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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical actuators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Bazghaleh, Mohsen, Steven Grainger, and Morteza Mohammadzaheri. "A review of charge methods for driving piezoelectric actuators." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 10 (2017): 2096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17733330.

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Piezoelectric actuators are the most commonly used actuators in nanopositioning. They provide excellent operating bandwidth and precision. These actuators are normally driven by voltage amplifiers; however, the relationship of the applied voltage on the actuator and its position is nonlinear and complex due to phenomena such as hysteresis. This adversely influences actuator’s position control which is the core component of nanopositioning. However, the electrical charge applied on a piezoelectric actuator has a significantly less complex relationship with its position. As a result, driving pie

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2

Copaci, Dorin, Dolores Blanco, and Luis E. Moreno. "Flexible Shape-Memory Alloy-Based Actuator: Mechanical Design Optimization According to Application." Actuators 8, no. 3 (2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8030063.

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New robotic applications, among others, in medical and related fields, have in recent years boosted research in the development of new actuators in the search for solutions that are lighter and more flexible than conventional actuators. Shape-Memory Alloy (SMA)-based actuators present characteristics that make them an excellent alternative in a wide variety of applications. This paper presents the design, tests (with the control description) and analysis of various configurations of actuators based on SMA wires: flexible SMA actuators, different mechanical design to multiply the displacement a

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3

Zhou, Ling, Xue Jin Shen, Zhen Lu Wang, and Yi Hu. "Performance Comparison of Typical Electrothermal Actuators." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.528.

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As the power producer, the micro actuator is an important part of the micro electro- mechanical system, which is used as the conversion of energy, motion and force producing. In this paper, the mechanical models of three bent beam electrothermal actuators are summarized to make comparison with each other and analyze mechanical performance. For Π-shaped actuators, the tip displacements are proportional to temperature increment and length, having no relationship with the beam width and thickness. However, the displacement of Π-shaped actuators is smaller than the one of V-shaped actuators with t

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4

Massey, K. C., J. McMichael, T. Warnock, and F. Hay. "Development of mechanical guidance actuators for a supersonic projectile." Aeronautical Journal 112, no. 1130 (2008): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000002128.

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Abstract In this paper, the results of a series of experiments funded by DARPA to determine the feasibility of using small actuators to provide directional control for a supersonic projectile are presented. Controlling the flight of the projectile was accomplished by taking advantage of complex shock-boundary-layer interactions produced by mechanical devices. Experimental tests were conducted at GTRI to screen several control concepts and actuator locations. Further experiments were conducted on a scale projectile in a supersonic stream to investigate the rise time of the forces. Several diffe

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Zhang, Yu Fang. "Review of Mechanical Structure of Force Actuator for Optical Astronomical Telescope." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.25.

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Reviewed the application of force actuators in the optical astronomical telescopes, and introduced the working principle, mechanical structure, performance requirements and basic components of the force actuators; then compared the advantages and disadvantages of force actuator types which commonly used in astronomical telescopes, finally, propose a outlook of the development trend of the actuator on the great telescope application requirements.

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Gallo, Carlos Alberto, Fernando Lessa Tofoli, Domingos Alves Rade, and Valder Steffen. "Piezoelectric actuators applied to neutralize mechanical vibrations." Journal of Vibration and Control 18, no. 11 (2011): 1650–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546311422549.

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Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in smart structural systems to actively control vibration and noise, and to enhance performance. Because of the highly capacitive nature of these actuators, special power amplifiers, capable of delivering high currents, are required to drive these systems. In this paper, a study to reduce the reactive energy that is necessary in such systems is carried out. This is accomplished by associating the actuator with its capacitive characteristic circuit. Also, non-idealities of the circuit performance are addressed, along with theoretical limits regarding poss

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Liu, Yonggang, Aoke Zeng, Shuliang Zhang, Ruixiang Ma, and Zhe Du. "An Experimental Investigation on Polarization Process of a PZT-52 Tube Actuator with Interdigitated Electrodes." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (2022): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101760.

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The manipulator is the key component of the micromanipulator. Using the axial expansion and contraction properties, the piezoelectric tube can drive the manipulator to achieve micro-motion positioning. It is widely used in scanning probe microscopy, fiber stretching and beam scanning. The piezoceramic tube actuator used to have continuous electrodes inside and outside. It is polarized along the radial direction. There are relatively high polarization voltages, but poor axial mechanical properties. A new tubular actuator is presented in this paper by combining interdigitated electrodes and piez

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8

Sardesai, Aditya N., Xavier M. Segel, Matthew N. Baumholtz, et al. "Design and Characterization of Edible Soft Robotic Candy Actuators." MRS Advances 3, no. 50 (2018): 3003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.557.

