Journal articles: 'Meath (Ireland)'

1

Booker, Sparky. "Irish clergy and the diocesan church in the ‘four obedient shires’ of Ireland, c.1400–c.1540." Irish Historical Studies 39, no. 154 (November 2014): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400019052.

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In 1435 the Irish council complained to Henry VI that there is not left in the nether parts of the counties of Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Kildare, that join together, out of the subjection of the said enemies and rebels scarcely thirty miles in length and twenty miles in breadth, thereas a man may surely ride or go in the said counties to answer to the king’s writs and to his commandments.The letter was accompanied by a request that the king render payment due to the lord lieutenant Thomas Stanley for his service in Ireland, and also suggested that the king should travel to the colony to help fight off its enemies. Accordingly, the perilous state of English Ireland was almost certainly exaggerated to strengthen the arguments for financial and military support from the crown. Nevertheless this letter demonstrates that in the minds of the settler elite, which staffed the Irish council, the four counties of Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Kildare were the bastion of English rule in Ireland, beset, the council would have us believe, by enemies on all sides. This picture of the ‘four counties’ as the political, and to a certain extent the cultural, stronghold of Englishness in Ireland can be found in other contemporary sources, as the region was perceived as both distinct and distinctly English.

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Dowling, Ger. "Exploring the Hidden Depths of Tara’s Hinterland: Geophysical Survey and Landscape Investigations in the Meath–North Dublin Region, Eastern Ireland." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 81 (August 28, 2015): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2015.11.

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This paper explores how geophysical survey, undertaken in conjunction with landscape and historical analysis, is contributing to a deeper understanding of prehistoric focal centres and landscape organisation in the wider ‘hinterland’ of the Hill of Tara, Co. Meath. Arising out of the Discovery Programme’s ‘Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland’ (LIARI) Project, the present investigations targeted a number of prominent hilltop sites in the Meath–north Dublin region suspected, on the basis of archaeological, topographical, and early documentary evidence, to have been important ceremonial/political centres in later prehistory. Foremost among these are the Hill of Lloyd (Co. Meath), the location of a prehistoric enclosure overlooking the early monastic foundation at Kells; Faughan Hill (Co. Meath), the traditional burial place of Niall of the Nine Hostages; and Knockbrack (Co. Dublin), whose summit is crowned by a large, internally-ditched enclosure with central burial mound. The discovery through this multi-disciplinary study of additional large-scale enclosures, burial monuments, and other significant archaeological features serves to further corroborate the deep historical importance of these sites, and opens up new avenues for exploring such themes as territoriality, social organisation, and identity in the wider Tara region.

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Walshe, Helen Coburn. "Enforcing the Elizabethan settlement: the vicissitudes of Hugh Brady, bishop of Meath, 1563–84." Irish Historical Studies 26, no. 104 (November 1989): 352–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400010117.

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Why the Reformation failed in Ireland was, until recent years, a matter for little debate. That it failed was beyond question and that its failure was inevitable was a premise seldom challenged. For many Irish historians, the root of its failure lay in the unswerving faith of a gallant people who resisted the attempts of a conquering force to impose upon them a creed at once heretical and foreign. Indeed, it was not until Brendan Bradshaw initiated a whole new approach to the history of the sixteenth century that this kind of view began to be firmly discarded. Others, like Nicholas Canny and, more recently, Steven Ellis and Alan Ford, have joined Bradshaw in questioning some of the old orthodoxies. The result of these endeavours has been, above all, to uncover the fact that the course of the Reformation in Ireland and the reasons for its failure were infinitely more complex than we once believed and, rather unexpectedly, one of the most tantalising issues raised by the debates which Bradshaw’s work has provoked has been the problem of precisely when the Reformation may be said to have failed in Ireland. Bradshaw and Canny have conflicting answers to that question and some of them will be considered here.

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Anbinder, Tyler, and Hope McCaffrey. "Which Irish men and women immigrated to the United States during the Great Famine migration of 1846–54?" Irish Historical Studies 39, no. 156 (November 2015): 620–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2015.22.

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AbstractDespite the extensive scholarly literature on both the Great Famine in Ireland and the Famine immigration to the United States, little is known about precisely which Irish men and women emigrated from Ireland in the Famine era. This article makes use of a new dataset comprised of 18,000 Famine-era emigrants (2 per cent of the total) who landed at the port of New York from 1846 to 1854 and whose ship manifests list their Irish county of origin. The data is used to estimate the number of emigrants from each county in Ireland who arrived in New York during the Famine era. Because three-quarters of all Irish immigrants intending to settle in the United States took ships to New York, this dataset provides the best means available for estimating the origins of the United States’s Famine immigrants. The authors find that while the largest number of Irish immigrants came from some of Ireland’s most populous counties, such as Cork, Galway, and Tipperary, surprisingly large numbers also originated in Counties Cavan, Meath, Dublin, and Queen’s County, places not usually associated with the highest levels of emigration. The data also indicates that the overall level of emigration in the Famine years was significantly higher than scholars have previously understood.

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Day, John J., and A. John Richards. "Taraxacum pseudomarklundii, a south-western European species, native in South Devon (v.c.3)." British & Irish Botany 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33928/bib.2020.02.073.

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An enigmatic dandelion first collected in the UK in 2014 from a lanebank on Dartmoor (v.c.3) has been determined as Taraxacum pseudomarklandii (Soest), previously only known from north-west Spain and south-west France, an unusual biogeographic alliance in our Taraxacum-flora. It is triploid (2n = 24). This taxon has now been confirmed from several locations in South Devon and one site in Ireland (Meath, v.c.H22).

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Bulas, Ryszarda M. "Wysokie krzyże iryjskie a grobowce Edessy." Vox Patrum 55 (July 15, 2010): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4328.

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The author in the article refers to a broad discussion on the origin of ideas and artistic inspiration for Celtic crosses. She refers to a Hilary Richardson of the Armenian and Georgian origin of the concept of the Celtic cross, also to the results of her book The symbols of pagan Celtic crosses. Myths, symbols, images. In this book she indicates a cultural affinity of Ireland and the Syria. She points to the compositional and iconographic parallels between the Early Medieval Irish crosses and tombs mosaics of Edessa, dated to the III century. Reinforcing the thesis of H. Richardson, indicates the possibility of the existence an artistic tradition, in Late Antiquity and Early Medieval Syria, which is able to reach Ireland. She indicates the Celtic crosses, which have the most parallels with Syrian decoration (monasteries from Arboe, Monasterboice, Kells, Clones). The author concludes that they are grouped only in the Middle East of Ireland, in several counties (Louth, Meath, Monaghan, Tyron).

