Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mechanic in a frontal collision

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanic in a frontal collision'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanic in a frontal collision"

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Wood, D. P., C. Glynn, and C. Simms. "Frontal collision behaviour: Comparison of onboard collision recorder data with car population characteristics." International Journal of Crashworthiness 10, no. 1 (January 2005): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2005.0326.

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Yao, Shuguang, Huifen Zhu, Mingyang Liu, Zhixiang Li, Ping Xu, and Quanwei Che. "A study on the frontal oblique collision-induced derailment mechanism in subway vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 6 (June 2, 2019): 584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719852478.

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Oblique collisions can more easily lead to train derailment and cause heavy casualties. In this paper, a fine finite-element model of a subway head vehicle–rigid wall frontal oblique collision was established and validated by a single wheelset derailment simulation. Furthermore, the derailment mechanisms and patterns under an oblique impact angle of 6.34°–40° and at an impact speed of 8–40 km/h were studied via simulation. The results indicated that three types of derailment, such as roll-over derailment, climb/roll-over derailment and wheel-lift derailment, have occurred. When the impact speed was set to 25 km/h, a climb/roll-over derailment occurred under the impact angle of greater than 40°; a roll-over derailment occurred under the impact angle of 20°–40°; and the vehicle would not derail when the impact angle was less than 15°. When the impact angle was 6.34°, the vehicle was in danger of wheel-lift derailment with the largest wheel vertical displacement of 26.83 mm and lateral displacement of 12.52 mm under the impact speed of 40 km/h, but it was safe with the largest displacement of no more than 18 mm and lateral displacement of 8.39 mm if the impact speed was less than 40 km/h. It is shown that the derailment patterns are more sensitive to the impact angle. Therefore, both the lateral and vertical displacements should be considered when studying the oblique collision-induced derailment mechanisms and patterns.
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Jackowski, Jerzy, and Olga Michnikowska. "The influence of rear car seat position on the child’s load condition during collision." Mechanik 90, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.2.34.

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The paper presents the results of the crash test aimed at observe level of acceleration of the dummy representing a child at the age of 3 years, seated in the car seat with various angle position of the rear seat of car. The research was carried out during simulated frontal collision at a speed of about 15 km/h. Selected for the child seats II÷III (15÷36 kg) weight category according to Regulation No. 44 of UNECE. Presented results of stand tests are aimed at compare dependence effect inclination angle the car seat and method of fixing it on car seat on examples.
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Huston, Ronald L. "Vehicle occupant movement and impact with the interior in frontal collisions – the ‘second collision’." International Journal of Crashworthiness 18, no. 2 (April 2013): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2013.764671.

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Jixiong, Li, and Wang Daoyong. "Study on application of MSOT method for lightweight design of automobile body structure." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 10 (October 2020): 168781402096504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020965049.

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In this study, the integrated MSOT (M-Multi-dimensional factor autobody model, S-Screening autobody component, O-Optimization of plate thickness, T-Testing, and validation) integration method is adopted to optimize the automobile body structure design for weight reduction. First, a multi-dimensional factor body model is established, then components of the vehicle are screened for the most important targets related to weight reduction and performance, and a multi-objective optimization is performed. Virtual experiments were carried out to validate the analysis and the MSOT method were proposed for lightweight design of the automobile body structure. A multi-dimensional performance model that considers stiffness, modality, strength, frontal offset collision, and side collision of a domestic passenger car body structure. Components affecting the weight of the vehicle were identified. Sheet metal thickness was selected as the main optimization target and a multi-objective optimization was carried out. Finally, simulations were performed on the body structure. The comprehensive performance, in terms of fatigue strength, frontal offset collision safety, and side collision safety, was verified using the optimized Pareto solution set. The results show that the established MSOT method can be used to comprehensively explore the weight reduction of the body structure, shorten the development process, and reduce development costs.
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Grave-Capistrán, Mario Alberto, Arturo Yishai Prieto-Vázquez, and Christopher René Torres-SanMiguel. "Aortic Blunt Trauma Analysis during a Frontal Impact." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2021 (July 19, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5555218.

