Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mécanismes aux foyers'
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Ritz, Jean François. "Evolution du champ de contraintes dans les Alpes du Sud depuis la fin de l'Oligocène : implications sismotectoniques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805088.
Full textFuenzalida, Velasco Amaya. "Répliques des séismes de Tocopilla 2007 (Mw 7. 6) et Maule 2010 (Mw 8. 8) : implications pour la subduction chilienne." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0702.
Full textJimenez, Encarnacion. "Etude des mécanismes au foyer à partir d'une station unique : application aux domaines euro-méditérranéen et sud-ouest Pacifique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13241.
Full textMohammedi, Hamdane. "Contribution à la localisation des événements et l'identification des mécanismes au foyer en micro-sismicité induite par l'exploitation d'hydrocarbures : utilisation de modèles de frottement dynamique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0873.
Full textFranzelli, Benedetta Giulia. "Impact de la description chimique dans la Simulation Numerique Directe et la Simulation aux Grandes Echelles pour la combustion turbulente des foyers aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662813.
Full textGodano, Maxime. "Etude théorique sur le calcul des mécanismes au foyer dans un réservoir et application à la sismicité de la saline de Vauvert (Gard)." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410768.
Full textL'inversion double-couple et l'inversion du tenseur des moments sont testées sur quatre séismes induits dans le réservoir géothermique de Soultz-sous-Forêts. Les mécanismes obtenus sont en accord avec ceux déterminés par Charléty et al. 2007.
La méthode d'inversion est appliquée à la sismicité de la saline de Vauvert enregistrée par un réseau permanent de deux stations 3-composante. Dans un premier temps, la méthode est testée sur 15 séismes enregistrés durant le déploiement temporaire d'une antenne de quatre capteurs 3-composante. La comparaison entre l'inversion utilisant les deux stations permanentes et l'antenne temporaires et l'inversion utilisant seulement les deux stations permanentes montre des mécanismes au foyer double-couple identiques pour les séismes localisés entre les deux stations permanentes. Dans un deuxième temps, la méthode est appliquée à un essaim de sismicité. Les mécanismes au foyer obtenus pour 532 évènements, indiquent pour la majorité une rupture le long de fractures sub-verticales NE-SW, interprétée comme de probables ruptures sur les plans stratigraphiques des bancs d'insolubles intercalés dans la formation de sel.
Bellou, Magalie. "Analyse sismotectonique de la zone sismique sud-islandaise." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066443.
Full textIn southern Iceland, the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) is an E-W trending, left-lateral active transform zone at latitude 64°N. The SISZ is approximately 20-30 km wide and 70-80 km long. The last major seismic crisis recorded in the SISZ occurred in June 2000. A first major event occurred on June 17th, 2000 (Mw= 6. 5) and was followed by a second event on June 21st, 2000. The mass inversion aimed at to identifying the seismotectonic stress regimes that best account for the whole set of data. The inversion reveals consistent orientations, for both a primary strike-slip regime with NE-SW compression and NW-SE extension and a secondary strike-slip regime with NW-SE compression and NE-SW extension. A simple permutation, or switch, occurs between the extreme stress axes of these two regimes (maximum and minimum principal stresses), so that they should be considered as mechanically ‘opposite’. The study of the space and time evolution of the two stress regimes, at the regional scale of the SISZ, indicates that the corresponding earthquakes are highly intricate in space and time. This suggests that the secondary regime does not correspond to distinct regional seismotectonic mechanisms but mainly results from the effects of elastic rebound, stress drop and fluid migration. However, despite homogeneity revealed in the first approximation by the stress analysis of the whole SISZ, the study of stress tensors at a local scale around the faults reveals some interesting spatial variations. The results indicate a larger average deviation of the stress between 5 to 10 km, up to about 40 degrees instead of about 20 degrees at shallower depths. This difference in angular dispersion may be attributed to an effect of the higher fluid pore pressure beneath the depth of about 5 km. The three-dimensional structural analysis of the push-up structures reveals the amount of displacement along earthquake strike-slip faults and indicates similar values for each fault in a range of 1. 1-1. 6 m. The determinations of the magnitudes from co-seismic displacement evaluation demonstrate that in the past, the earthquakes may have reached magnitude equal to 7 or more in the SISZ. The proximity of the Icelandic Mantle Plume, marked by a positive thermal anomaly, certainly affected the rheology of the upper lithosphere and hence the structural development of the transform deformation zone. Simple shear probably prevails within a 20 km wide corridor, with a typical pattern of brittle deformation in the uppermost crust and a more pervasive deformation in the underlying, partly viscous layer. The block faulting at the surface is quite consistent with a Riedel type distribution. Both the fault distribution and the effective block dimensions are consistent with a simple structural evolution model
Balestra, Julien. "Caractérisation de la source des séismes par inversion des données sismologiques et géodésiques : mécanismes au foyer, optimisation des modèles de vitesse, distribution du glissement cosismique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4020/document.
