To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: MecA gene and PVL.
Journal articles on the topic 'MecA gene and PVL'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'MecA gene and PVL.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Nakadomari, Giovana Hashimoto, Amanda Carmen Charalo, Ana Claudia Lemes Pavan, Vanessa Kelly Capoia Vignoto, Ricardo Antonio Pilegi Sfaciotte, and Sheila Rezler Wosiacki. "MULTIPLEX-PCR FOR DETECTION OF β-LACTAM RESISTANCE IN Staphylococcus spp." Revista de Ciência Veterinária e Saúde Pública 6, no. 2 (August 3, 2019): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/revcivet.v6i2.45050.
Full textAbstract:
A Staphylococcus Multiplex PCR system was developed for the simultaneous detection of the mecA, mecC, blaZ (resistance genes of b-lactam resistance) and PVL (pathogenicity factor gene), associated with an internal reaction control with the 16S rRNA gene. There were used primers described in the literature with and without modification and designed primers to standardize the hybridization and amplification temperature of distinct bands with 139 bp (mecC), 228 bp (16S), 313 bp (mecA), 408 bp (PVL) and 516 bp (blaZ) of molecular weight. The standardization was performed in ATCC strains and Staphylococcus schleiferiand tested in 56 strains of Staphylococcusspp. The 16S gene (internal control) was amplified in all samples, mecA gene was detected in two samples, mecA associated with mecC gene in one sample, mecA associated to the blaZ gene in 14 samples and the blaZ gene in 15 samples. No resistance genes were amplified in 24 samples. The PVL gene was not amplified in any of the samples tested.
2
Patil, Nilima R., and Ghorpade Mv. "ASSOCIATION OF VIRULENCE FACTOR (PANTON–VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN) WITH MECA GENE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.19080.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the association between mecA gene and virulence genes such as pvl gene in strains of S. aureus and to determine the prevalence of the pvl gene in S. aureus isolates using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.Methods: A total of 200 non-repeated, confirmed clinical isolates of S. aureus were used from various departments. Cefoxitin (30 ug) disc diffusion method was used as phenotypic method for detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We used PCR amplification to test for the pvl and mecA gene in S. aureus isolates.Results: Of 200 strains of S. aureus isolated in our hospital, 60 (30%) were identified as MRSA based on cefoxitin disc diffusion method. These same 30 isolates were confirmed for mecA gene by PCR. All strains had mecA gene. All mecA positive strains of S. aureus were tested for pvl gene. Of 200 S. aureus, 123 (61.5%) strains were pvl positive. Among which 33 (55%) were pvl positive MRSA and 90 (64.28%) pvl positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains.Conclusion: The prevalence of the pvl among the MRSA isolates was found relatively higher in number among pus samples which indicate a possible key role of pvl in pathogenesis of pyogenic infections, especially skin and soft tissue infections in community setting.
3
Alghizzi, Mashael J., Maysoon Alansari, and Ashwag Shami. "The Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Processed Food Samples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.1.03.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus mainly Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a life-threatening infection that occurring in food and caused a public health concern. This study designed to examine the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in different types of processed food. Food samples were screened for the recovered strains of S. aureus and MRSA, and they were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and by molecular characterization of mecA and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec). Detection of virulence factors like Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), Staphylococcus aureus protein A(spa) and Staphylococcal enterotoxins(SEs) by PCR using specific primers. Among the 150 collected processed food samples, 62.7% were contaminated by S. aureus bacteria, 56.4% of which were proved as MRSA. 17% of MRSA isolates were positive for mecA genes with the SCCmec type IVb and V (11.1% each) as the solely existing types of SCCmec. None of the MRSA isolates carried mecC or mecB genes. Most of MRSA isolates were multidrug resistance and 33.3% of MRSA-mecA positive isolates also carried vancomycin resistance genes (i.e., vanB). In addition, spa gene was found among 7.5% of MRSA isolates; none of which were positive for PVL gene. Further, there were variant presence of SEs among MRSA isolates and the highest presence was from type SEH (49.1%). Generally, our results confirmed that processed foods in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh) are potential vehicles for multidrug resistant S. aureus and MRSA transmission; which are serious public health risks, and underlined the need for good hygiene practices.
4
Radosavljevic, V., Jadranka Zutic, Ljiljana Pavlovic, Tamara Boskovic, O. Radanovic, and M. Zutic. "Methods of detection and typing of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals." Veterinarski glasnik 68, no. 1-2 (2014): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1402089r.
Full textAbstract:
In this work there was evaluated the method of detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by using two molecular and three phenotypic tests in investigation procedure of 70 strains of S.aureus isolated from animals. Recent findings of the new mecA homologue, mecALGA251, minimise the significance of mecA gene presence detection as a confirmation method of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus identification. For this reason, along with multiplex PCR set of primers(165rDNK, nuc, mecA) for detection mecA gene, there was also used multiplex PCR set of primers (spa, mecA, pvl, mecALGA251) for differentiation mecALGA251 from mecA, with simultaneous detection of luk-PV and spa gene fragments. In all 70 investigated isolates there was detected the presence of specific 16 SrDNK fragment and nuc gene which encodes a thermostable S. aureus nuclease, while in 5 out of 70 S. aureus isolates, there was proven mecA gene presence using two multiplex PCR tests. In the investigated strains there was determined neither mecC (mecALGA251)gene presence, nor Panton Valentine Leukocidin encoding gene. By application cefoxitin disk-diffusion, latex-agglutination and two multiplex PCR tests, the identical results in identification 5 methicillin resistant out of 70 investigated S. aureus strains were obtained. In our investigation there was determined a complete correlation between the results of phenotypic and genotypic identification of methicillin resistant S. aureus.
5
Onanuga, Adebola, Ocholi Jonathan Adamu, Babatunde Odetoyin, and Jabir Adamu Hamza. "NASAL CARRIAGE OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT PANTON VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN POSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS OF TUDUN-WADA, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA." African Journal of Infectious Diseases 15, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajid.v15i1.3.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL)-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains have been implicated in serious community-associated invasive infections and their increasing multidrug resistance is a major global health concern. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of the PVL gene and the antimicrobial resistance profile of nasal S. aureus isolates from healthy adults in Tundu-Wada, Gombe State of Nigeria. Methods and Materials: A total of 262 nasal samples from healthy adults were obtained and cultured. The isolates were identified as S. aureus by standard morphological and biochemical methods alongside with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of their 16S rRNA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion technique and the presence of mecA and PVL genes was determined by PCR analysis. Results: The overall nasal colonization of S. aureus was 17.6%. The prevalence of haemolysin and biofilm production among the isolates was 25(54.3%) and 42(91.3%), respectively. Only 2(4.3%) and 5(10.9%) possessed mecA and PVL genes respectively but none of the isolates harboured these two genes. All the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin but were highly susceptible (93.7%) to gentamicin. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among the isolates was M 45.7% and all PVL-producing isolates were MDR while one of the isolates with mecA gene exhibited extensive-drug resistance (XDR). Conclusion: This is the first report of nasal colonization of MDR PVL-producing S. aureus in healthy adults in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria. This study highlights the importance of routine surveillance of healthy populations to provide useful strategies for controlling the spread of virulent multidrug-resistant organisms within the community.
6
HORNER, C., L. UTSI, L. COOLE, and M. DENTON. "Epidemiology and microbiological characterization of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a single healthcare region of the UK, 2015." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 2 (October 28, 2016): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002387.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYWe investigated the epidemiology and characterization of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus within the Yorkshire and Humber (YH) region in the UK. In July 2015, each laboratory within YH (n = 14) was assigned two consecutive days during which all clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibilities and the presence of genes encoding methicillin resistance (mecA and mecC), Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) (lukS-PV), and efflux-mediated chlorhexidine resistance (qacA); isolates were also characterized by spa-types. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to chlorhexidine were determined by the broth dilution method. Of 520 isolates collected, 6·2% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, all mecA-positive) and mupirocin resistance was low [0·8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·3–2·0] and only found in MRSA. Carriage of the qacA gene was identified in 1·7% (95% CI 0·8–3·3) of isolates and 3·5% (95% CI 2·2–5·4) had a chlorhexidine MIC of 4 mg/l. The PVL gene was infrequent (3·7%, 95% CI 2·4–5·6). Genotyping identified 234 spa-types that mapped to 22 clonal complexes. Comparison of these current data with previous work suggest that the widespread use of staphylococcal decolonization regimens over the past decade or more has not had an adverse impact on resistance rates, PVL carriage or the prevalence of specific S. aureus lineages.
7
Víquez-Molina, Gerardo, Javier Aragón-Sánchez, Cristian Pérez-Corrales, Christian Murillo-Vargas, María Eugenia López-Valverde, and Benjamin A. Lipsky. "Virulence Factor Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Diabetic Foot Soft Tissue and Bone Infections." International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds 17, no. 1 (March 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534734618764237.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to describe the presence of genes encoding for 4 virulence factors (pvl, eta, etb, and tsst), as well as the mecA gene conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, in patients with diabetes and a staphylococcal foot infection. We have also analyzed whether isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from bone infections have a different profile for these genes compared with those from exclusively soft tissue infections. In this cross-sectional study of a prospectively recruited series of patients admitted to the Diabetic Foot Unit, San Juan de Dios Hospital, San José, Costa Rica with a moderate or severe diabetic foot infection (DFI), we collected samples from infected soft tissue and from bone during debridement. During the study period (June 1, 2014 to May 31, 2016), we treated 379 patients for a DFI. S aureus was isolated from 101 wound samples, of which 43 were polymicrobial infections; we only included the 58 infections that were monomicrobial S aureus for this study. Infections were exclusively soft tissue in 17 patients (29.3%) while 41 (70.7%) had bone involvement (osteomyelitis). The mecA gene was detected in 35 cases (60.3%), pvl gene in 4 cases (6.9%), and tsst gene in 3 (5.2%). We did not detect etA and etB in any of the cases. There were no differences in the profile of S aureus genes encoding for virulence factors (pvl, etA, etB, and tsst) recovered from DFIs between those with just soft tissue compared to those with osteomyelitis. However, we found a significantly higher prevalence of pvl+ strains of S aureus associated with soft tissue compared with bone infections. Furthermore, we observed a significantly longer time to healing among patients infected with mecA+ (methicillin-resistant) S aureus (MRSA).
