subcontracted and posted migrant workers. We argue that the key explanation for this radical difference is the power position of the trade unions, which also affects how employers position themselves. We show how trade union power embedded in the local and sectoral industrial relations systems influences the wages and working conditions in German and Danish slaughterhouses.
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Pereira, Thales A. Zamberlan. "Was it Uruguay or coffee? The causes of the beef jerky industry's decline in southern Brazil (1850 - 1889)." Nova Economia 26, no. 1 (April 2016): 7–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/3005.
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Abstract: What caused the decline of beef jerky production in Brazil? The main sustenance for slaves, beef jerky was the most important industry in southern Brazil. Nevertheless, by 1850, producers were already worried that they could not compete with Uruguayan industry. Traditional interpretations attribute this decline to the differences in productivity between labor markets; indeed, Brazil utilized slave labor,whereas Uruguay had abolished slavery in 1842. Recent research also raises the possibility of a Brazilian "Dutch disease",which resulted from the coffee export boom. We test both hypotheses and argue that Brazilian production's decline was associated with structural changes in demand for low-quality meat. Trade protection policies created disincentives for Brazilian producers to increase productivity and diversify its cattle industry.
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MALDONADO-SIMAN, E., R. BERNAL-ALCÁNTARA, J. A. CADENA-MENESES, J. R. ALTAMIRANO-CÁRDENAS, and P. A. MARTINEZ-HERNÁNDEZ. "Implementation of Quality Systems by Mexican Exporters of Processed Meat." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 2148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-003.
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Requirements of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) are becoming essential for international trade in food commodities as a safety assurance component. This research reports the level of the adoption of ISO 9000 and the HACCP system by Federal Inspection Type (TIF) pork-exporting enterprises. Implementation and operating costs are reported as well as the benefits involved in this food industry process. In Mexico, there are 97 companies classified as TIF enterprises, and 22 are registered as exporters of processed pork with the National Services for Safety and Quality and Animal Health of the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food. Surveys were administered to 22 companies, with a 95.2% response rate. Enterprise characteristics were evaluated, as well as their operating activities. Fieldwork consisted of administering structured questionnaires to TIF exporters. All the surveyed enterprises had implemented HACCP, whereas the ISO 9000 regulation was applied in only 30%. Of total production, 75% is exported to 13 countries, and 25% goes to the Mexican market niche. Results indicate that the main factors for adopting HACCP are related to accessibility to international markets, improving quality, and reducing product quality audits by customers. The results also indicated that staff training was the most important issue. Microbiological testing was the highest cost of the operation. The main benefits reported were related to better access to international markets and a considerable reduction in microbial counts. This study shows the willingness of Mexican pork processors to implement food safety protocols for producing safe and quality products to compete in the international food trade.
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Kudumija, Nina, and Helga Medić. "Količina dodane vode u mesu peradi s hrvatskog tržišta." Meso 20, no. 2 (2018): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/m.20.2.1.
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The amount of water added in poultry meat from the Croatian market This paper presents the results of amount absorbed or added water in poultry meat from the Croatian market. Samples of fresh chicken and turkey meat (n = 36) were sampled during 2016. and 2017. from various agricultural holdings, crafts, industry and trade chains in Croatia. In each sample, the ratio of total water (WA) and total protein (RPA) is calculated. Determination of above parameters and interpretation of results were in accordance with Commission Regulation (EC) No. 543/2008 of 16 June 2008 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No. 1234/2007 as regards the marketing standards for poultry meat. Accredited standard methods were applied for determination of total water and total proteins. Out of 36 analyzed samples, seven samples which are representing 19.4% of the total number of analyzed samples, was not comply with maximum allowed ratio of total water and protein (W/RP) prescribed by Regulation (EC) No. 543/2008 for poultry meat. The results of this research indicate on the possibility of water addition in the fresh poultry meat producing process and also need for the systematic control with the aim of ensuring quality and providing consumers with objective information of the market products.
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Willis, Evan. "TRADE UNION REACTION TO TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: THE INTRODUCTION OF THE CHAIN SYSTEM OF SLAUGHTERING IN THE MEAT EXPORT INDUSTRY." Prometheus 3, no. 1 (June 1985): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109028508628970.
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LaPlante, Gabriel, Sonja Andrekovic, Robert G. Young, Jocelyn M. Kelly, Niki Bennett, Elliott J. Currie, and Robert H. Hanner. "Canadian Greenhouse Operations and Their Potential to Enhance Domestic Food Security." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061229.
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Food security is a growing societal challenge. The pressure to feed a projected global population of 9.6 billion by 2050 will continue to be limited by decreasing arable land. The recent disruptions in international trade resulting from responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance of regional self-reliance in food production. While Canada is highly self-reliant in food categories such as meat and dairy, the nation relies heavily on international imports to fulfill fresh vegetable demands. In potential future scenarios where international trade faces disruptions, Canadian food security could be at risk. By providing local sources of fresh foods year-round, the greenhouse vegetable industry holds strong potential to overcome future food supply shortages and could become a critical contributor to self-sustainable food production in Canada. Many challenges, however, surround the Canadian greenhouse industry. Some challenges include the persistence and spread of infectious plant pathogens and forecasted labour shortages. Opportunities to alleviate such challenges include introducing more diverse commodity groups and integrating innovative technologies to accelerate efficiency within the industry. In this commentary, we examine the current state of the Canadian greenhouse industry, explore potential challenges, and highlight opportunities that could promote food security across the nation.