Full textStudies of the earthquake source are based on observations of seismic ground motions. They also depend on the quality and the density of measurements. In this present work we will present studies of the determination of focal mechanism of main aftershocks of the Les Saintes (MW 6.4, 2004) earthquake, and the determination of the coseismic slip of the L’Aquila (MW 6.3, 2009), the Miyagi-Oki (MW 7.2, 2005), ant the Sanriku-Oki (MW 7.3, 2011) earthquakes. These studies were based on two inversion methods. Different kinds of data were available (strong motion, broadband teleseismic, GPS and InSAR) depending on the earthquake studied. But the multiplicity of data is not sufficient to well describe rupture process. There are others difficulties as the data modeling of strong motion. Seismic velocity models are used to describe the characteristics of layers crossed by seismic waves. The quality of the modeling is depending on the pertinence of these seismic velocity models. The description of the rupture process is also depending on the non-uniqueness of the best solution given by global inversion methods. We propose two procedures in order to take into account these two classic issues. First, we developed a velocity model exploration procedure to obtain optimized 1D velocity models in order to improve the strong motion modeling of the L’Aquila earthquake. Then we developed a procedure to build an average rupture model from the combined results of several joint inversions, which was applied to the L’Aquila, the Miyagi-Oki, and the Sanriku-Oki earthquake. This thesis presents all these works and answers to the raised issues
Harjono, Hery. "Géodynamique du Détroit de la Sonde, Indonésie : apports des données de microsismicité et implications volcanologiques." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112373.
Full textBeldjoudi, Hamoud. "Modélisation de la source des séismes par inversion des données sismologiques et géodésiques : application aux séismes du Nord de l’Algérie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4053/document.
Full textStudies of the earthquake source are based on observations of seismic and static ground motions, which depend on the quality and the density of measurements. In this thesis, we present studies of the determination of the focal mechanism of the Tadjena (Mw 5.0, 2006), Béni-Ilmane (Mw 5.5, 2010), Hammam Melouane (Mw 5.0, 2013), Bordj-Ménaïel (Mw 4.1, 2014), Alger (Mw 5.7, 2014) and M’ziraa (Mw 5.1, 2016) earthquakes, by modeling waveforms in the near and regional field with broadband and strong motion stations of the Algerian Digital Seismic Netwok (ADSN). In addition, we determined the coseismic slip distribution of the Boumerdes-Zemmouri earthquake (Mw 6.8, 2003) by inverting a most comprehensive set of data (teleseismic, strong motion, GPS, InSAR, coastal uplift). We calculated the Coulomb Failure Function between the Boumerdes-Zemmouri earthquake (source fault) and the Hammam Melouane, Bordj Ménaïel and Algiers (Mw 5.7, 2014) events (receiver faults). We computed the stress tensor in different regions of Algeria obtained from the inversion of the available focal mechanisms
Kinnaert, Xavier. "Data processing of induced seismicity : estimation of errors and of their impact on geothermal reservoir models." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH013/document.