8
Cvetnić, Luka, Marko Samardžija, Sanja Duvnjak, Boris Habrun, Marija Cvetnić, Vesna Jaki Tkalec, Dražen Đuričić, and Miroslav Benić. "Multi Locus Sequence Typing and spa Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Milk of Cows with Subclinical Mastitis in Croatia." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040725.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The bacterial species S. aureus is the most common causative agent of mastitis in cows in most countries with a dairy industry. The prevalence of infection caused by S. aureus ranges from 2% to more than 50%, and it causes 10–12% of all cases of clinical mastitis. Aim: The objective was to analyze 237 strains of S. aureus isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis regarding the spa, mecA, mecC and pvl genes and to perform spa and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Methods: Sequencing amplified gene sequences was conducted at Macrogen Europe. Ridom StaphType and BioNumerics software was used to analyze obtained sequences of spa and seven housekeeping genes. Results: The spa fragment was present in 204 (86.1%) of strains, while mecA and mecC gene were detected in 10 strains, and the pvl gene was not detected. Spa typing successfully analyzed 153 tested isolates (64.3%), confirming 53 spa types, four of which were new types. The most frequent spa type was t2678 (14%). MLST typed 198 (83.5%) tested strains and defined 32 different allele profiles, of which three were new. The most frequent allele profile was ST133 (20.7%). Six groups (G) and 15 singletons were defined. Conclusion: Taking the number of confirmed spa types and sequence types (STs) into account, it can be concluded that the strains of S. aureus isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis form a heterogenous group. To check the possible zoonotic potential of isolates it would be necessary to test the persons and other livestock on the farms.
9
Iqbal, Muhammad Shaheen, Yasar Saleem, Farheen Ansari, Muhammad Usman Qamar, Sania Mazhar, Abida Hassan, Shaista Nawaz, Salman Saeed, and Quratulain Syed. "Staphylococcus aureus carrying lukS/F Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) toxin genes in hospitals of Lahore city." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 09 (September 30, 2018): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9633.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Panton Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) toxin is secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and is mostly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). This study aims to find out the prevalence of lukS/F-PV gene, which encode PVL toxin from strains of SSTI, burn wounds and nasal colonizers of out-patients and to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolates.
Methodology: This is an analytical observational cross-section study and was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 at four tertiary care hospitals and PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 376 random clinical swabs were collected from SSTI (n = 179), nasal nares (n = 134) and burn wounds (n = 63) from out-patients’ departments (OPD). The specimens were cultured on nutrient and mannitol salt agar (MSA) and the organism was identified by catalase, coagulase, and DNase tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility, methicillin, inducible clindamycin, and high-level mupirocin (HLMR) resistance were determined as per CLSI guidelines. Molecular identification of mecA and lukS/F-PV genes was performed by PCR.
Results: We isolated 127 S. aureus, where 41 (32.3%) were MRSA and 86 (67.7%) were MSSA. All MRSA carried mecA gene whereas lukS/F-PV gene was found in 21 MRSA and 31 MSSA strains. Overall, a high antimicrobial resistance was found against MRSA and lukS/F-PV positive MSSA. Inducible clindamycin and high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR) was 23.6% and 19.5% respectively.
Conclusions: A high rate of PVL toxin gene was detected among S. aureus strains and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant strains was observed.
10
Almousawi, Anas, and Abdullah Alhatami. "Isolation and molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases in broilers." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2020/0110204.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a difficult problem in the poultry industry because it causes diseases that are difficult to treat due to the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics and their possession of a battery of virulence and resistance genes in addition to their ability to produce thick biofilms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted to collect a total of 53 samples from different clinical cases in broilers during the period from August 2019 to February 2020 in Al-Najaf and Karbala cities, The clinical isolates were determined by using the conventional standard biochemical tests. All the specimens cultured on blood agar medium supplemented with 5% blood for primary isolation and selected by using selective media mannitol salt agar (MSA) for confirmation the mannitol fermentation, then subjected to gram’s staining, catalase, oxidase, and further slide coagulase test, then all S. aureus isolates tested by antibiotic susceptibility test, and screened for the presence of mecA and mecC genes using PCR for the detection of MRSA isolates, then subjected to the detection of virulence genes (pvl and eta), antibiotic resistance gene (cfr), identification of integron class 1, biofilm formation assay, the multi-druge resistance profiles (MDR) and multible antibiotics resistance (MAR) indexes were calculated. Results: the isolation rate of S. aureus from the broilers' clinical samples was 37.7%. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 85% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotic tested. All 53 isolates were assessed for the presence of mecA and mecC genes by using PCR. The mecA gene-specific PCR product was seen in 7 (35%) isolates and considered as MRSA. Among all S. aureus isolates, two isolates were positive for the eta gene, and 15 (75%) isolates harboring integron class 1, while the biofilm formation test revealed that 7 (35%) was positive biofilm producers and three of them were strong producers, consequentlly, 13 (65%) of the isolates were resisted to three or more antibiotics and considered as MDR strains. While pvl, cfr, and mecC gene were not detected among S. aureus isolates. Conclusion: the current study revealed that S. aureus possess a real threat in the poultry industry reflecting a public health problem due to the large acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by these bacteria, the results indicated a high percentage of isolates having MDR characteristic, and two of them were resistant to all antibiotics tested. In addition to the presence of two MRSA isolates carrying the eta gene, this indicating that they are of human origin.
11
Moreno-Grúa, Elena, Sara Pérez-Fuentes, David Viana, Jesús Cardells, Víctor Lizana, Jordi Aguiló, Laura Selva, and Juan M. Corpa. "Marked Presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Lagomorphs in Valencia, Spain." Animals 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071109.
Full textAbstract:
The appearance of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in several animal species (including rabbits) has set off alarms for their capacity to act as reservoirs for this bacterium. This is especially important in wild animals given its epidemiological implications. The objectives of this study were to identify and characterize S. aureus, specifically MRSA, strains in wild lagomorph high-density areas. Ten hares and 353 wild rabbits from 14 towns with a high rabbit density in the Valencian region (eastern Spanish coast) were sampled. Swabs from the nasal cavity, ears, perineum and lesions (when present) were taken for microbiological studies. The detection of different genes and antibiotic susceptibility studies were also carried out. Of all the animals, 41.3% were positive for S. aureus, of which 63.3% were MRSA. Ears were the anatomical location with more S. aureus and MRSA strains. The more frequently identified MLST type was ST1945 (97.1%, 136/140). The mecA gene was found only in one sample. The rest (n = 139) carried the mecC gene and were included in CC130, except one. Penicillin resistance was detected in 28 mec-negative isolates and, in one case, bacitracin resistance. mecA isolate presented resistance to enrofloxacin and tetracycline, and 10 mecC isolates also showed bacitracin resistance. No MRSA isolate was positive for genes chp, sea, tst and PVL. Two ST1945 isolates contained IEC type E (comprising genes scn and sak). mecA-isolate was positive for blaZ. Of the 28 MSSA strains showing resistance to penicillin, 22 carried the blaZ gene. These surprising results highlight the marked presence of MRSA strains in wild rabbits in high-density areas.
12
Gezgen, Cansu, and Esra Seker. "Investigation of Methicillin Resistance and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Mastitis." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81080.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Mastitis, which is inflammation of the mammary gland, is among the most important diseases in dairy herds resulting in reductions of milk yield and milk quality. Although several groups of microorganisms have been reported as etiological agents of mastitis, Staphylococci are the most frequently isolated bacteria from bovine mastitic milk samples. The aim of this study was to isolate the Staphylococcus species from bovine mastitis, investigate the mecA ve pvl genes in isolated species by PCR and determine the antibiotic resistance of methicillin resistant strains to some antibiotics commonly used in veterinary field.Materials, Methods & Results: In the present study, 972 half-udder milk samples (n = 757 CMT positive, n = 215 CMT negative) were used from 251 lactating cows from 34 different enterprises located center town and villages of Ödemiş, İzmir. Ten microliters of each milk sample was inoculated onto Columbia blood agar, containing 7% of sheep blood and incubated under aerobic conditions for 24-48 h at 37°C. The certain identification of Staphylococcus isolates was achieved using Crystal™ Identification Systems Gram-Positive ID kit. Bacterial DNAs were extracted from all strains using boiling method and strains were screened for the presence of 16S rDNA, mecA and pvl genes by PCR. The antimicrobial resistance of MRS species was determined by using disc diffusion method. A total of 182 (18.72%) Staphylococcus strains were isolated from 972 half-udder milk samples. Of 182 Staphylococcus strains, 137 (75.27%) and 45 (24.73%) were detected as CPS and CNS, respectively. Among the 11 different Staphylococcus species, S. intermedius (42.30%) was the most common species isolated, followed by S. aureus (32.97%) and S. saprophyticus (10.99%). The mecA positivity was found in only 4 (2.2%) S. intermedius strains, while pvl toxin gene was determined in none of the strains. Four MR S. intermedius strains were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin. The resistance was also found to erythromycin (50%), rifampicin (25%), gentamicin (25%), tetracycline (25%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (25%) in the isolates.Discussion: In this study, S. intermedius had the highest isolation rate and this finding was considered remarkable. Generally, in mastitis diagnostics all CPS isolates are classified as S. aureus. In our study, the certain identification of all CPS may explain the high isolation rate of S. intermedius. The sampling method may also be the reason of higher isolation rate for S. intermedius in accordance with the most common ones causing mastitis. All of mecA positive strains were S. intermedius and this was the another remarkable finding of our study. Because similar result was seen in only one study from Korea, while the investigation finding related to MR S. intermedius was not determined in Turkey. However, the mecA positivity found in our study was lower than the other author’s isolation rate. The difference between the sample size, geographical variations and diversity in strains may be the causes of this discrepancy. It was investigated pvl toxin gene in 182 Staphylococcus strains by PCR and found this gene in none of strains. According to this finding, it was considered that pvl gene may have not an efficient role in the pathogenesis of mastitis in terms of sampled animals and sampling area. Antibiotic resistance of 4 MR S. intermedius strains against various antibiotics commonly used in Turkey was investigated. Of methicillin resistant strains, 2, 1 and 1 were resistant to 3, 6 and 5 antibiotics, respectively. It was considered that geographical differences, number of tested isolates and diversity in MR strains may be effective on the antibiotic resistance levels. This is the first study showing the presence of mecA gene in S. intermedius strains isolated from bovine mastitic milk samples in Turkey.
