Academic literature on the topic 'Mecanic Vallée'

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el uso de la tierra y de los elementos de la tecnología agrícola (ETA) que se emplean en el cultivo del maíz a nivel comunitario y la participación de las instituciones públicas y privadas en la promoción y empleo de los ETA en el cultivo de maíz, en las comunidades de Las Troje (Álvaro Obregón) y Cañada de los Sauces (Tarímbaro), Michoacán, México. Se utilizó un muestreo estratificado aleatorio con un 57 entrevistas a productores de maíz. Se encontró que en las comunidades se utilizan cinco elementos de la tecnología agrícola: biológicos, químicos, mecánico-informático, agronómico e hídrico de manera diferenciada; cuyo uso se encuentra supeditado por las condiciones topográficas del terreno de cultivo, disponibilidad de recursos económicos, difusión, calidad, presencia a nivel comunitario y cultural y por la promoción que hacen de ellos las instituciones públicas y privadas, con base en el tipo de agricultura que se practique en la comunidad: tradicional o moderna.

Cette thèse analyse les liens entre des acteurs et le territoire de la Mecanic Vallée. Ce territoire s’est développé à la faveur de la politique des Systèmes Productifs Locaux de la DATAR à la fin des années 90 soutenue par les politiques publiques d’incitation et d’aide au développement local mise en place par l’Etat à partir des années 80 et dans le contexte institutionnel de la décentralisation. Le territoire est situé sur un périmètre restreint à cheval sur trois départements (Lot, Aveyron, Corrèze). Les acteurs auxquels la thèse s’intéresse sont ceux qui ont contribué à la création du SPL Mecanic Vallée (élus, industriels,) ainsi que ceux qui ont fait irruption dans l’arène politique locale (syndicalistes CGT du territoire). La thèse analyse dans un premier temps comment s’est fabriqué le territoire Mecanic Vallée au prisme des transformations de l’action publique. A partir d’une mise en perspective historique elle met en évidence l’évolution des politiques publiques d’aménagement du territoire au centre desquelles l’industrie joue un rôle structurant. Elle analyse les effets de la territorialisation de l’économie et de l’Etat qui ont rendu possible la création de cette nouvelle configuration productive sur des territoires ruraux porteurs de handicaps, peu industrialisés ou marqués par des crises industrielles importantes et une histoire sociale forte. Cette approche permet d’examiner la mise en œuvre d’une politique publique, par le bas et de mettre en évidence le rôle des acteurs de terrain et du leadership politique local. La thèse s’appuie sur les travaux de la sociologie de l’action et des politiques publiques. Elle privilégie ensuite une approche par les acteurs et se focalise sur la manière dont les syndicalistes CGT des entreprises de la métallurgie de la Mecanic Vallée abordent cette nouvelle réalité économique et sociale qui s’impose désormais sur le territoire. Constitue-elle un changement de la réalité sociale et des rapports sociaux en devenir ? L’analyse de cette nouvelle configuration productive et des pratiques syndicales en action met en évidence les ressorts, les solutions d’une tentative de construire une réponse syndicale appropriée à une nouvelle réalité mais aussi les obstacles et les limites de cette démarche. Nous interrogeons le rôle et les motivations des syndicalistes CGT dans cet espace à travers leurs trajectoires personnelles et militantes. La thèse examine enfin comment leur démarche met à l’épreuve la confédération CGT dans la façon dont elle aborde au cours de son histoire les enjeux de la territorialisation de l’économie et de l’Etat
This PhD dissertation analyses the links between the Mecanic Vallée actors and its territory. This territory developed thanks to the policy of the DATAR Local Productive Systems in the late 90s. It was supported by the incitement and developement public policies granted by the state in the 80s in the institutional context of decentralization.The territory is a restricted area extending over three French Departments (Lot, Aveyron, Corrèze).The actors the analysis is concerned with are the ones who took part in the creation of the Mecanic Vallée SPL (local politicians, industrialists) and those who broke into the political arena (CGT local unionists).First, the dissertation analyses the making of the Mecanic Vallée territory through the prism of the tranformations of public policies. Through a historical perspective, it highlights the evolution of land-use public policies at the centre of which industry has a structural impact . It examines the effects of the territorialization of the economy and the state which made possible the creation of a new productive configuration for disadvantaged rural territories, either endowed with little industry or which experienced major industrial crises and a deep social history. This approach allows us to look at a public policy implementation from below. It highlights the role of not only the grassroots but also