Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mécanismes de déformation'
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Bouziri-Adrouche, Soumia. "Etudes des mécanismes de déformation des argiles surconsolidées." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1059.
Full textChicois, Jean. "Etude des mécanismes microscopiques de la déformation cyclique." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0008.
Full textLehmann, Jérémie. "Mécanismes de déformation dans les systèmes d’accrétion Paléozoïque." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/LEHMANN_Jeremie_2009.pdf.
Full textLithostratigraphic, geochronological and structural constraints leading to a revised model of the geodynamic evolution of the CAOB in SW Mongolia. This model implies a westward drift of the Tuva-Mongol-Dzabkhan ribbon continent during the Silurian-Devonian, associated with a westward-subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and a sequentional growth of magmatic arcs. Permian-Jurassic N-S convergence leads to the anticlockwise rotation and folding of the continental ribbon, combined with strike-slip (transpressional) reactivation of ancient transform boundaries of the Paleoasian Ocean. The studied area was intensely deformed during this convergence in a style controlled by the crustal rheology and a heterogeneous Permian magmatic-thermal input. Structural and AMS records of granitoids emplaced during growth of a continental gneiss dome (Orlica-Snieznik dome, Sudetes). East of the dome, magmas show a strong mechanical coupling with the hangingwall and are structurally decoupled with respect to the buttress of the footwall. Structural geology and AMS show that the magma was firstly injected parallel to the horizontal anisotropy of the buttress leading to the collapse of rock structures and development of a major transpressional shear zone along which the major magma emplaced. In contrast, the southern margin of the dome reveals that magmas intruded a vertical fabric in dome suprastructure and develop here a normal shear zone. The variations of AMS and quartz fabrics are attributed to the overprint of an original steep magmatic fabric by a continuous normal shearing. We discuss the variations in stress regimes related to the sill emplacement and to the growth of the gneiss dome
Legros, Marc. "Etude par déformation "in situ" des mécanismes de déformation de Ti3Al et Ti-24Al-9Nb." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30169.
Full textGapais, Denis. "Les Orthogneiss : Structures, mécanismes de déformation et analyse cinématique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648605.
Full textChapuis, Adrien. "Étude des mécanismes contrôlant la déformation du magnésium à chaud." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00611616.
Full textSassi, Khalida. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de déformation des pentes instables." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0079.
Full textThis research work is devoted to the study of movements in unstable slopes and in slopes reinforced with piles. The report is divided into two parts: -The first part analyses the inclinometric measurements taken at fifteen landslide sites. A synthetic description of each site is presented. The analysis classifies typical forms of horizontal deformations patterns and describes a number of schemes for the change of these forms. The effect of the form of movements on the behaviour of pile reinforcing a slope was then analyzed, calculations are made with a program based on the modulus of subgrade reaction method: PILATE-LCPC. -The second part of the report presents several numerical analysis of ground displacements at failure in unstable slopes and in slopes reinforced with piles. These calculations were performed using the finite element code CESAR-LCPC: subroutine LIMI, based on a regularized kinematic approach of the limit analysis theory. The program procedures were first tested through several applications to sloped ground configurations. The regularized kinematic method was then applied to the study of a slope reinforced with a row of rigid piles. Three dimensional analyses were performed in order to study the effect of pile spacing on the failure mechanisms. Finally the method was used to analyze Sallèdes experimental embankment "A". Undrained and drained, three and two dimensional analyses were made. Numerical results were compared to field measurements
Balcaen, Yannick. "Étude des mécanismes de déformation du titane T40 en formage incrémental." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2140/.
Full textThe single point Incremental Forming (SPIF) process is an emerging method of sheet metal forming. Unlike to conventional processes which are usually expensive due to tooling and equipment, SPIF involves a small punch with regard to the dimensions of the part and the forming is achieved by piloting the trajectory of the punch. The main obstacle in the development of this technology lies in the difficulty of obtaining precise geometries. The objective of this work is to bring a better understanding of the process, by an original dual experimental approach that aims to link the forming of the part by FI with the microstructural response of the material, here a pure titanium T40. The mechanical and kinematic approach of the process is based on one hand on the measurement of kinematic fields using digital image correlation on the parts surface, and on the other hand on the measurement of the forming forces throughout the forming. Various global strain states of the formed part and local strain state induced by the punch have then been highlighted. Besides, development of strain in the material and forming forces have been linked to several forming parameters. Microstructural analysis of strained sheets were performed using scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (SEM-TEM and X-rays diffraction (XRD). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization of microstructures highlighted twinning as an accommodation of the process generated strain, the activated twinning systems and their occurrence depending on the strain orientation and level. Observation of the dislocations arrangements in TEM allowed revealing another microstructural signature of the IF on T40
Balcaen, Yannick. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation du titane T40 en formage incrémental." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934317.
Full textFarenc, Sylvie. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation du titane et de l'alliage TiA1." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30052.
Full textRandrianarivony, Hasina. "Mécanismes de déformation plastique (cyclique et monotone) de l'Inconel X-750." Grenoble INPG, 1992. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01775205.
Full textGuitton, Antoine. "Mécanismes de déformation des phases MAX : une approche expérimentale multi-échelle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2280/document.
