Academic literature on the topic 'MecA gene and PVL'
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Journal articles on the topic "MecA gene and PVL"
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Nakadomari, Giovana Hashimoto, Amanda Carmen Charalo, Ana Claudia Lemes Pavan, Vanessa Kelly Capoia Vignoto, Ricardo Antonio Pilegi Sfaciotte та Sheila Rezler Wosiacki. "MULTIPLEX-PCR FOR DETECTION OF β-LACTAM RESISTANCE IN Staphylococcus spp." Revista de Ciência Veterinária e Saúde Pública 6, № 2 (2019): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/revcivet.v6i2.45050.
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A Staphylococcus Multiplex PCR system was developed for the simultaneous detection of the mecA, mecC, blaZ (resistance genes of b-lactam resistance) and PVL (pathogenicity factor gene), associated with an internal reaction control with the 16S rRNA gene. There were used primers described in the literature with and without modification and designed primers to standardize the hybridization and amplification temperature of distinct bands with 139 bp (mecC), 228 bp (16S), 313 bp (mecA), 408 bp (PVL) and 516 bp (blaZ) of molecular weight. The standardization was performed in ATCC strains and Staphylococcus schleiferiand tested in 56 strains of Staphylococcusspp. The 16S gene (internal control) was amplified in all samples, mecA gene was detected in two samples, mecA associated with mecC gene in one sample, mecA associated to the blaZ gene in 14 samples and the blaZ gene in 15 samples. No resistance genes were amplified in 24 samples. The PVL gene was not amplified in any of the samples tested.
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Patil, Nilima R., and Ghorpade Mv. "ASSOCIATION OF VIRULENCE FACTOR (PANTON–VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN) WITH MECA GENE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.19080.
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Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the association between mecA gene and virulence genes such as pvl gene in strains of S. aureus and to determine the prevalence of the pvl gene in S. aureus isolates using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.Methods: A total of 200 non-repeated, confirmed clinical isolates of S. aureus were used from various departments. Cefoxitin (30 ug) disc diffusion method was used as phenotypic method for detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We used PCR amplification to test for the pvl and mecA gene in S. aureus isolates.Results: Of 200 strains of S. aureus isolated in our hospital, 60 (30%) were identified as MRSA based on cefoxitin disc diffusion method. These same 30 isolates were confirmed for mecA gene by PCR. All strains had mecA gene. All mecA positive strains of S. aureus were tested for pvl gene. Of 200 S. aureus, 123 (61.5%) strains were pvl positive. Among which 33 (55%) were pvl positive MRSA and 90 (64.28%) pvl positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains.Conclusion: The prevalence of the pvl among the MRSA isolates was found relatively higher in number among pus samples which indicate a possible key role of pvl in pathogenesis of pyogenic infections, especially skin and soft tissue infections in community setting.
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Alghizzi, Mashael J., Maysoon Alansari, and Ashwag Shami. "The Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Processed Food Samples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.03.
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Staphylococcus aureus mainly Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a life-threatening infection that occurring in food and caused a public health concern. This study designed to examine the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in different types of processed food. Food samples were screened for the recovered strains of S. aureus and MRSA, and they were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and by molecular characterization of mecA and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec). Detection of virulence factors like Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), Staphylococcus aureus protein A(spa) and Staphylococcal enterotoxins(SEs) by PCR using specific primers. Among the 150 collected processed food samples, 62.7% were contaminated by S. aureus bacteria, 56.4% of which were proved as MRSA. 17% of MRSA isolates were positive for mecA genes with the SCCmec type IVb and V (11.1% each) as the solely existing types of SCCmec. None of the MRSA isolates carried mecC or mecB genes. Most of MRSA isolates were multidrug resistance and 33.3% of MRSA-mecA positive isolates also carried vancomycin resistance genes (i.e., vanB). In addition, spa gene was found among 7.5% of MRSA isolates; none of which were positive for PVL gene. Further, there were variant presence of SEs among MRSA isolates and the highest presence was from type SEH (49.1%). Generally, our results confirmed that processed foods in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh) are potential vehicles for multidrug resistant S. aureus and MRSA transmission; which are serious public health risks, and underlined the need for good hygiene practices.
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Radosavljevic, V., Jadranka Zutic, Ljiljana Pavlovic, Tamara Boskovic, O. Radanovic, and M. Zutic. "Methods of detection and typing of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals." Veterinarski glasnik 68, no. 1-2 (2014): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1402089r.
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In this work there was evaluated the method of detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by using two molecular and three phenotypic tests in investigation procedure of 70 strains of S.aureus isolated from animals. Recent findings of the new mecA homologue, mecALGA251, minimise the significance of mecA gene presence detection as a confirmation method of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus identification. For this reason, along with multiplex PCR set of primers(165rDNK, nuc, mecA) for detection mecA gene, there was also used multiplex PCR set of primers (spa, mecA, pvl, mecALGA251) for differentiation mecALGA251 from mecA, with simultaneous detection of luk-PV and spa gene fragments. In all 70 investigated isolates there was detected the presence of specific 16 SrDNK fragment and nuc gene which encodes a thermostable S. aureus nuclease, while in 5 out of 70 S. aureus isolates, there was proven mecA gene presence using two multiplex PCR tests. In the investigated strains there was determined neither mecC (mecALGA251)gene presence, nor Panton Valentine Leukocidin encoding gene. By application cefoxitin disk-diffusion, latex-agglutination and two multiplex PCR tests, the identical results in identification 5 methicillin resistant out of 70 investigated S. aureus strains were obtained. In our investigation there was determined a complete correlation between the results of phenotypic and genotypic identification of methicillin resistant S. aureus.
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Onanuga, Adebola, Ocholi Jonathan Adamu, Babatunde Odetoyin, and Jabir Adamu Hamza. "NASAL CARRIAGE OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT PANTON VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN POSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS OF TUDUN-WADA, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA." African Journal of Infectious Diseases 15, no. 1 (2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajid.v15i1.3.
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Background: Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL)-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains have been implicated in serious community-associated invasive infections and their increasing multidrug resistance is a major global health concern. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of the PVL gene and the antimicrobial resistance profile of nasal S. aureus isolates from healthy adults in Tundu-Wada, Gombe State of Nigeria. Methods and Materials: A total of 262 nasal samples from healthy adults were obtained and cultured. The isolates were identified as S. aureus by standard morphological and biochemical methods alongside with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of their 16S rRNA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion technique and the presence of mecA and PVL genes was determined by PCR analysis. Results: The overall nasal colonization of S. aureus was 17.6%. The prevalence of haemolysin and biofilm production among the isolates was 25(54.3%) and 42(91.3%), respectively. Only 2(4.3%) and 5(10.9%) possessed mecA and PVL genes respectively but none of the isolates harboured these two genes. All the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin but were highly susceptible (93.7%) to gentamicin. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among the isolates was M 45.7% and all PVL-producing isolates were MDR while one of the isolates with mecA gene exhibited extensive-drug resistance (XDR). Conclusion: This is the first report of nasal colonization of MDR PVL-producing S. aureus in healthy adults in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria. This study highlights the importance of routine surveillance of healthy populations to provide useful strategies for controlling the spread of virulent multidrug-resistant organisms within the community.
