Academic literature on the topic 'Mécanisme d’endommagement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mécanisme d’endommagement"
Tamboura, S., H. Sidhom, and H. P. Lieurade. "Matériau composite à fibre de carbone et matrice époxy (T300-5208) : Étude du mécanisme d’endommagement cyclique." Matériaux & Techniques 84, no. 3-4 (1996): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/199684030015.
Full textNajjar, D., A. Iost, M. Bigerelle, T. Coorevits, J. Girard, and H. Migaud. "Mécanismes d’endommagement des pièces de frottement des arthroplasties de hanche à couple métal-polyéthylène." Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Réparatrice de l'Appareil Moteur 90, no. 8 (December 2004): 732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-1040(04)70753-9.
Full textJuarez, Cesar, Gerardo Fajardo, and Pedro Valdez. "Caractérisation microstructurale des fibres naturelles pour des matériaux composites à base de ciment." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 3 (March 2009): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-009.
Full textBusser, V., M. C. Baietto, J. Desquines, C. Duriez, and J. P. Mardon. "Mécanismes d’endommagement de la couche d’oxyde des gaines de crayons de combustible en situation accidentelle de type RIA." Matériaux & Techniques 99, no. 1 (2011): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2010116.
Full textSeeleuthner, Ph, J. Bai, and Ph Bompard. "Influence des défauts de fabrication sur les mécanismes d’endommagement dans un tube composite fibre de verre et résine époxyde." Revue de Métallurgie 91, no. 9 (September 1994): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199491091344.
Full textGodin, Nathalie, Stéphanie Deschanel, Mohamed R'Mili, Pascal Reynaud, Jacques Lamon, and Gilbert Fantozzi. "Identification de la signature acoustique des différents mécanismes d’endommagement lors d’essais de fatigue sur CMC. Application de classificateurs supervisé et non supervisé." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 23, no. 1 (April 2013): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rcma.23.85-98.
Full textJago, G., G. Ferrière, J. Béchet, and C. Bathias. "Relations entre paramètres microstructuraux et mécanismes d’endommagement dans les alliages de titane α + β . Application à l’alliage Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo en fatigue vibratoire à 20 kHz." Revue de Métallurgie 93, no. 9 (September 1996): 1093–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199693091093.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mécanisme d’endommagement"
Ben, ameur Mariem. "Caractérisation mécanique et suivi par émission acoustique des mécanismes d’endommagement des composites à fibres hybrides lin/carbone." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1039.
Full textThe use of natural fibers as reinforcement makes it possible to improve the environmental performance of the composite materials as well as their damping properties. Nevertheless, these natural fiber composites have lower mechanical performance than synthetic fiber composites. In this context, this study proposes to develop composite structures with hybrid reinforcement made of flax and carbon fibers. The objective of this hybridization is to find a compromise between the mechanical and dissipative properties. First, the static behavior of flax fiber, carbon fiber and flax/carbon hybrid composites was analyzed. The principal elastic characteristics of a UD ply in plane stresses are thus determined. Moreover, a monitoring and an analysis of the mechanisms of damage were carried out by means of the technique of acoustic emission associated with microscopic observations. In order to better meet industrial needs, the behavior of composites subjected to cyclic fatigue tests must be studied. In fact, the fatigue behavior of these materials with non-hybrid and hybrid reinforcements was analyzed under tensile stress and three-point bending. The influence of hybridization on the fatigue life of these composites has been established. Finally, an experimental study and a finite element modeling of the vibratory behavior of non-hybrid and hybrid composites were carried out. Thus, the role of different fibers, fiber orientations, stacking sequences in vibration damping has been discussed
Muñoz-Mejia, Luisa. "Étude expérimentale des mécanismes d’endommagement par fatigue dans les élastomères renforcés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10235.
Full textIn this thesis, we present an experimental study on fatigue crack growth dynamics in a natural rubber filled with silica or carbon black nanoparticles. This work has been developed in an industrial context aiming to transpose the qualities of silica filler on synthetic rubber to natural rubber, which has a strain induced crystallization behavior. The main research objective is to understand the influence of material and test parameters on fatigue fracture of rubber. Crack growth dynamics is followed by video tracking using optical and thermo-graphic cameras. The later allows us to measure the heating build-up of specimens due to cyclic loading. The morphology of rupture surfaces is characterized by post mortem observation (SEM, optical profilometry). The influence of temperature, frequency, kind of filler and filler rate has been studied. Whatever the compound or test conditions, crack growth becomes unstable starting at a certain strain level. This behavior is clearly visible on the curves of tear energy vs. crack growth rate, where two branches of crack velocity appear. In the low velocity branch, the roughness of rupture surfaces is very important because of cavities formation. In the high velocity branch, the morphology of rupture surfaces is characterized by sawtooth striations; their size increase with velocity. We demonstrate that, in contrast with literature data, at least two fatigue cycles are needed to form one striation. The instability occurrence and catastrophic rupture thresholds depend on filler type and test conditions
Vincent, Julien. "Étude expérimentale des interactions aube-abradable à très grandes vitesses : influence du matériau et de sa microstructure." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0334.