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The aorta is the largest artery of the human body, and it is considered in the continuous medium mechanics as a hyperelastic material for its biological properties. The thoracic aorta is directly affected in vehicular collision events by compression generated between the ribcage and the three-point seatbelt tension producing injuries in the artery wall. A three-dimensional model of the thoracic aorta was constructed from digital tomographic images considering the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, and the descending aorta. The model obtained presents acceptable characteristics such as a length of 222.8 mm and an ascending aortic diameter of 22.7 mm, 22.7 mm in the aortic arch, and 16.09 mm in the descending aorta. A 150 ms time numerical simulation was developed through the finite element method (MEF), and the model was analyzed simulating a compression load on the artery at its front location. Boundary conditions were considered by selecting specific nodes in the model, such as the points where the artery is held in the thorax with other elements. In addition, displacement nodes were considered to establish a natural behavior of the artery. The outcomes show significant displacements in the artery wall. The most affected areas are the aortic arch and descending aorta, whose displacements reach 14 mm from their original position. Based on the abbreviated injury scale (AIS), the degree of injury to the aorta in this collision event is estimated, an AIS 2 with a moderate severity index and required medical attention.
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GAO, ZHENHAI, CHUZHAO LI, HONGYU HU, KAISHU ZHAO, HUI ZHAO, CHAOYANG CHEN, and HUILI YU. "INSTINCTUAL PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTION OF DRIVER’S CERVICAL MUSCLE TO A COLLISION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 15, no. 06 (December 2015): 1540044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519415400448.

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The influence of cervical muscles on the head/neck responses to frontal collisions is an important issue in the design of vehicle safety systems. In this study, spring-type muscles based on a Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy were used. A spring was used to simulate the cervical muscle with the instinctual physiological reaction of a driver. A total of 10 volunteers were recruited for the simulated collision tests and the maximum voluntary contraction tests, and test data were used to establish and design the spring-type muscles. Sled tests were performed using a modified dummy with spring-type muscles, which had similar mechanical characteristics to a human body. The results showed that Ax increased 3.58%, Ay decreased [Formula: see text]10.32%, Az increased 3.21%, Fx increased 12.22%, Fz increased 3.80%, and My decreased significantly ([Formula: see text]16.70% in average) at first but then increased 5.57%, in average. Cervical muscles with the instinctual physiological reaction may increase the potential head injury and potential cervical longitudinal shear injury while decreasing the potential cervical extension injury. The study provides reference for designing dummies by taking into consideration the instinctual physiological reaction of the driver to a collision.
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Tabacu, Stefan, and Nicolae Pandrea. "Numerical (analytical-based) model for the study of vehicle frontal collision." International Journal of Crashworthiness 13, no. 4 (July 15, 2008): 387–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588260802030588.

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Lu, X. Y., S. E. Shladover, and W. B. Zhang. "Quantitative testing of a frontal collision warning system for transit buses." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 1, no. 3 (2007): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-its:20060043.

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Zhu, Tao, Shou-Ne Xiao, Guang-Zhong Hu, Guang-Wu Yang, and Chao Yang. "CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF METRO VEHICLES CONSTRUCTED FROM TYPICAL MATERIALS AND THE LUMPED PARAMETER MODEL OF FRONTAL IMPACT." Transport 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7552.

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This paper establishes a Finite Element (FE) model of a rigid barrier impact of a single vehicle constructed from carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy, which are three typical materials used in metro vehicle car body structures. The different responses of the three materials during the collision are compared. According to the energy absorption, velocity, deformation and collision force flow characteristics of each vehicle, the relationship between the energy absorption ratio of the vehicle body and the energy absorption ratio of its key components is proposed. Based on the collision force flow distribution proportion of each component, the causes of the key components’ deformation are analysed in detail. The internal relationship between the deformation, energy absorption and impact force of the key components involved in a car body collision is elucidated. By determining the characteristic parameters describing the vehicle’s dynamic stiffness, a metro vehicle frontal impact model using lumped parameters is established that provides a simple and efficient conceptual design method for railway train safety design. These research results can be used to guide the design of railway trains for structural crashworthiness.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanic in a frontal collision"