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HORNER, C., L. UTSI, L. COOLE, and M. DENTON. "Epidemiology and microbiological characterization of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a single healthcare region of the UK, 2015." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 2 (2016): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002387.
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SUMMARYWe investigated the epidemiology and characterization of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus within the Yorkshire and Humber (YH) region in the UK. In July 2015, each laboratory within YH (n = 14) was assigned two consecutive days during which all clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibilities and the presence of genes encoding methicillin resistance (mecA and mecC), Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) (lukS-PV), and efflux-mediated chlorhexidine resistance (qacA); isolates were also characterized by spa-types. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to chlorhexidine were determined by the broth dilution method. Of 520 isolates collected, 6·2% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, all mecA-positive) and mupirocin resistance was low [0·8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·3–2·0] and only found in MRSA. Carriage of the qacA gene was identified in 1·7% (95% CI 0·8–3·3) of isolates and 3·5% (95% CI 2·2–5·4) had a chlorhexidine MIC of 4 mg/l. The PVL gene was infrequent (3·7%, 95% CI 2·4–5·6). Genotyping identified 234 spa-types that mapped to 22 clonal complexes. Comparison of these current data with previous work suggest that the widespread use of staphylococcal decolonization regimens over the past decade or more has not had an adverse impact on resistance rates, PVL carriage or the prevalence of specific S. aureus lineages.
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Víquez-Molina, Gerardo, Javier Aragón-Sánchez, Cristian Pérez-Corrales, Christian Murillo-Vargas, María Eugenia López-Valverde, and Benjamin A. Lipsky. "Virulence Factor Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Diabetic Foot Soft Tissue and Bone Infections." International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds 17, no. 1 (2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534734618764237.
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The aim of this study is to describe the presence of genes encoding for 4 virulence factors (pvl, eta, etb, and tsst), as well as the mecA gene conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, in patients with diabetes and a staphylococcal foot infection. We have also analyzed whether isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from bone infections have a different profile for these genes compared with those from exclusively soft tissue infections. In this cross-sectional study of a prospectively recruited series of patients admitted to the Diabetic Foot Unit, San Juan de Dios Hospital, San José, Costa Rica with a moderate or severe diabetic foot infection (DFI), we collected samples from infected soft tissue and from bone during debridement. During the study period (June 1, 2014 to May 31, 2016), we treated 379 patients for a DFI. S aureus was isolated from 101 wound samples, of which 43 were polymicrobial infections; we only included the 58 infections that were monomicrobial S aureus for this study. Infections were exclusively soft tissue in 17 patients (29.3%) while 41 (70.7%) had bone involvement (osteomyelitis). The mecA gene was detected in 35 cases (60.3%), pvl gene in 4 cases (6.9%), and tsst gene in 3 (5.2%). We did not detect etA and etB in any of the cases. There were no differences in the profile of S aureus genes encoding for virulence factors (pvl, etA, etB, and tsst) recovered from DFIs between those with just soft tissue compared to those with osteomyelitis. However, we found a significantly higher prevalence of pvl+ strains of S aureus associated with soft tissue compared with bone infections. Furthermore, we observed a significantly longer time to healing among patients infected with mecA+ (methicillin-resistant) S aureus (MRSA).
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Cvetnić, Luka, Marko Samardžija, Sanja Duvnjak, et al. "Multi Locus Sequence Typing and spa Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Milk of Cows with Subclinical Mastitis in Croatia." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (2021): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040725.
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Background: The bacterial species S. aureus is the most common causative agent of mastitis in cows in most countries with a dairy industry. The prevalence of infection caused by S. aureus ranges from 2% to more than 50%, and it causes 10–12% of all cases of clinical mastitis. Aim: The objective was to analyze 237 strains of S. aureus isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis regarding the spa, mecA, mecC and pvl genes and to perform spa and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Methods: Sequencing amplified gene sequences was conducted at Macrogen Europe. Ridom StaphType and BioNumerics software was used to analyze obtained sequences of spa and seven housekeeping genes. Results: The spa fragment was present in 204 (86.1%) of strains, while mecA and mecC gene were detected in 10 strains, and the pvl gene was not detected. Spa typing successfully analyzed 153 tested isolates (64.3%), confirming 53 spa types, four of which were new types. The most frequent spa type was t2678 (14%). MLST typed 198 (83.5%) tested strains and defined 32 different allele profiles, of which three were new. The most frequent allele profile was ST133 (20.7%). Six groups (G) and 15 singletons were defined. Conclusion: Taking the number of confirmed spa types and sequence types (STs) into account, it can be concluded that the strains of S. aureus isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis form a heterogenous group. To check the possible zoonotic potential of isolates it would be necessary to test the persons and other livestock on the farms.
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Iqbal, Muhammad Shaheen, Yasar Saleem, Farheen Ansari, et al. "Staphylococcus aureus carrying lukS/F Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) toxin genes in hospitals of Lahore city." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 09 (2018): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9633.
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Introduction: Panton Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) toxin is secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and is mostly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). This study aims to find out the prevalence of lukS/F-PV gene, which encode PVL toxin from strains of SSTI, burn wounds and nasal colonizers of out-patients and to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolates.
 Methodology: This is an analytical observational cross-section study and was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 at four tertiary care hospitals and PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 376 random clinical swabs were collected from SSTI (n = 179), nasal nares (n = 134) and burn wounds (n = 63) from out-patients’ departments (OPD). The specimens were cultured on nutrient and mannitol salt agar (MSA) and the organism was identified by catalase, coagulase, and DNase tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility, methicillin, inducible clindamycin, and high-level mupirocin (HLMR) resistance were determined as per CLSI guidelines. Molecular identification of mecA and lukS/F-PV genes was performed by PCR.
 Results: We isolated 127 S. aureus, where 41 (32.3%) were MRSA and 86 (67.7%) were MSSA. All MRSA carried mecA gene whereas lukS/F-PV gene was found in 21 MRSA and 31 MSSA strains. Overall, a high antimicrobial resistance was found against MRSA and lukS/F-PV positive MSSA. Inducible clindamycin and high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR) was 23.6% and 19.5% respectively.
 Conclusions: A high rate of PVL toxin gene was detected among S. aureus strains and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant strains was observed.