13
Algammal, Abdelazeem M., Mohamed E. Enany, Reham M. El-Tarabili, Madeha O. I. Ghobashy, and Yosra A. Helmy. "Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, Virulence and Enterotoxins-Determinant Genes of MRSA Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis in Egypt." Pathogens 9, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050362.
Full textAbstract:
Subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus has worldwide public health significance. Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and the virulence and enterotoxins determinant genes of MRSA strains that caused subclinical bovine mastitis. Milk samples were collected from 120 lactating animals (50 buffaloes and 70 dairy cattle) from different farms located in Ismailia Province (Egypt). The collected samples were investigated for subclinical mastitis using a California mastitis test. The total prevalence of S. aureus was 35.9% (84/234) with 36.3% (53/146) in cattle and 31% (31/88) in buffaloes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 35.7% (30/84) of the isolated strains were resistant to cefoxitin, defined as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), with 37.7% (20/53) in cattle and 32.2% (10/31) in buffaloes. Using PCR, 100% of the tested strains harbored coa and mecA genes, while 86.6% were positive for spa gene, with remarkable gene size polymorphism. Additionally, 10% of the tested strains contained the pvl gene. Further, using multiplex PCR, 26.6% of the tested samples had sea gene, two strains had sec gene and only one strain had sea and sec genes. The seb and sed genes were absent in the tested strains. In conclusion, mecA, coa and spa virulence genes were widely distributed in MRSA strains isolated from bovine milk, whereas the sea gene was the most predominant enterotoxin gene. Notably, this is the first report that emphasizes the prevalence of pvl gene of MRSA isolated from bovine milk in Egypt.
14
Egyir, Beverly, Jeannette Bentum, Naiki Attram, Anne Fox, Noah Obeng-Nkrumah, Labi Appiah-Korang, Eric Behene, et al. "Whole Genome Sequencing and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from Surgical Site Infections in Ghana." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020196.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common cause of surgical site infections (SSIs) globally. Data on the occurrence of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among patients with surgical site infections (SSIs) in sub-Saharan African are scarce. We characterized S. aureus from SSIs in Ghana using molecular methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Wound swabs or aspirate samples were collected from subjects with SSIs. S. aureus was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS); AST was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, and results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Detection of spa, mecA, and pvl genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was done using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Samples were collected from 112 subjects, with 13 S. aureus isolates recovered. Of these, 92% were sensitive to co-trimoxazole, 77% to clindamycin, and 54% to erythromycin. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 5 (38%) isolates. The four mecA gene-positive MRSA isolates detected belonged to ST152 (n = 3) and ST5 (n = 1). In total, 62% of the isolates were positive for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) toxin gene. This study reports, for the first time, a pvl-positive ST152-t355 MRSA clone from SSIs in Ghana. The occurrence of multi-drug-resistant S. aureus epidemic clones suggests that continuous surveillance is required to monitor the spread and resistance trends of S. aureus in hospital settings in the country.
15
Watkins, Richard R., Dipendra Thapaliya, Rami Savri, and Tara Smith. "233. The Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution of Staphylococcus aureus in Northeast Ohio." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S133—S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.308.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Infections due to S. aureus result in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expense. We sought to identify the strains of S. aureus causing infections in hospitalized patients in Northeast Ohio and determine whether they are reflective of the S. aureus strains present in the surrounding environment. Methods The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Cleveland Clinic Akron General. Clinical S. aureus isolates (n = 300) were cultured and PCR was used to amplify the staphylococcus protein A (spa), Panton–Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), and mecA genes. The clinical spa types were compared with ones from our data base of S. aureus strains previously collected and sequenced from the community and environment in Northeast Ohio. Results A total of 51 spa types were detected from 129 S. aureus clinical isolates (discriminatory index, 0.876; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.827–0.925; Table 1). The most common spa types were t008 (42/129, 32.6%), t002 (16/129, 12.4%), and t334 (6/129, 4.7%). In comparison, the most frequently detected spa types from the environmental samples were t189 (40/257, 15.6%), t002 (16/257, 6.2%), and t008 (11/257, 4.3%). Among the S. aureus isolates (n = 146), 45 were PVL-positive (30.8%) and 94 (66.7%) carried mecA. Of the 42 t008 (ST8/USA300; a common community-associated strain) isolates, 35 (83.3%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (based on the presence of the mecA gene) and 25 (59.5%) were PVL-positive. Thirteen of the sixteen (81.2%) t002 (ST5/USA100; a common hospital-associated strain) were MRSA and only one (6.2%) was PVL-positive. Conclusion There is considerable overlap of S. aureus strains present in clinical samples with those found in the environment. This finding should draw attention to the need for more effective prevention strategies to reduce the risk of transmission of S. aureus, including MRSA, in the environment to humans. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
16
Petrovic-Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nada Kuljic-Kapulica, Elizabeta Ristanovic, Dragana Josic, and Zorica Lepsanovic. "Prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the district of Pomoravlje." Vojnosanitetski pregled 73, no. 3 (2016): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp140715003p.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Aim. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains appear to have rapidly disseminated among population in the community without established risk factors for MRSA worldwide. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytolytic toxin, encoded by the lukF-PV and lukF-PV genes. PVL may be the key toxin responsible for enhanced virulence of CA-MRSA. The aim of this study was to detect the genes encoding PVL in CA-MRSA isolates from healthy people from the District of Pomoravlje. Methods. We took throat and nose swabs from healthy, employed persons with mandatory sanitary examinations and analyzed the presence of MRSA, between January 2011 and December 2012 in the District of Pomoravlje. Susceptibility of isolated strains to cefoxitin was investigated by using disc diffusion according to the recommendation of CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute), and by E test. The presence of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) in Staphylococci was detected using latex agglutination Slidex ?MRSA Detection test. The gold standard, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, was used for detection of mecA gene and PVL gene, and typing of SCCmec region. Results. Our investigation showed that staphylococcal carrier state was present in 2.58% of 52,910 throat and nasal swabs, and in 50 of them (3.67%) MRSA was isolated. Among these MRSA, 2 (4%) isolates were PVL-positive. Conclusion. The prevalence of CAMRSA and the presence of PVL gene among healthy, employed population in the District of Pomoravlje were low. The values obtained in this study show that, our region is not significantly different from the other parts of our country, nor from the other European countries.
17
Akhter, Marufa Zerin, Nuheen Akter, Sunjukta Ahsan, and Fatema Moni Chowdhury. "Antibiotic Sensitivity and Virulence Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Surgical Site Infection." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 1 (September 14, 2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v38i1.55532.
Full textAbstract:
Fourteen multi drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from surgical site infection were analyzed for their antibiotic sensitivity and the presence of nine virulence genes. The isolates showed a high resistance pattern, all being resistant to methicillin, oxacillin, azithromycin, ceftazidime and amoxyclav. Seven of the isolates were sensitive to linezolid; three were sensitive to trimethoprim: sulfamethoxazol and another three were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Ceftriaxone, gentamicin and amikacin were the drugs of choice as nine (64.3%) isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, eleven (78.6%) were sensitive to gentamicin and another eleven (78.6%) to amikacin. The present study focused to identify nine important virulence genes including intrinsic methicillin resistance gene mecA, methicillin resistance assisting gene femA, toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst, exfoliative toxin A and B genes, eta and etb, Panton Valentine leukocidin gene LukS/F-PVL, along with three enterotoxin genes sec, sed and see. According to the presence of mecA gene and antibiotic resistance profile, two isolates were identified as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, another isolate, despite harbouring both mecA and femA genes, was sensitive to ceftriaxone which excluded it from being considered as an MRSA. Thus, the ratio of MRSA can be considered to be quite high (2/14) among the strains. Interestingly, most of the isolates (10/14) harboured femA gene, the majority of which were mecA negative with an MSSA type antibiotic profile. Although considered as a marker for community acquired MRSA, LukS/F-PV was found in half of these nosocomial isolates. Five, four and two of the isolates harboured etb, tst and sec gene, respectively. However, all the isolates were negative for eta, sed and see genes. Two isolates showed the co-existance of “femA, LukS/F-PV, etb, and tst” genes. Another two virulence gene patterns observed were “femA, mecA, tst, sec” and “femA, LukS/F-PV, etb”. The presence of several virulence genes can be correlated to the highly pathogenic nature of the isolates.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 1, June 2021, pp 21-26
18
Mahdavi, Fatemeh, Fatemeh Zaboli, and Rahem Khoshbakht. "Characteristics of Erythromycin Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Raw Milk." International Journal of Enteric Pathogens 7, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijep.2019.25.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are one of the most important multidrug resistant microorganisms that threaten human health. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of erythromycin resistance among MRSA isolates recovered from raw milk in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 MRSA isolates were recovered from raw milk. Tests for erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibility and inducible clindamycin resistance were done. In addition, the presence of the methicillin resistance determinant (mecA), erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA) and an important virulence gene (Panton– Valentine leukocidin) were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Forty-eight percent (24/50) and 46% (23/50) of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Seven (14%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance phenotype. The mecA gene was detected in 88% (44/50) of MRSA isolates. The incidence of the ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA genes was 14%, 64%, 12%, and 26%, respectively and the PVL gene was present in 18% (9/50) of MRSA isolates. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the incidence of erythromycin resistance genes and inducible clindamycin-resistant MRSA strains was high in raw milk samples in Iran.