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Neal, Terance (Terance K. )., and David Hill. "Frontal collision analysis of City Car." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63031.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 39).
This experiment tests the proposed crash system of the CityCar. The car is to fold during the crash to help decrease the impact force experienced by the passengers. The experiment was conducted by running a simulation of the car crashing into a wall compared to that of a rigid car with no folding, and by building a one-fifth scale wooden model of the CityCar, running it into a wall, and measuring the force upon impact. The simulation was ran at 20 mph, 50 mph, and 80 mph, with weight ratios between the front and back of the car respectively of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1, as well as three variations in the damping of the folding process. Both experiments show that the folding car experienced lower forces than the rigid car. The variations done in the simulation suggest that a back heavy car with considerable damping is best, but these results were a bit inconsistent and unclear and, therefore, will be tested more completely in the future. Results suggest that folding during a crash provides significant help, but this experiment only provides preliminary feedback useful for future analysis of the CityCar.
by Terance Neal [and] David Hill.
S.B.
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Peck, Louis Raymond. "Dynamic Failure Properties of the Porcine Medial Collateral Ligament: Predicting Human Injury in High Speed Frontal Automotive Collisions." Link to electronic thesis, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050207-155719/.

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Vašíček, Jiří. "Kompatibilita vozidel při čelním střetu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232731.

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Thesis deals with the compatibility of vehicles in a frontal collision. The first section discusses about compatibility from different views. There are the physical processes used in the mechanics of impact. The second part is focused on solving the compatibility of vehicles in a frontal collision by crash analysis using the finite element method. Firstly there are described collisions of vehicles from different vehicle classes (small cars, lower middle class, Pick up / SUV) into the fixed barrier by the US NCAP. Furthermore there are simulated head-on collisions of vehicles from different vehicle classes. In the end there is shown the possibility of using data from crash tests to determine the EES.
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Happian-Smith, J. "Motorcycle and rider dynamics in frontal collision, simulation and verification." Thesis, Brunel University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234975.

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Kuehbeck, Thomas. "Pre-crash extraction of the constellation of a frontal collision between two motor vehicles." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2017. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/4571/.

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One of the strategic objectives of the European Commission is to halve the number of road traffic fatalities by 2020. In addition, in 2010, the United Nations General Assembly initiated the "Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020" to reduce the number of fatalities and decrease the number of road traffic injuries. To address the scourge of road traffic accidents, this thesis presents a research study which has devised and evaluated a novel algorithm for extracting the constellation of an unavoidable frontal vehicle-to-vehicle accident. The primary research questions addressed in this work are: • What are the most significant collision parameters which influence the injury severity for a frontal collision between two motor vehicles? • How to extract the constellation of a crash before the accident occurs? In addition, the secondary research questions given below were addressed: • How to integrate physical constraints, imposed on the rate of acceleration of a real vehicle, together with data from vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, into the crash constellation extraction algorithm? • How to integrate uncertainties, associated with the data captured by sensors of a real vehicle, into a simulation model devised for assessing the performance of crash constellation extraction algorithms? Statistical analysis, conducted to determine significant collision parameters, has identified three significant crash constellation parameters: the point of collision on the vehicle body and the relative velocity between the vehicles; and the vehicle alignment offset (or vehicle overlap). The research reported in this thesis has also produced a novel algorithm for analysing the data captured by vehicle sensors, to extract the constellation of an unavoidable vehicle-to-vehicle frontal accident. The algorithm includes a model of physical constraints on the acceleration of a vehicle, cast as a gradual rise and eventual saturation of vehicle acceleration, together with the acceleration lag relative to the timing of information received from V2V communication. In addition, the research has delivered a simulation model to support the evaluation of the performance of crash constellation extraction algorithms, including a technique for integrating (into the simulation model, so that the simulation can approach real-world behaviour) the uncertainties associated with the data captured by the sensors of a real vehicle. The results of the assessment of the soundness of the simulation model show that the model produces the expected level of estimation errors, when simulation data is considered on its own or when it is compared to data from tests performed with a real vehicle. Simulation experiments, for the performance evaluation of the crash constellation extraction algorithm, show that the uncertainty associated with the estimated time-to-collision decreases as vehicle velocity increases or as the actual time-to-collision decreases. The results also show that a decreasing time-to-collision leads to a decreasing uncertainty associated with the estimated position of the tracked vehicle, the estimated collision point on the ego vehicle, and the estimated relative velocity between the two vehicles about to collide. The results of the performance assessment of the crash constellation extraction algorithm also show that V2V information has a beneficial influence on the precision of the constellation extraction, with regards to the predicted time-to-collision, the predicted position and velocity of the oncoming vehicle against which a collision is possible; the predicted relative velocity between the two vehicles about to collide, and the predicted point of collision on the body of the ego vehicle. It is envisaged that the techniques, developed in the research reported in this thesis, will be used in future integrated safety systems for motor vehicles. They could then strongly impact passenger safety by enabling optimal activation of safety measures to protect the vehicle occupants, as determined from the estimated constellation of the impending crash.
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Delcaillau, Bernard. "Evolution géomorphostructurale d'un piémont frontal de chaîne de collision intracontinentale les Siwalik de l'Himalaya du Népal oriental." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597020c.