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Almousawi, Anas, and Abdullah Alhatami. "Isolation and molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases in broilers." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2020/0110204.
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Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a difficult problem in the poultry industry because it causes diseases that are difficult to treat due to the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics and their possession of a battery of virulence and resistance genes in addition to their ability to produce thick biofilms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted to collect a total of 53 samples from different clinical cases in broilers during the period from August 2019 to February 2020 in Al-Najaf and Karbala cities, The clinical isolates were determined by using the conventional standard biochemical tests. All the specimens cultured on blood agar medium supplemented with 5% blood for primary isolation and selected by using selective media mannitol salt agar (MSA) for confirmation the mannitol fermentation, then subjected to gram’s staining, catalase, oxidase, and further slide coagulase test, then all S. aureus isolates tested by antibiotic susceptibility test, and screened for the presence of mecA and mecC genes using PCR for the detection of MRSA isolates, then subjected to the detection of virulence genes (pvl and eta), antibiotic resistance gene (cfr), identification of integron class 1, biofilm formation assay, the multi-druge resistance profiles (MDR) and multible antibiotics resistance (MAR) indexes were calculated. Results: the isolation rate of S. aureus from the broilers' clinical samples was 37.7%. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 85% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotic tested. All 53 isolates were assessed for the presence of mecA and mecC genes by using PCR. The mecA gene-specific PCR product was seen in 7 (35%) isolates and considered as MRSA. Among all S. aureus isolates, two isolates were positive for the eta gene, and 15 (75%) isolates harboring integron class 1, while the biofilm formation test revealed that 7 (35%) was positive biofilm producers and three of them were strong producers, consequentlly, 13 (65%) of the isolates were resisted to three or more antibiotics and considered as MDR strains. While pvl, cfr, and mecC gene were not detected among S. aureus isolates. Conclusion: the current study revealed that S. aureus possess a real threat in the poultry industry reflecting a public health problem due to the large acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by these bacteria, the results indicated a high percentage of isolates having MDR characteristic, and two of them were resistant to all antibiotics tested. In addition to the presence of two MRSA isolates carrying the eta gene, this indicating that they are of human origin.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MecA gene and PVL"
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Alalem, Annour Mohamad. "Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection Studies In Hospitals." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609356/index.pdf.
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Clinical S. aureus strains were gathered from four hospitals, two in Turkey (Hacettepe hospital 200 strains and Ankara Hospital 106 strains) and the other two from Libya (Aljalla Hospital 88 strains and Jamahyria Hospital 62 strains). The clinical specimens were collected form different sources including blood, urine, wound, pus, burn, sputum, semen, catheter and aspiration. Patients were aged between 0 to 84 years and from both sexes. Resistance to Methicillin was determined by measuring the Oxacillin MIC<br>this was done by using the oxacillin E-test, with resistance defined as an MIC of ><br>2 µ<br>g ml. In this study all isolates displayed an Oxacillin MIC of &<br>#8805<br>256µ<br>g/ml. The MRSA strains were (56%) in Turkish hospitals, and (59%) in Libyan hospitals. The percentage of the VRSA and VISA in Libyan hospitals was (7%) and (26%) respectively, although the percentage of VRSA in Turkish hospitals was only 2% and there were no intermediately susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). Besides the MRSA isolates, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus showing Methicillin resistance was collected from clinical isolates in thirteen patients in Turkish hospitals. In both countries, the majority MRSA isolates were multiresistant to more than five classes of antibiotics including<br>Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin. Most of the MRSA isolates were from blood (68%), wounds (57%) and pus (50%).The results of genetic investigations indicated that the mecA gene was present in the majority of isolates in both countries<br>the community acquired MRSA type (ccr-BIV) was present in three samples out of thirty in Turkish hospitals and in one case out of twenty in Libyan hospitals<br>There was no case out of fifty specimens that carry the hospitals acquired MRSA type (ccr-BI, II, III) in both countries. Besides the Methicillin resistance gene, the incidence of Tetracycline resistance gene was quite high (tetM and tetK 50%) in Turkish hospitals isolates, and the prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin gene was high (PVL 70%) in Libyan hospitals specimens.
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Machado, Alice Beatriz Mombach Pinheiro. "Resistência à meticilina mediada pelo gene mecA nos staphylococcus spp coagulase negativa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10085.
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Os Staphylococcus spp coagulase negativa (SCoN) são reconhecidos como agentes etiológicos importantes de infecções humanas. A maioria dos países desenvolvidos relata um aumento de infecções nosocomiais por SCoN resistentes a meticilina e outros antibióticos. A resistência a meticilina é uma característica importante destas bactérias, porém difícil de detectar pelos métodos convencionais de suscetibilidade. Esta resistência é devido à presença de um elemento genético chamado staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec), que codifica o gene mecA. A identificação dos tipos de SCCmec é relevante para epidemiologia da resistência a meticilina dos Staphylococcus spp. Este estudo prospectivo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência do gene mecA e a distribuição dos tipos de SCCmec nos SCoN. Também foi avaliada a eficiência do teste de disco difusão com cefoxitina e oxacilina para caracterizar a resistência a meticilina mediada pelo gene mecA. Foram analisadas um total de 181 SCoN de hemoculturas. A prevalência do gene mecA entre estes isolados foi de 71,3%. A sensibilidade dos discos de cefoxitina e oxacilina para todas as espécies de SCoN foi de 100% e 98,4%, respectivamente, enquanto que a especificidade foi de 93% e 89,3%. As espécies mais prevalentes de SCoN foram S. epidermidis (64%), seguido pelo S. hominis (10%), S. haemolyticus (8,8%) e S. capitis (7,7%). A percentagem de isolados positivos para o gene mecA foi maior para S. haemolyticus (98,3%), seguido pelo S. epidermidis (75%) e S. hominis (72,2%). Entre os 129 isolados resistentes, 36 (27.9%) foram identificados com o SCCmec tipo I, 4 (3.0%) com o SCCmec tipo II, 67 (52%) com o SCCmec tipo III, 1 (0.8%) com o SCCmec tipo IV e 4 (3.0%) com os SCCmec tipos I e III. Dezessete isolados foram não tipáveis. O SCCmec tipo III foi o mais prevalente entre os isolados de S. epidermidis (52%). Entre estas cepas, 30 (23%) apresentaram um SCCmec tipo III modificado, que amplificou uma região dcs adicional. Os SCoN meticilina resistentes (MR-SCoN) mostraram um nível de resistência aos antibióticos não -lactamicos maior quando comparados aos SCoN meticilina suscetíveis (MS-SCoN). Os isolados com o SCCmec tipo III foram mais resistentes aos antibióticos não -lactamicos do que os isolados com SCCmec tipos I, II, e IV.