Full textThe turbofan efficiency can be improved by minimizing the blade-casing gap, thus reducing the aerodynamic loss. The reduced gap conduces to contact risk between the high-speed rotating blades and the engine case. Sacrificial materials, called abradable materials, are deposited on the casing to limit the damage caused by these contacts. These interactions involve a lot of damage mechanisms, which can be adverse or beneficial to the proper performance of the abradable seal and to the reliability of the engine. The aim of this thesis is to understand, predict and quantify the different damages and the interaction forces associated for abradable materials obtained with different process parameters. A triaxial dynamometer was developed to reproduce the local high-speed interactions (50 – 300 m/s) between the blade tip and the abradable material during transitional phases. The interaction forces measurement during short-lived contacts (300 µs – 1 ms) requires a large bandwidth. A correction method based on experimental modal analysis was implemented to extend the natural bandwidth of the device and attenuate the crosstalk between the different measurement channels. The damage mechanisms of abradable materials were studied by post-mortem analysis and correlated to the interaction forces and velocity
Chantereau, Pierre. "Caractérisation biomécanique et modélisation histologique des mécanismes de vieillissement et d’endommagement du système pelvien." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S017/document.
Full textThe pelvic floor is a complex anatomical system involved in urination, defecation and reproduction. It is composed of several organs, muscles and ligaments, all interconnected. Unfortunately the pelvic floor can suffer from several pathologies like prolapses. Prolapses are defined as an abnormal displacement of one or more pelvic organs. Prolapses are widespread in the woman population. One woman out of three would be affected, one out of ten undergoing a surgical treatment in her life. This pathology has tremendous consequences on the patient quality of life. Its treatment is mainly surgical, but big improvements are needed. Indeed, the recurrence rate could reach up to 60% in the literature.The improvement of surgical technics will only be possible with a better global mechanical understanding of the pelvic floor. A deep understanding of the healthy pelvic floor mobility compared to the pathological would allow for the development of technics to better treat patients.Even though several studies have been done, a lack of mechanical understanding is to be noted. Indeed very few data coming from healthy young patients are available. Moreover most tests are uniaxial testing, which are by essence quite limited. A lack of relationship between phenomenological and clinical models is also to be noted.Within our study we have then realized uniaxial testing of different tissues from young cadavers (<40 years old). That allowed us to prove the hyper-elasticity and the great deformability of young pelvic tissues. It also helped us to better understand the ageing and damaging processes of those tissues by comparing them to data available in the literature. We could should that the ligaments and the vagina undergo a different ageing process than the rectum and the bladder. That ageing that we defined as “traumatic” induces much stronger non-reversible stretching and stiffening of the tissues than a “natural” ageing.Our mechanical study broadened up by looking at bindings between organs (vesico-vaginal and recto-vaginal). Those bindings have been, for the first time to our knowledge, under shear conditions. We could then show that those binding have a linear mechanical behavior for small displacements and that their stiffness even though limited should be taken into account in numerical models.Following that purely mechanical study we tried to accommodate our models to a public of medical professionals, by linking our phenomenological models to clinical ones, histological in that case. We then realized a histologically based model of the mechanical behavior of pelvic tissues, linking the rate of collagen and elastin of a tissue to its mechanical behavior. Thanks to that model, inspired by the physics of polymers we could correlate the collagen and elastin rates of a tissue to its rigidity and therefore make a complex model more accessible.We then gathered our knowledge on the understanding of prolapses and observed how our study could deepen it. We focused on the ageing and damaging processes and their consequences from a mechanical and histological point of view. To help the understanding we looked at precise examples like ageing, vaginal delivery or cystocele
Glanowski, Thomas. "Compréhension et modélisation des mécanismes élémentaires d’endommagement en fatigue d’élastomères renforcés au noir de carbone." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENTA0009.