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7

Strogen, Peter, Gareth Li Jones, and Ian D. Somerville. "Stratigraphy and sedimentology of lower carboniferous (Dinantian) boreholes from West Co. Meath, Ireland." Geological Journal 25, no. 2 (April 1990): 103–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350250204.

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8

Tempest, Laura, Nick Teed, and Nancy Georgi. "Thomas Jervais and the East Window of Agher Parish Church, County Meath, Ireland." Glass Technology: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A 59, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13036/17533546.59.1.102.

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9

MOWAT, ROBERT J. C. "Shipwreck Inventory of Ireland: Louth, Meath, Dublin and Wicklow - Edited by Karl Brady." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 39, no. 2 (August 3, 2010): 460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2010.00290_15.x.

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10

Marshall, Alan. "Colonel Thomas Blood and the Restoration Political Scene." Historical Journal 32, no. 3 (September 1989): 561–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00012425.

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Thomas Blood was born in Sarney, county Meath in Ireland around the year 1618. The circumstances surrounding his early life are obscure but his father was said to have been a blacksmith and ironworker of ‘no inferior credit’. Blood's first real appearance in the historical record occurs during the survey taken in Ireland in the period 1654–6. In this he is listed as a protestant who had owned some 220 acres of land at Sarney since at least 1640. In between these dates, however, Blood had evidently undertaken some sort of military service. The evidence concerning this military service is both slight and contradictory and there is at least the possibility that his later claims about an army career were partly bogus, or certainly inflated to suit his particular company.

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11

Pickard, Neil A. H., Gareth Li Jones, John G. Rees, Ian D. Somerville, and Peter Strogen. "Lower Carboniferous (Dinantian) stratigraphy and structure of the Walterstown-Kentstown area, Co. Meath, Ireland." Geological Journal 27, no. 1 (January 1992): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350270105.

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12

Gibson, Paul J., and Dorothy M. George. "Geophysical investigation of the site of the former monastic settlement, Clonard, County Meath, Ireland." Archaeological Prospection 13, no. 1 (January 2006): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arp.265.

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13

Briggs, C. Stephen. "A Historiography of the Irish Crannog: The Discovery of Lagore as Prologue to Wood-Martin's Lake Dwellings of Ireland of 1886." Antiquaries Journal 79 (September 1999): 347–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500044565.

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The nineteenth century development of Irish crannog studies, attitudes to archaeological research and traits in public and private artefact collecting are examined through the parts played by several leading antiquaries and institutions in the 1839 discovery and later exploitation of Lagore, near Dunshaughlin, County Meath. Connections between Irish and Swiss antiquaries are noted, and contemporary attitudes to their respective ‘lake dwelling’ discoveries contrasted.

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14

Hartland, Beth. "Vaucouleurs, Ludlow and Trim: the role of Ireland in the career of Geoffrey de Geneville (c. 1226–1314)." Irish Historical Studies 32, no. 128 (November 2001): 457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400015212.

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In 1252 Geoffrey de Geneville married Matilda de Lacy, the elder coheiress of Meath and Weobley, thereby becoming lord of Trim in Ireland and Ludlow in the Welsh March. By birth, however, this second son of Simon, lord of Joinville, was the lord of Vaucouleurs in Champagne and was thus an ‘exotic’ figure to find involved in late thirteenth-century Ireland. While Geoffrey was not alone in being a landowner in Ireland with continental origins, since he was part of what Robert Bartlett calls the ‘aristocratic diaspora’ — the movement of western European aristocrats from their homelands into new areas where they settled in order to augment their fortunes — he was exceptional in that he was the most successful figure to emerge in Ireland as a result of Henry III’s tendency to invest foreigners from the court circle with lands in outlying areas. This pattern has been described as a policy by H. W. Ridgeway, who saw an intention to secure potentially troublesome border regions as one reason behind Henry’s distribution of peripheral patronage to ‘aliens’; and, indeed, Geoffrey numbered himself among the upright men of different nationalities placed in Ireland by the descendants of Henry II in order to bring the island to the obedience of the English king and to conserve the peace. The success that Geoffrey made of his grant of Trim related to the ‘secure nature’ of that particular lordship. However, that cannot be the whole story. There is no firm evidence that either William de Valence or Geoffrey de Lusignan, Henry III’s half-brothers, or the Savoyard knight Otto de Grandison, members of the Poitevin and Savoyard entourages of Henry III and the Lord Edward and the recipients of grants in the securely held areas of Wexford, Louth and Tipperary respectively, ever visited the lordship of Ireland in spite of their receipt of valuable lands there.

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15

McElhinney, C., M. Danaher, C. Elliott, and P. O’Kiely. "Mycotoxin occurrence on baled and pit silages collected in Co. Meath." Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 54, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2015-0010.

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AbstractRecent studies of baled silages produced in Ireland have identified considerable filamentous fungal contamination. Many of these fungi are toxigenic, capable of producing secondary metabolites, namely mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are potentially detrimental to livestock health and some can pose a risk to consumers of animal products. Baled (n=20) and pit (n=18) silages from a sample of farms (n=38) in Co. Meath were examined to assess the occurrence of mycotoxins and ascertain whether sampling position within the pit silos (feed face vs. 3 m behind the feed face) has an effect on mycotoxin content or other chemical compositional variables. Of the 20 mycotoxins assayed, baled silages contained [mean of positive values (no. of values in mean)] mycotoxin concentrations (μg/kg dry matter) of beauvericin 36 (2), enniatin (enn.) A 9.3 (3), enn. A154 (8), enn. B 351 (9), enn. B1136 (10), mycophenolic acid (MPA) 11,157 (8) and roquefortine C (Roq. C) 1037 (8) and pit silages contained beauvericin 25 (2) enn. A118 (2), enn. B 194 (9), enn. B157 (3), MPA 287 (6), Roq. C 3649 (6) and zearalenone 76 (1). There was no difference (P>0.05) observed in the mycotoxin concentrations between baled and pit silages, and 11 of the 20 mycotoxins assayed were below the limits of detection. The position of sampling had no effect on the mycotoxin concentration detected in pit silages. It is concluded that mycotoxin concentrations detected in these pit and baled silages in Co. Meath did not exceed EU regulation or guidance limits, and that similar chemical composition and mycotoxin concentration values occurred at the pit silage feed face and 3 m behind this feed face.

