Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mécanisme corrosion'
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Achour, Mickaël. "Mécanisme de corrosion du fer par UF₆ liquide à 80°C." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS064.
Full textThe nuclear fuel used in today’s power plants requires a precise uranium isotope composition which is different from natural uranium. Thus, an enrichment process is required, for which gaseous centrifugation is employed using uranium hexafluoride (UF₆). This compound is obtained by fluorination of UF₄ and its handling is submitted to security issues. This compound is highly reactive, in gaseous or liquid state, and the metallic industrial production setup is corroded, leading to solid residues at process temperatures. This corrosion has to be considered in order to predict both the process efficiency (purity, output) and the resulting industrial issues (setup lifetime, corking). This study aims at understanding liquid uranium hexafluoride corrosion at 80°C, which remains unstudied to this day. A dedicated novel test setup along with adapted analysis precautions have been developed in order to perform reliable experiments and corrosion products identification, since those products and UF₆ are moisture sensitive. This study mostly focused on the corrosion of iron as a model material in liquid UF₆. The experimental results obtained, allowed us to follow the evolution of the structure and the nature of the corrosion layer. Two different kinds of layer have been observed and the experimental origin of this divergence is discussed. With those experimental results, a corrosion mechanism is suggested for the corrosion of iron in liquid uranium hexafluoride at 80°C
Olowe, A. Abiodun. "Corrosion aqueuse du fer en milieux sulfates : Mécanisme, cinétique et structures." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10297.
Full textRolland, Calixte. "Microsonde de corrosion humide : conception, réalisation et application à la corrosion de carrosseries automobiles." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066081.
Full textDutilleul, Olivier. "Mécanisme de corrosion des verres P2O5-Na2O-CaO-M2O3 (M:Fe3+, Al3+) amorphes et dévitrifiés." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD491.
Full textYoo, Jaedong. "Effet des produits de corrosion à base de zinc sur le mécanisme de réactivité d'acier galvanisé." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066630.
Full textThis project tries to elucidate the effect of zinc based corrosion products like simonkolleite (ZHC), sodium zinc carbonate (SZC), hydrozincite (HZ) and zinc hydroxysulfate (ZHS) on the corrosion of electrogalvanized steel. Targeted products obtained from electrogalvanized steel by electrodissolution (complete or partial) of zinc layer and controlled precipitation were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. And, their effects on electrochemical behavior of steel and zinc were tested. Under cathodic polarization in 5 wt. % NaCl at pH = 7 and 9, the oxygen reduction current jO2 on steel covered by corrosion products decreases: jO2 (without) jO2(HZ) >> jO2(ZHS) > jO2(ZHC) > jO2(SZC). HZ and SZC also inhibit zinc anodic dissolution whereas ZHC and ZHS don’t. The inhibition was also observed during the galvanic coupling Fe/products//Zn. Nevertheless, the behavior of the system evolves as a function of pH and of electrolyte nature, in particular, a polarity reversal between steel and zinc took place in 1 M NaHCO3 and even at ambient temperature. The galvanic coupling in presence of corrosion products in a thin layer cell specially designed for this study shows that the rapid increase of pH in a confined zone can lead to the instability of corrosion products and to the similar behavior of different systems at long term exposure. The considerations on microstructure, hydrophilic properties and surface charge were used to understand the effects observed on cathodic and anodic reactions
Faiz, Hadri. "Étude du mécanisme de corrosion atmosphérique à long terme des aciers : nouvelles stratégies de protection des aciers du patrimoine culturel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0314/document.
Full textThe present report relates to the understanding of long term atmospheric corrosion mechanisms of low alloy steels which are necessary for various applications such as the interim storage of nuclear waste, and the conservation of cultural heritage artefacts. At a first stage, it may be necessary to characterize ancient corrosion system in order to identify the reactive phases in the rust layers, their localisation and their role in the mechanism. In that purpose, the work on objects reference archaeological sites (analogues) can help to take sample of studies. At a second stage, the electrochemical behaviour and their reactive of the phases constitutive of the corrosion layer must be determined precisely. In that field, it is necessary to combine the study of the pure phases and the powders taken on the analogues. The localisation of oxygen reduction sites in the rust layer is a very pertinent tool. To that end, specific experiments have been set up to re-corrode the ancient samples in marked medium (using 18O2), were investigated by nuclear reaction analysis. Finally, the identification of these newly-formed phases give precious information to develop new methods of inhibition of long term corrosion. It concerns only the heritage
Pardessus, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude du mécanisme de corrosion du cupronickel en milieu chlorure de sodium à 3%." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX11005.
Full textChamerois, Manuel. "Interactions entre trisiloxanes fonctionnalisés et surfaces minérales : applications à l'hydrofugation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_CHAMEROIS_M.pdf.
Full textSurface modification of mineral substances with adsorbed organic layers can be used to prevent the weathering of facades. To enhance interactions between the silicone formulations and surfaces, anchorage functions can be inserted in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network. This study deals with the abstraction of functionalized PDMS fragments (trisiloxane compounds), from cyc1ohexane, onto minerals typical of most surface materials used for building facades: a silica, a carbonate, a pyrophyllite and cement hydrates. The anchorage functions studied are derived from piperidine (secondary and ternary amine) or succinic acid (anhydride and diacid). The adsorption of piperidinic compounds is strongly dependent on hydrogen bonds formed between the superficial hydroxyl groups and the amine groups. In the case of succinic compounds, adsorption takes place mainly through carboxylate functions. Focussing on the various spectroscopic signatures of stretching vibrations of the carbonyl bonds of the carboxylic functions (anhydride, diacid, dissociated diacid), phenomena in both the liquid phase and on the solid surfaces can be approached precisely. The last part of this thesis examines the evolution of the superficial properties of calcium carbonate powders coated with increasing amounts of anhydride molecules. Using high resolution nitrogen and argon adsorption, it is possible to visualize the progressive coverage of the surface by water repellent molecules. Water adsorption isotherms reveal that the hydrophobicity of solids does not prevent the adsorption of water molecules but that the structure of adsorbed water layers is strongly perturbated when compared to liquid water or to water adsorbed on the untreated mineral surface
Luc, Emilie. "Mécanisme d'initiation du collage lors du laminage à chaud des aciers inoxydables ferritiques stabilisés." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0041/document.