Full textIt is commonly believed that plastic deformation mechanisms of MAX phases consistin basal dislocation glide, thus forming pile-ups and walls. The latter can form local disorientationareas, known as kink bands. Nevertheless, the elementary mechanisms and the exact role ofmicrostructural defects are not fully understood yet. This thesis report presents a multi-scale experimentalstudy of deformation mechanisms of the Ti2AlN MAX phase. At the macroscopic scale,two kinds of experiments were performed. In-situ compression tests at room temperature coupledwith neutron diffraction brought new insight into the deformation behavior of the different grainfamilies in the polycrystalline Ti2AlN. Compression tests from the room temperature to 900 °Cunder confining pressure were also performed. At the mesoscopic scale, deformed surface microstructureswere observed by SEM and AFM. These observations associated with nanoindentationtests showed that grain shape and orientation relative to the stress direction control formationof intra- and inter- granular strains and plasticity localization. Finally, at the microscopic scale,a detailed dislocation study of samples deformed under confining pressure revealed the presenceof dislocation configurations never observed before in MAX phases, such as dislocation reactions,dislocation dipoles and out-of-basal plane dislocations. In the light of these new results, mechanicalproperties of MAX phases are discussed
Delon-Martin, Chantal. "Superplasticité d'un alliage aluminium-magnésium : mécanismes de déformation et comportement à l'endommagement." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0158.
Full textStaniek, Éric. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation du polypropylène dans un complexe métal-polymère." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10109.
Full textDonnay, Martin. "Étude des mécanismes de déformation de membranes polymères poreuses pour applications biomédicales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0228.
Full textThe "bioartificial pancreas" (named MAILPAN for Macro-encapsulation d’ILots PANcréatiques) developed by the startup company Defymed is an implantable device for patients diagnosed with type I diabetes. The core element of the device is a porous membrane providing molecular selectivity. The emergence of cracking in this membrane would lead to the loss of its selective properties. As a consequence, it is crucial to study and understand the mechanical behavior of this material in order to ensure its integrity during the lifetime of the device. This thesis is a part of the FUI MECABARP project, gathering together SMEs and laboratories from the Lorraine and Alsace regions. The membrane is a unique material obtained by laminating several porous polymer materials. It is made of porous “track-etched” films as well as thermal-spot bonded nonwovens. The objective is to study its deformation mechanisms using time-resolved imaging and characterization techniques during a tensile test. X-ray micro-tomography and wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed on high energy beamlines. These results were supplemented with time-resolved scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy experiments during a tensile test. The synergy of the chosen techniques enables a multi-scale approach (from millimeter to angström) in order to obtain the most comprehensive analysis. Solutions are suggested to improve the mechanical properties of the membrane. Besides, a mechanical testing device by inflation (“bulge test”) has been designed to provide an equibiaxial mechanical path that is closer to the actual demands
Varenne, Chloé. "Etude d'un alliage de titane β "transformable par déformation" : lien entre propriétés mécaniques, microstructures de déformation et mécanismes de rupture." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM030.
Full textIn order to tackle the lack of ductility and work-hardening of titanium alloys, a new family is being developed, namely, strain-transformable β titanium alloys. The deformation mechanisms involve transformation induced plasticity (TRIP effect) and twinning induced plasticity (TWIP effect). They have been widely studied over the last ten years. On the otherhand, the understanding of fracture mechanisms of TRIP/TWIP titanium alloys still remains poorly documented although this is a key to improve the development of these alloys. Therefore, this project is an in-depth study of the mechanical behavior of a Ti-8.5Cr-1.5Sn β TWIP alloy, under various loading conditions. The coarse microstructure of the alloy was used to investigate deformation and fracture on a grain-by-grain basis. First, a methodology for the systematic study of this family of alloys has been developed. We selected the most relevant tests for a complete study of the mechanical behavior of a TRIP/TWIP alloy by investigating heat treatment conditions (quenching thickness) and mechanical testing conditions (specimen geometry, loading mode). Then,this methodology was validated on the Ti-8.5Cr-1.5Sn alloy first at room temperature, then at subzero temperatures, in order to get closer to the Ms point. The mechanical behavior was evaluated under a wide range of conditions giving access to tensile strength, impact toughness, and fracture toughness. The respective contributions of crack initiation and crack propagation were determined. A multi-scale correlation (optical, SEM, TEM) highlighted fracture by localized plastic flow, without damage development, strongly correlated with the plastic deformation mechanisms and independent of variations in strain rate and stress triaxiality. At subzero temperatures, the absence of ductile-to-brittle transition was demonstrated on the failure mechanisms, as was thepreservation of the phenomenology observed at room temperature (no triggered TRIP effect). Low energy fracture encountered at lower temperatures still involved a ductile dimple mechanism. It remained governed by localized plastic flow, which is triggered all the earlier the lower the test temperature. This new and comprehensive study has improved the understanding of fracture mechanisms of a TRIP/TWIP alloy and provides a solid database for further studies of this family of alloys
Bouton, Rochelle Claudine. "Étude des mécanismes de déformation plastique dans des mélanges de poly(méthacrylate de méthyle)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL101N.
Full textBari, Hassan El. "Etude des mécanismes de la déformation plastique en cisaillement simple des polymères vitreux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10288.