the local political leadership. The dissertation draws upon research in Sociology of public action and public policies. Then, the dissertation follows an approach focused on the actors and, to be specific, on the way CGT unionists see this new economic and social reality in the Mecanic Vallée steel factories. We may therefore wonder if it represents a change in the social reality as well as in future social relationships within the territory. Scrutinizing not only this new productive configuration but also the union practices reveals the roots, challenges, and limits of a unionist attempt to adapt and build an appropriate response to a new situation. This dissertation questions CGT unionists' roles and motivations through their personal experience and their trajectories as activists. This dissertation finally highlights how these unionists’ approach actually challenges the way the CGT Union addresses the economic territorialization and state issues

Depuis les années 1970, le développement territorial est mis en exergue en aménagement et en sciences économiques dans une perspective qui est celle de la création d’activités et d’emplois liés. La valorisation des ressources territoriales devient dès lors cruciale. Toutefois, la littérature n’interroge pas l’identité des acteurs alors que ceux-ci constituent la ressource territoriale centrale. La thèse qui est défendue est que ce ne sont pas les mêmes types d’acteurs qui sont mobilisés par les proximités dans les différentes étapes du développement territorial. Plusieurs hypothèses sont émises au sujet des modes de mobilisation des acteurs, de leur nature et de leurs interdépendances. Le raisonnement est structuré en trois parties. La première est consacrée à l’étude du Système Productif Local (SPL) Mecanic Vallée. L’objectif est de comprendre comment le développement local a été structuré dans cet espace physique, social et productif. Une deuxième partie est consacrée à l’étude, dans la littérature, du mode de mobilisation et de coordination des acteurs ; particulièrement dans le cadre territorial (proximités, gouvernance, développement territorial). Plusieurs faits stylisés sont construits pour faire le lien entre systèmes d’acteurs, proximités et étapes du développement. Ces faits sont appliqués au SPL Mecanic Vallée afin de produire une relecture de sa dynamique de développement. Ces faits portent sur deux projets productifs particuliers : les relations d’affaires et le financement des activités. Une troisième partie est consacrée aux résultats de la recherche. Ces résultats confirment une très forte interdépendance des acteurs ainsi que la particularité des modes de mobilisation dans la construction de la dynamique territoriale
Since the 1970s, territorial development has been highlighted in planning and economic sciences from the perspective of the creation of related activities and jobs. The development of territorial resources therefore becomes crucial. However, the literature does not question the identity of the actors even though they constitute a central territorial resource. The thesis argues that the proximity in the different stages of territorial development does not mobilize the same types of actors.Several hypotheses are put forward about the modes of mobilization of actors, their nature and their interdependencies. The reasoning is structured in three parts. The first is devoted to the study of the Mecanic Valley Local Production System (SPL). The objective is to understand how local development has been structured in this physical, social and productive space. A second part is devoted to the study, in the literature, of the way actors are mobilized and coordinated; particularly in the territorial framework (proximity, governance, territorial development). Several stylized facts are constructed to make the link between systems of actors, proximity and stages of development. These facts are applied to the SPL Mecanic Vallée in order to produce a re-reading of its development dynamics. These facts relate to two specific productive projects: business relations and activity financing. A third part is devoted to research results. These results confirm a very strong interdependence of the actors as well as the particularity of the modes of mobilization in the construction of territorial dynamics