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Rajcsanyi, Vinklerne Klara. "Changes in the Livestock of Hungarian Pig Farming and its Position in International Trade (Part II)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n7p29.
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The present paper aims to describe the dire conditions of the Hungarian pig farming sector struggling on the one hand with fluctuating fodder prices and the unpredictable conditions of production resulting in high overheads on the other. A direct consequence of the above is a perpetually nagging liquidity problem which slows down planned developments. Some pig farming ventures believe that strict hygiene regulations and high fodder prices render animal farming unprofitable and decide to stop pig farming altogether. According to some of the actors in the sector the pig industry is in a fatal state. It causes a problem for the domestic meat processes plants that are forced to import a significant proportion of their raw material. Another acute and constant problem for the industry is the access to loan capital, especially because they are unable to provide the collateral normally required by credit institutions from companies applying for credit. A new categorisation might help to solve this problem making capitalisation of agrarian producers easier by granting preferential treatment to investorslike regional , venture capital group sand the so-called business angels, without the businesses losing their entrepreneur status(Vinkler, 2006). In the first part it was presented the 2004-2013 period, the details of the pig industry and the situation of the pig population changes. In the second part the structure and evolution of the foreign trade situation of the Hungarian pork pig industry is presented.
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Boscha, Elika, Evy Arida, and Donan Satria Yudha. "Dorsal Colour Patterns of Asian Water Monitor, Varanus salvator Collected for Trade in Cirebon, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology 3, no. 2 (July 4, 2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46359/jte.v3i2.43.
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The Asian water monitor, Varanus salvator, has been exploited for its skin and meat in Indonesia. We found evidence of trade on this species in the greater Cirebon area in the province of Jawa Barat and linked the trade to raw skin supplies for local craft markets. Skins of water monitor distributed on Java were unique in their pattern, where a series of yellowish and dark grey scales that form a round shape called ocelli are arranged into two compact transverse bands on the back near the front limbs. This unique pattern found in our sample may be useful to identify the origin of skins collected for trade and the subsequent craft products. However, this pattern was absent in the craft products available for display in one of the warehouses visited for this study. On the other hand, we observed stockpiles of water monitor raw skins at the warehouses and found a slight difference in the dorsal color pattern. These raw skins in stock were lacking in “double banded” pattern on the dorsal side and were likely to be originated from other areas in Indonesia, possibly Sumatra or Kalimantan. Live animals for sale at the warehouses maybe used for other purposes than to supply materials for local craft industry, for example meat consumption or feed for catfish.
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Ignjatijević, Svetlana, Antoaneta Vassileva, Svetlana Tasić, Jelena Avakumović, and Marija Bešlin-Feruh. "Challenges of development of the processed food industry of Bulgaria in the context of European integration." Ekonomija: teorija i praksa 13, no. 4 (2020): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/etp2004018i.
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The subject of this research is the analysis of competitiveness of the Bulgarian food industry on the international market, with the aim of identifying changes in the export structure of products classified according to commodity groups (SITC Rev.3). In other words, the goal was to point out the sectors which are developing faster and have positive tendencies and influence on the overall competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy. The research used descriptive statistical data processing, the index of comparative advantage of exports - RCA and the index of specialization in foreign trade - GL index. The research results showed that in the analyzed period there were significant changes in the structure of exports, so the groups with leading positions in the initial year of analysis lost their position and were replaced by products of other commodity groups. An increase in the comparative advantage of exports was also confirmed in: Vegetable fats and oils; Cereals and other cereal products; Essential oils, perfumery; Meat and edible leftovers; Rice; Sugar, molasses and honey; etc. It was also established that the products with a pronounced intra-industrial character of exchange in 2017 were: Fruit and vegetable juices; Sugar products; Meat and edible residues; Bird eggs and yolks, egg whites; Butter and other fats obtained from milk, milk spreads, etc.
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Alvim, Augusto Mussi, and Eduardo Rodrigues Sanguinet. "Climate Change Policies and the Carbon Tax Effect on Meat and Dairy Industries in Brazil." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 9026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169026.
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This study analyzes the impacts of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the meat and dairy industries. To achieve this goal, the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database was used in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) setting, which allows for the inclusion of carbon taxes and the definition of four alternative environmental policies scenarios using both Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Global Temperature Potential (GTP) as GHG emissions measures. All scenarios analyze the main effects of carbon-based tax economic instruments on the industry and national production, trade, and emissions, comparing the results for different measures of GHG, GWP, and GTP from the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation System (SEEG) sectoral Brazilian emissions database. In contrast with other industries, relatively lower taxes on the meat and dairy industries seem to be the most adequate in terms of cost distribution in the Brazilian economic structure when only the GWP measure is considered. Urban activities and less-methane-intensive industries benefit from climate change policies designed using GWP-based rather than GTP-based carbon taxes. The article also highlights the importance of a gradual introduction of carbon taxes, allowing the most vulnerable industries a transition moment to adopt clean technologies and/or redirect economic activity to less-GHG-emitting segments.