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ABSTRACTOne of the goals of soft robotics is the ability to interface with the human body. Traditionally, silicone materials have dominated the field of soft robotics. In order to shift to materials that are more compatible with the body, developments will have to be made into biodegradable and biocompatible soft robots. This investigation focused on developing gummy actuators which are biodegradable, edible, and tasty. Creating biodegradable and edible actuators can be both sold as an interactive candy product and also inform the design of implantable soft robotic devices. First, commercially

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Wiegand, Roland, Bastian Schmitz, Christian Pylatiuk, and Stefan Schulz. "Mechanical Performance of Actuators in an Active Orthosis for the Upper Extremities." Journal of Robotics 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/650415.

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The aim of the project OrthoJacket is to develop a lightweight, portable, and active orthosis for the upper limps. The system consists of two special designed fluidic actuators which are used for supporting the elbow function and the internal rotation of the shoulder. A new design of flexible fluid actuator (FFA) is presented that enables more design options of attaching parts, as it is allowed by conventional actuators with a stationary centre of rotation. This advantage and the inherent flexibility and the low weight of this kind of actuator predestined them for the use in exoskeletons, orth

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Li, Chong, Robert N. Dean, and George T. Flowers. "Nonlinear Observability Analysis of Micro-machined Electrostatic Actuators Using Self-Sensing." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, DPC (2016): 001632–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016dpc-wp36.

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Micro-machined electrostatic actuators (MEA) like parallel plate actuators (PPAs) and comb drive actuators (GCAs) are commonly used in many applications, including gyroscopes, resonators and RF switches. The detection of an actuators' mechanical motion is desired when they are combined with feedback control techniques, especially when the application requires high performance or is affected by disturbances. The motion can be detected by a variety of sensing techniques, including capacitive, piezoresistive and optical. Electrostatic parallel plate actuators can be modeled as a type of variable

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11

Jang, Minsu, Jun Sik Kim, Ji-Hun Kim, et al. "Surface-Controlled Molecular Self-Alignment in Polymer Actuators for Flexible Microrobot Applications." Polymers 11, no. 4 (2019): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040736.

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Polymer actuators are important components in lab-on-a-chip and micromechanical systems because of the inherent properties that result from their large and fast mechanical responses induced by molecular-level deformations (e.g., isomerization). They typically exhibit bending movements via asymmetric contraction or expansion with respect to changes in environmental conditions. To enhance the mechanical properties of actuators, a strain gradient should be introduced by regulating the molecular alignment; however, the miniaturization of polymer actuators for microscale systems has raised concerns

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Fumagalli, L., F. Butera, and Alberto Coda. "Smartflex NiTi Wires for Shape Memory Actuators." Advances in Science and Technology 59 (September 2008): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.59.198.

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Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are active metallic materials classified nowadays as “smart” or “intelligent” materials. One of the main areas of interest is that of actuators. The use of Shape Memory Alloys in actuators offers the opportunity to develop robust, simple and lightweight elements that can represent an alternative to electro-magnetic actuators commonly used in several fields of industrial applications, such as automotive, appliances, etc. The obvious simplicity of mechanical design and minimum number of moved parts is amazing for an actuator. NiTi SMAs demonstrated to have the best com

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Bi, Zhuming, Bongsu Kang, and Puren Ouyang. "Fatigue Analysis of Actuators with Teflon Impregnated Coating—Challenges in Numerical Simulation." Actuators 10, no. 4 (2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10040082.

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Actuators are essential components for motion in machines, and warranty service lives are basic specifications of actuators. However, fatigue damage or wear of actuators are very complex and related to many design factors, such as materials properties, surface conditions, loads, and operating temperature. Actuator manufacturers still rely heavily on physical experiments to determine the fatigue lives of actuators. This paper investigates the state-of-the-art of using numerical simulations for fatigue analysis of mechanical actuators. Failure criteria of machine elements are discussed extensive

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14

Qiao, Guan, Geng Liu, Zhenghong Shi, Yawen Wang, Shangjun Ma, and Teik C. Lim. "A review of electromechanical actuators for More/All Electric aircraft systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 22 (2017): 4128–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217749869.