Full textInduced seismicity location and focal mechanisms are commonly used to image the sub-surface designin reservoirs among other tasks. In this Ph.D. the inaccuracies and uncertainties on earthquake location and focal mechanisms are quantified using a three-step method. The technique is applied to the geothermal sites of Soultz and Rittershoffen to investigate the effect of several criteria on thee arthquake location. A good azimuthal seismic coverage and the use of seismic down-hole sensors seriously decrease the location uncertainty. On the contrary, velocity model uncertainties, represented by a 5% Gaussian distribution of the velocity model around the reference model, will multiply location uncertainties by a factor of 2 to 3. An incorrect knowledge of the sub-surface or the simplifications performed before the earthquake location can lead to biases of 10% of the vertical distance separating the source and the stations with a non-isotropic spatial distribution. Hence the sub-surface design maybe distorted in the interpretations. To prevent from that fact, the calibration shot method was proved to be efficient. The study on focal mechanism errors seems to lead to different conclusions. Obviously, the angular bias may be increased by neglecting the fault in the velocity. But, it may also be the same as or even smaller than the bias calculated for the case simulating a perfect knowledge of the medium of propagation. Furthermore a better seismic coverage always leads to smaller angular biases. Hence,it is worth advising to use more than only earthquake location in order to image a reservoir. Other geothermal sites and reservoirs may benefit from the method developed here
Die korrekte Lokalisierung von induzierter Seismizität und den dazugehörigen Herdflächenlösungensind sehr wichtige Parameter. So werden zum Beispiel die Verteilung der Erdbeben und die Orientierung ihrer Herdflächenlösungen dazu benutzt um in der Tiefe liegende Reservoirs zulokalisieren und abzubilden. In dieser Doktorarbeit wird eine Technik vorgeschlagen um diemethodisch bedingten Fehler zu quantifizieren. Mit dieser Methode werden die verschiedenen Fehlerquellen, die Unsicherheiten und die Fehler im Modell getrennt. Die Technik wird für die geothermischen Felder in Soultz und in Rittershoffen benutzt um den Einfluss verschiedener Parameter (Annahmen) auf die Lokalisierung der induzierten Seismizität zu bestimmen. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Bohrlochseismometer und eine gute azimutale Verteilung der seismischen Stationen die Unbestimmtheiten verkleinern. Die Geschwindigkeitsunbestimmheiten, die durch eine Gauss-Verteilung mit 5% Fehler dargestellt werden, vervielfachen die Lokalisierungsungenauigkeiten um einen Faktor 2 bis 3. Eine ungenaue Kenntnis des Untergrunds oder die verwendete vereinfachte Darstellung der Geschwindigkeitsverhältnisse im Untergrund (notwendig um die synthetischen Rechnungen durchführen zu können) führen zu anisotropen Abweichungen und Fehlern in der Herdtiefe von bis zu 10%. Diese können die Interpretationen des Untergrunds deutlich verfälschen. Ein “calibration shot” kann diese Fehler korrigieren. Leider können die Fehler für die Herdflächenlösungen nicht in derselben Weise korrigiert werden. Es erscheint daher als keine gute Idee, ein Reservoir nur über die Lokalisierung von Erdbeben zu bestimmen. Eine Kombination mehrerer seismischer Methoden scheint angezeigt. Die hier besprochene Methode kann als Grundlage dienen für die Erkundung anderer (geothermischer)
Volant, Philippe. "Mécanisme des déformations et aspect fractal de la sismicité induite par l'exploitation d'un gisement d'hydrocarbures (Lacq, France)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745639.
Full textDelpech, Pierre Yves. "Rifting jurassique sur la bordure occidentale du Dôme de Barrot (Alpes occidentales françaises) : évolution géodynamique d'un secteur de la marge nord-téthysienne." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800216.
Full textBesnard, Marc. "Sismotectonique de l'arc égéen : résultats d'une campagne de microsismicité." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756685.
Full textDubos, Noalwenn. "Contribution à l'évaluation du risque sismique dans les Pyrénées centrales." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30177.
Full textVallée, Martin. "Caractérisation de la source sismique : depuis les études globales jusqu'aux analyses détaillées du processus de rupture." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00710883.
Full textAmorese, Daniel. "Sismotectonique et déformation actuelle de la terminaison nord-occidentale de l'arc égéen (Iles ioniennes, Acarnanie, Epire, Grèce)." Phd thesis, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709569.
Full textKementzetzidou, Despina. "Etude sismotectonique du système Thessalie-îles Sporades ( Grèce centrale)." Phd thesis, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691240.
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