<br>Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are now recognized as important etiological agents of infections in humans. Most developed countries have reported an increase in CoNS infection in hospitalized patients, which are resistant to methicillin and other antibiotics. The methicillin resistance is an important characteristic of these bacteria. Moreover, the resistance to methicillin may not be easily detected by conventional susceptibility methods. Methicillin resistance is due to the acquisition of a large DNA element termed staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), which harbored the mecA gene. The SCCmec typing is essential for understanding the molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp. This prospective study was aimed to determine the prevalence of mecA gene and the distribution of SCCmec types in CoNS. Also was evaluated the efficiency of the cefoxitin and oxacilin disk diffusion test to characterize the meticillin resistance mediated by the gene mecA. A total of 181 CoNS from bloodstream isolate were available for the study. The prevalence to mecA gene was 71.3%. The sensivity of oxacillin and cefoxitin disks for all CoNS species were 100% and 98.4% respectively, whereas the specificity were 93% and 89,3 %. The most prevalent SCoN species were: S. epidermidis 116 (64%) followed by S. hominis 18 (10%), S. haemolyticus 16 (8.8%) and S.capitis 14 (7.7%). The percentage of mecApositive isolates was highest for S. haemolyticus (93.8%), followed by S. epidermidis (75%) and S. hominis (72.2%). Among the 129 bloodstream isolates witch mecA gene, 36 (27.9%) harbored SCCmec type I, 4 (3.0%) harbored SCCmec type II, 67 (52%) harbored SCCmec type III, 1 (0.8%) harbored SCCmec type IV and 4 (3.0%) harbored SCCmec type I and III. Seventeen isolates were not typeable. The SCCmec type III was the most prevalent among the isolates of S. epidermidis (52%). Among these strains, 30 (23%) harbored a modified SCCmec type III, which contained, in contrast to regular type III, an additional dcs region. Methicillin resistant CoNS showed higher level of resistance to all non beta lactamics antimicrobials as compared to methicillin susceptible. The isolates with SCCmec type III were more resistant to non-beta lactamics antimicrobials than the isolates harboring SCCmec type I, II and IV.
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Balaky, Salah Tofik. "The effect of antibiotics on toxin gene expression in PVL-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/692/.
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Staphylococcus aureus is an extra-ordinarily versatile pathogen causing a wide spectrum of infections. The aims of this study are to analyze 10 clinical isolates of S. aureus from the UK by Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and determining their PVL-type variants. In addition to that, to study the effect of several antibiotics at sub inhibitory concentrations on a number of virulence factors at mRNA using quantitative PCR and protein levels using proteomic methods. Western blotting was used to study differential expression of Spa at protein levels. Data showed that the 10 clinical isolates belong to seven clonal complexes (CCs), which are CC1, CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30, CC88, and CC121. Genetic variation within lukSF-PV gene showed that three of these isolates were belong to the same PVL type variant of CA-MRSA USA300 strain, R variant. From which, two isolates were found to belong to the same CC of USA300, CC8. The remaining 7 isolates were found to belong to H variant. Data presented here showed that the sub-MIC levels of both cell wall inhibitors reduced lukSF-PV and spa steady-state mRNA levels when cells were grown in the presence of these antibiotics for one hour. However, after 5 hrs post antibiotic addition of these two antibiotics, vancomycin remained depressed lukSF-PV and spa steady-state mRNA levels as well as at protein levels, but oxacillin increased spa and lukSF-PV mRNA levels, as well as Spa at protein levels. Protein synthesis inhibitors clindamycin and linezolid were both caused an increase of lukSF-PV mRNA levels, but they both decreased spa mRNA levels, when cultures grown in the presence of these antibiotics for one hour. However, when cultures grown with these antibiotics for 5 hrs, clindamycin remained to increase lukSF-PV and decrease spa mRNA levels and protein levels, but linezolid decreased both virulence factors at mRNA and protein levels. The data showed in this study confirmed that growing S. aureus in the presence of oxacillin induce toxin expression and might enhance the virulence of this bacterium, therefore using these antibiotics to treat S. aureus infections may contribute to worse outcomes. These data also confirmed that linezolid and vancomycin, are both important selections of antimicrobial agents to treat serious infections caused by the bacterium.
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SILVA, Gabriela Viana da. "Avalia??o das esp?cies e perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos de Staphylococcus isolados de leite de ovelha." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1497.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-27<br>CAPES<br>The sheep milk production in Brazil is a relatively new activity, whose production is directed towards the manufacture of cheeses, yogurts and other products. Therewith a deficit of scientific papers related to this activity. Considered an excellent substrate, many pathogens can be transmitted to humans through consumption of milk and its derivatives, including Staphylococcus spp., one of the main agents involved in outbreaks of food poisoning. Moreover, the increasing of antimicrobial resistance is becoming a global public health problem. Within this problematic, this study aimed to identify the species of Staphylococcus and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile of current use in human and veterinary medicine, isolated from milk of sheep origin from rural properties in the Meridional Agreste of Pernambuco. We identified 13 different species, three coagulase-positive and 10 coagulase-negative and two strains identified only as SCN, especially Staphylococcus aureus (29) followed by S. chromogenes (15) and S. intermedius (9) by its frequency. The determination of antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion revealed high rates of resistance to penicillin (53.2%) and ampicillin (45.6%). The susceptibility to oxacillin was evaluated by the disk diffusion methods for oxacillin and cefoxitin, Screen Agar and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration through tests of broth microdilution and agar, the latter two detected resistance in 24% and 6% of isolates, respectively. All isolates were negative for the presence of blaZ and mecA genes and was not observed a correlation between phenotypic and genotypic testing for resistance to beta-lactams. The results show that this species is a source of infection, through its products, Staphylococcus potentially pathogenic to humans.<br>A produ??o de leite ovino no Brasil ? uma atividade relativamente nova, cuja produ??o est? direcionada para a confec??o de queijos, iogurtes e outros derivados. Com isso h? uma defict de trabalhos cient?ficos ligados a esta atividade. Considerado um excelente substrato, muitos micro-organismos patog?nicos podem ser veiculados ao homem atrav?s do consumo de leite e seus derivados, entre eles Staphylococcus spp., um dos principais agentes envolvidos em surtos de intoxica??es alimentares. Al?m disso, o crescente aumento da resist?ncia aos antimicrobianos vem se constituindo um problema de sa?de p?blica global. Dentro desta problem?tica, o presente estudo objetivou identificar as esp?cies de Staphylococcus e seu perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos de uso corrente em medicina humana e veterin?ria, isoladas de leite de origem ovina provenientes de propriedades rurais no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco. Foram identificadas 13 esp?cies diferentes, sendo tr?s do grupo Staphylococcus coagulase-positivo e 10 de Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo e duas cepas identificadas apenas como SCN, destacando-se por sua frequ?ncia Staphylococcus aureus (29) seguida pelo S. chromogenes (15) e S. intermedius (9). A determina??o da suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos pelo teste disco difus?o revelou elevados percentuais de resist?ncia ? penicilina (53,2%) e ampicilina (45,6%). A suscetibilidade a oxacilina foi avaliada atrav?s dos m?todos de disco-difus?o para oxacilina e cefoxitina, Screen Agar e determina??o da Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima atrav?s dos testes de Microdilui??o em Caldo e em Agar, tendo estes dois ?ltimos detectado resist?ncia em 24% e 6% dos isolados, respectivamente. Todos os isolados foram negativos para a presen?a dos genes blaZ e mecA, n?o tendo sido observada uma correla??o entre os testes fenot?picos e genot?picos para a resist?ncia aos beta-lact?micos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que esta esp?cie animal ? mais uma fonte de infec??o e veiculadora, atrav?s de seus produtos, de Staphylococcus potencialmente patog?nicos para o homem.