Malgre l'apparence donnee par une vegetation luxuriante, les couvertures pedologiques acides exondees des regions tropicales humides sont pauvres chimiquement et fragiles du point de vue physique. Dans la vallee du niari au bas congo, comme en afrique tropicale, aujourd'hui encore, une alternative a l'agriculture autochtone manuelle est toujours recherchee. Ce travail, nous a permis d'analyser l'evolution des proprietes physiques macroscopiques, a partir des donnees physiques (courbes de retrait et d'intrusion de mercure. . . ), morphologiques (organisation et d'analyse d'images. . . ), obtenues sur des echantillons de sol non perturbes. Cette demarche a ete appliquee a un sol ferrallitique argileux. Les modifications structurales consecutives a la culture de manioc, mecanisee et fertilisee depuis 15 ans, ont ete etudiees, au niveau de la parcelle experimentale, en les comparant aux caracteristiques du sol sous savane. Il ressort des resultats obtenus que la culture mecanisee modifie surtout l'organisation du sol, a toutes ses echelles, et cela jusqu'au niveau microstructural (de l'argile du sol), avec disparition de la fragmentation et de la microagregation caracteristiques des sols ferrallitiques. Cette destructuration a un effet determinant sur les modifications des proprietes de retrait-gonflement du sol. Au total, l'evolution structurale au cours du retrait du sol etudie comporte, au cours de la dessiccation, deux mecanismes quasi simultanes: la fissuration non monotone accompagnee d'une reprise en masse du sol. Il en resulte ainsi deux principales proprietes physiques du sol, favorables lors de la fragmentation du sol, puis defavorables, lors de la prise en masse. En definitive les modifications du sol, dues a la culture mecanisee de manioc se manifestent en une reprise en masse qui n'existe pas dans l'horizon b2 du sol sous savane. Mais, en raison de l'activite faunique importante, les modalites d'infiltration et de ressuyage lors des precipitations ainsi que celles de lixiviation des elements mineraux n'apparaissent pas etre affectees pour autant

O foco desta pesquisa é a análise computacional da cavitação em válvula borboleta utilizando o software comercial Ansys CFX versão 14. Dentre várias aplicações, a válvula pode ser utilizada no controle da vazão de água para lavagem de gases oriundos do processo de fabricação do aço num conversor LD. Foi estabelecido como parâmetros constantes de simulação, a pressão a montante e jusante respectivamente em 150 e 60 kPa e a temperatura de 80C. O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer, através da simulação computacional, os ângulos em que a cavitação torna-se crítica na válvula borboleta, mapeando as áreas de cavitação, que será validada pelo equacionamento da válvula, de acordo com a norma da ISA. Será analisado o escoamento do fluído, priorizando a variável pressão e diferencial de pressão através da válvula, variando os ângulos do obturador de 10 em 10 graus, até o ângulo de 70. Em seguida, serão feitas novas simulações com as temperaturas de 50, 60, 70 e 90C, haja vista que, a vaporização da água está diretamente relacionada, não somente com a pressão, mas também com a temperatura do fluído. A escolha desta válvula para estudo dá-se pelo fato de ter uma alta recuperação de pressão a jusante, levando ao colapso as bolhas de vapor, quando a pressão se eleva acima da pressão de vapor da água, resultando no fenômeno físico denominado por cavitação, alvo de análise e mapeamento desta pesquisa. O regime de escoamento do fluído newtoniano é turbulento e utilizou-se a técnica de volumes finitos idealizada por Patankar, para resolução numérica, e o software comercial CFX versão 14 da Dinâmica de Fluidos Computacional. Foi utilizada a geometria e condições de contorno operacionais de uma válvula borboleta para investigar as regiões as quais ocorrem possibilidades de desgaste e focos de cavitação.
The focus of this study is a computational analysis of cavitation in butterfly valve using a commercial software named Ansys CFX version 14. Among several applications, the valve may be used in controlling water flow for gas washing originating from the washing process in a steelmaking converter LD. Therefore, the constant pressure upstream and downstream respectively at 150 and 60 kPa and de 80C , was established as constant simulation parameter. The purpose of this study is find out, using a computer simulation, which angles at the cavitation becomes critical in the butterfly valve, and mapping the areas of cavitation, which will be validated by the valve equation, according to ISA standards. Therefore, the flow of the fluid will be analyzed, prioritizing the variable and the differential constant pressure through the valve by varying the obturators angles from 10 to 10 degrees, until it comes to a 70 angle. To achieve this purpose, new simulations will be made with temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 90 degrees, considering that the water vaporization is directly related to not only the pressure but also the temperature of the fluid. In this study, the butterfly valve was chosen because of its high downstream pressure recovery, leading to collapse of the vapor bubbles, when the pressure is elevated above the water vapour pressure, resulting in the physical phenomenon known as cavitation, which is the target analysis and mapping of this study. The Newtonians flow regime was found turbulent and to numerical solution was used the technique of finite volume designed by Patankar, by using commercial software CFX version 14.0 of Computational Fluid Dynamics. Was used both geometric and operational contour of a butterfly valve project to investigate in which part and conditions of a valve can occur potential wear and cavitations spots.