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Prendergast, Kate. "Knowth passage-grave in Ireland: An instrument of precision astronomy?" Journal of Lithic Studies 4, no. 3 (November 15, 2017): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v0i0.1921.

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Knowth is one of three large monuments at the Neolithic complex in the bend of the River Boyne in County Meath, Ireland. The others are Newgrange and Dowth. All three have obvious solar alignments but whereas the alignment to the winter solstice sunrise at Newgrange has been extensively researched and interpreted, little has been attempted regarding the way that astronomy functions at Knowth and Dowth. This paper treats the evidence for solar and lunar alignments at Knowth. Knowth has two internal passages with entrances at the east and west. The paper draws on new surveys as well as interpretations of the evidence at Knowth that includes rock art engraved on kerbstones around the circumference. Particular engravings on kerbstone K52 are interpreted as depicting astronomical cycles. It is argued that, while Knowth’s passages function in relation to the equinoxes, they are not internally orientated to match exactly the equinoctial directions. Rather, it seems that they may have been constructed and used to facilitate the harmonisation of the solar and lunar cycles - much in the same way as does the equinoctial Judeo-Christian festival of Easter. The paper concludes by suggesting that like Newgrange, Knowth may be an astronomical instrument that enabled its builders and users to construct accurate calendars and counting systems, which in turn facilitated calculated planning and was a fundamental structuring principle for their ritual lives and cosmological beliefs.

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17

Frazer, William O. "Field of Fire: Evidence for Wartime Conflict in a 17th-Century Cottier Settlement in County Meath, Ireland." Journal of Conflict Archaeology 3, no. 1 (November 2007): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157407807x257421.

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18

Healy, David. "In conversation with Tom Lynch." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 2 (February 1992): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.2.65.

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Professor Lynch was born in Dublin in 1922. From 1953 to 1961 he was Staff Psychiatrist, St Patrick's Hospital, Dublin, and Consultant Psychiatrist to Meath Hospital, Dublin. He was Resident Medical superintendent at St Otteran's Hospital, Waterford from 1961 to 1968. From 1968 to 1990 he was Professor of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. He has been Chairman and Clinical Director of the Eastern Health Board, Chairman of the Irish Psychiatric Training Committee and Chairman of the Irish Division of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He was a member of Council of the Royal College of Psychiatrists from 1980 to 1984, Junior Vice-President of the Royal College of Psychiatrists from 1981 to 1982 and Senior Vice-President from 1982 to 1983. He served on the College's Court of Electors from 1983 to 1988.

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Fyodorov, Sergey E., and Feliks E. Levin. "Reflections on the Medieval and Early Modern Insular Identities." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 4 (2020): 1336–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.420.

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The article reflects on the monograph by Sparky Booker Cultural exchange and identity in late medieval Ireland: The English and the Irish of the four obedient shires (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018) which offers a revised perspective on the issue of assimilation and acculturation in late medieval Ireland on the basis of the material of the four obedient shires: Dublin, Meath, Louth, and Kildare. The scholar presents a complex and multi-faceted image of interethnic interplay in the region distinguishing between cultural and legal dimensions. She demonstrates that cultural practices were not the main resource of identity in the late medieval Ireland in which political allegiance and descent were prioritized. She highlights two aspects: the discursive level and the level of everyday interaction. Despite the obvious merits of the book, the material presented there requires more theoretical consideration of the issue of medieval identities. The authors of the article argue that the situation of interethnic interplay in the four obedient shires described by Booker could have been suitable for the emergence of consensual identity. Having coined this term, the authors define it as the type of identity which originates in the situation of interethnic interplay; entails intercultural switching; and has supragentile character, i.e., not insisting on common descent. The discourse of consensual identity did not emerge in the four shires during the period under consideration because of the absence of common subjecthood of the English and the Irish as well as prevalence of gentilism but its full potential was realized during the Early Stuarts.

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20

Brown, Daniel. "Select document: a charter of Hugh II de Lacy, earl of Ulster, to Hugh Hose (2 March 1207)." Irish Historical Studies 38, no. 151 (May 2013): 492–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400001619.

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In 1206, the year after he was created earl of Ulster by King John, the forces of Hugh II de Lacy (d. 1242) devastated the ecclesiastical civitas of Armagh for ten successive days and nights. Then, turning southwest into Monaghan, de Lacy laid waste ‘Teach Damhnata’ (Tydavnet), ‘Ceall Muragáin’ (Kilmore), and Clones, before striking northwards into Tír Eógain. There, he attacked Tullaghoge, seat of the king of Cenél nEógain, Áed Méith Ua Néill (d. 1230), reaching as far north as Ciannachta (bar. Keenaght, County Londonderry). This campaign, undertaken with the ‘Foreigners of Meath and of Leinster’, was followed up in the beginning of 1207 with another assault on Armagh around St Brigid’s day (1 February), which was severe enough to prompt Eugenius (Echdonn mac Gilla Uidir), archbishop of Armagh (d. 1217), to cross to the court of King John in order to ‘succour the churches of Ireland and to accuse the Foreigners’.

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21

LYNCH, J. P., P. O'KIELY, and E. M. DOYLE. "Yield, nutritive value and ensilage characteristics of whole-crop maize, and of the separated cob and stover components – nitrogen, harvest date and cultivar effects." Journal of Agricultural Science 151, no. 3 (April 13, 2012): 347–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859612000342.