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Djaló, Rafindrade Ganilson Ferreira. "Prevalência de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina em pacientes HIV positivo atendidos em um Hospital de referência na cidade do Natal-RN." PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS, 2018. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/25524.
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-25<br>A espécie bacteriana Staphylococcus aureus é considerada um dos mais importantes
patógenos humanos. Uma característica notável dessa espécie é a capacidade de adquirir
resistência aos antibióticos, sendo a resistência à meticilina uma das mais significativas.
Estudos recentes têm mostrado a presença de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina
(MRSA) em certos grupos da população, tais como os pacientes HIV positivos, nos quais foi
observado maiores riscos de infecções por esta linhagem. O objetivo deste estudo é
determinar a prevalência de MRSA colonizando pacientes HIV positivos atendidos em um
hospital de referência em doença infecciosas, na cidade do Natal-RN, Brasil. Para tanto, todos
os pacientes HIV positivos em tratamento, no hospital selecionado para o estudo, foram
convidados a participar da pesquisa e solicitado à assinatura do Termo de Consentimento
Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Realizou-se um estudo transversal e descritivo, em que as
amostras biológicas dos participantes foram obtidas através de swabs nasais. Os espécimes
obtidos foram semeados no meio de cultivo ágar manitol salgado para o isolamento de S.
aureus. As colônias sugestivas dessa espécie foram submetidas a testes laboratoriais de
identificação como coloração de Gram, susceptibilidade à bacitracina e as provas da catalase e
coagulase livre. A identificação de MRSA foi realizada através da técnica de disco-difusão,
utilizando como marcador, o disco de cefoxitina, conforme recomendado pelo Clinical and
Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2017. A mesma técnica foi utilizada para avaliar a
susceptibilidade a outros antimicrobianos. Foi realizada ainda a detecção dos genes mecA e
lukF através da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). As informações relativas à condição
clínica dos participantes foram obtidas mediante entrevista, realizada por meio de um
questionário contendo 16 perguntas. Dos 400 pacientes que participaram do estudo, 129
(32,2%) estavam colonizados por S. aureus. Destes, nove (2,2%) eram MRSA, confirmados
pela presença do gene mecA. Quanto ao gene lukF, apenas cinco abrigavam esse gene. A
maioria dos MRSA apresentou sensibilidade à maioria dos antibióticos testados. No entanto,
três amostras apresentaram resistência a mais de duas classes dos antimicrobianos. Não foi
encontrada nenhuma associação entre a colonização por S. aureus, incluindo a linhagem
MRSA e os fatores relacionados aos indivíduos estudados. Contudo, a presença da linhagem
MRSA, reconhecida pela sua virulência e facilidade em adquirir mecanismos de resistência
aos antimicrobianos, colonizando pacientes que apresenta maior vulnerabilidade a infecções
pode representar um fator de risco para esse segmento da população.<br>The bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most important human
pathogens. And, a notable feature of this species is the ability to acquire resistance to
antibiotics, with methicillin resistance being one of the most significant. Recent studies have
shown the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in certain
population groups, such as HIV-positive patients, in whom increased risk of infection by this
strain has been observed. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of MRSA
colonizing HIV positive patients treated at a referral hospital in the city of Natal-RN and to
relate the presence of MRSA with factors associated with the clinical condition of the
individuals. To that end, all HIV-positive patients being treated at the hospital selected for the
study were invited to participate in the study and asked to be enrolled in the ICF. A crosssectional
and descriptive study was carried out, in which the biological samples of the
participants were obtained through nasal swabs. These were seeded in the salted mannitol
agar medium for the isolation of S. aureus. The colonies suggestive of this species were
submitted to laboratory tests of identification as Gram staining, susceptibility to bacitracin
and the tests of catalase and free coagulase. The identification of the S. aureus strain resistant
to methicillin (MRSA) was performed using the disk-diffusion technique, using as a marker
the cefoxitin disc as recommended by the CLSI 2017. The same technique was used to
evaluate the susceptibility to other antimicrobials. Detection of mecA and lukF genes through
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was also performed. The information regarding the clinical
condition of the participants was obtained through an interview, consisting of 16 questions.
Of the 400 patients who participated in the study, 129 (32.2%) were colonized by S. aureus.
Of these, nine (2.2%) were MRSA, confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene. As for the
lukF gene, only five harbored this gene. Most MRSA showed sensitivity to most of the
antibiotics tested. However, three samples showed resistance to more than two classes of
antimicrobials. No association was found between S. aureus colonization, including the
MRSA lineage and the factors related to the individuals studied. However, the presence of
MRSA lineage, recognized for its virulence and ease in acquiring mechanisms of
antimicrobial resistance, colonizing patients that presents greater vulnerability to infections
may represent a risk factor for this segment of the population.
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Rigatti, Fabiane. "DETECÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA À OXACILINA E PERFIL DE SENSIBILIDADE DE Staphylococcus COAGULASE NEGATIVOS ISOLADOS EM UM HOSPITAL ESCOLA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5898.