Full textHot rolling of stainless steel is one of the most important steps in manufacturing process regarding surface quality of the product. Stabilised ferritic stainless steels are widely used in automotive and cosmetic appliances but are also concerned by sticking phenomenon. These grades, having high dry corrosion and creep resistance, are enriched in specific chemical elements such as Cr, Nb or Ti, limiting also slab oxidation during hot rolling. Nevertheless, the mastered oxidation of slab surface is a way to protect metal surface from direct contact with rolls.In order to better understand initiation of sticking, a first campaign was based on topography and rolls surface state wear analysis. This study revealed that sticking initiation is not due to the presence of roll scratches which depth is higher than oxide layer thickness. Indeed, the probability that roll scratches are deeper than oxide layer thickness is very low.In a second time, a pilot was designed, reproducing tribological conditions of a roll bite, to better understand mechanisms that initiate sticking. Keeping in mind the importance of rolls and slab surface state, this pilot is able to use specimen taking from industrial products, having the original oxide layer surface. This second study highlighted the major role of silicium oxides on scale adherence and the high heterogeneity of this scale layer in thickness and in chemical composition
Nobel, Pujol-Lesueur Véronique. "Etude du mécanisme d'action du monofluorophosphate de sodium comme inhibiteur de la corrosion des armatures metalliques dans le beton." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066251.
Full textCornette, Pauline. "Approche expérimentale et théorique de l’inhibition de corrosion de surfaces métalliques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC004.
Full textCorrosion of aluminum and aluminum/copper alloy surfaces, including localized corrosion, is a major problem in the industry, and the use of a corrosion inhibitor is often essential. Chromates perfectly fulfill their role of inhibition but will soon be prohibited because of their toxicities for humans and environment. Understanding the mechanisms of corrosion and corrosion inhibition is therefore a real challenge for research today. This thesis work is organized around three lines of research: the understanding of the aluminum corrosion initiation mechanisms, the relationship between the chemical composition of the alloy and the corrosion resistance of aluminum/copper alloys, and finally the study of linear carboxylic acids as green corrosion inhibitors. This project relies on two complementary approaches: a theoretical approach, based on DFT calculations, and an experimental approach combining surface analysis techniques as well as electrochemical techniques. First, the reactivity with respect to O2 of alumina thin film models on metallic aluminum, was studied by ab initio calculations in the presence of oxygen vacancies in the oxide, or copper in the metal, as well as in the presence of a carboxylic acids monolayer on the surface. Surface analysis techniques (XPS, ToF-SIMS, AFM and SEM) were then used to analyze the chemical composition and morphology of pure aluminum surfaces and Al/Cu model alloys before and after adsorption. a carboxylic acids monolayer. The influence of the presence of this surface layer on the corrosion in chloride medium is finally studied by electrochemical measurements
Roy, Marion. "Mécanisme de dissolution des aciers austénitiques dans l'eutectique plomb-bismuth à 500° C." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2054.
Full textIn the framework of the future nuclear power plants studies, lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is foreseen as a coolant in the primary or the secondary circuit in three nuclear systems. The use of this liquid alloy induces corrosion issues for structural steels. In liquid lead alloys, steels can undergo two corrosion phenomena: dissolution or oxidation depending on the temperature and the dissolved oxygen content in LBE. The goal of this study is to identify the dissolution mechanisms of austenitic steels in LBE at 500 °C. Four Fe-Cr-Ni model austenitic steels, the 316L steel and five other industrial steels were corroded in LBE up to, respectively, 3000, 6000 and 200 h. The dissolution mechanism is identical for all steels: it starts by a preferential dissolution of chromium and nickel. This dissolution leads to the formation of a ferritic corrosion layer penetrated by LBE and containing between 5 and 10 % of chromium and almost no nickel. This study demonstrates that dissolutions of nickel and chromium are linked. Otherwise, the corrosion kinetics is linear whatever the tested austenitic steel. The controlling steps of the austenitic steels’ corrosion rates have been identified. Natural convection in the LBE bath leads to the formation of a diffusion boundary layer at the steel surface. Chromium diffusion in this diffusion boundary layer seems to control the corrosion rates of the model and industrial austenitic steels except the 316L steel. Indeed, the corrosion rate of the 316L steel is controlled by an interfacial reaction which is either the simultaneous dissolution of nickel and chromium in NixCr compounds or the nickel and chromium dissolution catalyzed by the dissolved oxygen in LBE. This study has permitted to highlight the major role of chromium on the corrosion mechanisms and the corrosion rates of austenitic steels: the corrosion rate increases when chromium activity increases. Finally, the impact of the dissolved oxygen and the minor alloying elements content on the corrosion rate is discussed. Assuming chromium dissolution catalysis by dissolved oxygen, some recommendations are proposed on the steel composition and the dissolved oxygen content to fix in the liquid alloy in order to limit the corrosion rates of austenitic steels in LBE
Ochoa, de Echevarrieta Nathalie. "Propriétés inhibitrices d'un mélange d'amines grasses et de sels d'acide phosphonocarboxyliques vis-à-vis de la corrosion d'un acier aur carbone. Influence des conditiions hydrodynamiques sur le mécanisme d'inhibition." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT004G.