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Conventional hydraulic actuators in aircraft systems are high maintenance and more vulnerable to high temperatures and pressures. This usually leads to high operating costs and low efficiency. With the rapid development of More/All Electric technology, power-by-wire actuators are being broadly employed to improve the maintainability, reliability, and manoeuvrability of future aircraft. This paper reviews the published application and development of the airborne linear electromechanical actuator. First, the general configuration, merits, and limitations of the gear-drive electromechanical actua

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Ijaz, Salman, Mirza T. Hamayun, Lin Yan, and Cun Shi. "Active fault-tolerant control for vertical tail damaged aircraft with dissimilar redundant actuation system using integral sliding mode control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 7 (2018): 2361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218790280.

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The research about the dissimilar redundant actuation system has indicated the potential fault-tolerant capability in modern aircraft. This paper proposed a new design methodology to achieve fault-tolerant control of an aircraft equipped with dissimilar actuators and is suffered from vertical tail damage. The proposed design is based on the concept of online control allocation to redistribute the control signals among healthy actuators and integral sliding mode controller is designed to achieve the closed-loop stability in the presence of both component and actuator faults. To cope with severe

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Lee, Tae-Hoon, Gun-Ha Yoon, Je-Won Kang, and Seung-Bok Choi. "An experimental comparison of the pedestrian safety performances of a spring actuator and a pyrotechnic actuator for deploying an active hood lift system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 7 (2017): 973–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017701534.

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This research experimentally investigates the pedestrian safety performance of an active hood lift system of a passenger vehicle by adopting two different actuators: a spring actuator and a pyrotechnic actuator (gunpowder). After briefly introducing the working principle of the active hood lift system with the two different actuators, experiments to measure the deployment time of the system are carried out to evaluate the pedestrian safety. Subsequently, headform impact tests on the hood are performed to generate the impact force, and hence the mitigation of pedestrian injuries is investigated

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Huang, Yan, Fang Wang, Liying Qian, Xiuhua Cao, Beihai He, and Junrong Li. "A fast-response electroactive actuator based on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 2 (2021): 025005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac4037.

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Abstract Cellulose-based electroactive actuators are promising candidates for biomimetic robots and biomedical applications due to their lightweight, high mechanical strength, and natural abundance. However, cellulose-based electroactive actuators exhibit lower actuation performance than traditional conductive polymer actuators. This work reports a fast-response cellulose-based electroactive actuator based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized nanocellulose (TOCNF) film with layered structure fabricated by evaporation, and gold electrodes prepared by ion sputtering. The resi

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Yan, W. Y., and A. M. Al-Jumaily. "Feasibility of using an active actuator for two-dimensional vibration abatement in a turning process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 216, no. 4 (2002): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146441902320992428.

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This paper presents a simulation model that considers the radial and tangential vibrations and their abatement using active actuators in a turning process. The model is simulated using Simulink in a MATLAB environment to assess the possibility of using an active actuator to reduce vibrations in two directions. Comparison is made between the two orthogonal actuators scenario and the one inclined actuator scenario. The results indicate that vibration reduction using an active inclined actuator is comparable with that using two orthogonal actuators.

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Zhou, Bo, Xiao Ma, and Shifeng Xue. "Nonlinear Analysis of Laminated Beams with Braided Fiber Piezoelectric Composite Actuators." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 04 (2020): 2050043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882512050043x.

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This paper presents a novel approach for improving the reliability and driving capability of piezoelectric actuators by developing braided fiber piezoelectric composite (BFPC) actuators. The nonlinear analysis of laminated beams integrated with the BFPC actuators under electric load is presented. According to Timoshenko beam theory and von Kármán nonlinear geometric relation, the strain components of the piezoelectric laminated beams are obtained. The nonlinear governing equations of the piezoelectric laminated beams are derived by the Galerkin method and principle of minimum potential energy,

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Kedzierski, Jakub, and Eric Holihan. "Linear and rotational microhydraulic actuators driven by electrowetting." Science Robotics 3, no. 22 (2018): eaat5643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aat5643.

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Microhydraulic actuators offer a new way to convert electrical power to mechanical power on a microscale with an unmatched combination of power density and efficiency. Actuators work by combining surface tension force contributions from a large number of droplets distorted by electrowetting electrodes. This paper reports on the behavior of microgram-scale linear and rotational microhydraulic actuators with output force/weight ratios of 5500, cycle frequencies of 4 kilohertz, <1-micrometer movement precision, and accelerations of 3 kilometers/second2. The power density and the efficiency of

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21

Lindner, D. K., T. P. Celano, and E. N. Ide. "Vibration Suppression Using a Proofmass Actuator Operating in Stroke/Force Saturation." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 113, no. 4 (1991): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930203.