19
LUDDEN, C., G. BRENNAN, D. MORRIS, B. AUSTIN, B. O'CONNELL, and M. CORMICAN. "Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from residents and the environment in a long-term care facility." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 14 (February 2, 2015): 2985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815000072.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major public health concern associated with residence in a long-term care facility (LTCF). The aim of this prospective study was to characterize MRSA isolated from residents over a 1-year period and their physical environment over a 2-year period. MRSA was recovered from 17/64 residents (R) of a LTCF and from 42 environmental (E) sites. All isolates carried the mecA gene and lacked the mecC and Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. Thirteen spa types were identified with t032 being the most frequent (41% of total; n = 8R, 16E), followed by t727 (22% of total; n = 13E), and t8783 (10% of total; n = 6E). Five spa types were each represented by single isolates. Thirty-nine isolates were of spa types associated with the multilocus sequence type ST22 (t032, 41%; spa-CC22, 68%) and reflect the predominance of ST22 in Irish hospitals. The uncommon spa types t727, t8783, t1372, t3130, t10038 were present in the environment but not detected in residents and are infrequently observed in Ireland.
20
Albarrag, Ahmed, Ashwag Shami, Abrar Almutairi, Sara Alsudairi, Sumayh Aldakeel, and Amani Al-Amodi. "Prevalence and Molecular Genetics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Nursing Homes in Saudi Arabia." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2020 (June 3, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2434350.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causative agents of nosocomial infections that has posed a major threat to those with compromised immune systems such as nursing home residents. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of MRSA strains and the types of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec)in nursing homes in Saudi Arabia. Methods. A total of 188 nasal swabs were collected from the residents and nursing staff in two nursing homes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All MRSA isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and analyzed for mecA and SCCmec typing by multiplex PCR assay. Detection of the Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene was also tested in all positive MRSA isolates by multiplex PCR using specific primers. Results. Among the 188 collected nasal swabs (105 males and 83 females), MRSA colonization rate was 9.04% (11 (5.85%) females and 6 (5.71%) males). About 47% of MRSA were multidrug resistant (MDR) as acquired resistance to beta-lactam, macrolide, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. However, all the MRSA isolates showed susceptibility to vancomycin, tigecycline, and linezolid. All the MRSA isolates (n = 17) were mecA-positive with the SCCmec IVc (n = 7, 41.18%) as the most common SCCmec type followed by SCCmec V (n = 5, 29.41%) and SCCmec IVa (n = 2, 11.76%). The remaining isolates (n = 3) were nontypeable (17.65%). In addition, the PVL toxin gene was only detected in four of the male samples. Conclusion. MRSA nasal colonization is a common incident among nursing home residents. The prevalence of community-associated (CA) MRSA (SCCmec IV and V) was more common than hospital-associated (HA) MRSA in our study samples. It is crucial to investigate such rate of incidence, which is a key tool in preventive medicine and would aid in determining health policy and predict emergent outbreaks.
21
Muhamad, Shno Jalal, Khanda Abdulateef Anwar, and Sherko Ali Omer. "BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PCR DETECTION OF PVL, MSRA AND MECA GENES AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM BURN WOUNDS." Journal of Sulaimani Medical College 9, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jsmc.10230.
Full text
22
Montanaro, Lucio, Lucilla Baldassarri, Tolmino Corazzari, Roberta Creti, Stefano Ravaioli, Ilaria Cangini, Valter Pirini, et al. "Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene Detected in a Staphylococcus Aureus Strain Isolated from a Knee Arthroprosthesis Infection." International Journal of Artificial Organs 32, no. 9 (September 2009): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880903200912.
Full textAbstract:
This report focuses on the molecular characterization of a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a knee arthroprosthesis infection and recognized retrospectively as a carrier of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene. The stored microbiological isolate, which belonged to the strain collection of the Research Unit on Implant Infections of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, was retrieved for molecular analysis. Genotyping was carried out, revealing an interesting profile. In addition to the positivity for the Panton-Valentine toxin gene, the results indicated that the isolate belonged to the agr III group and was endowed with bbp and cna genes, both encoding for staphylococcal adhesins that bind bone proteins. The strain had the mecA gene for methicillin resistance, even though it was unable to resist any of the β-lactam or other antibiotics. Its gene configuration matched that of other community-acquired methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA) strains which have recently been reported worldwide. As far as we know, this is the first report on a PVL-positive S. aureus strain associated with an orthopedic implant (knee arthroprosthesis) infection.
23
Elnageh, Hiam R., Murad A. Hiblu, Mohamed Salah Abbassi, Yousef M. Abouzeed, and Mohamed O. Ahmed. "Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus species isolated from cats and dogs." Open Veterinary Journal 10, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v10i4.13.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) are an emerging global problem with serious public health concern.Aims: This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Staphylococcus species isolated from healthy and clinical cats and dogs.Methods: Nasal swab samples were collected from animals and processed using selective and semi-selective mediums. Presumptive isolates were subjected to biochemical testing and analyzed using the Phoenix automated identification and susceptibility testing system. PCRs protocols were used to screen for mecA and pvl genes.Results: In total, 151 pets (103 cats and 48 dogs) were enrolled, of which 14 dogs (29%) and 24 cats (23%) were colonized with various Staphylococcus species mainly originated from healthy animals. A total of 38 staphylococci isolates were collected and distributed between 24 coagulase-negative and 14 coagulase-positive staphylococci. Only 13 staphylococci strains were identified as MRS, out of which only five isolates expressed that the mecA gene exclusively originated from healthy pets.Conclusion: This is the first study reporting the prevalence and colonization status of staphylococci species and MRS strains isolated from cats and dogs in Libya. The study reports important information of medical and clinical importance on antimicrobial and multidrug resistance of different staphylococci strains, particularly the coagulase negative species.
24
Helal, Zeinab, Heba Mohamed, Hadir ElMahallawy, and Salwa Afifi. "MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS OUTPATIENTS AND THEIR CORRELATION TO MRSA COLONIZATION AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS." Bacterial Empire 2, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/be.2019.2.4.70-75.
Full textAbstract:
The carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among dialysis patients is remarkable not only in terms of the risks of developing infections, but also in playing a principle part in transmission among dialysis unit staff. The aim of this study was to detect the colonization of Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA carriage. Also, our aim was to determine the relatedness of MRSA isolates and the potential routes of transmission using PCR- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Hemodialysis Unit of El Zagazig General Hospital, a tertiary medical center in Sharqia, Egypt. This study was conducted on 150 chronic hemodialysis outpatients and 200 non clinical control samples including environmental and healthcare workers (HCWs). Antibiotic susceptibility by VITEK-2 and disc diffusion, PCR amplification of mecA, pvl and coa genes and RFLP-PCR were conducted during the study period. In this study 3.3% of the patients and 3.2% of HCWs colonized with pvl positive MRSA. Fifty percent of MRSA isolates showed a single band PCR product amplification of 810bp fragment corresponding to coa gene. Ten distinct MRSA RFLP banding patterns designated as H1-H10 were obtained. The majority of strains belonged to RFLP banding pattern H1 (33.33%).The prevalence of MRSA carriage among hemodialysis patients was 14% and 9.7 % among HCWs with similar polymorphism patterns. The presence of one major coa gene type confirmed the occurrence of hospital acquired-associated MRSA.
25
Jayanthi, S., S. H. Shifa Meharaj, D. Danisvijay, A. Sujhithra, and J. Perumal. "Multiplex PCR based detection of mecA, mecC and PVL gene in analysis of prevalence, circulation, transmission of MSSA/MRSA strains in a tertiary care hospital." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 5, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2019.034.
Full text
26
Ali, F. S., A. M. Lupindu, R. H. Mdegela, and A. J. Mmoch. "Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh Indian Mackerel Fish." Tanzania Veterinary Journal 37 (November 16, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v37i.3s.
Full textAbstract:
Fish provide important protein to human population. The procedures to preserve and maintain quality of fish from fishing until consumption can play a role in contamination with pathogens. Consumption of contaminated sea food products such as fish may lead to food poisoning. Knowledge about the spectrum of fish bacterial contaminants may assist in prevention of contamination and control food poisoning incidences. The present study aimed at characterizing and estimating prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh Indian Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from landing sites in Unguja Island. A total of 400 Indian Mackerel Fish were collected from landing sites in Unguja Island and from each fish two samples, skin swab and muscle, were collected. The primary culture was obtained from Mannitol salt agar, Nutrient and Blood agar followed by Gram staining, catalase coagulase tests. PCR targeting 16S rRNA, nuc, mecA, pvl, spa and enterotoxin genes was run to genetically characterize isolates and identify S. aureus. The result indicates that there was growth of bacteria in 359 (89.75%) fish skin swabs and 102 (25.5%) in fish muscle samples. Based on biochemical tests, 27 isolates (6.75%) were confirmed to be Staphylococcus bacteria. Of the 27 isolates, seven (1.75%) were confirmed S. aureus based on PCR. All 27 isolates confirmed to be positive in 16Sr RNA gene, two isolates demonstrated mecA gene and one had SEB and SEC. Detection of S. aureus in fresh Indian Mackerel Fish at landing sites poses a contamination risk to other critical points along the value chain and threatens public health
27
Ali, F. S., A. M. Lupindu, R. H. Mdegela, and A. J. Mmoch. "Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh Indian Mackerel Fish." Tanzania Veterinary Journal 37 (November 16, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v37i1.3s.