Full textThe fatigue properties of carbon black filled elastomers are strongly related to the inclusions’ population, induced by complex recipes and the successive stages of the manufacturing process (mixing, injection and curing). The improvement of these properties involves at first an ability to describe the statistical features of these inclusions’ population in terms of nature, size, geometry, orientation and spatial distribution. Then, a detailed understanding of the damage mechanisms is required in order to define the mechanical criticality of inclusions according to their characteristics under cyclic loading. This study presents at first the tools developed, based on a detailed analysis of X-ray micro-tomography data. The obtained results on the inclusion’s populations and the damage induced allow highlighting the potential of these tools and their current limits for the studied materials. Atypical inclusions, unknown in the litterature, has been discovered. The cavitation mechanism appears to be the most critical regarding fatigue because it leads to micro-cracks that propagate in the matrix. A comparison of the criticality of the inclusions’ parameters regarding a cavitation criterion is carried out with a parametric study using finite elements simulations. Finally, thermographic measurements at the inclusions’s scale show the additional investiguations needed for a better understanding of the damage mechanisms at this scale
Thieulin, Coralie. "Caractérisation des mécanismes d’endommagement du stratum corneum induit par le frottement répété de papiers en cellulose." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEE001/document.
Full textFar from being a mere envelope around our bodies, the skin forms a mechanical, physical, chemical and immunological barrier. This protective task falls in large part in the outermost layer, the stratum corneum. However, in our daily lives, the repeated friction of cellulose tissues against the skin surface may induce discomfort feelings and cutaneous reactions. In particular, during colds, the repeated friction of tissues could compromise the skin around the nose and induce painful irritation. This work is about meeting consumer needs in terms of softness and user comfort of cellulose tissues. To this end, the study was decomposed into two main parts. The first part was devoted to the quantification of the tactile quality of the tissues. The second one was interested in the skin/tissue interaction and the potential irritant effect during the repeated friction. In order to quantify the sensorial quality of tissues, we developed an artificial finger that mimics the human touch. This device enables the measurement of the friction coefficient of the tissue against the skin surface, and the evaluation of the generated vibrations. On one hand, the results showed that the vibrations were a good indicator of the softness of a tissue. In another hand, we showed that the friction coefficient was related to the surface texture of the tissue. These key results allowed us to have a rapid, simple and reproducible method to evaluate the tactile quality of a tissue. This method is very useful for the paper industry which was previously using expensive and time-consuming sensorial panels. In the second part of the thesis, we studied the cutaneous reactions induced by the repeated friction of tissues with different softnesses. This study was performed in vivo, on 59 volunteers of the laboratory. Two innovative devices were developed. First, an in vivo rotary tribometer was developed to reproduce the repeated friction of the tissue onto the skin. The advantage of this device is the full control of the friction parameters such as the applied normal force, the sliding velocity and the duration of the test. In order to evaluate the cutaneous reactions, we developed a contactless indentation device which is able to measure the mechanical properties of the skin. The results showed that the cutaneous reactions were higher when the paper was unsoft. The cutaneous irritation was visible through the increase of the trans-epidermal water loss, the redness and the blood flow of the skin and through the decrease of its mechanical properties. Beyond the findings, during the thesis, we developed new innovative and effective methods to characterise the tactile quality of tissues and evaluate the cutaneous reactions induced by the repeated friction of them on the skin
Hamdane, Ouadie. "Etude des mécanismes de plasticité et d’endommagement de l’acier martensitique T91 en présence de sodium liquide." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10113/document.
Full textThe T91 martensitic steel is designed to constitute structural material of future sodium fast reactors of fourth generation, where it will be subjected to stresses in presence of liquid sodium. This study presents a qualitative and quantitative estimate of the sensitivity of T91 steel towards the phenomenon of liquid metal embrittlement. The effect of liquid sodium on T91 steel was studied and quantified according to the temperature and strain rate, by using a set-up of Small Punch Test, three and four bending test, developed in laboratory. Mechanical tests in sodium environment are carried out inside a Plexiglas cell, conceived and developed at the laboratory. The atmosphere inside this cell is severely purified and controlled. The presence of sodium accelerates T91 steel fracture at low temperature, without modifying its ductile character. The T91 pre-immersion in sodium makes it possible to dissolve the protective layer of chromium oxide, and to obtain an intimate contact with the molten metal. However, pre-immersion generates a surface defects which cause a partial embrittlement by sodium. The hardening of T91 steel by heat treatment with a tempering temperature of 550 °C causes a total embrittlement of steel in presence of sodium, with and without pre-immersion. The hardened steel fracture takes then place by intergranular separation, corresponding to the crack initiation, followed by a cleavage, corresponding at the stage of propagation of these cracks. The mechanism suggested in this study is based on the intergranular penetration of sodium, supported by the presence of segregated impurities such phosphorus, and by the plastic straining
Chastand, Victor. "Etude du comportement mécanique et des mécanismes d'endommagement de pièces métalliques réalisées par fabrication additive." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0012/document.