[ES] El análisis de los fenómenos transitorios durante las operaciones de llenado en conducciones de agua ha sido estudiado de manera detallada comparado con las maniobras de vaciado. En este último se encontró que no existen modelos matemáticos capaces de predecir el fenómeno. Esta investigación inicia estudiando el fenómeno transitorio generado durante el vaciado en una tubería simple, como paso previo para entender el comportamiento de las variables hidráulicas y termodinámicas durante el vaciado de agua en conducciones presurizadas de perfil irregular. Los análisis son realizados considerando dos situaciones: (i) la situación No. 1 corresponde al caso donde no hay válvulas de aire instaladas o cuando éstas han fallado por problemas operacionales o de mantenimiento, que representa la condición más desfavorable con respecto a la depresión máxima alcanzada; y (ii) la situación No. 2 corresponde al caso en donde se han instalado válvulas de aire en los puntos más elevados de la conducción para dar fiabilidad mediante el aire introducido al sistema previniendo de esta manera la depresión máxima. En esta tesis doctoral se ha desarrollado un modelo matemático para predecir el comportamiento de las operaciones de vaciado. El modelo matemático es propuesto para las dos situaciones mencionadas anteriormente. La fase líquida (agua) es simulada con un modelo de columna rígida, en el cual se desprecia la elasticidad del agua y de la tubería debido a que la elasticidad del aire es mucho mayor que estas; y la interfaz aire-agua es modelada con un modelo de flujo pistón, el cual asume que la columna de agua es perpendicular a la dirección principal del flujo. La fase de aire es modelada usando tres ecuaciones: (a) un modelo politrópico basado en el comportamiento energético, que considera la expansión de las bolsas de aire; (b) la formulación de las válvulas de aire para cuantificar la magnitud del caudal de aire admitido; y (c) la ecuación de continuidad de la bolsa de aire. Un sistema ordinario de ecuaciones diferenciales es solucionado utilizando la herramienta de Simulink de Matlab. El modelo matemático es validado empleando bancos experimentales localizados en los laboratorios de hidráulica de la Universitat Politècnica de València (Valencia, España) y en el Instituto Superior Técnico de la Universidad de Lisboa (Lisboa, Portugal). Los resultados muestran que el modelo matemático predice adecuadamente los datos experimentales de las presiones de las bolsas de aire, las velocidades del agua y las longitudes de las columnas de agua. Finalmente, el modelo matemático es aplicado a un caso de estudio para mostrar su aplicabilidad a situaciones prácticas, con el fin de poder ser empleado por ingenieros para estudiar el fenómeno en conducciones reales y así tomar decisiones acerca de la planificación de esta operación.
[CAT] L'anàlisi dels fenòmens transitoris durant les operacions d'ompliment en conduccions d'aigua ha sigut estudiat de manera detallada comparat amb les maniobres de buidatge. En este últim es va trobar que no hi ha models matemàtics capaços de predir el fenomen. Esta investigació inicia estudiant el fenomen transitori generat durant el buidatge en una canonada simple, com a pas previ per a entendre el comportament de les variables hidràuliques i termodinàmiques durant el buidatge d'aigua en conduccions pressuritzades de perfil irregular. Les anàlisis són realitzats considerant dos situacions: (i) la situació No. 1 correspon al cas on no hi ha vàlvules d'aire instal·lades o quan estes han fallat per problemes operacionals o de manteniment, que representa la condició més desfavorable respecte a la depressió màxima aconseguida; i (ii) la situació No. 2 correspon al cas on s'han instal·lat vàlvules d'aire en els punts més elevats de la conducció per a donar fiabilitat per mitjà de l'aire introduït al sistema prevenint d'esta manera la depressió màxima. En esta tesi doctoral s'ha desenrotllat un model matemàtic per a predir el comportament de les operacions de buidatge. El model matemàtic és proposat per a les dos situacions mencionades anteriorment. La fase líquida (aigua) és simulada amb un model de columna rígida, en el qual es desprecia l'elasticitat de l'aigua i de la canonada pel fet que l'elasticitat de l'aire és molt major que estes; i la interfície aire-aigua és modelada amb un model de flux pistó, el qual assumix que la columna d'aigua és perpendicular a la direcció principal del flux. La fase d'aire és modelada usant tres equacions: (a) un model politròpic basat en el comportament energètic, que considera l'expansió de les bosses d'aire; (b) la formulació de les vàlvules d'aire per a quantificar la magnitud del cabal d'aire admés; i (c) l'equació de continuïtat de la bossa d'aire. Un sistema ordinari d'equacions diferencials és solucionat utilitzant la ferramenta de Simulink de Matlab. El model matemàtic és validat emprant bancs experimentals localitzats en els laboratoris d'hidràulica de la Universitat Politècnica de València (València, Espanya) i en l'Institut Superior Tècnic de la Universitat de Lisboa (Lisboa, Portugal). Els resultats mostren que el model matemàtic prediu adequadament les dades experimentals de les pressions de les bosses d'aire, les velocitats de l'aigua i les longituds de les columnes d'aigua. Finalment, el model matemàtic és aplicat a un cas d'estudi per a mostrar la seua aplicabilitat a situacions pràctiques, a fi de poder ser empleat per enginyers per a estudiar el fenomen en conduccions reals i així prendre decisions sobre la planificació d'esta operació.