Full textNicotra-Barbe, Angela-Maria. "Transformations de phases et mécanismes de déformation dans les alliages de titane bêta." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Nicotra_Barbe.Angela.M.SMZ9647.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this Phd was to design a Ti-bêta alloy that would have a good Y. S/ductility balance. The mechanical properties of these alloys depend on their deformation mechanisms (glide system, twinning, stress induced phase transformation) and the parameters to be controled are the chemical composition and the grain size metastable alloys that deform essentially by twinning show low yield strength and large elongation. On the contrary, stable alloys deform by gliding and are characterised by higher Y. S. And smaller elongation. The ideal alloy should therefore start deformation by glide and later in the deformation, activate twinning. For two specific chemical compositions, Ti-20V and Ti-20V-5Al, we have carried out thermomechanical heat-treatments to obtain different grain sizes. The influence of the microstructure on the deformation mechanisms has been studied. During plastic deformation, the Ti-20V alloy deforms by 332 <113> twinning. In addition, stress induced [omega] s transformation and 110 <111> glide are also involved in the deformation. Twinning is always activated first, except when the grain size lower than 40[mu]m. In this case, its contribution to the deformation is limited. Twinning occurs more easily for sufficiently large grain sizes and high deformations rates. Modeling of the texture evolution during rolling allowed us to verify these observations through the analysis of the main texture componenets. The presence of these components can be associated to 110 <111> glide. For the Ti-20V-5Al loaded in a static deformation mode, only glide was activated. During the first percentage of strain, only one glide system is actived. Using a plasticity model, we have shown that the main texture components were associated with 112 <111> glide. Comparison of the various alloys has allowed to select the optimum alloys as well as its optimum microstructure for improving mechanical properties. The reasons of this choice have been discussed in the light of our experimental results
Omri, M'Barek. "Étude des mécanismes de déformation plastique dans le composé III-V GaSb monocristallin." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10313.
Full textZhu, Kangying. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation et de recristallisation dans un alliage de zirconium." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132021.
Full textFiolleau, Sylvain. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation d'un glissement-coulée par une approche multi-méthodes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU025.
Full textGround movements affecting clay materials constitute a major risk to infrastructure and populations, with sudden episodes of reactivation that can lead to rapid movements (flow type). This thesis work is interested in understanding the different mechanisms of reactivation and deformation in a landslide of this type, by studying mass transfers in a material with a solid behavior at the top of the landslide and a fluid behavior at the toe. The study site is the Harmalière landslide (Trièves, French Alps), consisting of glaciolacustrine clays. Since the major event of March 1981 which took away 45 ha, this landslide has undergone numerous retrogression episodes with an average rate of 4 m/year at the headscarp and mass transfers of several million m3. The study was based on a multi-method approach, combining remote sensing (satellite images, LiDAR, GNSS, UAV), geophysical and mechanical techniques. In a first part, an analysis of the various recent events (from 2016) made it possible to describe and quantify the various mass transfers during reactivations. In a second part, a more detailed study of the reactivations at the head of the landslide was carried out. First, a study of the seismic background noise recorded continuously during the 4 months preceding the rupture of a clay blockat the headscarp was carried out. Five seismic parameters were monitored (cumulative number of events, seismic energy, resonance frequency, Rayleigh wave velocity variations and associated correlation coefficient). All these parameters showed a precursor signal prior to the rupture. Then, a preliminary study focuses on the evolution of the mechanical properties of a low mechanical strength layer close to the headscarp. In a third part, the degradation mechanisms of the material leading to flow type behavior were explored using a mechanical approach and UAV imaging. The mechanical approach allowed to study the evolution of the geotechnical properties of the clayey material in the landslide. UAV imaging was used to follow the evolution of the clay blocks at the head of the landslide and to quantify the degradation rate of the material
Duchaussoy, Amandine. "Déformation intense d'alliages d'aluminium à durcissement structural : mécanismes de précipitation et comportement mécanique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR135.
Full textThe combination of two mechanisms to increase mechanical strength, namely precipitation and grain size reduction, has been explored in this thesis in the aim of increasing the properties of age hardenable aluminum alloy from the 7### series.Manufacturing by severe plastic deformation makes it possible to obtain nanostructured alloys with high density of grain boundaries, which allows increasing the yield strength according to the Hall-Petch law. However, the high density of defects (dislocations, vacancies, grain boundaries ...) and the internal stresses generated by this deformation results in inherently unstable nanostructures when precipitation heat treatment is performed. These nanostructures experience rapid grain growth and drastic changes in precipitation mechanisms (heterogeneous precipitation, accelerated kinetics).In this work we have studied nanostructures obtained by severe plastic deformation using HPT and HPS (High pressure torsion / sliding) on a model alloy, Al-2% Fe and a commercial alloy AA7449 enriched with iron. The strategy was to stabilize the ultra-fine grain structure by intermetallic iron-rich nanoparticles (Zener pinning) to allow homogeneous precipitation hardening and thus combine the two mechanisms to increase the yield strength. In this context, we have particularly investigated: 1) the influence of solutes on the physical mechanisms leading to dynamic recrystallization nanostructuring; 2) specific mechanisms involved in co-deforming phases with very different mechanical behaviors; 3) the phase transformations that may lead either to the formation of a supersaturated solid solution or, on the contrary, to the decomposition of a solid solution by deformation-induced precipitation; 4) the relationship between the nanostructures thus generated, their thermal stability and related mechanical properties.The observation of the microstructures and understanding of the mechanisms induced by the deformation and relations with the mechanical behavior has been undertaken with many techniques: scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), ASTAR (orientation mapping by TEM), and atom probe tomography. The study of precipitation was carried out by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), SAXS (small angle X-ray scattering) and in-situ TEM. Finally, the relationship with the mechanical behavior has been established on the basis of tensile tests and micro-hardness measurements
Gaume, Marine. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation des alliages de zirconium après et sous irradiation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30220/document.