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SUMMARYThe objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate, harvest date and maize cultivar on the yield, quality and the subsequent conservation characteristics of whole-crop, cob and stover silages. The experiment was organized in a spilt-plot design, with harvest date (15 September, 6 October and 27 October) as the main plot, and a three (maize cultivars: Tassilo, Andante and KXA 7211)×two (N application rate: 33 and 168 kg N/ha) factorial arrangement of treatments as the sub-plot, within three replicate blocks, and was conducted at Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland in 2009. The three harvest dates represented early, normal and late harvests, respectively, for a midland site in Ireland. Of the three maize cultivars selected, cvars Tassilo and Andante represent conventional cultivars sown by commercial livestock farmers in Ireland, while cvar KXA 7211 is categorized as a high biomass cultivar. No effect of N application rate was observed on the dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value or ensiling characteristics of maize whole-crop or cob. Whole-crop and stover harvested on the later date had a lower digestible DM (DDM) content and the silages underwent a more restricted fermentation, compared to silages produced from herbage harvested on earlier dates. Cob silages produced from crops harvested on 15 September had lower DDM content and higher DM loss during ensiling than later harvest dates. Despite higher whole-crop DM yields, the later maturing cultivar KXA 7211 did not improve the DM yields of cob and also resulted in increased DM losses from the ensilage of cob, when compared with the other cultivars. In addition to the DM yield and nutritive value of forage maize at harvest, the subsequent fermentation profile during ensilage influences the optimum choice of cultivar and date for crop harvest in a maize silage production system.

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McNestry, A., and J. G. Rees. "Environments and palynofacies of a Dinantian (Carboniferous) littoral sequence: the basal part of the Navan group, navan, country meath, Ireland." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 96, no. 3-4 (October 1992): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(92)90102-b.

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23

Carey Bates, Rhiannon, and Tadhg O’Keeffe. "Colonial Monasticism, the Politics of Patronage, and the Beginnings of Gothic in Ireland: The Victorine Cathedral Priory of Newtown Trim, Co. Meath." Journal of Medieval Monastic Studies 6 (January 2017): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.jmms.5.115437.

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24

Bartlett, Thomas. "Select documents XXXVIII: Defenders and Defenderism in 1795." Irish Historical Studies 24, no. 95 (May 1985): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400034271.

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Secret societies in Ireland in the period 1760 to 1845 have recently been the subject of an extraordinary amount (by Irish standards) of scholarly interest. The Whiteboys, Hearts of Oak, Steelboys, Rightboys, United Irishmen, Caravats, Rockites and Ribbonmen have all had their historians and various interpretations have been put forward to explain the rise of these societies and the nature of the violence they perpetrated. However, the Defenders, the secret society that dominated the 1790s and the immediate post-union period, have been relatively neglected. Admittedly some important contributions have been made recently to their history: Mr J.G.O. Kerrane has made a study of the Defenders in County Meath; Professor David Miller has investigated the origins of the society in County Armagh; Dr Marianne Elliott has explored the implications for future Irish republicanism of the 1796 alliance between the non-sectarian United Irishmen and the avowedly catholic Defenders; and Dr Tom Garvin has traced the lines of continuity between Defenderism and the later Ribbonism. Nonetheless, it remains true that there is as yet no comprehensive account of the movement and much about it remains obscure. The documents published below shed light on the organisation, aims and activities of the Defenders on the eve of their alliance with the United Irishmen. They also illustrate the complex web of archaic and modern forces that comprised ‘Defenderism’

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Bermingham, Nora. "Going Over the Same Old Ground? Archaeological Re-survey of a Raised Mire at Kinnegad, Co. Meath, Ireland: Implications for the Accurate Identification of Archaeological Sites." Journal of Wetland Archaeology 16, no. 1 (January 2016): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2016.1260908.

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Kelly, Brendan D. "James Maguire: Formerly Clinical Director and Consultant Psychiatrist at St Bridget's Hospital, Ardee, County Louth, and Department of Psychiatry, Our Lady's Hospital, Navan, County Meath, Ireland." Psychiatric Bulletin 32, no. 6 (June 2008): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.021063.

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The life and career of Jim Maguire were defined by the qualities that characterised Jim himself: devotion to family and friends, dedication to patient care, and a sense of adventure that was entertaining, thought-provoking and insightful. It was a privilege to know him.

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Ryan, Saskia E., Linda M. Reynard, Quentin G. Crowley, Christophe Snoeck, and Noreen Tuross. "Early medieval reliance on the land and the local: An integrated multi-isotope study (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C, δ15N) of diet and migration in Co. Meath, Ireland." Journal of Archaeological Science 98 (October 2018): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.08.002.

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Fiaschi, Simone, Eoghan Holohan, Michael Sheehy, and Mario Floris. "PS-InSAR Analysis of Sentinel-1 Data for Detecting Ground Motion in Temperate Oceanic Climate Zones: A Case Study in the Republic of Ireland." Remote Sensing 11, no. 3 (February 10, 2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030348.

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Regions of temperate oceanic climate have historically represented a challenge for the application of satellite-based multi-temporal SAR interferometry. The landscapes of such regions are commonly characterized by extensive, seasonally-variable vegetation coverage that can cause low temporal coherence and limit the detection capabilities of SAR imagery as acquired, for instance, by previous ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT missions. In this work, we exploited the enhanced resolution in space and time of the recently deployed Sentinel-1A/B SAR satellites to detect and monitor ground motions occurring in two study areas in the Republic of Ireland. The first, is a ~1800 km2 area spanning the upland karst of the Clare Burren and the adjacent mantled lowland karst of east Galway. The second, is an area of 100 km2 in Co. Meath spanning an active mine site. The available datasets, consisting of more than 100 images acquired in both ascending and descending orbits from April 2015 to March 2018, were processed by using the Permanent Scatterer approach. The obtained results highlight the presence of small-scale ground motions in both urban and natural environments with displacement rates along the satellite line of sight up to −17 mm/year. Localized subsidence was detected in recently built areas, along the infrastructure (both roads and railways), and over the mine site, while zones of subsidence, uplift, or both, have been recorded in a number of peatland areas. Furthermore, several measured target points indicate the presence of unstable areas along the coastline. Many of the detected movements were previously unknown. These results demonstrate the feasibility of adopting multi-temporal interferometry based on Sentinel-1 data for the detection and monitoring of mm-scale ground movements even over small areas (<100 m2) in environments influenced by temperate oceanic climate.

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MORE, S. J., I. AZNAR, D. C. BAILEY, J. F. LARKIN, D. P. LEADON, P. LENIHAN, B. FLAHERTY, U. FOGARTY, and P. BRANGAN. "An outbreak of equine infectious anaemia in Ireland during 2006: Investigation methodology, initial source of infection, diagnosis and clinical presentation, modes of transmission and spread in the Meath cluster." Equine Veterinary Journal 40, no. 7 (November 2008): 706–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516408x363305.