Full textAdditive manufacturing offers new opportunities for industries to manufacture complex parts with no additional tooling and better optimization of the material used.This thesis is about the analysis of the mechanical properties and the damaging mechanisms of parts produced by additive manufacturing, using mechanical properties of casted and wrought parts as reference. This type of analysis is necessary in order to industrialize the process.The tensile and fatigue properties on Titanium Ti-6Al-4V and Aluminium AlSi7Mg0,6 were measured. The effects of the process, the manufacturing direction, the post-machining and the post-heat treatments were compared. Properties are at least at the level of casting.A correlation of these results with microstructures and fracture surfaces was made in order to extract the damaging mechanisms. A method to measure the criticity of the defects in a part was defined. Some of these hypotheses were verified using microtomographic in situ tensile tests
Charvet, Agathe. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques et des mécanismes d’endommagement dans un polymère bio-source : l’acétate de cellulose plastifié." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1032/document.
Full textCellulose acetate (CA) is a bio based polymer. Melt processing of cellulose based thermoplastic polymers is a real challenge. One problem is the existence of a narrow window between the melting point and the degradation temperatures for cellulose acetate with a substitution degree (DS) around 2.45 (which is developed and commercialized by Rhodia Acetow). As a consequence, its processing can only be considered with a sufficient amount of externalplasticizer (between 15 and 30% by weight). The corresponding polymer/plasticizer blends areamorphous and their mechanical properties are mainly governed by the presence of a high volume fraction of strong hydrogen bonds. The plasticization of cellulose acetate has been thesubject of many studies allowing us to focus on two plasticizers: triacetin (TA), an eco-friendlyplasticizer frequently used for cellulose acetate and diethyl phthalate (DEP) which is the historicplasticizer of cellulose acetate which constitutes a reference for this work as it is usually the case in the literature. Few studies have been published regarding the mechanical properties of bulk cellulose acetate (prepared via injection molding). It is described that they are comparable to those of PS or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and have proven to be particularly interesting. Cellulose acetate based materials usually display a high Young modulus. But its small deformation at break limits its potential for new applications. The objectives of this thesis are to deeply understand the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of bulk plasticized cellulose acetate polymers. For this purpose we first analyzed the tensile behavior and the influence of various parameters such as nature and content of the plasticizer, but also the influence of the injection process. We have thus been able to highlight the appearance of a strain hardening regime from 8% of deformation under certain conditions. It appears that the choice of the plasticizer, the temperature of the experiment and the macroscopic pre-orientation of the chains significantly influence this regime. Strain hardening has already been observed in other amorphous polymers such as polycarbonate (PC) or poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) which are classified as amorphous polymers called "ductile". The origin of this regime is still undeveloped and much debated, however it appears that it stabilizes the deformation by avoiding the localization of damage and is therefore a key parameter for improving the ductility of these polymers. In order to better understand this ductility, we have made some analysis by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) as well as Ultra Small Angles X-ray Scattering (USAXS). Thanks to these characterizations we have been able to describe the micromechanisms of damage from macro to nano-scales and thus precisely describe the micromechanisms related to initiation and propagation of damage. By these analyzes we highlight the simultaneous nucleation of nano crazes around pre-existing defects (related to the injection process). These crazes grow slowly until reaching the hundred microns. However, when the applied stress becomes sufficiently high, a small portion of these crazes starts to grow faster until the failure of the sample. With DEP the kinetics of growth is very fast, causing a brittle failure of the sample. With TA this growth is slower, which makes it possible to observe the evolution of the larger crazes. This work proposes a new mechanism of damage in plasticized cellulose acetate based on experimental results and physical interpretations
Martin, François. "Apport des lois d’endommagement continues pour la conception des ouvrages souterrains et la hiérarchisation des comportements rocheux." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DENS0022.
Full textThe work proposed in this thesis provides a new approach of the current design for tunnels. By the means of a double hierarchic way, in terms of computation method on the one hand and term of constitutive law on the other hand, various damage laws are exposed in order to better understand the excavation-support mechanics
Book chapters on the topic "Mécanisme d’endommagement"
"Annexe C : Mécanismes d’endommagement et probabilité d’occurrence." In Monitoring de la corrosion interne dans les industries pétrolières et gazières, 55–64. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1990-4-012.
Full text"Annexe C : Mécanismes d’endommagement et probabilité d’occurrence." In Monitoring de la corrosion interne dans les industries pétrolières et gazières, 55–64. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1990-4.c012.
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