Full textAbstract:
Fish provide important protein to human population. The procedures to preserve and maintain quality of fish from fishing until consumption can play a role in contamination with pathogens. Consumption of contaminated sea food products such as fish may lead to food poisoning. Knowledge about the spectrum of fish bacterial contaminants may assist in prevention of contamination and control food poisoning incidences. The present study aimed at characterizing and estimating prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh Indian Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from landing sites in Unguja Island. A total of 400 Indian Mackerel Fish were collected from landing sites in Unguja Island and from each fish two samples, skin swab and muscle, were collected. The primary culture was obtained from Mannitol salt agar, Nutrient and Blood agar followed by Gram staining, catalase coagulase tests. PCR targeting 16S rRNA, nuc, mecA, pvl, spa and enterotoxin genes was run to genetically characterize isolates and identify S. aureus. The result indicates that there was growth of bacteria in 359 (89.75%) fish skin swabs and 102 (25.5%) in fish muscle samples. Based on biochemical tests, 27 isolates (6.75%) were confirmed to be Staphylococcus bacteria. Of the 27 isolates, seven (1.75%) were confirmed S. aureus based on PCR. All 27 isolates confirmed to be positive in 16Sr RNA gene, two isolates demonstrated mecA gene and one had SEB and SEC. Detection of S. aureus in fresh Indian Mackerel Fish at landing sites poses a contamination risk to other critical points along the value chain and threatens public health
28
Scherer, Carolina B., Larissa S. Botoni, Antônio U. Carvalho, Kelly M. Keller, and Adriane P. Costa-Val. "Ceftaroline resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius gene mecA carriers." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 12 (December 2018): 2233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5680.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being a constant concern, ceftaroline fosamil has been recently approved as a new cephalosporin, active against MRSA, for use in humans; only rare cases of resistance have been reported till date. There is no report of resistance to ceftaroline in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is the main bacterium causing dermatitis and otitis in dogs. To evaluate staphylococcal resistance to ceftaroline, 35 isolates of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), carrying the mecA gene, from 26 dogs with folliculitis and nine dogs with external otitis, underwent disk diffusion test with cefoxitin, oxacillin, and ceftaroline. Tests with cefoxitin and oxacillin showed > 90% sensitivity in methicillin resistance detection. In the disk diffusion test, 97.14% (34/35) were resistant to cefoxitin, 94.29% (33/35) to oxacillin, and 31.43% (11/35) to ceftaroline. Of the ceftaroline-resistant strains, 27.27% (3/11) were obtained from the ears of dogs while the rest (8/11) were from the skin. The current report is the first description of MRSP resistance to ceftaroline.
29
Sultan, Amira, and Yasmin Nabiel. "Association of tsst-1 and pvl with mecA Genes among Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.13.2.21.
Full text
30
Šťástková, Z., S. Karpíšková, and R. Karpíšková. "Findings of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in livestock." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 2 (January 3, 2010): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/209/2009-cjfs.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of our study was to determine the occurrence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at dairy farms in the Czech Republic. Altogether 1061 samples from 95 farms were examined. The samples analysed were milk (individual and bulk tank milk samples), animal swabs and swabs from the farm environment. In total, 299 S. aureus isolates were obtained, of which 23 were MRSA. These MRSA isolates originated from three farms (13 isolates from farm A and 5 isolates from each of farms B and C). All MRSA isolates carried the mecA gene while none of them carried the genes for PVL, TSST-1 and exfoliatins. Only the isolates from goat farm C were positive for the genes encoding enterotoxins. By SCCmec typing, the strains were classified as community-associated MRSA carrying SCCmec IV or V. This study revealed that animals can be an important source of methicillin resistant staphylococci and represent a potential hazard of further spread.
31
Socohou, Akim, Haziz Sina, Cyriaque Degbey, Tomabu Adjobimey, Edna Sossou, Bawa Boya, Christine N’tcha, Hubert Adoukonou-Sagbadja, Adolphe Adjanohoun, and Lamine Baba-Moussa. "Pathogenicity and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from the Hospital Environment of CHU-Z Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava (Benin)." BioMed Research International 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6637617.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen present on a third of the healthy population. The bacterium possesses an extensive arsenal of virulence factors. The pathogenicity is linked with S. aureus high plasticity and its exceptional ability to incorporate foreign genetic material. The aim of the present study was to perform molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the clinical environment of the CHU-Z Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus bacterium was performed on Chapman agar. Toxin production by isolated S. aureus strains was investigated using the radial immunoprecipitation technique. A colorimetric assay was used to evaluate Staphylococcus aureus lipase (SA-Lipase) production. Finally, the expression of antibiotic resistance genes and genes encoding toxins production was investigated. Our data suggest that none of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains expressed the investigated toxin genes. Interestingly, SA-Lipase was produced by 14.28% of our isolated S. aureus strains. The mecA gene was present in 57.14% of the isolated strains, while PVL and TSST-1 genes were identified in 2.85 and 7.14% of S. aureus, respectively. Significant genetic diversity was observed along the hospital environment S. aureus strains. The present study reveals the level of virulence of S. aureus strains isolated in the different units of CHU-Z Abomey Calavi/Sô-Ava through the production of lipase, PVL, and epidermolysins. The molecular study has favored a genetic characterization within the isolated strains.
32
Stastkova, Z., S. Karpiskova, and R. Karpiskova. "Occurrence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus at a goat breeding farm." Veterinární Medicína 54, No. 9 (October 30, 2009): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/88/2009-vetmed.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to report the detection of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) strains at a veterinary university goat breeding farm and their characteristics. A total of 278 samples collected from animals, milk, environment and farm personnel between June 2006 and March 2008 were examined. The identification of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates was performed by a species specific PCR assay. All detected isolates were tested for resistance to oxacillin and other antimicrobials by phenotypic methods and for the <i>mecA</i> gene by PCR method. Eight MRSA were detected in this study. Five of them originated from goat’s milk and three were recovered from one human carrier of the farm personnel. All obtained MRSA isolates were clonally consistent and were characterized as: <i>SCCmec</i> type IV, spa type t064, seb positive and for genes encoding TSST-1, PVL and exfoliative toxins A and B negative.
33
Dayie, Nicholas T. K. D., Mary-Magdalene Osei, Japheth A. Opintan, Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo, Fleischer C. N. Kotey, John Ahenkorah, Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu, Beverly Egyir, and Eric S. Donkor. "Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus among Children under Five Years in Accra." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020136.
Full textAbstract:
This cross-sectional study investigated the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasopharyngeal carriage epidemiology in Accra approximately five years post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccines introduction in the country. Archived nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 410 children aged under five years old were bacteriologically cultured. The resultant S. aureus isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screening for carriage of the mecA and LukF-PV (pvl) genes, following standard procedures. The data obtained were analyzed with Statistical Products and Services Solutions (SPSS) using descriptive statistics and Chi square tests of associations. The isolated bacteria decreased across coagulase-negative Staphylococci (47.3%, n = 194), S. aureus (23.2%, n = 95), Diphtheroids (5.4%, n = 22), Micrococcus species (3.7%, n = 15), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.2%, n = 13), Moraxella species and Citrobacter species (1.5% each, n = 6), Escherichia coli, Enterobacter species, and Pseudomonas species (0.9% each, n = 2). The MRSA carriage prevalence was 0.49% (n = 2). Individuals aged 37–48 months recorded the highest proportion of S. aureus carriage (32.6%, 31/95). Resistance of S. aureus to the antibiotics tested were penicillin G (97.9%, n = 93), amoxiclav (20%, n = 19), tetracycline (18.9%, n = 18), erythromycin (5.3%, n = 5), ciprofloxacin (2.1%, n = 2), gentamicin (1.1%, n = 1), cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin (0% each). No inducible clindamycin resistance was observed for the erythromycin-resistant isolates. Three (3.2%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant, of which 66.7% (2/3) were MRSA. The pvl gene was associated with 59.14% (55/93) of the methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, but was not detected among any of the MRSA isolates.
34
Salmanov, Aidyn G., Taras P. Bondar, Yaroslav V. Shkorbotun, Evelina A. Chumak, Volodymyr O. Shkorbotun, Olena V. Dementieva, and Vadim V. Pererva. "PREVALENCE OF NASAL CARRIAGE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN THE DEPARTMENTS OF OTORINOLARYNGOLOGY AND DENTISTRY IN KYIV, UKRAINE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 12 (2020): 2563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012101.
Full textAbstract:
The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current prevalence of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the departments of Otorinolaryngology and Dentistry and to determine of genes virulence factors (Panton Valentine Leukocidine (PVL) genes). Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. The virulence factor encoding genes, mecA, lukS-lukF, were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Incidence rate of S. aureus nasal carriage among HCWs was 36.2%, whereas MRSA carriage was 17%. Prevalence of MRSA carriage rate was 34.9% in Otorhinolaryngology departments and 9.7% in Dentistry. PCR testing confirmed that all MRSA strains were mecA gene-positive. The virulence factor encoding genes were detected in 82.3% of the S. aureus isolates from HCWs. Among S.aureus, the lukS-lukF genes were detected in over 59% of the strains. The lukS-lukF genes were detected in 55.5% of MRSA and in 58.9% of MSSA strains. LukS-lukF genes were most commonly co-present in MRSA strains. No significant difference was detected between the occurrences of lukS-lukF genes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Personnell in otorhinolaryngology and dentistry departments have a high rate of nasal colonization of MRSA. This carrier state may be an important risk factor for transmission MRSA from physicians and nurses to patients and vice-versa. Screening for MRSA nasal carriage of HCWs is a key element in enabling infection control measures and early therapeutic decisions.