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Delcaillau, Bernard. "Evolution geomorphostructurale d'un piemont frontal de chaine de collision intracontinentale : les siwalik de l'himalaya du nepal oriental." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20091.

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Les siwalik representent la partie la plus ancienne (mio-pleistocene) du piemont himalayen. Ils sont constitues par une succession de crets orientes ese - wnw a front tourne vers le sud et separes par des depressions longitudinales (les duns). Tailles dans les molasses mio-pleistocenes, ces reliefs sont apparus consecutivement au jeu de chevauchements imbriques. Au nord, le m. B. T. Est le plus ancien de ces chevauchements, le m. D. T. Lui succede plus au sud, enfin le m. S. T. , le plus recent met en superposition les materiaux et reliefs siwalik sur les alluvions de la plaine gangetique. Cette structuration progressive des siwalik et du front himalayen con- trole l'apparition successive des reliefs et des duns qui les separent ; elle a ete enregistree par la sedimentation molassique siwalik. Cet ensemble constitue un prisme d'accretion tectonique associe a une collision intracontinentale. Dans ce memoire, sont abordees successivement l'etude sedimentologique des series siwalik et des depots du pleistocene, puis l'etude de la deformation de ces mate- riaux menee depuis l'echelle regionale jusqu'a l'echelle de l'affleurement. Apres avoir defini le regime des contraintes, un modele d'evolution geodynamique du prisme siwalik est propose
South of the himalayas, the siwalik range, developped in the mio-pleistocene molassic deposits, is composed of ese-wnw trending hogbacks. The geomorphological structural and sedimentological datas show that the orogenic movements are under the strict dependance of the thrusting dynamic : the reliefs are linked to thrusts which appeared successively from north to south : the m. B. T. Appeared first, then the m. D. T. And finally, the m. S. T. . This successive appearence of thrusts and reliefs more and more recent from north to south, can be assimilated to a piggy back thrust sequence. The siwalik area is closely comparable to a tectonic accretionary wedge linked to an intracontinental collision. In this survey, we'll successively analysed the siwalik and post-siwalik sedimentation and the deformation of these materials inside each thrusting set. The stress pattern is analysed and compared with the morphostructural organisation of the siwalik. In conclusion, a geodynamic evolutionary model of this intracontinental tectonic prism has been proposed in this analysis
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Kullgren, Anders. "Validity and reliability of vehicle collision data : crash pulse recorders for impact severity and injury risk assessments in real-life frontal impacts /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3280-8/.

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Albert, Devon Lee. "Biomechanical Responses of Human Surrogates under Various Frontal Loading Conditions with an Emphasis on Thoracic Response and Injury Tolerance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100947.