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For many years coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), skin commensals, were regarded as mere contaminants. However, in recent decades, they emerged as important agents of nosocomial infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients and patients with biomaterials. This is attributed to increasing antimicrobial resistance by these microorganisms, and oxacillin resistance was the main mechanism presented by CoNS. Thus, this study aimed to characterize this resistance, as well as the susceptibility of 160 isolates of CoNS obtained from patients admitted to HUSM, and also compare phenotypic tests used in laboratory detection of oxacillin resistance with genotypic detection of mecA gene, considered the gold standard. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the qualitative technique of disk diffusion (CLSI 2009), as well as by semi-quantitative method (MicroScan ®). The phenotypic detection of resistance was performed by using cefoxitin and oxacillin disk. The genotypic identification of mecA gene was performed by PCR. Together with the molecular detection of mecA gene was performed the detection of gene icaD, responsible for biofilm formation. S. epidermidis (62%) was the main species identified among the samples selected for this study, and the prevalent clinical material was blood (38%). Due to the fact that they are skin commensals, an evaluation of clinical significance of the selected samples was performed. It presented that 48% of the isolates were considered more likely to be the etiologic agents of infections. The adult and neonatal ICUs represent prevalent clinical units in isolation of CoNS, with 33% and 29% of the isolates, respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility, a high rate of resistance among the isolates was observed. These were grouped into seven prevalent susceptibility profiles, in which three were characterized by resistance to most of the antimicrobials tested. All strains were susceptible to linezolid, teicoplanin and tigecycline, in total 59 isolates (36.8%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. Through the results of phenotypic tests, 89% and 94% of the isolates were characterized as oxacillin resistant by using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks, respectively. The molecular technique revealed that 79% of isolates carried mecA gene. A susceptibility of 96% to cefoxitin disk and 95% to oxacillin disk could be found from the statistical analysis when compared to the gold standard. Biofilm formation was observed in 45% of samples tested, in which S. epidermidis has been identified as prevalent in positive biofilm samples (74%). The phenotypic methods used in this study are equivalent for detecting oxacillin resistance when compared to the gold standard, and the use of oxacillin disk together with cefoxitin disk should be encouraged, since the oxacillin disk can identify other resistance mechanisms not mediated by mecA. In relation to susceptibility of the isolates, there was a high resistance to first-choice antimicrobial used for the treatment of CoNS.<br>Por muitos anos os Staphylococcus coagulase negativos (SCoN), comensais da pele, foram considerados como simples contaminantes. No entanto, nas últimas décadas, emergiram como importantes agentes de infecções nosocomiais, principalmente em imunocomprometidos e portadores de biomateriais. Isso é atribuído a crescente resistência antimicrobiana apresentada por estes microrganismos, sendo a resistência à oxacilina o principal mecanismos apresentado pelos SCoN. Desta forma, este estudo objetivou caracterizar esta resistência, bem como o perfil de sensibilidade de 160 isolados de SCoN obtidos de pacientes admitidos no HUSM. Além de comparar testes fenotípicos utilizados na detecção laboratorial da resistência à oxacilina com a detecção genotípica do gene mecA, considerado padrão ouro. Os testes de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos foram efetuados pela técnica qualitativa de difusão do disco (CLSI 2009), bem como pelo método semi-quantitativo (MicroScan®). A detecção fenotípica da resistência foi realizada com os discos de cefoxitina e oxacilina. A identificação genotípica do gene mecA foi realizada por PCR. Juntamente a detecção molecular do gene mecA foi realizado a detecção do gene icaD, responsável pela formação de biofilme. S. epidermidis (62%) foi à principal espécie identificada entre as amostras selecionadas para este estudo e sangue, o material clínico prevalente (38%). Devido a serem comensais da pele, foi realizada uma avaliação da significância clínica das amostras selecionadas, de onde evidenciamos que 48% dos isolados foram considerados os prováveis agentes etiológicos das infecções. As UTIs adulto e neonatal representam as unidades clínicas prevalentes no isolamento de SCoN, com 33% e 29% dos isolados, respectivamente. Em relação a sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos observou-se um elevado índice de resistência entre os isolados. Estes foram agrupados em 7 perfis de sensibilidade prevalentes, sendo que 3 caracterizaram-se pela resistência a maioria dos antimicrobianos testados. Todas as cepas foram sensíveis à linezolida, teicoplamina e tigeciclina, totalizando 59 (36,8%). Todos os isolados foram sensíveis à vancomicina. Através dos resultados dos testes fenotípicos, verificou-se que 89% e 94% dos isolados foram caracterizados como resistentes à oxacilina, utilizando os discos de cefoxitina e oxacilina, respectivamente. Pela técnica molecular, 79% dos isolados carreavam o gene mecA. A partir da análise estatística evidenciou-se sensibilidade de 96% para o disco de cefoxitina e de 95% para o disco de oxacilina, quando comparados ao padrão ouro. A formação de biofilme foi evidenciada em 45% das amostras testadas, onde o S. epidermidis foi identificado como prevalente nas amostras biofilme positivas (74%). Os métodos fenotípicos utilizados neste estudo mostrarm-se equivalentes na detecção da resistência à oxacilina quando comparados ao padrão ouro, sendo que o uso do disco de oxacilina em conjunto com o de cefoxitina deve ser encorajado, uma vez que, o disco de oxacilina pode identificar outros mecanismos de resistência não mediados pelo gene mecA. Em relação ao perfil de sensibilidade dos isolados houve grande resistência aos antimicrobianos de primeira escolha usados para o tratamento de SCoN. Palavras-chave: SCoN, resistência, oxacilina, cefoxitina, gene mecA.
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ROSA, Juliana de Oliveira. "DETECÇÃO DO GENE mecA EM ESTAFILOCOCOS COAGULASE NEGATIVA RESISTENTES A OXACILINA ISOLADOS DA SALIVA DE PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE DE UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1835.