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Smith, Robert, and Gerard McElwee. "The “horse-meat” scandal: illegal activity in the food supply chain." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 26, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-08-2019-0292.
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Purpose Food supply chain theory and practice generally assumes that the business practices and processes involved are ethical, legal and value-adding when this is not always so, as demonstrated by the ongoing 2013 horse-meat scandal. Although it is ostensibly a UK-based affair, it encompasses the meat processing industry across Europe. This study, thus, aims to examine supply chain criminality and to highlight “scandal scripts” which amplify underlying issues. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of extant literature on the scandal adds to that body of work, updating the existing narrative to include a detailed analysis of convicted “industry insiders”, highlighting supply chain issues involved in the frauds. Micro-stories of businessmen involved are presented to enable an empirical exploration of their illegal involvement in the meat trade. Using storied data from accounts of the scandal as contemporary examples, emerging themes and issues are outlined through a mixed methods qualitative approach consisting of ethical covert research, using documentary research strategy underpinned by narrative inquiry. Findings Media coverage perpetuated various myths notably that the fraud was carried out by “shadowy”, Eastern European “mafia figures” exploiting the extended food supply chains. The analysis is aided by the use of media hypothesis. Far from being a mafia-inspired fraud, the criminal activity was organised in nature and committed by insider businessmen. The findings demonstrate that supply chains are complex and require an understanding of storied business practices, including the ethical and illegal. Research limitations/implications From an academic perspective, there are implications such as the dearth of academic research and policy-related studies into food fraud possibly because of the difficulty in obtaining data because of access to such enterprises and entrepreneurs necessitating reliance upon documentary sources and investigative journalism. Practical implications There are distinct policy implications, particularly the need to legislate against international criminal conspiracies and everyday ordinary organised food frauds perpetuated. Lax penalties do little to prevent such crimes which need to be taken more seriously by the authorities, and treated as major crime. In formulating food laws, rules and regulations, greater cognisance should be taken to consider how supply chains in the food industry could be better protected from predatory criminal actions. Originality/value This novel qualitative study will enable academics and practitioners to better understand illegal enterprise, food fraud and risk management from both operational and supply chain perspectives and will be useful to investigators by furthering our understanding of entrepreneurial practice and morality in the food industry.
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Suárez, E., M. Morales, R. Cueva, V. Utreras Bucheli, G. Zapata-Ríos, E. Toral, J. Torres, W. Prado, and J. Vargas Olalla. "Oil industry, wild meat trade and roads: indirect effects of oil extraction activities in a protected area in north-eastern Ecuador." Animal Conservation 12, no. 4 (August 2009): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00262.x.
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Ulfah, Maria, Dyah Lintang Trenggonowati, and Fadila Zahra Yasmin. "Proposed supply chain risk mitigation strategy of chicken slaughter house PT X by house of risk method." MATEC Web of Conferences 218 (2018): 04023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821804023.
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Slaughter House PT X is a company engaged in the production, trade, and distribution of chicken meat that having a role to provide the needs of raw material in a form of fresh chicken meat in the chicken meat processing industry. However, this company has the potential to experience a variety of supply chain risk that can disrupt the company’s business processes. The purposes of this study are to identify risk events that have been potentially occurred, identify priority risk agent based on Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) value, and determine the priority sequence of a risk mitigation strategy in Slaughter House PT X. This study uses the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) to mapping the company’s supply chain activity. Thereafter House of Risk (HOR) method is used to identify, analyze, evaluate, and designing mitigation strategy to minimize potential occurrence of risk agent. The results of the study showed that there are 33 risk events and 32 risk agents identified. Then, based on the result of risk evaluation, there are 15 priority risk agents for mitigation action. There are 11 proposed mitigation strategies to be implemented in Slaughter House PT X.
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Elliott, Jake A. K., and Andrew S. Ball. "Selection of Industrial Trade Waste Resource Recovery Technologies—A Systematic Review." Resources 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10040029.
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Industrial wastewater and other trade wastes are often sources of pollution which can cause environmental damage. However, resource recovery approaches have the potential to lead to positive environmental outcomes, profits, and new sources of finite commodities. Information on these waste sources, and the valuable components which may be contained in such waste is increasingly being made available by public, academic and commercial stakeholders (including companies active in meat processing, dairy, brewing, textile and other sectors). Utilising academic and industry literature, this review evaluates several methods of resource recovery (e.g., bioreactors, membrane technologies, and traditional chemical processes) and their advantages and disadvantages in a trade waste setting. This review lays the groundwork for classification of waste and resource recovery technologies, in order to inform process choices, which may lead to wider commercial application of these technologies. Although each waste source and recovery process is unique, membrane bioreactors show promise for a wide range of resource recovery applications. Despite interest, uptake of resource recovery technologies remains low, or not widely championed. For this to change, knowledge needs to increase in several key areas including: availabilities and classification of trade wastes, technology choice processes, and industrial viability.