35
Wolters, Manuel, Hagen Frickmann, Martin Christner, Anna Both, Holger Rohde, Kwabena Oppong, Charity Wiafe Akenten, Jürgen May, and Denise Dekker. "Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chronic Infected Wounds in Rural Ghana." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8122052.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Globally, Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterial pathogen causing a wide range of community and hospital acquired infections. In Ghana, resistance of S. aureus to locally available antibiotics is increasing but the molecular basis of resistance and the population structure of S. aureus in particular in chronic wounds are poorly described. However, this information is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of resistance and spread of resistant clones. We therefore subjected 28 S. aureus isolates from chronic infected wounds in a rural area of Ghana to whole genome sequencing. Results: Overall, resistance of S. aureus to locally available antibiotics was high and 29% were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The most abundant sequence type was ST88 (29%, 8/28) followed by ST152 (18%, 5/28). All ST88 carried the mecA gene, which was associated with this sequence type only. Chloramphenicol resistance gene fexB was exclusively associated with the methicillin-resistant ST88 strains. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) carriage was associated with ST121 and ST152. Other detected mechanisms of resistance included dfrG, conferring resistance to trimethoprim. Conclusions: This study provides valuable information for understanding the population structure and resistance mechanisms of S. aureus isolated from chronic wound infections in rural Ghana.
36
Machado, Thamiris Santana, Felipe Ramos Pinheiro, Lialyz Soares Pereira Andre, Renata Freire Alves Pereira, Reginaldo Fernandes Correa, Gabriela Coutinho de Mello, Tainara Aparecida Nunes Ribeiro, Bruno Penna, Daniela Sachs, and Fábio Aguiar-Alves. "Virulence Factors Found in Nasal Colonization and Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates and Their Ability to Form a Biofilm." Toxins 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010014.
Full textAbstract:
Hospitalizations related to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequent, increasing mortality and health costs. In this way, this study aimed to compare the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates that colonize and infect patients seen at two hospitals in the city of Niterói—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 147 samples collected between March 2013 and December 2015 were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the protein A (SPA) gene, the mec staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec), mecA, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), icaC, icaR, ACME, and hla virulence genes. The strength of biofilm formation has also been exploited. The prevalence of SCCmec type IV (77.1%) was observed in the colonization group; however, in the invasive infection group, SCCmec type II was prevalent (62.9%). The Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), ST5/ST30, and ST5/ST239 analyses were the most frequent clones in colonization, and invasive infection isolates, respectively. Among the isolates selected to assess the ability to form a biofilm, 51.06% were classified as strong biofilm builders. Surprisingly, we observed that isolates other than the Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC) have appeared in Brazilian hospitals. The virulence profile has changed among these isolates since the ACME type I and II genes were also identified in this collection.
37
Vyletělová, M., H. Vlková, and I. Manga. "Occurrence and characteristics of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in raw milk manufacturing." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, Special Issue (January 4, 2012): S11—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4443-cjfs.
Full textAbstract:
For monitoring the occurrence of MRSA (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and MR-CNS (methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci), cow’s, goat’s, and sheep’s milks (bulk milks and individual samples) were investigated. Human nasal and throat swabs of the farm staff and nasal swabs of animals were also investigated as well. In total 1729 samples were examined and 634 strains were isolated by means of the cultivation method and used in this study. Generic identification of the staphylococci isolates was done performed by biochemical tests and all S. aureus and CNS isolates were checked by the PCR method for the presence of mecA gene which is responsible for methicillin resistance. The presence of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and genes encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst) was detected in all strains confirmed as MRSA. The species were also examined for antimicrobial susceptibility by using disk diffusion method with antibiotic disks. S. aureus was the most frequently identified species from the samples tested (n = 557; 32.2%), followed by S. haemolyticus (n = 32; 1.9%), S. chromogenes (n = 24; 1.4%), S. epidermidis (n = 20; 1.2%), and S. caprae (n = 1; 0.16%). Among the resistant staphylococci (n = 49), S. aureus (n = 25; 51%) was found the most frequently, followed by S. epidermidis (n = 17; 34.7%), S. chromogenes (n = 6; 12.2%), and S. haemolyticus (n = 1; 2%). The resistant Staphyloccocus sp. occurred mainly in cow’s milk (MRSA, S. epidermidis, S. chromogenes, S. haemolyticus) and in animal’s swabs (S. epidermidis). One MRSA was also found in goat’s milk and one was isolated from human swab. No resistant strains were found in sheep’s milk. The negative results of the analysed genes presence (pvl, tst) were identical with all MRSA tested. The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) was classified as type IV or V.
38
Mourabit, Nadira, Abdelhay Arakrak, Mohammed Bakkali, and Amin Laglaoui. "Nasal carriage of sequence type 22 MRSA and livestock-associated ST398 clones in Tangier, Morocco." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 11, no. 07 (July 31, 2017): 536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9235.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: This study aimed to provide data of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage as well as to determine the genetic lineages of this circulating MRSA in the Tangier community.
Methodology: Between 2012 and 2013 two subpopulations consisting of randomly chosen healthy volunteers and outpatients in 11 healthcare facilities were screened. The antibiotic resistance phenotype was determined by disk diffusion. Toxin Panton-Valentin Leukocidin (PVL), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene (tst), and mecA were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nasal swabs were obtained from persons with no identified risk factors for MRSA acquisition. MRSA molecular typing was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec, and Staphylococcus protein A (spa) typing.
Results: A total of400 subjects (33.3%) were nasally colonized with S. aureus, and 17 (1.4%) were nasal carriers of MRSA. The analysis did not identify age, gender, and the two subpopulations as predictors for MRSA colonization. MRSA were more likely to harbor the tst gene (p < 0.05). This work highlighted a low prevalence of nasal MRSA carriage, with 52.94% belonging to sequence type (ST) ST22. The remaining isolates were distributed as singletons (ST8, ST1, and ST398), whereas approximately one-third of MRSA was not identified, including three novel spa-types (t13247, t13248, and t13249).
Conclusions: Although we highlighted the current clones present in the Tangier community, they are limited in space and time. Therefore, further studies would be required to obtain a comprehensive picture of the dissemination of MRSA in the community, hospital, and livestock.
39
Goudarzi, Mehdi, Fattaneh Sabzehali, Mohsen Heidary, Hadi Azimi, and Hossein Goudarzi. "Molecular investigation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates from blood: USA600 emerges as the major type." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 05 (May 31, 2018): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9959.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The widespread emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is turning into a real worry in public health. The goals of the present study were to identify resistance and virulence encoding genes and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus bloodstream isolates.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 S. aureus bloodstream isolates during a 10-month period. To evaluate antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates, we used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In addition, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and toxins genes was assessed using polymerase chain reaction. Isolates were typed according to polymorphisms seven housekeeping genes by MLST.
Results: All the isolates were resistant to methicillin. The most prevalent resistance gene was mecA gene (100%) followed by tetM (57.1%), aac (6΄)-Ie/aph (2˝) (53.6%), ant (4΄)-Ia (46.4%), ermA (45.2%), msrA (35.7%), msrB (33.3%), aph (3΄)-IIIa (33.3%), ermB (31%), ermC (16.7%), and mupA (14.3%) genes. The presence of toxin encoding genes tst, pvl, eta, and etb were detected in 25%, 14.3%, 3.6% and 3.6%, respectively. The isolates were classified into five different sequence types: ST45 (29.8%), ST239 (27.4%), ST858 (21.4%), ST22 (17.8%), and ST59 (3.6%). All the high-level mupirocin-resistant (HLMUPR) strains belonged to ST239, while the low-level mupirocin resistant (LLMUPR) strains belonged to ST22 (13%) and ST239 (6%).
Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of ST59 in MRSA bloodstream isolates in Iran. Our data demonstrated the need for thorough epidemiological monitoring to detect emergence and dissemination of MDR- MRSA types in our hospitals.
40
Lafta, Inam Jasim, and Mohammed Jasim Najem. "Characterization of Mannitol Fermenter and Salt Tolerant Staphylococci from Breast Tumor Biopsies of Iraqi Women." Baghdad Science Journal 17, no. 2 (May 10, 2020): 0415. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.2.0415.
Full textAbstract:
The emergence of staphylococci, either coagulase negative (CNS) or coagulase positive (CPS), as important human pathogens has implied that reliable methods for their identification are of large significance in understanding the diseases caused by them. The identification and characterization of staphylococci from biopsies taken from human breast tumors is reported here. Out of 32 tissue biopsies, a total of 12 suspected staphylococci grew on mannitol salt agar (MSA) medium, including 7 fermenters and 5 non-fermenter staphylococci based on traditional laboratory methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) successfully identified seven isolates at the genus level as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp. by targeting a common region of the mecA gene. Only two of the seven bacteria were S. aureus based on the three-specific primers designed to amplify the housekeeping gene recN, and two of the virulence genes icaD and pvl. Diagnosing the isolates using the Vitek system revealed different findings. Although 6 of 7 isolates belonged to the Staphylococcus genus, including: S. cohnii subsp. cohnii, 2 isolates; S. lentus, 2 isolates; and one isolate for each S. auricularis and S. xylosus, the last bacterium was completely different (Aerococcus viridans). Concerning the two bacteria characterised as S. aureus by PCR, they were identified as S. lentus by Vitek with comparatively low detection probabilities of 93% and 88%. The data of this study indicate that undoubtedly PCR is a reliable and accurate test for identification of mannitol fermenter and salt tolerant bacteria in comparison with other tests that depend mainly on biochemical characteristics.