[EN] The analysis of transient phenomena during water filling operations in pipelines of irregular profiles has been studied much more compared to emptying maneuvers. In the literature, there is a lack of knowledge about mathematical models of emptying operations. This research starts with the analysis of a transient phenomenon during emptying maneuvers in single pipelines, which is a previous stage to understand the emptying operation in pipelines of irregular profiles. Analysis are conducted under two typical situations: (i) one corresponding to either the situation where there are no air valves installed or when they have failed due to operational and maintenance problems which represents the worse condition due to causing the lowest troughs of subatmospheric pressure, and (ii) the other one corresponding to the situation where air valves have been installed at the highest point of hydraulic installations to give reliability by admitting air into the pipelines for preventing troughs of subatmospheric pressure. Particularly, this research developed a mathematical model to predict the behavior of the emptying operations. The mathematical model is proposed for the two aforementioned situations. The liquid phase (water) is simulated using a rigid water column model (RWCM), which neglects the pipe and water elasticity given that the elasticity of the entrapped air pockets is much higher than the one from the pipe and the water. The air-water interface is simulated with a piston flow model assuming that the water column is perpendicular with the main direction of the flow. Gas phase is modeled using three formulations: (a) a polytropic model based on its energetic behavior, which considers an expansion of air pockets; (b) an air valve characterization to quantify the magnitude of admitted air flow; and (c) a continuity equation of the air. An ordinary differential equations system is solved using the Simulink tool of Matlab. The proposed model has been validated using experimental facilities at the hydraulic laboratories of the Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain, and the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. The results show how the mathematical model adequately predicts the experimental data, including the pressure oscillation patterns, the water velocities, and the lengths of the water columns. Finally, the mathematical model is applied to a case study to show a practical application, which can be used for engineers to study the phenomenon in real pipelines to make decisions about performing of the emptying operation.
Coronado Hernández, ÓE. (2019). Transient phenomena during the emptying process of water in pressurized pipelines [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/120024
TESIS

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Biomass is one of the main sources of renewable and sustainable energy able to meet the growing global energy demand and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. However, the use of this biofuel requires a conscious and careful handling of natural resources, to avoid environmental imbalances and destruction of ecosystems. Among the alternatives of biomass for energy purposes forestry, agricultural and urban wastes are highlights. However, raw biomass has low energy efficiency, low density, high humidity, irregular grain, low heating value that restricts their direct use as biofuel. In order to improve the thermal properties and standardize the product is necessary to treat the biomass from industrial processes such as torrefaction and briquetting. In this context, this work aims to analyze and define the potential energy of briquettes of brachiaria grass (Brachiaria ssp.) produced by Briqfeno Industria e Comercio de Feno Ltda located in Tupaciguara - Minas Gerais. The experiments were conducted according to Brazilian rules and the standard product was submitted to density tests, moisture and immediate analysis. A relationship between heating value and moisture content was also defined. Finally, the product was submitted to the torrefaction process that improved its energy and decreased its hygroscopic character when compared to raw briquettes.