Full textIn Pressurized Water Reactors, the neutron flux leads to a change in the mechanical properties of the fuel cladding tubes made of zirconium alloys. Although their macroscopic behavior is well known, the microscopic deformation mechanisms of zirconium alloys still need to be characterized. In order to simulate the neutron irradiation, charged particles irradiations (ion and electron) were carried out at 400°C and 450°C on a zirconium alloy: RXA Zircaloy-4. The experimental analysis of the irradiated microstructure, performed by using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), have shown some crystalline defects: dislocation loops with a Burgers vector. Their evolution (size and density) and their characteristics (nature and habit plane) have been determined and discussed based on the point defects diffusion. The results suggest a weak anisotropy in the self-interstitial diffusion. In-situ tensile tests were performed using a TEM, after ion irradiation, in order to activate the dislocation glide and to observe their interaction with the loops. Some of the experimental cases of interaction have been simulate using Dislocation Dynamics for a better understanding of the mechanisms. The simultaneous effect of the stress and of the irradiation on the deformation mechanisms have been then studied. In-situ electron and ion irradiations were conducted, with and without an applied stress. Deformation mechanisms involving dislocation climb have thus been demonstrated. Through this study, models based on the identified mechanisms may be suggested, in order to predict the behavior of zirconium alloys in the reactor
Gourdet, Sophie. "Étude des mécanismes de recristallisation au cours de la déformation a chaud de l'aluminium." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783855.
Full textAkhadkar, Narendra. "Modélisation numérique des mécanismes. Influence des jeux, de la déformation et des impacts multiples." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI006.
Full textDynamic simulation of multibody systems with unilateral contact and friction plays an important role in a wide range of industrial applications. It has become an integral part of new product development, verification/optimization of the design and to enhance the old products.This work is a part of collaboration between the BiPoP research team of INRIA Grenoble and the Schneider Electric company.The main goal of this thesis is to understand the influence of clearances in the revolute joints on the overall behaviour of the linkage mechanisms and specifically on the C-60 miniature circuit breaker where human safety must be guaranteed.In other words, the objective is to address the robustness of the C-60 breaker with respect to the production tolerances, which areexpressed in the form of dimensional and geometrical variations on the parts. These variations are the source of clearance in the joints of the mechanism.The radial clearance in the revolute joints is a source of variability in the initial conditions of the system and also the degradation of the system's performance. The degradation of the system isalways in the form of vibration, noise, very high reaction forces at the joints.The aim is to study the influence of initial conditions and the out-of-plane motion, so the polarization effect in three dimensional case.Another objective is to develop the time efficient virtual test bench to reproduce the measurements of real test bench in the laboratory using the open-source simulation software SICONOS which is based on the NonSmooth Contact Dynamic method (NSCD) introduced by J.J. Moreau and M. Jean.The NSCD scheme is proven to be a quite efficient numerical method, capable of handling complementarity conditions, as well as impacts and set-valued friction laws.The goal is to understand what is the most appropriate geometricdescription which allows to simulate very small clearances.The complete study is divided in two main sections.The progress through these partsgoes from the planar to the spatial case, the complexity follows the same advance.In the planar case, a four-bar mechanism with joint clearance, when one joint is actuated by collocated open-loop or state feedback controllers (PD, statefeedback linearization, passivity-based) is analysed. The focus is put on how much the performancedeteriorates when clearances are added in the joints. It is shown that collocated feedback controllersbehave in a robust way.In the spatial case, the C-60 mechanism is analysed precisely to explore the possibilities to relax the manufacturing tolerances on the parts withoutany compromise on either performance or the human safelyThe influence of the input, model and numerical uncertainties on the C-60 model is studied. The joint-wise influences of the clearance and coefficient of friction on theproduct performance are studied.To validate the simulation model, experiments are carried-out on the prototype samples and the results are compared with the simulations.We found quite good correlation between the virtual and experimental results.A statistical analysis~(worst-case and Monte Carlo simulation) has been carried out to find out the dispersion of the functional conditions.In addition to dimensional variations, the geometrical variations such as form, orientation and position tolerances are also analyzed.This research work shall help the designers to simulate the real time behaviour of the mechanical systems with the imperfect revolutejoint from the pre-design stage till the end of the design, to have good improvement on schedule and budget
Cavinato, Cristina. "Caractérisation des micro-mécanismes de déformation et de rupture de la paroi d’anévrisme aortique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM003.