Full textMartinelli, Laure. "Mécanisme de corrosion de l' acier T91 par l' eutectique Pb-Bi utilisé comme matériau de cible de spallation : importance pour les réacteurs hybrides." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066442.
Full textNguyen, Tuan Dung. "Elaboration des films de composite sur fer par électropolymérisation de pyrrole et 1,5-diaminonaphtalène : étude du mécanisme de protection par les mesures électrochimiques locales." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077225.
Full textEstievenart, Caroline. "Mise au point et étude des mécanismes d'action d'additifs biodégradables pour l'inhibition du pouvoir entartrant et corrosif des eaux de refroidissement industrielles." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066111.
Full textVoyshnis, Svetlana. "Oxydation d'un alliage base nickel utilisé dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisée, approche expérimentale et modélisation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066485/document.
Full textThe lifetime prediction of pressurized water reactor (PWR) components, especially the steam generators (SG), is of high interest. Several works have been dedicated to the understanding of the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanisms. However these mechanisms are still relatively poorly understood. The oxide layer should play an important role. A methodology, combining in situ ToF-SIMS and XPS techniques, has been developed to determine the oxidation kinetics and to understand the oxide layer growth mechanisms. Kinetics, composition and stratification of the oxide layers, formed in high temperature water on Alloy 600, were compared to model oxide layers formed in situ at 300°C under a low oxygen pressure. It shows that thermal oxidation under low oxygen pressure is a suitable model to simulate the oxidation in high temperature water. Finally, an original methodology based on ToF-SIMS has been developed to determine the transport mechanisms governing the oxide growth. Samples previously oxidized under a low oxygen pressure or in high temperature water, are, in a second step, re-oxidized in situ in the ToF-SIMS chamber at the same temperature under low oxygen isotope 18 pressure. It appears that the oxide growth is located at the metal/oxide interface due to the diffusion of O2- anions, isotopic exchange phenomena occuring simultaneously with oxidation. The oxygen diffusion coefficient was determined using an appropriate model developed in this work
Guillou, Sebastien. "Etude du comportement d'un alliage chromino-formeur comme matériau d'interconnecteur pour l'Electrolyse à Haute Température." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS082/document.
Full textIn High Temperature Vapor Electrolysis (HTVE) system, the materials chosen for the interconnectors should have a good corrosion behaviour in air and in H2-H2O mixtures at 800°C, and keep a high electronic conductivity over long durations as well. In this context, the first goal of this study was to evaluate a commercial ferritic alloy (the K41X alloy) as interconnect for HTVE application. Oxidation tests in furnace and in microbalance have therefore been carried out in order to determine oxidation kinetics. Meanwhile, the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) was evaluated by Contact Resistance measurements performed at 800°C. The second objective was to improve our comprehension of chromia-forming alloys oxidation mechanism, in particular in H2/H2O mixtures. For that purpose, some specific tests have been conducted: tracer experiments, coupled with the characterization of the oxide scale by PEC (PhotoElectroChemistry). This approach has also been applied to the study of a LaCrO3 perovskite oxide coating on the K41X alloy. This phase is indeed of high interest for HTVE applications due to its high conductivity properties. This latter study leads to further understanding on the role of lanthanum as reactive element, which effect is still under discussion in literature.In both media at 800°C, the scale is composed of a Cr2O3/(Mn,Cr)3O4 duplex scale, covered in the case of H2-H2O mixture by a thin scale made of Mn2TiO4 spinel. In air, the growth mechanism is found to be cationic, in agreement with literature. The LaCrO3 coating does not modify the direction of scale growth but lowers the growth kinetics during the first hundreds hours. Moreover, with the coating, the scale adherence is favored and the conductivity appears to be slightly higher. In the H2-H2O mixture, the growth mechanism is found to be anionic. The LaCrO3 coating diminishes the oxidation kinetics. Although the scale thickness is about the same in both media, the ASR parameter is one order of magnitude higher in H2/H2O than in air. Specific contact resistance tests show that the higher resistivity in the H2/H2O mixture is closely linked to the presence of protons in the scale. Moreover, tracer experiments show that these protons come from the water molecule dissociation, and not from the H2 molecule. In H2/H2O, the LaCrO3 coating does not increase the conductivity
Souchet, Raphaële. "Etude du rôle du fer et du manganèse lors de l'oxydation d'alliages cuivre-nickel industriels." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES020.
Full textLe, Coq Xavier. "Étude physico-chimique de matériaux réfractaires de type dolomie-carbone, leur oxydation par les GAZ et leur corrosion par un laitier de désulfuration." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10335.
Full textDumerval, Marie. "Effet des défauts d'implantation sur la corrosion des aciers inoxydables austénitiques en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI046/document.