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SCULLION, ROISIN, CLARE S. HARRINGTON, and ROBERT H. MADDEN. "Prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in Raw Milk and Retail Raw Meats in Northern Ireland." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.8.1986.

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A 1-year study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in raw milk and retail raw meats on sale in Northern Ireland. Retail raw poultry samples (n = 94), pork samples (n = 101), and beef samples (n = 108) were obtained from supermarkets in Northern Ireland, and raw milk samples (n = 101) were kindly provided by the Milk Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Presumptive arcobacters were identified by previously described genus-specific and species-specific PCR assays. Arcobacter spp. were found to be common contaminants of retail raw meats and raw milk in Northern Ireland. Poultry meat (62%) had the highest prevalence, but frequent isolations were made from pork (35%), beef (34%), and raw milk (46%). Arcobacter butzleri was the predominant species isolated from retail raw meats and was the only species isolated from raw milk samples. Arcobacter cryaerophilus was detected less frequently, and Arcobacter skirrowii was detected only as a cocontaminant. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Arcobacter spp. prevalence in a diverse range of products of animal origin in Northern Ireland.

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Mahaney, W. C. "The Boyne Valley in the Ice Age R.T. MEEHAN and W.P.WARREN Publisher Meath County Council and Geological Survey of Ireland, 1999 (84 pp) IR � 5 ISBN 1-899702-20-2." Journal of Quaternary Science 15, no. 5 (2000): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1417(200007)15:5<559::aid-jqs507>3.0.co;2-w.

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Crofton, Emily C., Anne Markey, and Amalia G. M. Scannell. "Consumers' expectations and needs towards healthy cereal based snacks." British Food Journal 115, no. 8 (August 2, 2013): 1130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2011-0213.

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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine consumers' perceptions and expectations towards healthy snacks, with particular emphasis on the cereal snack market, and to explore new areas of opportunities for healthy snacks by identifying consumer needs and wants.Design/methodology/approachSix focus group discussions were conducted to generate attitudinal data across three different adult consumer groups.FindingsResults revealed that consumers expected a healthy snack to contain low levels of calories, fat, salt and sugar, and to contain high levels of whole‐grain, oats, bran, nuts, seeds, pulses and fruit, e.g. blueberries, cranberries, gogi berries. Additionally, healthy snacks were required to be free from any artificial colours, sweeteners and flavours. Major factors encouraging healthy snack consumption included reduced risk of weight gain, diabetes, heart burn and bloating. Conversely, perceived taste, portion size, the lack of available convenient nutritional snacks, accessibility and confusion over the credibility of the “healthy product” tag were the main factors preventing healthy consumption in the adult population examined. Consumers expressed a desire for a wider choice of filling snacks with specific health benefits for a variety of usage occasions, particularly those with associated health claims such as “high fibre”, “omega 3 for mental health” and “reduces cholesterol”.Research limitations/implicationsThe study sample size was not extensive and was limited to a small geographical spread of Dublin and Meath on the East coast of Ireland. A more representative sample of the entire Irish population could be the basis for further research.Practical implicationsThese findings increase the understanding of current expectations of the Irish adult consumer regarding healthy snack foods. They also highlight the potential new product development opportunities for snack food manufacturers to explore.Originality/valueThe present paper focuses specifically on healthy snacks and contributes to a limited amount of existing literature by providing consumer research for the development of new healthy snack foods.

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Martell, Jessica. "Food Sovereignty, the Irish Homestead, and the First World War." Modernist Cultures 13, no. 3 (August 2018): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2018.0219.

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At the outbreak of the First World War, George Russell (Æ) published a series of editorials in the Irish Homestead calling for Ireland to secure food reserves against the demands he predicted Britain would make upon Irish agricultural sectors to fuel the war effort. Irish agriculture, Russell writes, is part of a peculiar market shaped by empire: ‘Ireland is a food producing nation’; and yet ‘a machinery of export […] automatically deducts’ Irish cattle, pork, butter, milk, poultry, and eggs, ‘week by week’, while ‘week by week’ bacon, meat, flour, and other goods are imported. The machinery of war, it is implied, could easily disrupt these trade channels and trigger a scarcity crisis. Such an event would not be caused by an actual food shortage but by the unpredictable pressures of wartime markets, in which what Russell calls ‘famine prices’ would deplete food reserves. By analyzing Russell's strategic deployment of the language of colonial economics, this article argues that Russell recirculates the cultural memory of Ireland's Great Famine within Revivalist discourse in order to protest the conscription of Ireland's food reserves, rallying support for co-operatives as a matter of national defense. Co-operation dispels perceptions of Ireland as a quaint backwater of sleepy farms and reveals a competing vision of rural modernity that contrasts sharply with the terrifying military technologies and sense of a traumatic break with the past that typically anchor understandings of modernity in the era. For Russell, securing food sovereignty through self-sufficient, decentralized cooperatives could secure political sovereignty for the modern Irish nation, providing a blueprint for a new social order as geopolitical categories were re-constellated by global conflict.

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Flynn, Mary AT, Clare M. O'Brien, Gemma Faulkner, Cliona A. Flynn, Magda Gajownik, and Sarah J. Burke. "Revision of food-based dietary guidelines for Ireland, Phase 1: evaluation of Ireland's food guide." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 3 (September 14, 2011): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002072.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate Ireland's food-based dietary guidelines and highlight priorities for revision.DesignEvaluation with stakeholder input. Energy and nutrient intake goals most appropriate for Ireland were determined. Advice from Ireland's food guide was translated into 4 d food intake patterns representing age and gender groups from 5 to 51+ years. Nutritional content of the food patterns was compared with identified goals and appropriateness of food advice was noted. Feedback from stakeholders was obtained on portion size of foods within the Bread, Cereal and Potato group and of portion descriptors for meat and cereal foods.SettingGovernment agency/community.SubjectsGeneral population aged 5+ years, dietitians/nutritionists (n 44) and 1011 consumers.ResultsGoals were identified for energy, macronutrients, fibre, Fe, Ca and vitamin D. Goals not achieved by the food patterns included energy, total fat, saturated fat, fibre and vitamin D. Energy content of food portions within the Bread, Cereal and Potato group varied widely, yet advice indicated they were equivalent. Dietitians/nutritionists agreed with the majority of consumers surveyed (74 %, n 745) that larger portion sizes within the Bread, Cereal and Potato group were more meaningful. ‘Palm of hand’ as a descriptor for meat portions and a ‘200 ml disposable cup’ for quantifying cereal foods were preferred.ConclusionsRevision of the guidelines requires specific guidance on energy and vitamin D intakes, and comprehensive advice on how to reduce fat and saturated fat and increase fibre intakes. Advice should use portion descriptors favoured by consumers and enlarged portion sizes for breads, cereals and potatoes that are equivalent in terms of energy.