Full textThe wall of the ascending thoracic aorta retains a complex heterogeneous microstructural organization which can be subjected to aneurysms, irreversible dilatations associated with degenerative remodeling processes of the microstructure. The latter results in an altered mechanical behavior of such key tissue whose utmost consequences are rupture or dissection.The following hypothesis is addressed: the phenomena which occur at the microscopic fibrous structure of collagen and elastin are involved or even responsible for the macroscopic mechanical response of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms, in particular when close to rupture. Towards an improved understanding of the structure-to-mechanics relationship, an experimental methodology enabled the consistent coupling of several test benches: a mechanical inflation test, an optical device for high resolution measurements of the specimen thickness, a image correlation set-up for full-field displacement measurements and a two-photon microscopy bench. Patient-specific analyses were conducted on ex-vivo specimens of animal and human thoracic aortae, in particular human ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms, up to rupture. The analyses focus on the relationship between local mechanical state and microstructural morphology of the principal fibrous components of the outer aortic layer, usually seen as ultimate resistive barrier before rupture. The connection between these data and fundamental information inherent to clinics or morphometry are analyzed. The resulting contribution consists of advanced observations of the fibrous recruitment and reactions to the loading scenario and quantitative links with mechanics and clinics
Bocquet, Romain. "Etude des mécanismes d’adhésion et de déformation à l’origine du frottement de surfaces textiles." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH4391/document.
Full textThis work is to study the mechanisms occurring during friction of hairy textile surfaces, especially in terms of human touch. The final aim is to offer a method for designing textile surfaces with the required touch. The first step was to establish a model of friction, and then to validate it by means of a tribometer developed in the laboratory and then apply it to industrial textile surfaces. We have shown that the tangential force in front of the slider is proportional to the width of this one and has essentially a mechanical origin, while the friction under the slider is proportional to the contact area between the slider and the textile surface and is of a mechanical nature (surface deformation) and adhesive. We could then determine and define the friction stress in front and under the slider, characteristic of the textile fabric used for a fixed normal load. The dependence of the frictional force to the sliding velocity was highlighted. A study on the friction of model hairy macro-surfaces was performed to explain this viscosity. Similar tests to those of the friction study on real surfaces were performed. By varying the kinematic parameters of the test and the physico-chemical properties of the fibers, we were able to determine that the origin of the viscosity observed on real textile surfaces mainly comes from inter-fiber friction with physicochemical origin
Gourdet, Sophie. "Étude des mécanismes de recristallisation au cours de la déformation à chaud de l'aluminium." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG4206.
Full textLeroy, Marie. "Mécanismes de déformation post-rifting des marges passives : Exemple des marges péri-atlantiques et modélisation." Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008495.
Full textLEROY, Marie. "Mécanismes de déformation post-rifting des marges passives. Exemple des marges péri-atlantiques et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008495.
Full textBourcier, Mathieu. "Étude multi-échelle des mécanismes de déformation ductile de polycristaux synthétiques de chlorure de sodium." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841209.
Full textSerghat, Mohamed. "Etude du laminage à froid d'alliages de titane : mécanismes de déformation et évolutions de texture." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Serghat.Mohamed.A.SMZ9469.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to understand the deformation mechanisms for the study and the modelisation of cold rolling textures of titanium alloys. In this study, we use the Taylor model to simulate cold rolling textures. Modelling requires a good knoledge of metallurgical parameters leading to the texture evolution during deformation. We thus studied the evolution of the grain morphology and the twinned volume fraction with rolling. We have also determined the different deformation modes, either by TEM, or by individual orientation measurements (EBSD) for determining the type of the twins. The Taylor model is used in its two versions, the Full Constrained, respectively Relaxed Constrained Version. The use of the one or the other of these two versions relies on the knowledge of the grains' morphology. The modelled textures are in good agreement with the experimental ones. A comparison with the results of other models seems to be in favour of the Taylor model including the Monte Carlo scheme to account for twinning. This model, in addition to the good simulations also allows the description of the twinned volume fraction, what is not the case for other models
Collet, Jean-Louis. "Les mécanismes de déformation d'un acier TWIP FeMnC : une étude par diffraction des rayons X." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0018.
Full textThe deformation mechanisms of austenitic Fe22Mn0. 6C TWIP steels have been investigated using a quantitative X-ray diffraction peak profile analysis. The dislocation densities and the stacking fault probabilities have been determined using the Wilkens model and the Warren theory respectively. This approach of peak profile analysis has been modified in order to take into account the effect of dislocation pile-ups due to the planar glide of dislocations that occurs in such low stacking fault energy FCC metals. The quantitative analysis of the average strain field at the head of dislocation pile-ups has demonstrated that the strong back-stress effect, in these materials, is directly linked to it. The results of this method have been confirmed by automatic indexing of electron diffraction patterns and by dislocation densities of the literature measured with physical density variation. This method has also been applied successfully on a model copper single crystal. We have confirmed that the deformation mechanisms of Fe22Mn0. 6C steels shift from the formation of martensite at very low temperature, to twinning around room temperature and dislocation glide at higher temperatures. The developed quantitative analysis has also been applied on recovered Fe22Mn0. 6C TWIP steels. The comparison of measured dislocation densities and back-stress with the flow stress evolution during thermal treatment clearly demonstrate that the hardening due to twinning is not equivalent to the back-stress
Collet, Jean-Louis. "Les mécanismes de déformation d'un acier TWIP FeMnC : une étude par diffraction des rayons X." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376431.
Full textLes résultats de cette méthode ont été confirmés à l'aide de l'indexation automatique de clichés de diffraction en microscopie électronique et de densités de dislocations mesurées par variation de la masse volumique issues de la littérature. Cette méthode a également été appliquée avec succès sur un échantillon standard, en l'occurrence un monocristal de cuivre.