41
McCurdy, Sandra, Kara Keedy, Laura Lawrence, Amanda Sheets, and Megan Quintas. "2230. Analysis of the Microbiological Data from the Delafloxacin (DLX) Phase 3 Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) Trial." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S761—S762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1908.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background DLX is a novel fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic with Gram-positive/MRSA, Gram-negative and atypical activity. It offers IV and oral treatment with no QT restrictions. In a Phase 3 study in CABP patients, DLX was non-inferior to moxifloxacin (MOX) in the primary endpoint, early clinical response at 96 ± 24 hours (88.9 vs. 89.0; 95% CI: −4.4, 4.1) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. A detailed microbiological analysis was conducted. Methods CABP pathogens were identified by culture/non-culture methods. Pathogens identified by non-culture methods included Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp; culture, urinary antigen [UA], nasopharyngeal [NP] swab lytA PCR), Legionella pneumophila (Lp) (culture, UA, serology), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp; culture, serology), and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp; serology). All other pathogens were identified using culture only. For Sp cultured from NP, a concomitant lytA PCR value of ≥ 1000 gene copies/mL was required. All isolates underwent susceptibility testing, and a subset of isolates underwent molecular or phenotypic characterization including whole-genome sequencing for FQ resistance mechanisms, PCR for PVL/mecA genes (S. aureus), β-lactamases (Haemophilus/Moraxella spp), and serotyping (Sp). Results Included in submitted image. Conclusion DLX demonstrated potent in vitro and clinical activity against CABP pathogens, including Sp [MRSP, MDRSP, PRSP], MRSA, Haemophilus species, Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and the atypical pathogens Cp, Mp, and Lp. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
42
Antók, Fruzsina Irén, Rosa Mayrhofer, Helene Marbach, Jean Claude Masengesho, Helga Keinprecht, Vedaste Nyirimbuga, Otto Fischer, et al. "Characterization of Antibiotic and Biocide Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis in Rwanda." Antibiotics 9, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010001.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted from July to August 2018 on milk samples taken at dairy farms in the Northern Province and Kigali District of Rwanda in order to identify Staphylococcus spp. associated with bovine intramammary infection. A total of 161 staphylococcal isolates originating from quarter milk samples of 112 crossbred dairy cattle were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and isolates were examined for the presence of various resistance genes. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were also analyzed for the presence of virulence factors, genotyped by spa typing and further phenotypically subtyped for capsule expression using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Selected S. aureus were characterized using DNA microarray technology, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome sequencing. All mecA-positive staphylococci were further genotyped using dru typing. In total, 14 different staphylococcal species were detected, with S. aureus being most prevalent (26.7%), followed by S. xylosus (22.4%) and S. haemolyticus (14.9%). A high number of isolates was resistant to penicillin and tetracycline. Various antimicrobial and biocide resistance genes were detected. Among S. aureus, the Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes, as well as bovine leukocidin (LukM/LukF-P83) genes, were detected in two and three isolates, respectively, of which two also carried the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tsst-1 bovine variant. t1236 was the predominant spa type. FTIR-based capsule serotyping revealed a high prevalence of non-encapsulated S. aureus isolates (89.5%). The majority of the selected S. aureus isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 97 which was determined using DNA microarray based assignment. Three new MLST sequence types were detected.
43
Preeja, Puthiya Purayil, Sanath H. Kumar, and Veena Shetty. "Prevalence and Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Community- and Hospital-Associated Infections: A Tertiary Care Center Study." Antibiotics 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020197.
Full textAbstract:
The community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become increasingly prevalent in both community and hospital settings. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance profiles of CA-MRSA from community- and hospital-associated infections in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, India. Of 520 S. aureus isolates, 362 were from inpatients (IP) and 158 were from outpatients (OP). One-hundred and thirty-two MRSA isolates obtained from 94 inpatients and 38 outpatients with complete clinical details were further analyzed. Of these, 81 (61.4%) were CA-MRSA (IP-47.9%, OP-94.7%) and 51 (38.6%) were HA-MRSA (IP-52.1%, OP-5.3%). All (100%) MRSA isolates were mecA gene positive. SCCmec typing identified SCCmec type IV (50.6%) and SCCmec type V (66.7%) in CA-MRSA, while SCCmec type I (41.2%), SCCmec type III (19.6%), SCCmec type IV (31.4%) and SCCmec type V (25.5%) were detected in HA-MRSA isolates. The Panton–Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) gene was found in 70.4% of CA-MRSA, 43.1% of HA-MRSA with SCCmec type IV and SCCmec type V, and in 7.8% of true HA-MRSA. The antibiotic resistance profiles were determined by the disc diffusion method. Resistance to cefoxitin was used to identify MRSA. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA with respect to resistance against cephalexin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin, linezolid and teicoplanin. CA-MRSA was predominantly resistant to ciprofloxacin (86.4%), erythromycin (66.7%), ofloxacin (49.4%), cefotaxime (44.4%), gentamicin (40.7%) and clindamycin (40.7%), while HA-MRSA showed resistance against ciprofloxacin (80.4%), erythromycin (80.1%), cefotaxime (70.6%),ofloxacin (58.8%), clindamycin (47.1%) and levofloxacin (41.2%).This study reports the prevalence of CA-MRSA in community and hospital settings and the possibility of multidrug-resistant CA-MRSA replacing HA-MRSA in hospitals. The observations from our study emphasize the need for urgent measures to manage this emerging crisis in healthcare settings.
44
Alfarano, A., S. Indraccolo, P. Circosta, S. Minuzzo, A. Vallario, R. Zamarchi, A. Fregonese, et al. "An Alternatively Spliced Form of CD79b Gene May Account for Altered B-Cell Receptor Expression in B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 93, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 2327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.7.2327.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Several functional anomalies of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells may be explained by abnormalities of the B-cell receptor (BCR), a multimeric complex formed by the sIg homodimer and the noncovalently bound heterodimer Ig/Igβ (CD79a/CD79b). Because the expression of the extracellular Ig-like domain of CD79b has been reported to be absent in the cells of most CLL cases, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms that may account for this defect. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 50 patients and two cell lines (MEC1, MEC2) obtained from the PBL of one of them were studied. MEC1, MEC2, and 75% of CLL cases did not express detectable levels of the extracellular Ig-like domain of CD79b, which was nevertheless present in greater than 80% CD19+ cells from normal donors. In healthy subjects the expression of CD79b was equally distributed in CD5+ and CD5− B-cell subsets. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of CD79b RNA from all patients and from MEC1 and MEC2 cell lines consistently yielded two fragments of different size (709 bp and 397 bp). The 709-bp band corresponds to CD79b entire transcript; the 397-bp band corresponds to an alternatively spliced form lacking exon 3 that encodes the extracellular Ig-like domain. Both fragments were also visible in normal PBL. The expression of the 397-bp fragment was increased in normal activated B cells, while no difference was seen between CD5+ and CD5− B cells. To obtain a more accurate estimate of the relative proportions of the two spliced forms, a radioactive PCR was performed in 13 normal and 22 B-CLL samples and the results analyzed using a digital imager. The mean value of the CD79b to the CD79b internally deleted ratio was 0.64 ± 0.20 SD in normal donors and 0.44 ± 0.27 SD in B-CLL (P = .01). Direct sequencing of 397-bp RT-PCR products and of genomic DNA corresponding to exon 3 from MEC1, MEC2, their parental cells, and five fresh B-CLL samples did not show any causal mutation. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of exon 3 performed in 18 additional B-CLL cases showed a single abnormal shift corresponding to a TGT → TGC polymorphic change at amino acid 122. We propose a role for the alternative splicing of CD79b gene in causing the reduced expression of BCR on the surface of B-CLL cells. As normal B cells also present this variant, the mechanism of CD79b posttranscriptional regulation might reflect the activation stage of the normal B cell from which B-CLL derives.
45
Alfarano, A., S. Indraccolo, P. Circosta, S. Minuzzo, A. Vallario, R. Zamarchi, A. Fregonese, et al. "An Alternatively Spliced Form of CD79b Gene May Account for Altered B-Cell Receptor Expression in B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 93, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 2327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.7.2327.407a08_2327_2335.
Full textAbstract:
Several functional anomalies of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells may be explained by abnormalities of the B-cell receptor (BCR), a multimeric complex formed by the sIg homodimer and the noncovalently bound heterodimer Ig/Igβ (CD79a/CD79b). Because the expression of the extracellular Ig-like domain of CD79b has been reported to be absent in the cells of most CLL cases, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms that may account for this defect. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 50 patients and two cell lines (MEC1, MEC2) obtained from the PBL of one of them were studied. MEC1, MEC2, and 75% of CLL cases did not express detectable levels of the extracellular Ig-like domain of CD79b, which was nevertheless present in greater than 80% CD19+ cells from normal donors. In healthy subjects the expression of CD79b was equally distributed in CD5+ and CD5− B-cell subsets. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of CD79b RNA from all patients and from MEC1 and MEC2 cell lines consistently yielded two fragments of different size (709 bp and 397 bp). The 709-bp band corresponds to CD79b entire transcript; the 397-bp band corresponds to an alternatively spliced form lacking exon 3 that encodes the extracellular Ig-like domain. Both fragments were also visible in normal PBL. The expression of the 397-bp fragment was increased in normal activated B cells, while no difference was seen between CD5+ and CD5− B cells. To obtain a more accurate estimate of the relative proportions of the two spliced forms, a radioactive PCR was performed in 13 normal and 22 B-CLL samples and the results analyzed using a digital imager. The mean value of the CD79b to the CD79b internally deleted ratio was 0.64 ± 0.20 SD in normal donors and 0.44 ± 0.27 SD in B-CLL (P = .01). Direct sequencing of 397-bp RT-PCR products and of genomic DNA corresponding to exon 3 from MEC1, MEC2, their parental cells, and five fresh B-CLL samples did not show any causal mutation. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of exon 3 performed in 18 additional B-CLL cases showed a single abnormal shift corresponding to a TGT → TGC polymorphic change at amino acid 122. We propose a role for the alternative splicing of CD79b gene in causing the reduced expression of BCR on the surface of B-CLL cells. As normal B cells also present this variant, the mechanism of CD79b posttranscriptional regulation might reflect the activation stage of the normal B cell from which B-CLL derives.