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-17<br>Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) is in human and animal microbiota, but may cause with infections with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Healthy care workers may be carriers of many microorganisms and spread resistant ECN in the hospital. This study aimed to identify the CNS species isolated from healthy care workers saliva, establishe the oxacillin resistance pattern and detect the mecA gene in resistant isolates. We evaluated 100 ECN, isolated from the saliva of an institution of professional health of large Riberão Preto in Sao Paulo state. The ECN identification was based on biochemical tests, and 41 were identified as S. epidermidis, 25 S. saprophyticus, 18 S. haemolyticus, 8 S. cohnii, 4 S. lugdunenses, 3 S. capitis, and 1 S. simulans. Thirty-two percent were nonsusseptible to oxacillin, 84.4% to mupirocin, 43.7% to cefoxitin, but all were vancomycin susceptible. The oxacillin nonsusseptible ECN, detected by disk diffusion test were grown in agar screening oxacillin (6 μ g) supplemented with sodium chloride (4.0%) and submited to mecA detection by the PCR. Of the 32 nonsusseptible oxacillin CNS,, 93.7% developed in the oxacillin agar and the mecA gene was detected in 75.0%. This is the first report of mecA gene presence in CNS isolated from the saliva of healthy care workers. Attention must be given to CNS species identification, as well as the characterization of the nonsusceptible microorganisms, since healthy care workers may represent a reservoir of CNS<br>Estafilococos coagulase negativa (ECN) fazem parte da microbiota autóctone humana e animal, embora possam causar infecções. Profissionais da saúde podem ser portadores de inúmeros microrganismos virulentos entre eles os ECN resistentes a oxacilina que podem ser disseminados por esses profissionais. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar espécies de ECN isolados da saliva de profissionais da saúde, de uma instituição de saúde de grande porte em Riberão Preto no estado de São Paulo, determinar o perfil de resistência à oxacilina e detectar o gene mecA. Foram avaliados 100 ECN, e através de testes bioquímicos 41 estafilococos foram identificados como S. epidermidis, 25 S. saprophyticus, 18 S. haemolyticus, 8 S. cohnii, 4 S. lugdunenses, 3 S. capitis e um S. simulans. Trinta e dois por cento apresentaram resistência in vitro a oxacilina, 84,4% a mupirocina, 43,7% a cefoxitina, e todos suscetíveis a vancomicina. Os ECN resistentes a oxacilina, detectados pelo teste de disco difusão, foram cultivados no agar triagem oxacilina (6µg) suplementado com cloreto de sódio e a detecção do gene mecA foi realizada pela técnica de PCR. Dos 32 ECN resistentes a oxacilina, 93,7% desenvolveram no agar oxacilina e o gene mecA foi detectado em 75,0% das amostras analisadas. Vale ressaltar que este estudo é pioneiro em mostrar a presença do gene mecA em ECN isolados da saliva de profissionais da saúde saudáveis. Uma maior atenção deve ser dada na identificação das espécies de ECN, e na caracterização da resistência desse grupo de microrganismos, uma vez que os profissionais da saúde podem representar um reservatório de ECN resistentes
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Faria, Rafael César Bolleli. "Resistência a antimicrobianos em Staphylococcus aureus." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2008. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15785.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus represent a big problem
in the control of hospital infections. Resistance pattern of isolated S. aureus
presented in central vascular catheter of patients interned in the Intensive Therapy
Center of the School Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro
was evaluated by antimicrobial tests, in which it was possible to detect high level
of resistance to penicillin (94.7%) and ampicillin (86.8%), only considering the
samples that presented resistance, beyond one strain that presented resistance to
vancomycin. The oxacillin resistance evaluation was confirmed by PCR with the
presence of the gene mecA. The association of the results obtained in the
phenotypic test with the presence of the gene mecA, considered the reference
method, was confirmed through the Table of Contingency and the Test of Χ2 with
Yates correction. In 49 isolates evaluated, 23 were resistant to oxacillin, being
possible to detect the mecA gene in 21 samples. The test of molecular screening
by RAPD allowed the separation of the phenotypic groups in two different grouping
patterns, the ones that presented resistance to antimicrobials and the sensible
ones, with a dissimilarity of 73,3%. There is a higher genetic similarity between
groups that present the same type of resistance, thus confirming the phenotypic
analyses. Molecular markers for detection of resistance to oxacillin, like the gene
mecA, were more sensitive than the phenotypic markers.<br>Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a múltiplos antibióticos representam um
grande problema no controle das infecções hospitalares. O perfil de resistência a
antimicrobianos de isolados de S. aureus presentes em cateteres vasculares
central de pacientes internados em leitos do centro de terapia intensiva do
Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro foi avaliado por
meio de testes antimicrobianos, pelos quais foi possível detectar um elevado nível
de resistência à penicilina (94,7%) e ampicilina (86,8%), considerando-se
somente as amostras que possuíam resistência, além de uma cepa resistente à
vancomicina. A avaliação da resistência à oxacilina foi confirmada por PCR
através da presença do gene mecA. A associação dos resultados obtidos no teste
fenotípico com a presença do gene mecA, considerado um método de referência,
foi confirmada através da Tabela de Contingência e do Teste de Χ2 com correção
de Yates. Em 49 amostras avaliadas, 23 apresentaram resistência à oxacilina,
sendo possível detectar a presença do gene de resistência mecA em 21
amostras. O teste de tipagem molecular por RAPD permitiu a separação dos
grupos fenotípicos em dois padrões diferentes de agrupamento, os que possuíam
resistência e os sensíveis aos antimicrobianos, com uma dissimilaridade de
73,3%. Há maior similaridade genética entre grupos que apresentam o mesmo
tipo de resistência, confirmando assim as análises fenotípicas. Marcadores
moleculares para detecção de resistência à oxacilina, como o gene mecA, foram
mais sensíveis que os marcadores fenotípicos.<br>Mestre em Genética e Bioquímica
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Sharif, Sanaz. "Comparison of real-time PCR assays for screening of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154460.
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Staphylococcus aureus belongs to the normal flora. Many healthy people are colonized by the bacterium mainly in the nose but also on the skin and on other mucous membranes without showing symptoms. After damage to the skin, the bacterium can enter the wound and cause infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is resistant to b-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and methicillin. The gene that gives resistance characteristic of MRSA is the mecA-gene. MRSA strains are spread in both hospitals and in the community, and it is important to identify these bacteria with rapid and sensitive methods. In this study, Taq Man RT-qPCR was compared with SYBR Green RT-qPCR (LightCycler480, Roche) to explore which method had the best sensitivity with the least working hours. In addition, Bullet for automated DNA extraction and CAS 1200 ™ for automated pipetting of the samples were evaluated. Twelve patient isolates and 232 patient samples for MRSA screening were included in the study. The results showed that the primers were of major importance for the outcome of the amplification. It was also shown that the Ct-values were clearly lower when the Bullet, CAS 1200 ™ and LightCycler480 were combined compared with manual DNA extraction, manual pipetting and the Rotor-Gene 6000. In future, the former method will be used by the laboratory when screening patient samples for MRSA.
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Nascimento, Thiago César. "Caracterização fenotípica, susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e pesquisa do gene mecA em linhagens de Stahylococcus coagulase negativo recuperadas de resíduos dos serviços de saúde." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5422.