Nous avons confirmé que les mécanismes de déformation des aciers Fe22Mn0.6C, basés principalement sur la formation de martensite à très basse température, laissent place à un maclage intense à température ambiante puis au seul glissement des dislocations à haute température. L'analyse quantitative que nous avons développée a été également appliquée à des aciers TWIP Fe22Mn0.6C restaurés. La comparaison des mesures de densités de dislocations et du back-stress avec l'évolution de la contrainte d'écoulement durant le traitement thermique démontre clairement que le durcissement induit par le maclage n'est pas identifiable au back-stress.
Chattoraj, Joyjit. "Effet d'une faible température sur les mécanismes élémentaires de la déformation plastique dans les matériaux amorphes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00664392.
Full textGaye, Ababacar. "Analyse multiéchelle des mécanismes de déformation du sel gemme par mesures de champs surfaciques et volumiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1053/document.
Full textWe develop in this study new experimental methodologies for the multi-scale experimental investigation of the micromechanics of polycrystalline materials. These methodologies are applied to synthetic halite (NaCl), which is a convenient model polycristal due to its viscoplastic behavior at both ambient and high temperatures (350°C). In addition, halite is used for industrial applications such as underground energy and waste storage. The ductile deformation at the scale of the microstructure operates not only through conventional intra-granular plasticity, but also through inter-granular deformation mechanisms, such as grain-boundary sliding (GBS). First, we precisely quantify the relative contribution of each of these local mechanisms to the macroscopic deformation of halite. For this purpose, we apply digital image correlation (DIC) technique to high resolution images obtained during uniaxial compression tests in the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The DIC algorithms have been modified to account for the discontinuous kinematics at grain boundries. We also propose a method to improve accuracy of GBS quantification, which consists in creating specific artificial patterns across grain-boundaries by electron beam lithography. The results show that GBS is present from the beginning of plastic deformation of the polycrystal. The 2D observations (using SEM) are complemented by 3D volume investigations using X-ray computed microtomography and Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) techniques. In order to obtain local volume markers differing in contrast (density) from NaCl and adapted to DVC, micrometric copper particles (3 % in volume) are dispersed into the material during its elaboration. Various microstructures (in terms of average grain size) are considered. New DVC protocols allow us to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of ductile deformation at the scale of the polycrystalline microstructure, with a spatial resolution finer than the average grain size. 3D and 2D local mechanical fields are compared on the same samples submitted to uniaxial compression. The strain patterns and the deformation mechanisms observed in depth of the sample are consistent with those identified by 2D observations. The results show the same organization and development of strain localization bands in relation with the loading conditions and microstructure, both at the surface and in volume. The importance of inter-granular mechanisms for the plastic deformation and diffuse damage of halite is also confirmed in 3D. Finally, in view of a further numerical model of the plasticity of the polycrystal, the three-dimensional polycrystalline microstructure is characterized by diffraction contrast tomography and compared to 2D measurements obtained by electron BackScattered diffraction
Androussi, Yidir. "Mécanismes de déformation plastique de l'Arséniure de Gallium sous très forte contrainte et à température ambiante." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL1A001.
Full textThurel, Elina. "Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission des mécanismes de déformation de la wadsleyite et de la ringwoodite." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-111-112.pdf.
Full textGasc-Barbier, Muriel. "Étude des mécanismes de déformation de roches argileuses profondes : apport de la microstructure et des analyses pétrophysiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066151.
Full textGerber, Philippe. "Etude des liens entre hétérogénéités de déformation et mécanismes de recristallisation. Application au cuivre et ses alliages." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132027.
Full textThe study of the relation between deformed inhomogeneities and static recrystallization is done in copper and -brass in cooper, a critic value of deformation (cold rolling to =90 %) is obtained from the bulk texture analysis. Below this value, the recrystallization texture {100}<001>is obtained. In x-brass, the deformation texture is even more complicated due to the deformation twinning mechanisms, which conducted to a weaker texture. The comparison of the experimental measurements in copper for two levels of reduction ( =70 % and =90 %) is done in order to understand the influence of the deformed state on recrystallization. Stored energy measurements show that minimum difference is needed between the C {112}<111>and/or S {123}<634>and the Cube orientations to produce the Cube texture. For both materials, a recovery of the Cube grains is observed. From EBSD measurements in copper =70 %, intergranular nucleation takes place in highly deformed regions, which conducts to a dispersed texture. In copper =90 %, this nucleation is not the main mechanism. Indeed, after recovery inside Cube/G {011}<100> transition bands, a fast process of nucleation and growth of the Cube orientation is observed. This corresponds to the oriented nucleation and growth hypothesis. In copper, Monte-Carlo simulation is used in order to explain the recrystallization texture after cold rolling to =70%. The experimental recrystallization texture is difficult to obtain, and this can be due to the annealing twinning active nucleation and growth steps
Tournadre, Léa. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de déformation par croissance libre sous irradiation des alliages de zirconium." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LAROS390.