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Cosgrove, Meadhbh, Albert Flynn, and Máiréad Kiely. "Impact of disaggregation of composite foods on estimates of intakes of meat and meat products in Irish adults." Public Health Nutrition 8, no. 3 (May 2005): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004692.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the disaggregation of composite foods on intake estimates of meat and individual meat categories and on the contribution of meat to nutrient intakes in Irish adults.DesignData were analysed from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey, which used a 7-day food diary to estimate food intake. Of 742 food codes that contained meat, 320 were codes for meat consumed as an individual portion and 422 were composite foods and were disaggregated to estimate the meat content.SubjectsA nationally representative sample of 475 men and 483 women (not pregnant or lactating) from the Republic of Ireland aged 18–64 years.ResultsThe mean intake of meat was 134 g day−1in consumers (98.5%) and men (168 g day−1) consumed significantly more (P< 0.001) than women (102 g day−1). Mean intakes of meat were higher in subjects with manual skilled occupations (P< 0.01) and lower in those with third-level educational qualifications (P< 0.05). Without disaggregating meat from composite foods, meat intake was overestimated by 43% (57 g day−1) and varied widely by meat category. Meat disaggregated from composite foods contributed 25% of meat intake. The contribution meat made to nutrient intakes ranged from 29% for protein, vitamin B12, zinc and niacin to 20% for vitamin D, 16% for vitamin B6, 15% for thiamine and 14% for iron.ConclusionsFailure to disaggregat meat from composite foods substantially overestimates meat intake, with a large variation between meat categories. This has important implications for estimates of meat intakes in nutritional epidemiological studies and for food safety purposes.

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Eogan, George. "Newgrange, Co. Meath, Ireland. The Late Neolithic/Beaker Period Settlement. By Michael J. O'Kelly, Rose M. Cleary and Daragh Lehane; edited by Claire O'Kelly. 29.5 × 21 cm. Pp. xi + 170, 72 figs., 12 pls. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports (International Series, 190), 1983. ISBN 0-86054-243-2. £10.00." Antiquaries Journal 65, no. 2 (September 1985): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500027359.

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McGowan, MJ, KE Harrington, M. Kiely, PJ Robson, MBE Livingstone, and MJ Gibney. "An evaluation of energy intakes and the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate (EI/BMRest) in the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 5a (October 2001): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001185.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine energy intakes (El), their ratio to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMRest) and the contribution of food groups to energy intake in the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey.Design and settingRandom sample of adults from the populations of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Food intake data were collected using a 7-day food diary. Body weight and height were measured and EI/BMRest was calculated from reported energy intake and estimated basal metabolic rate. Dieting practices were assessed as part of a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsMean energy intake in men was 11.0 MJ and in women was 7.6 MJ, which is comparable to reported energy intakes in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland over a decade ago. Mean EI/BMRest was 1.38. This increased to 1.42 after the exclusion of dieters and those who were unwell, but still remained less than the established cut-off of 1.53. EI/BMRest was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in men than in women and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing BMI in both sexes. The four food groups that contributed 50% of energy in men and women were meat and meat products, breads and rolls, potatoes and potato products, and biscuits, cakes, pastries and puddings.ConclusionsEnergy intakes have not changed remarkably in Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland in the last 10 years, but the mean EI/BMRest of 1.38 suggests that energy underreporting occurred. EI/BMRest was lower in women and in the overweight/obese. Additional multivariate analysis of the data is needed to identify more clearly subgroups of the population reporting lower than expected energy intakes and to evaluate the effect of low energy reporting on the consumption of various foods and food groups.

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McAfee, A. J., E. Duffy, G. Cuskelly, A. Fearon, J. Wallace, M. Bonham, B. W. Moss, and S. Strain. "Finishing diets used in beef and lamb production in Northern Ireland: results of a questionnaire survey." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029768.

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Ruminant feeding regimes that include grass finishing are known to increase the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) content of beef and lamb. By contrast, concentrate finishing produces meat with increased n-6 PUFA concentrations. There is strong evidence that increasing the ratio of n-3: n-6 PUFA in the diet has beneficial effects for human health. In Northern Ireland, it is likely that feeding regimes are predominantly grass-based; therefore beef and lamb could contain appreciable amounts of n-3 PUFA. However, an analysis of types of finishing diets used by farms in Northern Ireland has not been done. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of grass and concentrate finishing in farms in Northern Ireland.

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Harrington, KE, MJ McGowan, M. Kiely, PJ Robson, MBE Livingstone, PA Morrissey, and MJ Gibney. "Macronutrient intakes and food sources in Irish adults: findings of the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 5a (October 2001): 1051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001186.

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AbstractObjectiveTo describe macronutrient intakes and food sources of the adult population in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland and to assess adherence of this population to current dietary recommendations.DesignA cross-sectional food consumption survey collected food intake data using a 7-day food diary.SettingNorthern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland between October 1997 and October 1999.SubjectsOne thousand three hundred and seventy-nine adults aged 18–64 years (662 males and 717 females).ResultsMean daily energy intakes in men were 11 MJ per day, 15.5% was derived from protein, 34.8% from fat, 43.5% from carbohydrate and 5.9% from alcohol. Corresponding figures for women were 7.6 MJ per day, 15.6%, 35.6%, 45.1% and 3.5%. When alcohol energy was excluded the contribution of fat and carbohydrate to energy did not differ between men and women. When compared with existing dietary recommendations, 93% of men and 86% of women had protein intakes above the Population Reference Intake. Two approaches were used to assess adherence to the fat and carbohydrate dietary recommendations: (1) the proportion of individuals in the population attaining these dietary targets and (2) the proportion of the population that was included in a 'compliers' group which had a group mean equal to these dietary targets. Thirty-three per cent of men and 34% of women met the target of 35% of food energy from fat and 78% of men and 80% of women comprised the ‘compliers’ group having a group mean of 35% of food energy from fat. Twentythree per cent of men and 27% of women met the target of 50% of food energy from carbohydrate and 56% of men and 62% of women made up the 'compliers' group. Meat and meat products were the main source of fat (23%) and protein (37%), and bread and rolls (25%) were the main source of carbohydrate.ConclusionA reduction in dietary fat intake remains an important public health issue in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. An increase in carbohydrate intake and attention to the rise in alcohol intake is also warranted.