Full textInternal parts of pressurized water reactor (PWR) vessels are often made of austenitic stainless steels (304L and 316L). These structural materials are exposed to an oxidizing medium under irradiation and mechanical stresses. Under these conditions, they can suffer damages by IASCC (Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking). The first step in this cracking phenomenon is the initiation, which implies the breakdown of the passive layer. The nature and the structure of the oxide film formed on these steels are key factors in initiation of IASCC cracks. In this context, the objective of this work is first to better understand the oxidation mechanisms of stainless steels in primary medium and second to study the effects of irradiation induced defects on the oxide film formed on stainless steels in primary medium. Xenon ions and protons, were implanted in 316L-type austenitic stainless steel samples, respectively at an energy of 240 and 230 keV in order to simulate the irradiation defects. Implanted and non-implanted samples were exposed in a corrosion loop at 325°C to an aqueous medium containing 1000 ppm of boron, 2 ppm of lithium and 1,19.10-3 mol.L-1 of dissolved hydrogen. The samples were analyzed by TEM before and after exposure to primary medium in order to characterize both the defects generated by the implantation and the nature, structure, and morphology of the formed oxide. Comparing implanted and non-implanted samples has shown that the nature and the density of defects in the alloy subsurface played an important role on the composition (mainly on the content of Cr and Mo) and on the thickness of the inner layer. The study of the oxidation kinetics by coupling two ion beam analysis techniques (NRA and RBS) has revealed different behavior between the two types of samples: non-implanted and implanted. Tracer experiments (using D and 18O) were conducted to study the growth mechanism of the inner oxide layer and the associated transport mechanisms. The study of the oxygen and hydrogen transport through the inner layer and the underlying alloy, by SIMS and GD-OES, has resulted in writing a corrosion mechanism for austenitic stainless steels exposed to primary medium and linking this mechanism to hydrogen absorption in the alloy. Furthermore, the impact of implantation defects on these transport phenomena has been studied, highlighting the role of defects on oxide layer properties generating modification of the oxygen transport in the oxide scale. These results have helped to shed some light on the mechanism and kinetics involved in the formation of the oxide layer and on the hydrogen absorption in austenitic stainless steels exposed to primary medium and to point out the effect of implantation defects on the oxidation processes
Shakibi, Nia Niusha. "Relations état métallurgique-propriétés dans les alliages électrodéposés de Ni-W nanostructurés." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS033/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to understand the influence of the metallurgical state on the mechanical and anti-corrosion properties of electrodeposited nanostructured Ni-W alloys, in which the grain size can be extended towards nanometric scale by the tungsten addition. Citrate-ammonium baths were used to obtain the alloys by applying direct and pulse currents. A combination of several microstructural techniques at different scales (SEM, EBSD, TEM and XRD) has permitted the characterization of the morphology, the grain size, the crystallographic texture and the nature of grain boundaries. Concentrations of alloying element and contaminants were determined using several techniques such as EDX, GDOES, SIMS, µ-XRF and hot extraction analysis. The obtained results show that tungsten incorporation leads to grain refinement but also to other microstructural changes (morphology or crystallographic texture) and to different levels of contamination. In order to separate the influence of the different metallurgical parameters on the mechanical and corrosion properties, an innovative process was proposed using annealing treatments under controlled atmosphere to vary the microstructure without modifying the tungsten concentration. In addition to the influence of the grain size on the hardness evolution in alloys, the Hall-Petch relationship is also strongly dependent on the incorporation of light elements and tungsten. The study of the polarization curves in acidic and alkaline deaerated solutions revealed that the tungsten addition plays an important role on the electrochemical reactivity in both anodic and cathodic domains and that the other metallurgical parameters such as grain size intervene only at second order
Nguyen, Tuan Anh. "Protection du fer par les polymères conducteurs polyaniline et composite (polyaniline - poly 1,5 - diaminonaphtalène) : électropolymérisation : étude du mécanisme de protection par les mesures électrochimiques locales." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077131.
Full textDali, Yacoub. "Etude expérimentale de l'oxydation des alliages de zirconium à haute pression de vapeur d'eau et modélisation des mécanismes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341747.
Full textL'oxydation de deux familles d'alliages a été étudiée sous vapeur d'eau (pression comprise entre 100 millibars et 100 bars) : les alliages de type Zircaloy, dont la composition est basée sur celle du Zircaloy-4 et ceux de type Zr-x%Nb à différentes teneurs en niobium (0,2 ; 0,4 et 1%). Nos objectifs pour ces deux familles d'alliage étaient de comprendre les différences de réactivité de ces matériaux entre la basse et la haute pression de vapeur d'eau, en estimant les variations de la vitesse avec cette variable et l'influence de chaque élément d'addition sur la vitesse. Pour les alliages au niobium, une analyse approfondie de la ségrégation du niobium en surface a également été menée.
Au cours de ce travail, une thermobalance à suspension magnétique a été développée et mise en œuvre pour suivre in-situ l'oxydation à haute pression (jusqu'à 50 bars). Cette expérimentation est, à notre connaissance, unique en son genre. Au cours de cette étude, un large domaine de pression a ainsi été balayé en associant expérimentations en thermobalance (0,1-10 bars) et en autoclave (10-100 bars).
Les couches d'oxyde formées ont ensuite été caractérisées par différentes techniques telles que le MEB, le MET-HR, la DRX, l'ESCA, la marco- et microphotoélectrochimie (MPEC et mPEC), le SIMS après échange isotopique en H218O.
Pour les alliages de la famille du Zircaloy, nous avons confirmé le rôle prépondérant des précipités Zr(Fe,Cr)2 sur la résistance à la corrosion des gaines, et validé la croissance de la vitesse d'oxydation du zirconium quasi-pur avec la pression partielle de vapeur d'eau. A l'opposé de la très grande stabilité cinétique du Zircaloy-4, dont la vitesse est indépendante de la pression de vapeur d'eau et donc contrôlée par la diffusion de l'oxygène dans la couche, nos résultats nous ont conduits à proposer une étape limitante de réaction d'interface dans le cas du zirconium pur, associée à une forte dégradation de la couche liée à une croissance des grains catalysée par la vapeur d'eau, à l'origine des décohésions entre des amas de cristallites. Les précipités Zr(Fe,Cr)2 , au travers de la dissolution du fer dans la matrice de zircone environnante, pourraient, en stabilisant la zircone quadratique, assurer l'intégrité de la couche.