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We consider proofmass actuators for vibration suppression in flexible structures. Proofmass actuators appear to have a significant force-to-weight ratio over other types of actuators; hence, there has been considerable interest in them recently. These actuators, however, have a maximum force capability imposed in part by the stroke length of the proofmass. This nonlinearity is difficult to handle because this constraint cannot be violated (unlike saturation of electronic devices). Furthermore, this constraint is peculiar to this type of actuator. In this paper we consider the control loop stru

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Yarali, Ebrahim, Reza Noroozi, Armin Yousefi, Mahdi Bodaghi, and Mostafa Baghani. "Multi-Trigger Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Soft Actuators under Large Deformations." Polymers 12, no. 2 (2020): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020489.

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Dielectric actuators (DEAs), because of their exceptional properties, are well-suited for soft actuators (or robotics) applications. This article studies a multi-stimuli thermo-dielectric-based soft actuator under large bending conditions. In order to determine the stress components and induced moment (or stretches), a nominal Helmholtz free energy density function with two types of hyperelastic models are employed. Non-linear electro-elasticity theory is adopted to derive the governing equations of the actuator. Total deformation gradient tensor is multiplicatively decomposed into electro-mec

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Et. al., Dr B. Suresh Kumar,. "Modeling and Simulation of Feedback based Linear Electromechanical actuator." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (2021): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1109.

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An actuator is a device that which provides control over certain automation systems and also provides tuning in movement or positioning in various applications like manufacture of valves, motor, wastewater treatment plants, onboard electronics based on the type of configuration of type of actuators. Out of the available types of actuators, linear Electro Mechanical Actuators (EMA) is a powerful and advanced tool which provides optimal solution for the field of automation, various applications where high speed, high precision with control are required. This paper proposes to have velocity feedb

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Li, Bing, Shaohua Niu, Bingyang Li, Pengfei Wang, and Yuli Qiao. "Design and Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of EAP Flexible Drivers." Machines 10, no. 12 (2022): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10121241.

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Electroactive polymer(EAP) is a “smart material” with high energy density, high electromechanical energy conversion efficiency, simple structure, good adaptability to the working environment, etc. It can be made into various shapes to realize flexible drivers. At present, the common EAP actuator is mainly composed of EAP film wound on a spring, and the output performance of this type of actuator is related to the spring stiffness, film prestretching rate, voltage, and other factors. Its working process is actually an electromechanical coupling process. In this paper, two types of cylindrical a

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Cao, Hai Long, Zheng Tao Yan, and Jing Jun Lou. "Magnetic Circuit Optimization Design and Simulation Analysis of Electromagnetic Inertial Actuator." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.356.

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This paper introduces basic working principle of electromagnetic inertial actuators and establishes the mechanical model of actuator. With the method of three-level series permanent magnet, the actuator structure design was completed. According to the structure of the actuator, the magnetic circuit model of actuator was determined, and the design of magnetic circuit was completed. Through the comparison and analysis, the type of both ends of the cage was determined. The simulation analysis of actuators’ magnetic field was studied by using ANSYS, and then the parameters were optimized. The para

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Wang, Chin-Cheng, and Ching-Po Wen. "Aerodynamic drag reduction for a truck model using DBD plasma actuators." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 3 (2022): 168781322210878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221087852.

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In this study, the effect of DBD plasma actuator based active flow control for a truck model was investigated. Two different electrode shapes which are linear and comb-shaped plasma actuators, are considered. The two DBD plasma actuators are placed at the leading edge or the trailing edge of the trailer, respectively. First, the drag reduction for the DBD plasma actuators at input voltages varying from 6 to 14 kVpp are compared. At a Reynolds number of 25,000, the maximum drag reduction using three comb-shaped plasma actuators at the trailing edge of the trailer is 8.7%, while the maximum drag

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Ozaki, Takashi, and Kanae Hamaguchi. "Electro-Aero-Mechanical Model of Piezoelectric Direct-Driven Flapping-Wing Actuator." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (2018): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091699.