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Frontal motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) resulted in 10,813 fatalities and 937,000 injuries in 2014, which is more than any other type of MVC. In order to mitigate the injuries and fatalities resulting from MVCs, new safety restraint technologies and more biofidelic anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) have been developed. However, the biofidelity of these new ATDs must be evaluated, and the mechanisms of injury must be understood in order to accurately predict injury. Evaluating the biomechanical response, injury mechanisms, and injury threshold of the thorax are particularly important because the thorax is one of the most frequently injured body regions in MVCs. Furthermore, sustaining a severe thoracic injury in an MVC significantly increases mortality risk. The overall objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the biomechanical responses of human surrogates under various frontal loading conditions. This objective was divided into three sub-objectives: 1) to evaluate the biofidelity of the current frontal impact ATDs, 2) to evaluate the effect of different safety restraints on occupant responses, and 3) to evaluate rib material properties with respect to sex, age, structural response, and loading history. In order to meet sub-objectives 1 and 2, full-scale frontal sled tests were performed on three different human surrogates: the 50th percentile male Hybrid III (HIII) ATD, the 50th percentile male Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR-M) ATD, and approximately 50th percentile male post-mortem human surrogates (PMHS). All surrogates were tested under three safety restraint conditions: knee bolster (KB), KB and steering wheel airbag (KB/SWAB), and knee bolster airbag and SWAB (KBAB/SWAB). The kinematic, lower extremity, abdominal, thoracic, and neck responses were then compared between surrogates and restraint conditions. In order to assess biofidelity, the ATD responses were compared to the PMHS responses. For both the kinematic and thoracic responses, the HIII and THOR-M had comparable biofideltiy. However, the HIII responses were slightly more biofidelic. The ATDs experienced similar lower extremity kinetics, but very different kinetics at the upper and lower neck due to differences in design. Evaluation of the different restraint conditions showed that the SWAB and KBAB both affected injury risk. The SWAB decreased head injury risk for all surrogates, and increased or decreased thoracic injury risk, depending on the surrogate. The KBAB decreased the risk of femur injury, but increased or decreased tibia injury risk depending on the surrogate and injury metric used to predict risk. In order to meet sub-objective 3, the tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone and the structural properties of whole ribs were quantified at strain rates similar to those observed in frontal impacts. The rib cortical bone underwent coupon tension testing, while the whole ribs underwent bending tests intended to simulate loading from a frontal impact. The rib material properties accounted for less than 50% of the variation observed in the whole rib structural properties, indicating that other factors, such as rib geometry, were also influencing the structural response of whole ribs. Age was significantly negatively correlated with the modulus, yield stress, failure strain, failure stress, plastic strain energy density, and total strain energy density. However, sex did not significantly influence any of the material properties. Cortical bone material properties were quantified from the ribs that underwent the whole rib bending tests and subject-matched, untested (control) ribs in order to evaluate the effect of loading history on material properties. Yield stress and yield strain were the only material properties that were significantly different between the previously tested and control ribs. The results of this dissertation can guide ATD and safety restrain design. Additionally, this dissertation provides human surrogate response data and rib material property data for the validation of finite element models, which can then be used to evaluate injury mitigation strategies for MVCs.
PHD
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Elmarakbi, Ahmed. "Dynamic modeling and analysis of vehicle's smart front-end structure for frontal collision improvement." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=94735&T=F.

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Books on the topic "Mechanic in a frontal collision"

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SAE International Congress & Exposition (1989 Detroit, Mich.). Automotive frontal impacts. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1989.

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Happian-Smith, Julian. Motorcycle and rider dynamics in frontal collision, simulation and verification. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1989.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE International Congress & Exposition (1990 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection in frontal collisions. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1990.

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Automotive Frontal Impacts (S P (Society of Automotive Engineers)). Society of Automotive Engineers Inc, 1989.

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Elmarakbi, Ahmed. Dynamic modeling and analysis of vehicle's smart front-end structure for frontal collision improvement. 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanic in a frontal collision"

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Kallieris, Dimitrios. "The Biomechanics of Frontal and Lateral Collision." In Human Biomechanics and Injury Prevention, 41–50. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66967-8_5.

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Song, Ce, Hong Zang, and Jingru Bao. "Analysis on Lock Problem in Frontal Collision for Mini Vehicle." In Proceedings of SAE-China Congress 2015: Selected Papers, 19–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-978-3_2.

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Cuautle-Estrada, Alejandro, Christopher René Torres-SanMiguel, Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa, Luis Martínez-Sáez, Beatriz Romero-Ángeles, and Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia-Manuel. "Simplified Test Bench Used to Reproduce Child Facial Damage During a Frontal Collision." In Advanced Structured Materials, 23–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39062-4_3.

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Radu, Alexandru Ionut, Corneliu Cofaru, Bogdan Tolea, Daniel Dragos Trusca, and Horia Beles. "Research Regarding Occupant’s Movement in the Case of Frontal Collision Using High-Speed Video Recording." In CONAT 2016 International Congress of Automotive and Transport Engineering, 790–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45447-4_86.