Pour les alliages Zr-x%Nb et plus particulièrement pour l'alliage Zr-1%Nb, la vitesse d'oxydation est dépendante de la pression partielle de vapeur d'eau. A cela s'ajoute un accroissement sensible de la ségrégation en niobium à la surface, mise en évidence par ESCA, sous la forme Nb2O5, mise en évidence par MPEC. La vitesse d'oxydation et la ségrégation en niobium montrent toutes deux une dépendance homographique en fonction de la pression. L'originalité de l'exploitation de ces résultats réside essentiellement dans la proposition d'un mécanisme simple prenant à la fois en compte la ségrégation et l'oxydation. Une étape limitante de diffusion des ions hydroxydes adsorbés dans la couche externe de l'oxyde permet de décrire la majorité des résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur les alliages Zr-x%Nb.
Liu, Yinghui. "Caractérisations de matériaux pour la réalisation de supercondensateurs pour des applications automobiles." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30209.
Full textIn the context of a CIFRE Convention, the thesis is financed by Renault s.a.s., this work aims at developing a carbon-carbon supercapacitor whose manufacturing cost is compatible with the automotive market, which still hinders their development. In a first part of this work, it has been shown that the cost mainly depends on the purity of the materials used: electrolyte but also activated carbon, the electrode active material. Our work has therefore been focused on the study of the electrochemical aging of laboratory supercapacitor cells assembled with different carbons, to identify their ageing mechanisms and to define the key features alternative carbons must achieve to replace commercial carbons. This work has evidenced two different modes of aging, depending on the carbon used. A first ageing mode results in the joint increase of the equivalent series resistance as well as the capacity, due to a degradation / oxidation of the carbon at the positive electrode. A second mode leads to the sole increase in equivalent series resistance by the formation of an ionic conductive solid interface layer. Whatever the aging mode, no clear influence of the surface functions of activated carbons could be evidenced. The most likely assumption is based on the content and the nature of the impurities present in the activated carbon, some of which are electroactive and can even play a catalytic role
Millon, Eric. "Étude des mécanismes d'adhérence des émaux sur les aciers." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10099.
Full textNicard, Cyril. "Mécanismes de corrosion d'aciers revêtus par AlSi(ZnMg)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC006.
Full textThe main objectives of the thesis are: - To correlate the microstructure of aluminum-based coatings developed on a hot dip galvanizing pilot with their electrochemical behavior - To identify the corrosion products that form during accelerated corrosion tests as a function of the composition and microstructure of the coatings - To demonstration formation mechanisms of corrosion products in relation to the microstructure of the coatings, the selective dissolution of the phases and the nature of the corrosive environment - To explain corrosion mechanisms of coatings for cold and hot application / Identification of the most robust and promising compositions for the targeted applications
Aymonier, Cyril. "Traitement hydrothermal de déchets industriels spéciaux : données pour le dimensionnement d'installations industrielles et concepts innovants de réacteurs sonochimique et électrochimique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007553.
Full textDaumas, Sylvie. "Corrosion bactérienne en géothermie basse température : Mécanismes de corrosion par les bactéries sulfato-réductrices." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11064.
Full textRioult, Fabien. "Cinétique et mécanismes de corrosion sèche d'un cermet à base Cu-Ni." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012081.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous présentons les mesures thermogravimétriques à 960°C et à une pression partielle d'oxygène comprise entre 1 - 1000 hPa ainsi que les observations MEB des échantillons oxydés. L'influence de la pression d'oxygène sur la vitesse d'oxydation est déterminée par des " décrochements ", c'est-à-dire des sauts de pression pendant la réaction d'oxydation. Les résultats montrent qu'au-dessus d'une pression partielle de 51 hPa (PCu), la pression d'oxygène n'a pas d'influence sur la cinétique d'oxydation. La présence des deux oxydes, CuO et Cu2O explique cette indépendance. En effet, la pression partielle d'oxygène en dessous de l'interface CuO/Cu2O est imposée par l'équilibre entre les deux oxydes. Pour PO2 inférieur à PCu, seul Cu2O a été détecté dans la couche en croissance externe sur les échantillons oxydés, et la vitesse d'oxydation dépend de la pression partielle d'oxygène. Des analyses par microsonde électronique montrent la formation d'une sous-couche contenant une phase " monoxyde " notée (NiCuFe)O, ainsi que la consommation de la phase métallique initialement présente dans le matériau cermet et la formation d'oxyde de nickel en périphérie de la phase métallique. En plus de ces modifications, nous avons observé la dissolution d'une partie du cuivre dans les phases de ferrite de nickel et de monoxyde.
Monnot, Martin. "Etude des mécanismes de corrosion sous contrainte des aciers inoxydables supermartensitiques en milieu H2S." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI046/document.
Full textSuper martensitic stainless steels are widely used in the oil and gas industry, but failures occurred in service under severe conditions. The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of the stress corrosion mechanism in H$_2$S medium. For this purpose, laboratory heats have been casted with different molybdenum contents, a component known to improve corrosion resistance. These additions of alloying elements then involve a fine characterization of the microstructure, in order to grasp the mechanisms of rupture. Particular attention has been paid to the evolution of the retained austenite and residual ferrite fraction with the heat treatments of quench and annealing which are commonly practiced on these grades. Then, by electrochemical measurements without mechanical stress, the addition of molybdenum was identified as beneficial for the passivity of the grade in the H$_2$S medium. And for 2.25% molybdenum contents, corrosion products have been identified as mainly nickel sulfides, which are inhibitors of hydrogen recombination. Subsequently, corrosion tests under static and dynamic load coupled to electrochemical impedance measurements show a beneficial effect of molybdenum and residual austenite. In particular, molybdenum reduces the defects of the passive film. A finite elements model simulates the slow strain rate traction tests taking into account the hydrogen embrittlement. In order to use experimental parameters, an electrochemical permeation cell was implemented and used to measure the hydrogen diffusion coefficient within our different heats. A good match with the experimental results was obtained with this model and a parametric study was carried out on the diffusion coefficient and the hydrogen interfacial concentration. Finally, a synthesis provides the proposal of a stress corrosion mechanism divided in two steps: the passive film resistance to limit the hydrogen absorption in the matrix and the trapping of the hydrogen by the residual austenite in function deformation
Ionescu, Claudiu Constantin. "Caractérisation des mécanismes d'usure par tribocorrosion d'alliages modèles Ni-Cr." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782644.