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We present an analytical model of a flapping-wing actuator, including its electrical, aerodynamic, and mechanical systems, for estimating the lift force from the input electrical power. The actuator is modeled as a two-degree-of-freedom kinematic system with semi-empirical quasi-steady aerodynamic forces and the electromechanical effect of piezoelectricity. We fabricated actuators of two different scales with wing lengths of 17.0 and 32.4 mm and measured their performances in terms of the stroke/pitching angle, average lift force, and average consumed power. The experimental results were in go

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Matsuoka, Hiroki, Takefumi Kanda, Shuichi Wakimoto, Koichi Suzumori, and Pierre Lambert. "Development of a Rubber Soft Actuator Driven with Gas/Liquid Phase Change." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 4 (2016): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0517.

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Soft rubber actuators are very useful in applications involving humans, such as in medicine and reflexology. Additionally, they are useful in industrial devices because of their softness. However, many soft rubber actuators are driven by pneumatic power, and the power source is usually bulky. This makes the application of soft rubber actuators difficult. In this study, we propose a novel small power source for soft rubber actuators, which uses the gas/liquid phase change phenomenon of the actuator working fluid. When fluids change their phase between liquid and vapor, a large volume change occ

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Furutani, Katsushi, and Taizo Makino. "Influence of Matrix Circuit Switching Device Junction Capacitance on Piezoelectric Actuator Drive Performance." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 3 (2009): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0313.

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Piezoelectric actuators are widely used as fine-motion actuators for positioning devices. Current pulse driving reduces displacement hysteresis, and the drive circuit provides current pulses considered constant charge pulses to the piezoelectric actuator. The circuit for devices with multiple degrees of freedom using multiple piezoelectric actuators should be simple. Matrix circuits are used to drive liquid crystal displays to reduce the number of drive-circuit control signals and components. A group of 2 × 2 piezoelectric actuators was driven alternately using a 4-switch matrix circuit, and t

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van der Linden, Franciscus LJ. "Modeling of geared positioning systems: An object-oriented gear contact model with validation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 7-8 (2015): 1084–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215592056.

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In aerospace positioning actuators, gear efficiencies of 85% as well as breakout forces as high as 50% of the stall load of the actuator are observed at very low temperature conditions. Due to the low efficiency and high loading, stiction in these actuators is common which can lead to limit cycles or problems with controlling the actuators. To be able to correctly predict and assess these effects using simulations, a complete actuator, including motor, inverter, load, and controller is needed. This article presents an object-based, numerically efficient gear contact in a planar environment wit

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El-Agroudy, Mohammed N., Mohammed I. Awad, and Shady A. Maged. "Soft Finger Modelling and Co-Simulation Control towards Assistive Exoskeleton Hand Glove." Micromachines 12, no. 2 (2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020181.

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The soft pneumatic actuators of an assistive exoskeleton hand glove are here designed. The design of the actuators focuses on allowing the actuator to perform the required bending and to restrict elongation or twisting of the actuator. The actuator is then modeled using ABAQUS/CAE, a finite element modeling software, and the open loop response of the model is obtained. The parameters of the actuator are then optimized to reach the optimal parameters corresponding to the best performance. Design of experiment (DOE) techniques are then approached to study the robustness of the system. Software-i

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Šolek, Peter, and Marek Maták. "An Active Control of the Thin-Walled Mechanical Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 611 (August 2014): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.611.22.

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This article deals with the influence of optimal actuator and sensor placement on the active control of thin-walled mechanical systems. The approach used for optimal actuator and sensor placement is based on the evaluation norms and. The optimal actuator and sensor placement satisfied the requirements on the controllability, observability and spillover prevention. The investigation of the optimal placement of actuators and sensors is demonstrated on the active vibration of the thin-walled two dimensional mechanical systems.

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Chaudhry, Z., and C. A. Rogers. "Enhanced Structural Control with Discretely Attached Induced Strain Actuators." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 4 (1993): 718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919260.

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A new configuration where induced strain actuators such as piezoelectric ceramic patches or shape memory alloys are attached to a structure at discrete points (as opposed to being bonded) is presented. This paper specifically addresses discretely attached induced strain actuators like piezoceramic and electrostrictive actuators which are available in the form of plates or patches, and includes actuator flexural stiffness considerations. When activated, such actuators deform along with the structure (like bonded actuators), but in this case the actuator and the structure are free to deform inde

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Chen, Tiegang, Yan Ke, Shengbin Qiu, Jun Jiang, Qiang Zhang, and Xiaoyong Zhang. "A novel non-embedded, adjustable, and flexible shape memory alloy actuator for variable-area exhaust nozzle actuation." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 2 (2023): 025009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127942.