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Nguyen, Thanh-Tam, Cong-Thanh Nguyen, Van-Sy Nguyen, Thanh-Danh Lam, and Duc-Nam Nguyen. "Optimal Design Structure of Sleeper Bus to Enhance Injury Safety of Human in Frontal Collision." In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020), 70–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69610-8_9.

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Elkady, Mustafa, and Ahmed Elmarakbi. "Enhancement Vehicle’s Occupant Safety by Using Vehicle Dynamics Control Systems in Vehicle-to-Barrier Offset Frontal Collision." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 179–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33805-2_14.

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"Frontal Impacts." In When It Comes to the Crunch: The Mechanics of Car Collisions, 76–95. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812831316_0006.

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"Front Matter." In Probability and Mechanics of Ship Collision and Grounding, i—ii. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815022-1.09990-4.

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Morreau, Michael. "Norms or Inference Tickets? A Frontal Collision between Intuitions." In Inheritance, Defaults and the Lexicon, 58–73. Cambridge University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511663642.005.

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Elkady, Mustafa, Muhammad Sheikh, and Kevin Burn. "Numerical Analysis for Vehicle Collision Mitigation and Safety Using Dynamics Control Systems." In Advances in System Dynamics and Control, 421–75. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4077-9.ch014.

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The aim of this chapter is to investigate the effect of vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) on both the collision of the vehicle body and the kinematic behaviour of the vehicle's occupant in case of offset frontal vehicle-to-vehicle collision. The study also investigates the full-frontal vehicle-to-barrier crash scenario. A unique 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a simplified lumped mass occupant model are developed. The first model is used to define the vehicle body crash parameters and it integrates a vehicle dynamics model with a vehicle front-end structure model. The second model aims to predict the effect of VDCS on the kinematics of the occupant. It is shown from the numerical simulations that the vehicle dynamics/crash response and occupant behaviour can be captured and analysed quickly and accurately. Furthermore, it is shown that the VDCS can affect the crash characteristics positively and the occupant behaviour is improved in the full and offset crash scenarios.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanic in a frontal collision"

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Gonzalez-Villela, Victor J., and Eduardo U. Gonzalez-Zavala. "Experimental Vehicle That Avoids Collisions Through Steer by Wire and Differential Drive Systems." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64512.

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The implementation of Drive-by-Wire systems is increasing due to their advantages. One of these advantages is the capability to be autonomous or semiautonomous. This paper investigates the collisions avoidance in a Steer-by-Wire and Differential Drive experimental vehicle. The Steer-by-Wire system is tested using the Ackerman formulation. Ackerman equations are modified in order to vary the vehicle’s steering ratio in function of the vehicle’s speed. As a result, better high speed vehicle’s control is achieved. The collision avoidance system works using infrared sensors around the vehicle, avoiding frontal and lateral collision. The distance to the obstacles is the parameter selected to avoid collisions (leaving the time for other actions like warnings to the driver). The fusion of the Autonomous Steer-by-Wire and the collisions avoidance system develops a semi-autonomous vehicle. This vehicle avoids collisions automatically, even if the driver does not avoid the collisions by himself, greatly reducing the probability of accidents.
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2

Joszko, K., A. Danecka, M. Burkacki, and M. Gzik. "IMPACT OF USING PASSIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS ON CHILD TRAUMA DURING A FRONTAL COLLISION." In Engineering Mechanics 2020. Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/5896-3-250.

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Mohammed, Obaidur Rahman, D. V. Suresh, and Hamid M. Lankarani. "Evaluation of Automotive Hood and Bumper Performance With Composite Material by Pedestrian Impactor Systems." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24359.

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Abstract The quality and reliability of vehicle safety in the automotive industry has greatly improved over the last years. Automotive manufacturers are constantly investigating the potential for enhancing rigidity for passenger car components and reducing the vehicle’s weight costs. Frontal elements such as the hood and bumper are more complex to analyze during the frontal collisions for weight reduction with the same rigidity and shape design. The objective of this study is to examine the crash efficiency of a vehicle’s hood and bumper with additive composite materials for enhancement of the design. The system is evaluated with the FE upper legform and adult headform impactor sub-system models. Under EEVC WG17 regulations, finite element simulations are performed with a sedan vehicle model. Analysis of the head impact on the car hood, subsequent head acceleration and HIC values were analyzed using pedestrian impactor. Differences in simulation results are examined for steel and composite material for better material selection. To estimate the weight reduction and pedestrian protection, a comparison between the composite material and the steel material is performed for the sedan vehicle. The study, thus, examines safety issues regarding the new material Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) for vehicle front-end and whether it would be less safe to use during frontal collision for weight reduction and comprehension behavior on pedestrian injuries.
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Elkady, Mostafa, Ahmed Elmarakbi, and John MacIntyre. "Using an Extendable Bumper With an Aid of Vehicle Dynamics Control System to Improve the Occupant Safety in Frontal Vehicle-to-Vehicle Collision Scenario." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66523.