Full textLi, Ning. "Mécanismes de corrosion des couches minces d'argent en milieu sulfuré." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833174.
Full textLi, Ning. "Mécanismes de corrosion des couches minces d’argent en milieu sulfuré." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066103.
Full textSilver thin films (10 nm of thickness) are widely used in the glass industry for their high performance for thermal insulation of buildings. However, they are prone to deteriorate due to corrosion during the transport and storage. The aim of this thesis is to better understand the sulphidation mechanisms of silver thin films, in HS- containing aqueous solutions, with a model system Ag/Ti/SiO2, prepared by PVD. Electrochemical behavior, surface structure modifications, kinetics aspects and surface chemistry were investigated at macroscopic and atomic scales. An electrochemical behavior which is similar to that of thicker films has been observed. The mechanism of 2D sulphur adsorption on a single crystal Ag(111) in 1 mM Na2S + 0. 1 M NaOH has been explored by EC-STM. (23 × 23)R. 30°, (3 × 3)R. 30° and (7 × 7)R. 19° superstructures are formed with potential-driven increasing uptake of sulphur up to saturation. The terraces edges (steps) appear as preferential reaction sites, and by extrapolating to polycristalline films preferentially oriented (111), grain boundaries could play this role. The kinetics of the spontaneous formation of silver sulphide at open circuit potential (OCP) has been followed in situ by EQCM. The average growth rate of Ag2S is estimated to be 750 ng. Cm-2. Min-1. The formation of 3D sulphide islands has been demonstrated: the surface coverage of sulphur increase until around 85%, while the islands grow in height. The sulphidation increases the surface roughness and destroys the initial stratified structure of the stack
Millet, Maud. "Mécanismes de corrosion haute température d’aciers par des acides naphténiques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066579.
Full textIn a context of fossil fuel reserves decreasing, the share of non-conventional crude oil in prospecting grows. Refine these crudes brings reliability issues and extra-cost because of the combined presence of sulfur species and naphthenic acids, which can induce substantial corrosion in refining units. Under certain circumstances, the iron sulfur layer formed on steel can play the role of passive film by having an inhibitive effect on naphthenic acid corrosion. Our study focused on the interaction between naphthenic acids and a pre-formed iron sulfide layer on carbon steel. At TAN 4 mg KOH/g and 260°C, this layer is locally damaged by blistering and flaking, then, with a longer exposition time to naphthenic acid, the complete detachment of the layer occurs. The factors of localization of the attack were studied and it revealed the influence of defects initially present on the surface of carbon steel on the quality of the sulfide layer formed and its susceptibility to corrosion. The carbon (and pearlitic) content of steel seems to have an impact without having a dominating effect on the corrosion rate. A second part of the work focused on the identification – by ToF-SIMS – of corrosion products, which had never been isolated because of their solubility in oil. Iron naphthenates, Fe(AN)x with x = 3, 4 or 5, were detected on steel and pyrite (FeS2) after being exposed to two different pure naphthenic acids. Finally, in agreement with the results obtained, a blistering mechanism caused by accumulation of corrosion products at the metal/iron sulfide interface is proposed
Fabas, Aurélien. "Corrosion par metal dusting d'alliages austénitiques, modélisation cinétique et mécanismes." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15572/1/AFabas.pdf.
Full textDraou, Khaled. "Oxydation de laitons alpha par plasma inductif d'oxygène à basse pression." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES026.
Full textMemet, Jean-Bernard. "La corrosion marine des structures métalliques portuaires : étude des mécanismes d'amorçage et de croissance des produits de corrosion." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS047.
Full textSalgueiro, Azevedo Marcele. "Mécanismes de corrosion de l'acier revêtu d'alliage à base de ZnMgAl en tests accélérés et en environnement naturel." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066603/document.
Full textFactors differing corrosion mechanisms of ZnMgAl coatings on steel in natural environments and in accelerated tests with NaCl solution were identified. A new electrolyte (RW) containing NH4+, HCO3-, Cl- and SO42- was developed, for which the accelerated tests respected the relative corrosion rates of different Zn-based coatings and the delayed formation of layered double hydroxides (LDH) known for field exposure. Considering dissolution-precipitation mechanism of corrosion, the role of ions present in RW electrolyte on the leaching kinetics and on the accumulation of insoluble products was studied. NH4+ and HCO3- were demonstrated to increase the anodic reactivity and cathodic Al dissolution. LDH formation was delayed by NH4+, HCO3- and SO42-. Higher anodic reactivity of ZnMgAl than zinc coating combined with better resistance in corrosion tests indicated the importance of cathodic reaction (oxygen reduction). Comparing oxygen reduction currents on fresh coatings and on the surface under patinas, clear barrier effect of basic zinc salts (BZS) and LDH was demonstrated. The barrier effect was lost under cathodic polarization on Zn coating due to the transformation BZS ->ZnO/Zn(OH)2 but was stable on ZnMgAl in the same conditions – the inhibiting effect of Mg2+ on the kinetics of this transformation was evidenced. A residual “skeleton” of unreacted Al contributed to the increased compactness of the corrosion products
Guillou, Sébastien. "Etude du comportement d'un alliage chromino-formeur comme matériau d'interconnecteur pour l'Electrolyse à Haute Température." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728861.