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-31<br>FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais<br>Acredita-se que os resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) possam atuar como veículos de disseminação de microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos e de marcadores de resistência a drogas antimicrobianas. Assim, considerando-se os riscos para saúde humana e ambiental associados ao fenômeno da resistência microbiana a drogas, nossos objetivos foram identificar linhagens de Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (SCN) isoladas do chorume percolado dos RSS no aterro
sanitário de Juiz de Fora, MG, determinar o seu perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de interesse clínico-microbiológico e detectar o marcado molecular mecA. Linhagens bacterianas presuntivamente caracterizadas como SCN (n=109) foram identificadas utilizando-se sistema comercial semiautomatizado e o seu perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos, determinado pela técnica de diluição em ágar, de acordo com as recomendações do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI). Apenas 26,6% das amostras de SCN foram identificadas pelo sistema comercial, distribuídas em S. sciuri (31%), S. epidermidis (27,6%), S. lentus (20,7%), S. vitulinus (10,3%) S. saprophyticus (6,9%), S. haemolyticus (3,5%). As outras linhagens foram identificadas como Staphylococcus spp. (73,4%). Entre os antimicrobianos avaliados, a penicilina e a oxacilina foram as drogas menos efetivas
(61,4% de resistência), seguidas pela eritromicina e azitromicina (27,3% e 22,7% de resistência respectivamente). Os antimicrobianos mais eficazes foram a gentamicina e levofloxacina, para os quais apenas resistência intermediária foi observada (21,6% e 1,1% respectivamente). Todas as amostras foram susceptíveis à vancomicina. Considerando as linhagens resistentes 14 (25,9%) amplificaram o gene específico, enquanto que 40 (74,1%) mostraram-se resistentes à oxacilina por outros mecanismos. Nossos resultados suscitam reflexões relacionadas à sobrevivência de microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos e linhagens resistentes aos antimicrobianos, carreando importantes marcadores de resistência e sua possível disseminação via RSS, contribuindo para seu trânsito intra-hospitalar.<br>It is accepted that health-care waste may act as vehicle for spreading potentially pathogenic microorganisms and their genetic resistance markers. Thus, considering the risks for human and environmental health associated with the phenomenon of microbial drug resistance, our objectives were to identify Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) strains isolated from the sanitary landfill disposal of healthcare waste of Juiz de Fora, MG; to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns
against antimicrobials of clinical and microbiological relevance; and to evaluate the occurrence of mecA gene. Bacterial strains presumptively characterized as CoNS (n= 109) were identified using a commercial system and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns determined by the agar dilution technique, according to the recommendations of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Only 26.6% of the bacterial samples were identified as follows: S. sciuri (31%), S. epidermidis
(27.6%), S. lentus (20.7%), S. vitulinus (10.3%) S. saprophyticus (6.9%), S. haemolyticus (3.5%). The other strains were identified as Staphylococcus spp. (73.4%). Considering the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobials, penicillin and oxacillin drugs were the less effective drugs (61.4% resistance) followed by erythromycin and azithromycin (27.3 and 22.7% resistance, respectively).
The most effective antimicrobials were gentamicin and levofloxacin, for which only intermediate resistance was observed (21.6 and 1.1% respectively). All samples were susceptible to vancomycin. Considering the resistant strains, 14 (25,9%) showed to harbour mecA gene and in 40 (74,1%) were resistant to oxacillin by other mechanisms. Our results raise considerations related to the survival of potentially pathogenic microorganisms and strains resistant to antibiotics harboring genetic
markers. It is possible that these bacteria might spread via health-care waste, contributing dissemination into hospitals.
Books on the topic "MecA gene and PVL"
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Dawson, Susan. Other bacterial diseasesStaphylococcal zoonoses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0026.
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Staphylococcal species are common commensals of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals but only in very recent years has zoonotic infections been recognised. They can also be associated with infection and disease, especially coagulase positive organisms. Staphylococcus aureus is relatively frequently carried by humans in the nasal passages and is a cause of infections in people including bacteraemias in hospitalised patients. More recently some strains of Staphylococcus aureus have acquired a resistance gene (mecA) which renders them resistant to meticillin (meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA). MRSA isolates are of major importance in healthcare situations as well as increasingly in the community. Animals can also be carriers of Staphylococcus aureus although less frequently than humans and MRSA can be carried or infect several different host species. For companion animals such as dogs and cats, the most frequently isolated MRSA strains are similar to the common local human healthcare strains; thus for the UK, EMRSA-15 and -16. This suggests a reverse zoonosis with spill over from the human population into their companion animals. In horses the situation is different, with some horses carrying or infected with human epidemic strains but others infected with strains less frequently seen in people. For food-producing animals the picture is different again with a particular strain, ST398, which appears to circulate endemically in animal populations, such as pigs, and can spill over into the human population where it can cause carriage as well as infection and disease. The transmission appears to be by direct contact with animals rather than through the food-chain.Where risk factors for infection with MRSA have been studied in animals they appear similar to some of the risks for human infection. Therefore, for control of MRSA in animals measures such as improved hygiene and good antibacterial stewardship are important.
Book chapters on the topic "MecA gene and PVL"
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Ruimy, Raymond, François Barbier, David Lebeaux, Etienne Ruppé, and Antoine Andremont. "Nasal carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylocococci: A Reservoir of mecA Gene for Staphylococcus aureus." In New Frontiers of Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2114-2_10.
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Merlino, John, Ian D. Kay, Geoff Coombs, and Silvano Palladino. "PCR Assays in Detecting Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococci: Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), S. aureus, and MRSA with the PVL Gene." In PCR for Clinical Microbiology. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9039-3_72.
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Rebić, Velma, Mufida Aljičević, Sajra Vinčević-Smajlović, and Damir Rebić. "Distribution and Molecular Detection of Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." In Infectious Diseases and Sepsis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98655.
Full textAbstract:
Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus is quite common in both the general population and hospital environment. The heterogeneity of the disease and the unique ability of S. aureus to develop resistance to the most recently discovered antibacterial drugs points to its ability to adapt and survive in different conditions. CA-MRSA is different from hospital strains of MRSA by its epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The emergence of MRSA in the community suggests the need for a new approach to managing the indications and the certification of staphylococcal infections, with special emphasis on the selection of empiric antibiotic therapy. In the study, we analised of MRSA from 4341 samples taken from patients from the general population of Sarajevo Canton in the six-month period of follow-up processed at the Public Health Institute of Sarajevo Canton. We determined the epidemiological characteristics of the isolated strains. Methicillin resistance was determined by phenotypic methods. The following molecular methods were used for the confirmation of methicillin resistance: determination of the mecA gene, PFGE profile, genetic type of MRSA being determined by spa typing, the distribution of SCCmec types being examined, and the detected gene for PVL. The study stresses the need for national monitoring of spreading of the existing epidemic strains, as well as the monitoring of emergence of new strains which would enable the inclusion of our country in the international network of monitoring bacterial resistance.
Conference papers on the topic "MecA gene and PVL"
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Zulkifli, Aisya, and Asmat Ahmad. "Detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from recreational beach using the mecA gene." In THE 2015 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2015 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4931232.
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Abdulla, Zheen, and Khadija Barzani. "Characterization and Detection of mecA gene in Different species of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Kocuria Which Isolated From Thalassemia Patients in Erbil City." In 4th International Scientific Conference of Cihan University-Erbil on Biological Sciences. Cihan University-Erbil, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/bios17.08.
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