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This paper aims to improve vehicle crashworthiness using vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) integrated with an extendable front-end structure (extendable bumper). The work carried out in this paper includes developing and analyzing a new vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a multi-body occupant mathematical model in case of vehicle-to-vehicle full frontal impact. The first model integrates a vehicle dynamics model with the vehicle’s front-end structure to define the vehicle body crash kinematic parameters. In this model, the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and the active suspension control system (ASC) are co-simulated, and its associated equations of motion are developed and solved numerically. The second model is used to capture the occupant kinematics during full frontal collision. The simulations show considerable improvements using VDCS with and without the extendable bumper (EB), which produces additional significant improvements for both vehicle body acceleration and intrusion.
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Nusier, Saied Q., Jamel E. Belwafa, Ridha Baccouche, Hikmat F. Mahmood, and Bahig Fileta. "Design of a Frontal Rail Structure With Thickness Variation That Performs Under Axial and Oblique Loading." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68364.

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Progressive crushing of the frontal part of the frame in any collision (frontal, offset and oblique) is one of the factors that determine the safety level that a car or a truck can provide to the occupant. A new approach in frontal rail design will be covered in this paper. The rail thickness will vary along the length of the rail in such away that the compressive strength of a rear section on the compression side of the rail will be greater than or equal to the section in front of it. This design will enable the front rail to collapse in a progressive manner such that the collapse will be transmitted from the front to the rear. Preventing early global bending in the rail will enhance the efficiency of energy absorbed during a crash. Starting with the section with the lowest compressive strength (most forward section of the rail), in a controlled way, the section strength is designed to increase with length. This will help meet the federal regulations such as FMVSS 208 by collapsing the least strong front sections at lower speeds and the strong rear sections at higher speeds. Also, collapsing of the weak frontal sections in a crash can help in compatibility between different vehicles on the road.
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Zhou, Hechao, Jimin Zhang, and Jitong Zhang. "Research on the Override Phenomenon in Railway Collision Accidents." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53822.

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In this paper, a joint simulat ion method based on nonlinear FEM and MBD is proposed. Firstly, the force-deformation character of single vehicle is analysed using nonlinear FEM software Dytran. Then, override simulations of two train units in frontal collision are carried out using multi-body dynamics. Simulation results indicate that the pitching motion of vehicles has great effect to the overriding phenomenon. It also depends on several factors, such as collision mass, pitching frequency, height of the center of mass above the rail level. Besides that, it is shown in this paper the overriding phenomenon is more sensitive to variations in pitching frequency and height of the center of mass, compared to the factor of collision mass.
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Elkady, Mustafa, and Ahmed Elmarakbi. "Enhancement of Occupant Safety During Frontal Collisions Using New Vehicle/Occupant Interaction Modelling With VDC Systems and Smart Structures." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37007.

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The aim of this paper is to enhance crashworthiness in the case of vehicle-to-barrier full frontal collision using vehicle dynamics control systems integrated with an extendable bumper. The work carried out in this paper includes developing and analyzing a new vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a multi-body occupant mathematical model to capture the occupant kinematics during full frontal collision. Different cases of vehicle dynamics control systems have been used during the collision to show their effect on the occupant dynamic response. The occupant deceleration and the occupant’s chest and head rotational acceleration are used as injury criteria. It is shown from the numerical simulations that the occupant behaviour can be captured and analysed quickly and accurately. Furthermore, it is shown that the vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) can affect the crash characteristics positively and the occupant safety is improved.
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Mohammed, Obaidur Rahman, Shabbir Memon, and Hamid M. Lankarani. "Pedestrian Collision Responses Using Legform Impactor Subsystem and Full-Sized Pedestrian Model on Different Workbenches." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87904.