Full textAtmani, Hamid. "Corrosion électrochimique sous contrainte mécanique des aciers inoxydables en milieu de chlorures alcalins fondus." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0022.
Full textLecercle, Apolline. "Comportement en corrosion de composites mélange-acier laitonné utilisés en pneumatiques : mécanismes physico-chimiques et évaluation multi-échelle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK030.
Full textThe tire structure is provided by metal-rubber composites. Their manufacturing process is divided into several steps : electroplating of brass on steel wires, brass-coated steel wet wire drawing and rubber/wire mixing. The weight of each step on corrosion mechanisms was evaluated.The brass coating composition is the first parameter studied. Surface characterizations such as SEM-EBSD and XPS have been performed and contribute to the electrochemical resultats understanding. Electrochemical experiments were done in 0.01 M NaCl and coupled with ICP-AES measurements. Linear voltammetry as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under polarization are used to characterize the overall behavior of the brass reinforcement and to follow the ORR and dissolution evolution. The coating composition influence on the corrosion behavior has been determined.During the wet wire drawing, microstructure mechanical deformations and lubricant were identified as influencing parameters by means of surface characterization and electrochemical tools (linear and cyclic voltammetry, EIS under polarization, study of lubricants in solution).In the composite, the rubber can act as cathode. The galvanic couplings (rubber-wire or wire-wire) have been identified by ZRA measurements under different aging conditions. The species released by the rubber have revealed an influence on the corrosion behavior. The composite degradation kinetic was evaluated by breaking force measurements. The possible synergy between lubricant and rubber has been verified
Decoopman, Benjamin. "Compréhension des mécanismes de dégradation des cœurs de pile à combustible PEM en application automobile." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI105.
Full textProton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are electrochemical generators producing clean energy from hydrogen. Their low operating temperature and their fast dynamic response make them ideal for transport applications, a sector responsible of 41% of the CO2 emissions worldwide. Unfortunately, degradations, which reduce their durability, limit their future development.This research work focuses on membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) degradations in automotive applications. Three topics are studied, dealing with reversible and irreversible degradations, and the interdependence between system strategies and MEA preparation.A new carbon degradation mechanism has been observed, occurring even when the fuel cell is off under humidified hydrogen or inert gas. The loss of carbon induces an irreversible degradation of the catalyst layer whereas the carbon monoxide produced by the corrosion reaction affects reversibly the performances. It turns out that air starvation is a useful tool to get rid of reversible degradations due to the cathodic and anodic catalyst contamination. Experiments have been carried out to point out the mechanisms occurring during periodical air starvations as well as their impact on durability. In order to control the power of the fuel cell by air flow, the effects of permanent air starvation have finally been researched in potentiostatic and potentiodynamic modes. The introduction of a recirculation loop within the cathodic compartment enables the homogenization of the flow and the polarization of the cells
Lemaître, Christian. "Mécanismes d'inhibition de la corrosion localisée en milieu chlorure des aciers inoxydables : rôle de l'ion chromate en corrosion par piqûres." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPE088.
Full textHerms, Emmanuel. "Etude fractographique de la corrosion sous contrainte et de la fatigue-corrosion d'alliages austénitiques : incidence sur l'expertise et les mécanismes." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12147.
Full textPoinsot, Jocelin. "Influence des éléments cuivre et tungstène sur les mécanismes de corrosion localisée des super-duplex." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK013.
Full textSuper duplex stainless steels (SDSS) are interesting engineering materials, due to their generally high corrosion resistance combined with high strength. They are widely used in various industrial sectors, such as oil & gas (pipelines and storage tanks), desalination (evaporators and pumps), geothermal, pollution control (scrubber) and pulp and paper (digester and bleaching reactors) industries.In this PhD thesis, the influence of the addition of copper and tungsten in SDSS on their localised corrosion resistance (pitting) was investigated. Three alloys studied were: UR2507, UR2507Cu (1.6 %wt. Cu) and UR2507W (0.6%wt. Cu and 0.6%wt. W).The thickness and chemical composition of the passive film formed on the three alloys after optimised surface preparation was first investigated by means of X ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy before and after immersion in highly concentrated NaCl solutions. Pitting corrosion resistance was then investigated in NaCl-based media using the critical pitting temperature testing method combined with the electrochemical microcell technique (capillary diameter of about 300 microns) and potentiostatic pulse technique (PPT). Local CPT measurements were used to compare the resistance of the three different alloys to pitting while PPT enables to compare the size of the pits formed. In addition, pitting potentials were measured in samples with 5 cm² area in solutions of different NaCl concentrations and temperatures. These measurements are closer to the real using conditions of the alloys.It was showed that copper and tungsten effects on localised corrosion resistance in SDSS depend on the using media (T, [Cl-]) and the initiation and start of the propagation phases can also be influenced by parameters not linked to composition such as local pH and surface conditions (cold-work layer)
Saheb-Djahromi, Mandana. "Les analogues archéologiques ferreux pour la compréhension des mécanismes de corrosion multiséculaire en milieu anoxique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0015.