A biomassa é uma das principais fontes de energia renováveis e sustentáveis capazes de suprir a crescente demanda de energia mundial e diminuir a dependência dos combustíveis fósseis. Entretanto, o uso deste combustível requer um manuseio cuidadoso e consciente dos recursos naturais, para evitar desequilíbrios ambientais e destruição de ecossistemas. Dentre as alternativas existentes para o uso da biomassa com fins energéticos, destaca-se o reaproveitamento energético de resíduos florestais, agrícolas e urbanos. Todavia, os resíduos in natura apresentam-se com baixa eficiência energética, devido algumas características gerais que restringe o seu uso direto como combustível, tais como baixa densidade, alta umidade, granulometria irregular, baixo poder calorífico, entre outras. No intuito de corrigir algumas propriedades, melhorar e padronizar o produto faz-se necessária a utilização de processos industriais, como a briquetagem e a torrefação. Neste contexto, este trabalho consiste em analisar e definir o potencial energético de briquetes de capim braquiária (Brachiaria ssp.) produzidos pela empresa Briqfeno Indústria e Comércio de Feno Ltda sediada no município de Tupaciguara - Minas Gerais. Os experimentos foram conduzidos segundo normas nacionais e consistiram em realizar a análise imediata, determinar a densidade do briquete e definir a relação entre poder calorífico e umidade do produto padrão. Finalmente, aplicou-se o tratamento térmico denominado torrefação, o que proporcionou a valorização energética do produto e diminuiu sua característica higroscópica quando comparado ao briquete padrão.
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

PSA Peugeot Citroën, a French automaker, has one plant in Brazil, located in Porto Real, Rio de Janeiro. This factory mounts 29 vehicles / hour of eight different models, four models of Peugeot and Citroën brand four. This great variety of models generates complexity in the production process and wide range of parts. This study aims to analyze the impact of diversity, illustrate wasteful standard concept of 3MUs (MUDA, MURI, MURA) and present a study of reducing overall diversity. This will be used to apply the tools and techniques of `Lean Manufacturing Concept. The Lean production system, which basically seeks to eliminate waste, presents several concepts that can and should be applied in studies of eliminating diversity. Among the concepts that can be used stand out studies Time and Methods, SMED, 5S, Kanban, Value Stream Mapping and Kaizen and Poka-Yoke. Through analysis of cases will demonstrate that reducing the diversity of parts and reduce costs, avoid waste and adding a number of benefits, impacts directly on the entire production chain of the automaker. The reduction of diversity interferes with logistics (transport, handling, storage, control), quality (robustness of process variability), production (surface, rework), systems (complex document base, variety of systems), engineering (equipment, investments, solutions) and suppliers (setups, inventories). Therefore, this work is of extreme importance and relevance for companies with a high level of competitiveness, such as assemblers, stay ahead in the job market and offer the best value for money offers.
A PSA Peugeot Citroën, montadora de origem francesa, possui uma única fábrica no Brasil, localizada em Porto Real, Rio de Janeiro. Essa fábrica monta 29 veículos/hora de oito modelos distintos, sendo quatro modelos da marca Peugeot e quatro da marca Citroën. Essa grande variedade de modelos gera uma complexidade no processo produtivo e grande diversidade de peças. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da diversidade, exemplificar os desperdícios no padrão do conceito dos 3MUs (MUDA, MURI, MURA) e apresentar um estudo de redução da diversidade geral. Para isso, será utilizada a aplicação das ferramentas e técnicas do `Lean Manufacturing Concept. O sistema de produção Lean, que basicamente busca a eliminação de desperdícios, apresenta diversos conceitos que podem e devem ser aplicados nos estudos de eliminação da diversidade. Entre os conceitos que podem ser utilizados, destacam-se Estudos de Tempos e Métodos, SMED, 5S, Kanban, Mapeamento de Fluxo de Valor e Poka-Yoke e Kaizen. Através da análise de casos, se mostra que a redução da diversidade de peças, além de reduzir custos, evitar desperdícios e agregar uma série de benefícios, impacta diretamente em toda a cadeia produtiva da montadora. A redução da diversidade interfere na logística (transporte, movimentação, armazenagem, controle), na qualidade (robustez do processo, variabilidade), na produção (superfície, retrabalhos), nos sistemas (complexa base documental, variedade de sistemas), na engenharia (equipamentos, investimentos, soluções) e nos fornecedores (setups, estoques). Portanto, a presente dissertação é de extrema importância e relevância para que empresas com alto nível de competitividade, como as montadoras, permaneçam a frente no mercado de trabalho e ofereçam as melhores ofertas de custo-benefício.