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Car-pedestrian collision fatalities have been reported for a significant number of roadside accidents around the world. In order to reduce the lower extremity injuries in car-pedestrian collisions, it is important to determine the impact forces on the pedestrian and conditions that the car frontal side impacts on the lower extremities of the pedestrian. The Working Group 17 (WG17) of the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) has developed a legform subsystem impactor and procedure for assessing pedestrian collisions and potential injuries. This research describes a methodology for the evaluation of the legform impactor kinematics after a collision utilizing finite element (FE) models of the legform and cars and comparing the simulation results with the ones from a multi-body legform model as well as a 50th percentile male human pedestrian model responses. Two approaches are carried out in the process. First, the collision strike simulations with the FE model using an FE lower legform is considered and validated against the EVVC/WG17 regulation criteria. Secondly, the collision strike simulations with a multi-body legform and an ellipsoidal multi-body car model are conducted to compare the responses from the FE model and the multi-body model. The results from the impact simulations of FE legform and the multi-body legform are also compared with the ones from a full-size pedestrian model at constant speeds. All the models and simulation in this are using the LS-DYNA nonlinear FE code, while the multibody legform, car, and full-sized pedestrian models are developed and evaluated in MADYMO. The results from this study demonstrate the differences between the subsystem legform and the full-size pedestrian responses as well as suitability of various FE and multibody models related to pedestrian impact responses. Different workbenches comparisons with finite model and ellipsoidal models gives more better correlation to this research.
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Zhang, SongAn, Qing Zhou, and Yong Xia. "Influence of Wheels on Frontal Crash Response of Small Lightweight Electric Vehicle." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50699.

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For vehicle frontal crash, the front wheels may affect impact load transfer and load path, and to some extent, the tire deformation may contribute to crash energy absorption. The effects would be especially prominent when it comes to the cases of micro car, offset crash and electric car. For a micro or small car, the front compartment space is small and the wheels are relatively large, and so the wheel’s role on transferring impact load to the A-pillar and the rocker is more significant and the energy absorbed by the tire deformation contributes to a relatively large portion. Moreover, in the case of an offset or small overlap collision, the wheel impacted is apparently engaged at a deeper level than that in full frontal crash. For an electric car when its electric motor is positioned in the rear of the car, the front compartment does not have space-taking engine and so the structural deformation and space use are more affected by the wheels. In this paper, by finite element simulations using a small lightweight electric vehicle (SLEV) model, the above-mentioned aspects are studied. The model has no complex components, and therefore is suitable for parametric study. The influence of the front wheels on the impact load transfer and the energy absorbed by the tire deformation are analyzed. Also front crash results of SLEV are compared with Yaris to show how front wheels affect load path in crash. The results show that the influence of wheels on frontal crash response of small lightweight electric vehicles should not be ignored and should be an integral part of crash safety design.
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Elkady, Mustafa, Ahmed Elmarakbi, John MacIntyre, and Hicham El-Hage. "Numerical Investigations of the Positive Effects of Vehicle Dynamics Control Systems on Vehicle Crash." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62132.

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This paper focuses on the use of vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) to mitigate vehicle collisions in case of offset frontal vehicle-to-barrier crash scenario. A unique six-Degree-of-Freedom (6-DOF) vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model is developed and analysed in this paper. The model is used to define the vehicle body crash parameters by integrating a vehicle dynamics model with a vehicle front-end structure model. In this model, the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and the active suspension control system (ASC) are co-simulated with the full car vehicle dynamics model and integrated with the front-end structure. The associated equations of motion of the model are developed and solved numerically. In this study, different crash scenarios are simulated with different cases of VDCS to investigate their influences on the vehicle collision improvement. ABS, ASC, and anti-pitch control (APC) systems as well as an under pitch control (UPC) technique are applied in this paper, and their results are compared with free rolling crash scenarios. This study shows that the vehicle dynamics/crash response is captured and analysed quickly and accurately. Furthermore, it is shown that the VDCS affect the crash characteristics positively.
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Reports on the topic "Mechanic in a frontal collision"

1

Fujimura, Takanobu. Simulation and Analysis of Small-vehicle Deceleration to Reduce Occupant Injury at Frontal Collision. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-32-0502.

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