46
Zafalon, Luiz F., Maria L. R. S. Cunha, Humberto M. Brandão, Vanessa C. F. Mosqueira, Raul C. M. Santana, Waldomiro Barioni Júnior, Katheryne B. Martins, and Lucas E. Pilon. "Relationship between virulence factor genes in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. and failure of antimicrobial treatment of subclinical mastitis in sheep." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 4 (April 2018): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4984.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) are the main microorganisms involved in ovine mastitis. Treatment at the end of lactation can contribute towards cure and prevention of subclinical cases during the subsequent lactation. However, virulence factors and resistance mechanisms presented by CNS can decrease cure rates. The aims of the study were to identify the species of CNS in milk of mastitic ewes with and without antimicrobial treatment, and to investigate the presence of genes relating to resistance of β-lactam antimicrobials, formation of biofilms, production of enterotoxins and production of the toxic shock syndrome toxin. Cases of failure in the treatment were related with the presence/absence of the respective genes. Sixty sheep were divided into three groups: G1, without treatment; G2, animals treated via the intramammary route with 100mg of cloxacillin during drying off; and G3, sheep treated via the intramammary route with 50 mg of nanoparticulate cloxacillin. Milk samples were gathered during drying off and 15 and 30 days after the parturition of the subsequent lactation. The analyses to identify the species of CNS were carried out by means of the internal transcribe spacer technique and the investigation of the genes responsible for the virulence factors and resistance to oxacillin was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. No sample was positive for the mecA gene. The only gene relating to production of enterotoxins was sec. Among the genes relating to production of biofilm, icaD was the only one identified in the three experimental groups. Staphylococcus warneri was the main species of CNS isolated during the pre and post-partum periods of the sheep. The species carrying genes relating to production of enterotoxins and biofilms were present in uncured sheep.
47
Holt, Deborah C., Tegan M. Harris, Jaquelyne T. Hughes, Rachael Lilliebridge, David Croker, Sian Graham, Heather Hall, Judith Wilson, Steven Y. C. Tong, and Phillip M. Giffard. "Longitudinal whole-genome based comparison of carriage and infection associated Staphylococcus aureus in northern Australian dialysis clinics." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): e0245790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245790.
Full textAbstract:
Background The study objective was to reveal reservoirs potentially leading to Staphylococcus aureus infections in haemodialysis clinic clients in the tropical north of the Australian Northern Territory (NT). This client population are primarily Aboriginal Australians who have a greater burden of ill health than other Australians. Reservoir identification will enhance infection control in this client group, including informing potential S. aureus decolonisation strategies. Methods and findings The study participants were 83 clients of four haemodialysis clinics in the Darwin region of the NT, and 46 clinical staff and researchers who had contact with the clinic clients. The study design was longitudinal, encompassing swabbing of anatomical sites at two month intervals to yield carriage isolates, and also progressive collection of infection isolates. Swab sampling was performed for all participants, and infection isolates collected for dialysis clients only. Analysis was based on the comparison of 139 carriage isolates and 27 infection isolates using whole genome sequencing. Genome comparisons were based on of 20,651 genome-wide orthologous SNPs, presence/absence of the mecA and pvl genes, and inferred multilocus sequence type and clonal complex. Pairs of genomes meeting the definition of “not discriminated” were classed as defining potential transmission events. The primary outcome was instances of potential transmission between a carriage site other than a skin lesion and an infection site, in the same individual. Three such instances were identified. Two involved ST762 (CC1) PVL- MRSA, and one instance ST121 PVL+ MSSA. Three additional instances were identified where the carriage strains were derived from skin lesions. Also identified were six instances of potential transmission of a carriage strains between participants, including transmission of strains between dialysis clients and staff/researchers, and one potential transmission of a clinical strain between participants. There were frequent occurrences of longitudinal persistence of carriage strains in individual participants, and two examples of the same strain causing infection in the same participants at different times. Strains associated with infections and skin lesions were enriched for PVL and mecA in comparison to strains associated with long term carriage. Conclusions This study indicated that strains differ with respect to propensity to stably colonise sites such as the nose, and cause skin infections. PVL+ strains were associated with infection and skin lesions and were almost absent from the carriage sites. PVL- MRSA (mainly CC1) strains were associated with infection and also with potential transmission events involving carriage sites, while PVL- MSSA were frequently observed to stably colonise individuals without causing infection, and to be rarely transmitted. Current clinical guidelines for dialysis patients suggest MRSA decolonisation. Implementation in this client group may impact infections by PVL- MRSA, but may have little effect on infection by PVL+ strains. In this study, the PVL+ strains were predominant causes of infection but rarely colonised typical carriage sites such as the nose, and in the case of ST121, were MSSA. The important reservoirs for infection by PVL+ strains appeared to be prior infections.
48
Dweba, Chumisa C., Oliver T. Zishiri, and Mohamed E. El Zowalaty. "Isolation and Molecular Identification of Virulence, Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Pathogens 8, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8020079.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens of humans and animals. Livestock production contributes a significant proportion to the South African Gross Domestic Product. Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence, virulence, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in livestock-associated S. aureus isolated from South African livestock production systems. Microbial phenotypic methods were used to detect the presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. Furthermore, molecular DNA based methods were used to genetically determine virulence as well as antibiotic and heavy metal resistance determinants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed 217 out of 403 (53.8%) isolates to be S. aureus. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was conducted to evaluate antibiotic resistance and 90.8% of S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to at least three antibiotics, and therefore, classified as multidrug resistant. Of the antibiotics tested, 98% of the isolates demonstrated resistance towards penicillin G. High resistance was shown against different heavy metals, with 90% (196/217), 88% (192/217), 86% (188/217) and 84% (183/217) of the isolates resistant to 1500 µg/mL concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) respectively. A total of 10 antimicrobial resistance and virulence genetic determinants were screened for all livestock associated S. aureus isolates. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were identified, by the presence of mecC, in 27% of the isolates with a significant relationship (p < 0.001)) with the host animal. This is the first report of mecC positive LA-MRSA in South Africa and the African continent. The gene for tetracycline resistance (tetK) was the most frequently detected of the screened genes with an overall prevalence of 35% and the highest prevalence percentage was observed for goats (56.76%) followed by avian species (chicken, duck and wild birds) (42.5%). Virulence-associated genes were observed across all animal host species. The study reports the presence of luks/pv, a gene encoding the PVL toxin previously described to be a marker for community acquired-MRSA, suggesting the crossing of species between human and livestock. The high prevalence of S. aureus from the livestock indicates a major food security and healthcare threat. This threat is further compounded by the virulence of the pathogen, which causes numerous clinical manifestations. The phenomenon of co-selection is observed in this study as isolates exhibited resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals. Further, all the screened antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes did not correspond with the phenotypic resistance.
49
Phukan, Chimanjita, Kandarpa Kumar Saikia, Chimanjita Phukan, Ridip Dutta, Dhruba Jyoti Sarma, and Giasuddin Ahmed. "Colonization and Genetic Diversity of MRSA Among ICU Patients and Healthcare Workers From a Hospital of Northeastern India." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.704.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is diverse in different geographic regions, and transmission of MRSA in hospital settings occurs either through the patients or asymptomatic healthcare workers who MRSA colonized in the nares and thus act as a potential reservoir of infection for susceptible patients. Methods:S. aureus isolates were collected from ICU patients and healthcare workers at Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Assam, India, from May 2010 to April 2015. Premoistened swab samples were obtained from the ICU patients from 4 different sites (ie, nares, axilla, groin, and perianal region) within 48 hours of admission. For healthcare workers (HCWs) a nasal swab was obtained. The isolates were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods using CLSI guidelines and PCR (fem B, MecA, and PVL). The antibiograms were obtained using a Vitek 2 system. Results: For 84 patients admitted to the ICU, swab samples were obtained from various sites, and S. aureus was observed in 34 samples (40.5%). Among the isolates, 13 (38%) were MRSA and 21 (62%) were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Among the HCWs from the ICU, growth of S. aureus was obtained in 10 of 30 samples (33.34%), of which 3 (30%) were MRSA and 7 (70%) were MSSA. S. aureus isolates were genotypically identified as fem B among colonized patients (40.5%) and HCWs (33.34%). MRSA (mecA positive) was detected in 3% of colonized patients and 30% of HCWs. Among the ICU patients, 78.56% were PVL-positive S. aureus: 21.42% were PVL-positive MRSA and 57.14% were PVL-positive MSSA. Multilocus sequence typing of the 7 housekeeping genes against 2 S. aureus isolates showed the presence of ST1428, which had not been reported in India, whereas the other sequence was entirely novel. The MDR rates were 68% and 75% among ICU patients and HCWs, respectively, and all the strains were mupirocin sensitive. The S. aureus isolates were significantly proportional among HCWs compared to the colonized group (P = .031). Conclusions: The study results show a high prevalence of PVL-positive MSSA and MRSA among ICU patients. This finding indicates its transmission among hospitalized patients through the HCWs, for which constant monitoring of the pathogen, particularly its phenotypic and genotypic variations and antimicrobial resistance pattern, is needed to develop effective strategies for infection prevention.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
50
Mourabit, Nadira, Abdelhay Arakrak, Mohammed Bakkali, Zeineb Zian, Joaira Bakkach, and Amin Laglaoui. "Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Carried by Poultry in North of Morocco: A Preliminary Analysis." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (May 22, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8856004.
Full textAbstract:
The transmission of antibiotic resistance to human population through food consumption is a global public health threat. This study aimed to assess the nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus in poultry and to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence-associated genes. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from chickens at the slaughterhouse of Tangier and immediately transported to the microbiological laboratory for phenotypic identification and assessment of antibiotic susceptibility. The presence of 16S rRNA, nuc, mecA, mecC, Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) genes were detected by PCR analysis for all isolates. Overall, 548 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, of which 17 (3.4%) were S. aureus positive. More than half of the strains (54%) were resistant to penicillin, 29.4% to tetracycline, 23.5% to erythromycin, and 17% showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. The mecA and mecC were not identified in any of the recovered isolates. Of the S. aureus recovered, 29.41% of the isolates were found to be toxinogenic; 17.64% and 11.76% were positive for PVL and TSST-1 encoding genes, respectively. The trends of antibiotic resistance and the toxinogenic S. aureus carried by the poultry intended for consumption in Tangier present a huge concern. Preventive and containment measures should be implemented in order to limit the dissemination of resistance genes through the food chain and to reduce their increased rate.