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Hamilton, CJ, and JJ Denham. "EMERALD MEATS LTD v (1) MINISTER FOR AGRICULTURE (2) IRELAND (3) ATTORNEY GENERAL (4) GOLDSTAR MEATS (5) RANGELAND MEATS LTD." European Law Reports 1, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 420–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/elr.v1n4.420.

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BYRNE, B., A. M. MONAGHAN, J. G. LYNG, J. J. SHERIDAN, and D. J. BOLTON. "A CASE OF “BLOWN PACK” MEAT LINKED TOCLOSTRIDIUM ESTERTHETICUMIN IRELAND." Journal of Food Safety 29, no. 4 (November 2009): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2009.00182.x.

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Lively, F. O., T. W. J. Keady, B. W. Moss, D. C. Patterson, and D. J. Kilpatrick. "The effect of genotype, carcass weight and fat classification, and pelvic hanging technique on meat quality." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009704.

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Currently 53 and 47% of prime beef production in Northern Ireland originates from beef and dairy herds, respectively. The beef herd comprises of a diverse range of genotypes which result in major variability in carcass weights, conformation and fat classification. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of genotype, carcass weight and fat classification, and pelvic hanging technique on meat quality.

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Barker, M. E., S. I. McClean, K. A. Thompson, and N. G. Reid. "Dietary behaviours and sociocultural demographics in Northern Ireland." British Journal of Nutrition 64, no. 2 (September 1990): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19900034.

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Subjects aged 16–64 years (592; 258 men and 334 women), randomly selected from the population of Northern Ireland, kept a 7 d weighed record of all food and drink consumed. Social, personal and anthropometric data were also collected. From the weighed records food consumption was described in terms of forty-one food groups. Using principal components analysis, four distinct dietary patterns were generated which were identified as a traditional diet, a cosmopolitan diet, a convenience diet and a ‘meat and two veg’ diet. These dietary patterns were then correlated with sociocultural, lifestyle and anthropometric variables. It is clear that dietary behaviour is influenced by a number of inter-related sociocultural demographics and that identifiable population groups in Northern Ireland have different dietary behaviours.

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Bojnec, Štefan, and Imre Fertő. "Meat export competitiveness of European Union countries on global markets." Agricultural and Food Science 23, no. 3 (October 8, 2014): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.9373.

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The purpose of this research is to provide insight into the export competitiveness of meat products of the European Union (EU-27) member states on global markets. The revealed comparative advantage index is used to analyze the levels, compositions, and evolutions in patterns of development in the export competitiveness of meat products and their levels of stability at the product level. Except for some niche meat products, a larger number of the EU-27 member states have experienced comparative disadvantages on global markets over the analysed years of 2000 to 2011. The revealed comparative advantages on the global markets are the most robust for Ireland, Spain, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland, Cyprus and Hungary. The revealed comparative advantage indices and their survival rates differ across the meat product groups. The heterogeneity in export competitiveness of the EU-27 member states suggests the importance of the differentiation of meat products in competitive export specialization on global markets.

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McCartney, Daniel M. A., Katherine M. Younger, Joanne Walsh, Marie O'Neill, Claire Sheridan, and John M. Kearney. "Socio-economic differences in food group and nutrient intakes among young women in Ireland." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 11 (May 31, 2013): 2084–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513001463.

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The present study aimed to investigate socio-economic disparities in food and nutrient intakes among young Irish women. A total of 221 disadvantaged and seventy-four non-disadvantaged women aged 18–35 years were recruited. Diet was assessed using a diet history protocol. Of the total population, 153 disadvantaged and sixty-three non-disadvantaged women were classified as plausible dietary reporters. Food group intakes, nutrient intakes and dietary vitamin and mineral concentrations per MJ of energy consumed were compared between the disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged populations, as was compliance with dietary fibre, macronutrient and micronutrient intake guidelines. The disadvantaged women had lower intakes than the non-disadvantaged women of fruit, vegetables, fish, breakfast cereals, low-fat milk and wholemeal bread (allP< 0·001), yogurt (P= 0·001), low-fat spread (P= 0·002) and fresh meat (P= 0·003). They also had higher intakes of butter, processed red meats, white bread, sugar-sweetened beverages, fried potatoes and potato-based snacks (allP< 0·001) and full-fat milk (P= 0·014). Nutritionally, the disadvantaged women had higher fat, saturated fat and refined sugar intakes; lower dietary fibre, vitamin and mineral intakes; and lower dietary vitamin and mineral densities per MJ than their more advantaged peers. Non-achievement of carbohydrate (P= 0·017), fat (P< 0·001), saturated fat (P< 0·001), refined sugar (P< 0·001), folate (P= 0·050), vitamin C (P< 0·001), vitamin D (P= 0·047) and Ca (P= 0·019) recommendations was more prevalent among the disadvantaged women. Both groups showed poor compliance with Fe and Na guidelines. We conclude that the nutritional deficits present among these socially disadvantaged women are significant, but may be potentially ameliorated by targeted food-based interventions.

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Bonny, S. P. F., J. F. Hocquette, D. W. Pethick, I. Legrand, J. Wierzbicki, P. Allen, L. J. Farmer, R. J. Polkinghorne, and G. E. Gardner. "Willingness to pay for beef is highly transferrable between different consumer groups." Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, s1 (October 2017): s72—s75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017001753.

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Accurately quantifying a consumer’s willingness to pay (WTP) for beef of different eating qualities is intrinsically linked to the development of eating-quality-based meat grading systems, and therefore the delivery of consistent, quality beef to the consumer. Following Australian MSA (Meat Standards Australia) testing protocols, over 19 000 consumers from Northern Ireland, Poland, Ireland, France and Australia were asked to detail their willingness to pay for beef from one of four categories that best described the sample; unsatisfactory, good-every-day, better-than-every-day or premium quality. These figures were subsequently converted to a proportion relative to the good-every-day category (P-WTP) to allow comparison between different currencies and time periods. Consumers also answered a short demographic questionnaire. Consumer P-WTP was found to be remarkably consistent between different demographic groups. After quality grade, by far the greatest influence on P-WTP was country of origin. This difference was unable to be explained by the other demographic factors examined in this study, such as occupation, gender, frequency of consumption and the importance of beef in the diet. Therefore, we can conclude that the P-WTP for beef is highly transferrable between different consumer groups, but not countries.