Full textThe aim of this PhD work is to have a better understanding of axial elongation of the PWR fuel assemblies manufactured in zirconium alloys (Zy-4 or M5). More specifically, we focused on the growth acceleration of these assemblies, clearly correlated to the nucleation of specific irradiation defects: the c-loops. Irradiations by charged particles were performed in order to reproduce the microstructure evolution and to study its representativeness. Thus, primary damage morphology has no impact on the c-loop microstructures where as the damage creation rate (like the temperature) seems to play a major role. Moreover, the nucleation dose for c-loops appears clearly correlated to the nuclei and vacancy clusters growth kinetics. This kinetics could be influenced by the damage creation rate, the alloying elements, but also by an applied stress or the hydrogen content (which can be introduced during oxidation in reactor). Thus, this work has explored the effect of an applied stress (in the elasticity or plasticity domain) and the impact of the hydrogen pick-up on the nucleation and growth of c-loops. In accordance with the SIPA mechanism described in the literature, we observed an effect of the applied stress on the c-loop microstructures. Moreover, this study clearly shows an impact of hydrogen in solid solution and as precipitated hydrides on the nucleation and growth of c-loops
Larrouy, Baptiste. "Mécanismes de déformation et d'amorçage de fissures dans l'alliage Udimet™ 720Li en relation avec les paramètres microstructuraux." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0019/document.
Full textThis study contributes to the understanding of the deformation and damage mechanisms in a Nickelbasedsuperalloy (the Udimet 720Li) used for the manufacturing of aeroengines high pressure turbinedisks submitted to monotonic and cyclic loadings at temperatures below 500 °C under service conditions.Fatigue crack initiation at 20 °C and 465 °C was systematically observed at large crystallographic facetswhatever the microstructure. An extensive quantitative study of the slip activity at the surface showed thatcrack initiation results from a difficult slip transmission between neighbouring grains. In more details, alocalized crystallographic rotation confined in micro-volumes detected at the tip of slip bands interactingwith the grain boundary were identified to trigger crack initiation.The crystallographic configurations favouring such a process are closely related to the TWIST anglebetween active slip systems on each side of the grain boundary and to a dense and fine precipitationconfining the plasticity.Mots-clés
Sadat, Tarik. "Alliages Ni-W : de la mise en oeuvre par frittage flash aux micro-mécanismes de déformation et d'endommagement." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD083.
Full textAs part of this thesis project, innovative “composites” microstructures Ni-W composed by clusters of multi crystallized (ultra fine grain) W embedded in a matrix of a cfc Ni(W) solid solution were elaborated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Several alloys were processed by controlling precisely the respective volume fractions of the two elements Ni and W. In addition, Ni is a particularly ductile material unlike the more resistant W. So, it may give to the material a good compromise between ductility and mechanical resistance. Thus, by adjusting the respective fractions of Ni and/or W, we obtained in the same material the specific deformation micro-mechanisms of each phase, the characteristics and evolutions of those deformations were after analyzed during conventional mechanical stresses or under in situ Synchrotron. Thus, we have highlighted the role of each phase constituting the microstructure regarding the macroscopic behavior. It is clearly shown that the proportion and spatial distribution of the W phase are key factors on the overall brittleness as well as on the load transfer between the phases. Concerning the ductile phase, we underscored deformations of unusual amplitude, which are connected to the high initial density of ∑3 boundary grains, which then decreases sharply under mechanical stress
Samet-Meziou, Amel. "Etude des mécanismes de recristallisation dans un acier IF-Ti après faible déformation par laminage ou par traction." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112010.
Full textThis work permit to establish a relation between the substructures of deformation of an IF-Ti deformed by rolling (40%) or tensile strain (35%) and the recrystallization mechanisms. With this intention, the substructure of deformation was characterized by transmission electronic microscopy for the three principals components of the deformation texture: the {111}<112> orientation of the fiber and the {111}<110> and {001}<110> orientations of the fiber. Two types of substructures were observed: lamellar bands for the {111}<112> grains and equiaxed cells for the grains of the fiber. This characterization of the deformed state was completed by an estimation of the stored energy using various approaches (neutrons diffraction, EBSD, TEM) and showed the following hierarchy: E{111}<112 > > E{111}<110 > E{001}<110 >. The first stage of annealing is characterized by recovery. This process is assumed by: refinement of the walls of cells, the vanishing of dislocations inside the cells, the coalescence and growth of the cells. The cellular substructure is most favourable to the growth. For the two observed substructures, a sufficient size is necessary to ensure the formation of a viable nucleus. The formation of recrystallized grains is ensured by two mechanisms: generalized recovery mainly observed for the substructure of lamellar bands and the "Bulging" specific to the équiaxes substructures
Crépin, Jérôme. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation et d'endommagement du zirconium grade 702 traité beta : application aux cordons de soudure." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0015.
Full textFarbaniec, Lukasz. "Mécanismes de déformation et résistance à la rupture des polycristaux à grains ultra-fins : études expérimentales et numériques." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_farbaniec.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to provide insights of two fundamental topics regarding the deformation and failure mechanisms of ultrafine-grained face-centered cubic metals. The first topic considers the mechanisms of plastic deformation as a desired grain fragmentation process in order to achieve a significant refinement of structural elements. For this purpose, the so-called Dynamic Plastic Deformation technique is used to cause the grain refinement of polycrystalline nickel. Subsequently, a Fast Fourier Transform numerical procedure is applied to the microstructure after deformation, and the results are compared with the experiments. The second topic deals with the effect of the stress state on ductile toughness along with identification of the mechanisms leading to tensile failure. To this end, a small-scale experimental and numerical modelling techniques are developed and implemented to predict fracture behaviour of polycrystalline nickel and steel. Consequently, the obtained results are used to formulate a criterion applied to the crack tip situation. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data to validate the procedure and estimate fracture toughness of the investigated material
Vultos, Winnie. "Influence de la microstructure sur les micromécanismes de déformation en fluage dans le superalliage AD730TM." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30166.