Full textUnderstanding the long term corrosion mechanisms of iron in an anoxic environment is essential in the field of the radioactive waste storage. In France, it is planned to store high level nuclear wastes in a multibarrier system containing a glassy matrix surrounded by a stainless steel container, embedded in a low-carbon steel overcontainer. This system would be placed in a deep geological repository, which would impose anoxic conditions. As it must be efficient for a period of several thousands of years, one should understand the alteration mechanisms that are expected to occur in such a long time. To this purpose, a specific approach is developed on ferrous archaeological analogues with thick corrosion layer formed in natural conditions. In this study, the corrosion mechanisms have been assessed by examining nails aged of 400 years coming from the archaeological site of Glinet, selected as a reference site. The first point was a fine characterisation of the entire corrosion system metal / corrosion products / medium, through the use of coupled multiscale analytical tools. The first results showed that the samples were corroded in an anoxic calco-carbonated environment. Moreover, the coupling of X-ray microdiffraction, Raman microspectroscopy and dispersive energy spectroscopy has enabled to identify three corrosion systems composed of iron carbonates, siderite and chukanovite, and magnetite. Depending on the phase’s layout in the system, the electronic resistance of the corrosion layers has been established, from resistive to conductive. In a second stage, recorroding experiments in laboratory were performed. Firstly, the electrochemical behaviour of the corrosion system has shown that water reduction at the metallic interface is negligible. Furthermore, reaction tracing with copper and deuterium has allowed identifying the electron consumptions sites mainly localised on the external part, and the precipitation sites on the internal part of the corrosion layer. From the obtained results, long term corrosion mechanisms in anoxic media have been proposed. One is based on the occurrence of a nanometric non porous layer located at the metallic interface. The other one is based on a gel-like phase’s formation. This study has enabled to propose new data on the corrosion processes occurring in anoxic media; these last must be integrated in the behaviour models of buried ferrous materials
Mercier, Dimitri. "Étude des mécanismes de formation de l'interphase dans les systèmes époxy-amine/aluminium." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003939410204611&vid=upec.
Full textWhen they are applied onto aluminium substrates, epoxy-amine liquid monomers react with the oxide-covered metal to form an interphase by dissolution of the oxide layer by amine hardener. This interphase is of particular interest to determine the physical and chemical properties of the bondary (practical adhesion, corrosion resistance and durability). On the other hand diamine molecules are often used as inhibitors of corrosion. The study of the interaction of 1,2-diaminoethane (molecule used as amine curing agent and inhibitor) with aluminium susbstrate has displayed different effects of the molecule on the substrate. The diamine molecule can form a mononuclear inner-sphere complex (bidentate). This complex is not stable and leads to the dissolution of the substrate thus explaining the formation of the interphase. On the other hand the diamine molecule can form a binuclear outer-sphere complex (monodentate or bidentate). This complex is very stable and can protect the substrate
Le, Calvar Marc. "Contribution de la spectrométrie photoélectronique (X. P. S. ) et de spectroscopies optiques (50000-400 cm(-1)) à l'étude de l'oxydation du nickel, du chrome et d'un alliage nickel-chrome." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES012.
Full textL'Haridon--Quaireau, Sarah. "Etude des mécanismes de corrosion et des effets d'irradiation sur la corrosion d'un alliage d'aluminium utilisé dans les réacteurs nucléaires expérimentaux." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS047.
Full textMaterials Testing Reactors (MTR) are experimental nuclear reactors used to irradiate materials. Aluminium alloys, in particular the 6061-T6, are used in MTR of the core components and for the fuel cladding. In the aqueous media of the core, these alloys are corroded and an aluminium hydroxide film covers their surface. Because of a low thermal conductivity, this film degrades the thermal exchange between the core components and the aqueous media; this can lead to an overheating of the reactor. As a result, it is important to determinate the hydroxide thicknesses on the surface of the aluminium alloys. In the literature, empirical models have been developed to predict these thicknesses depending on the operational conditions of the reactors. Tests in corrosion loop have been performed at a temperature superior to 100°C. The data resulting of these tests is used to extrapolated the empirical models. However, in the French reactors, the maximal temperature of the core components is between 70 and 100°C. Thus, in order to use the empirical models in the French reactors, their application range should be extended to a temperature inferior to 100°C. With this goal, parametric studies are performed with different temperatures (70-100°C), pressures (0.5-12 bar) and pH (5-7.5). These studies indicate that the temperature and the pH have an important impact on the aluminium corrosion and on the hydroxide growth. The hydroxide thicknesses are more important at 70°C than at 100°C. This observation is due to a change in the crystalline phase of aluminium hydroxide: the hydroxide formed at 70°C is less protective for the aluminium oxidation than the one at 100°C. The pH influences the hydroxide solubility and thus the hydroxide thicknesses, a pH of 5 allows to reduce these thicknesses compared to 7.5. However, the data collected during these parametric studies does not allow to adapt the empirical models to a temperature inferior to 100°C, this is due to variations of pH during corrosion tests and to a too low evolution of the hydroxide thicknesses. As a result, more tests with corrosion loop are needed.In addition, in the reactor, the 6061-T6 alloy is exposed to neutron irradiation. According to the literature, this irradiation increases the aluminium corrosion. Ion irradiations have been performed in order to evaluate if it is possible to use ion irradiations to approach the conditions found in nuclear core. The first irradiation with Al ions is performed on the non-corroded metal with at most 14 dpa; this causes an amorphisation of the dispersoïdes and increases the dislocation density. These types of damage seem to increase the hydroxide growth and the aluminium corrosion. The second irradiation with Al ions is performed on aluminium hydroxide with at most 4.5 dpa. This causes a change in the microstructure of the hydroxide crystals (from parallelepiped, they become globular), the formation of cavity and the dehydration of the hydroxide resulting in the formation of nanocrystallites of oxide η-Al₂O₃. These types of damage seem to increase the hydroxide growth. The effects of the ionic irradiations are compared to the results of a neutron irradiation performed in the reactor Osiris at the CEA of Saclay. The both types of irradiation are similar effects on the aluminium corrosion. As a result, tests in a corrosion loop coupled with ion irradiations would be used to enrich the database used to extrapolate the empirical models to temperature inferior to 100°C