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McKEE, ROSEMARY, ROBERT H. MADDEN, and ARTHUR GILMOUR. "Occurrence of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Dairy and Meat Processing Environments." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.9.1576.

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From June 1999 to June 2000, 480 environmental swabs were collected from two abattoirs in Northern Ireland. In addition, from July 1999 to July 2000, 420 samples originating from raw cow's milk were collected from two Northern Ireland dairies. All samples were examined for the presence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 with the use of selective enrichment in tryptone soya broth (TSB) and double-strength MacConkey broth purple (MBP) followed by immunomagnetic separation and selective plating onto sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime tellurite. Non-O157 VTEC was detected by selective enrichment in TSB-MBP and plating on MacConkey agar. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was also used to detect the presence of the VT1, VT2, and eae genes. Two (0.42%) of the 480 abattoir samples tested positive for VTEC; one isolate carried the VT2 gene only, and the other carried both the VT2 and the eae genes. Nine (2.14%) of the 420 dairy samples tested positive for VTEC; four carried the VT2 gene only, four carried both the VT2 and the eae genes, and one carried both the VT1 and the eae genes. These results indicate that the incidence of VTEC was low in the dairy and meat processing environment samples tested, and this finding may help to explain the low incidence of VTEC reported for the local human population.

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Hannon, EM, M. Kiely, KE Harrington, PJ Robson, JJ Strain, and A. Flynn. "The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey: mineral intakes in 18–64-year-old adults." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 5a (October 2001): 1081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001189.

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AbstractObjectiveTo measure mineral intakes and the contribution of different food groups to mineral intakes in adults aged 18–64 years in Ireland. Intakes are reported for Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu and Zn. The adequacy of mineral intakes in the population and the risk of occurrence of excessive intakes are also assessed.DesignFood consumption was estimated using a 7-day food diary for a representative sample (n = 1379; 662 men, 717 women) of 18–64-year-old adults in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland selected randomly from the electoral register. Mineral intakes (Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu and Zn) were estimated using tables of food composition.ResultsMean nutrient density of intakes was higher for women than men for Ca and Fe and increased with age for all minerals, except Ca for men and Fe for women. Meat and meat products were the major contributor to mean daily intakes of Zn (38%), P (23%), Fe (18%), Cu (15%) and Mg (13%); dairy products (milk, yoghurt and cheese) to Ca (44%), P (22%), Zn (14%) and Mg (11%); bread and rolls to Fe (21%), Cu (18%), Ca and Mg (17%), Zn (13%) and P (12%); potatoes and potato products to Cu (16%), Mg (14%) and Fe (10%); and breakfast cereals to Fe (13%). In women of all ages nutritional supplements contributed 7.6%, 4.4%, 3.6% and 2.2% of mean daily intake of Fe, Zn, Cu and Ca, respectively, while in men of all ages, nutritional supplements contributed 2.7%, 2.3%, 1.7% and 0.6%, respectively, to mean daily intakes of Fe, Zn, Cu and Ca. Adequacy of minerals intakes in population groups was assessed using the average requirement (AR) as a cut-off value. A significant prevalence of intakes below the AR was observed for Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn but not P. A higher proportion of women than men had intakes below the AR for all minerals. Almost 50% of 18–50-year-old females had intakes below the AR for Fe, while 23%, 23% and 15% of women of all ages had intakes below the AR for Ca, Cu and Zn, respectively. For men of all ages, 11%, 8% and 13% had intakes below the AR for Ca, Cu and Zn, respectively. There appears to be little risk of excessive intake of Ca, Mg, P, Cu or Zn in any age/sex category. However, 2.9% of women of all ages had intakes above the tolerable upper intake level for Fe (45 mg) due to supplement use.ConclusionAlmost 50% of women aged 18–50 years had Fe intakes below the AR and relatively high proportions of women of all ages had intakes below the AR for Ca, Cu and Zn. With the possible exception of iron intake from supplements in women, there appears to be little risk of excessive intake of minerals in the adult population. Meat and meat products, dairy products (milk, cheese and yoghurt), Keywords bread and rolls, potatoes and potato products and breakfast cereals are important Mineral intake sources of minerals; nutritional supplements make only a small contribution to Ireland mineral intakes in the population as a whole but may contribute significantly to Food consumption survey intakes among supplement users.

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Minchin, W., M. O. Donovan, D. A. Kenny, F. Buckley, L. Shalloo, and F. J. Monahan. "An evaluation of finishing strategies based on forage and concentrate for cull dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020263.

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Replacement rate on farms in Southern Ireland has increased from 16 per cent in 1990 to 27 per cent in 2003 or an increase of 0.8 per cent per year (Evans et al., 2004). Cull cow compromise about 38 per cent of all cattle slaughtered at Irish meat factories. Only 23% of total cows slaughtered in 2005 were killed in the first third of the year, 36% in the middle third and 41% killed in the final third, this indicates that there is an influx of unconditioned dairy cows from the milking herd at the end of the cow’s lactation. In Ireland, the average for all cull cow carcass weights is 282kg. This is considerably less than the average for other EU countries. It is especially low when compared to values in major cull cow markets such as France (343kg). The objective of this study was to evaluate four different finishing treatments for cull dairy cows based on grass silage and concentrate.

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Lively, F. O., T. W. J. Keady, B. W. Moss, D. C. Patterson, and A. Gordon. "A comparison of steers and heifers of the Charolais and Limousin breed for animal performance, carcass parameters and meat quality." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620002888x.

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The beef herd in the UK comprises of a diverse range in suckler cow genotypes and terminal sires (Keady et al., 2004a), which results in major variability in the animals presented for slaughter each day. Recent data indicates that Charolais and Limousin progeny account for over 65% of the beef animals slaughtered in Northern Ireland (APHIS, 2008). The objective of this study was to evaluate sire breed (Charolais or Limousin) and gender (steer or heifer) on performance during the finishing period, carcass parameters and meat quality.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Meath (Ireland)'

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