Full textThe study carried out during this thesis consists in analyzing the micromechanisms that control the creep deformation at 700 ° C, in the AD730(tm) superalloy developed by Aubert & Duval for the manufacture of turbine disks of the future turbojet engines for civil applications. The microstructure of the superalloy (size, distribution and chemical composition of the matrix and precipitates) has been characterized by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by chemical analysis techniques (EDX and EELS spectroscopies). Deformation micromechanisms were identified at TEM after creep tests at 700°C at 500 MPa, 600 MPa and 850 MPa for different microstructural states. The study of the microstructures showed that thermal treatments can modify the local chemical composition of the different phases: variation of the Cr content in the matrix g, germination of g phase in the primary precipitates and variation of the Ti content in the secondary precipitates. These chemical fluctuations modify the antiphase boundary energy and the stacking fault energy that control the dislocation propagation. The quantification of these parameters allowed us to interpret the macroscopic behavior of the superalloy. Whatever the applied stress and the microstructural state, the observed intragranular deformation mechanisms correspond to conventional mechanisms reported in the literature for polycrystalline superalloys. Our results were validated by evaluating the stress levels associated with these mechanisms. The increase in the creep deformation rate at 700°C in the case of the fine-grained microstructure (in comparison with the coarse-grained microstructure), could be attributed to the primary precipitates where plasticity grows and is emitted. The increase of the creep strain rate at 850 MPa could be associated with the role of the grain boundaries which initiates the emission of several slip systems. In conclusion, this work allowed us to identify the parameters at microscopic scale that control the creep behavior at 700°C in the analyzed superalloy
Ben, Hafsia Khaoula. "Identification des micro-mécanismes de déformation du PET amorphe et semi-cristallin in situ au cours d’un essai mécanique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0081/document.
Full textAccording to their formulations and forming processes and thanks to the complexity of their induced microstructure, thermoplastic polymers show a wide range of thermomechanical properties. However, the identification of the evolution of the microstructure of these materials during their use remains difficult. To better understand the microstructural changes occurring during thermomechanical loadings, various in situ and non-destructive techniques of characterization have been used. In this context, a Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) amorphous and semi-crystalline was studied in order to highlight the effect of the microstructure on the macroscopic properties of the material. This way, different coupling systems combining several experimental characterization techniques have been implemented such as Raman spectroscopy and X-rays diffraction/scattering coupled to the VidéoTraction™ system or Raman spectroscopy coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the characterization of the deformation micro-mechanisms and the thermal behavior of the material respectively. Monitoring specific vibrational bands thoroughly identified allowed the establishment of a new robust criterion which enables to accurately measure the crystallinity ratio of the material and the identification of the characteristic temperatures of its morphology (Tg, Tc, Tcc, Tm). In addition, a relaxational characterization system by coupling dynamic dielectric spectroscopy to a tensile test has been used in order to highlight the effect of molecular mobility on the elasto-visco-plastic deformation of PET. From a mechanical point of view, the main deformation micro-mechanisms have been studied in real time during a tensile test at different temperatures and constant true strain rates: macromolecular orientation, volume damage, development of mesophase and strain induced crystallization were observed and quantified in situ using the coupled characterization technics presented previously at Petra III (Hambourg) and Elettra (Trieste) synchrotrons. In parallel, a study of the molecular mobility (a determining parameter for the predominance of one deformation micromechanism to another) was conducted via relaxational analysis performed during the deformation of the material. In addition to in situ experiments, post mortem analysis by the previously mentioned technics and by X radiography, scanning electron microscopy and X tomography were performed to assess the influence of the mechanical relaxation of the polymer
Dutel, Guy Daniel. "Comportement mécanique et mécanismes de déformation et d'endommagement de polycristaux de nickel mono- et bi-modaux élaborés par SPS." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132027.
Full textUltra-fine grained materials present a high mechanical resistance, but a very weak ductility. The Powder Metallurgy is then used to conceive innovative microstructures and optimize their properties. In this work, nickel samples were developed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and/or by Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) from blends of nano- and micrometer-sized powders. The obtained microstructures are dense and mono- or bi-modal. The volume fractions of ultrafine grains (UFG<1μm) and micrometric grains (MC>1μm) were controlled. Having stabilized the average sizes of UFG grains and MC grains, it was shown that the mechanical properties in compression and in-situ tensile tests (synchrotron) depend essentially on the UFG/MC fraction. So, the elastic limit grows with the UFG fraction. On the contrary, the ductility increases with the MC fraction. The mechanical properties were improved by varying the UFG/MC fraction. The synchrotron analyses revealed a late élasto-plastic transition for bimodal samples. It was shown in agreement with the literature, that the deformation and damage mechanisms were generally: decrease of the density of twins and Σ3 boundaries (interaction with the partial dislocations), cracking in the UFG matrix (stopped by the MC grains), interfacial decohesion which we attributed to the deformation incompatibilities between UFG matrix UFG and MC grains. Besides, the high stresses at the head of the cracks were at the origin of the mechanical twining in some UFG grains