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The actuator is a fundamental component for a variable-area exhaust nozzle. Conventional actuators for variable-area exhaust nozzles are hydraulic actuators and electric motors. However, they are heavy, large, and structurally complex. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are light, small, structurally simple, and have unique advantages not found in conventional actuators. However, SMA actuators occupy a large space in the radial direction and cannot be fixed to surfaces with different radii of curvature. Moreover, once designed, the actuating displacement of the actuator cannot be adjusted. To solve th

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Sun, Jin, Daozhou Zhang, Yang Zhang, Xinglong Zhu, Juntong Xi, and Yu-Dong Zhang. "Research on performance of rigid-hoop-reinforced multi-DOF soft actuator." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 6 (2021): 168781402110267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211026718.

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In order to improve the bearing capacity of soft actuators, this article presents the development of the rigid-hoop-reinforced (spring or steel hoop) multi-DOF soft actuator. The actuator is composed of a rotary module with spring reinforcement on the silicone rubber-based body and a bending module with steel hoop reinforcement on the body. Compared with fiber-reinforced actuators, the bearing capacities of rigid-hoop-reinforced actuators made of 65Mn spring steel are improved. The radial and the axial bearing capacity for the bending module and the rotary module is raised by 29.6%, 28.2%, 30.

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Choi, S. B., and D. Y. Lee. "Rotational Motion Control of a Washing Machine Using Electrorheological Clutches and Brakes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 7 (2005): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x31472.

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In this work, a rotational motion control of a washing machine featuring an electrorheological (ER) clutch/brake actuators is investigated. After analysing the field-dependent transmission and braking torques of the actuator on the basis of Bingham model, two sets of ER clutch/brake actuators are manufactured. The dynamic model of the actuators is then formulated by considering time constants. Subsequently, the actuators are applied to a small-sized pulsator type washing machine for rotational motion control. The control system model represented by spin-basket and pulsator motions is establish

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Wu, Qianqian, Honghao Yue, Rongqiang Liu, Liang Ding, and Zongquan Deng. "Parametric Design and Multiobjective Optimization of Maglev Actuators for Active Vibration Isolation System." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 215358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/215358.

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The microvibration has a serious impact on science experiments on the space station and on image quality of high resolution satellites. As an important component of the active vibration isolation platform, the maglev actuator has a large stroke and exhibits excellent isolating performance benefiting from its noncontact characteristic. A maglev actuator with good linearity was designed in this paper. Fundamental features of the maglev actuator were obtained by finite element simulation. In order to minimize the coil weight and the heat dissipation of the maglev actuator, parametric design was c

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Liu, B., and H. S. Tzou. "Distributed Photostrictive Actuation and Opto-Piezothermoelasticity Applied to Vibration Control of Plates." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no. 4 (1998): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893923.

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Conventional hard-wired sensor/actuator systems are likely sensitive to strong electromagnetic fields, cross-talks, electric noises, etc. Noncontact distributed opto-electromechanical actuators driven by high-energy lights do not require direct hardwire connections. These opto-electromechanical actuators can operate in hostile and extreme environments with strong magnetic and/or electric disturbances. In this study, detailed photostriction, pyroelectricity, thermoelasticity and photodeformation of 2-D opto-electromechanical photostrictive actuators are analyzed. A servo control system is propo

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Ventura, Erik, Cagri Oztan, Diego Palacios, Irene Isabel Vargas, and Emrah Celik. "Magnetically-doped polydimethylsiloxane for artificial muscle applications." Functional Materials Letters 13, no. 01 (2019): 1950089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604719500899.

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Artificial muscle actuators demonstrate great potential for improving the quality of life. Recently, polymer muscle actuators have attracted attention due to their inexpensive and highly versatile methods of fabrication along with decent mechanical properties that can mimic those of natural muscles. The aim of this research is to investigate the usability of a magnetite-doped polymer powder, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), for artificial muscle actuators through an inexpensive method of production. PDMS samples doped with different levels of magnetite were fabricated using molds that were produce

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Dauksher, Richard, Zachary Patterson, and Carmel Majidi. "Characterization and Analysis of a Flexural Shape Memory Alloy Actuator." Actuators 10, no. 8 (2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10080202.

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are popular as actuators for use in soft robots due to their high work density and compatibility with miniaturized on-board batteries and power electronics. However, because SMA actuators are activated through electrical Joule heating, they exhibit poor energy efficiency and low actuator frequencies that arise from long cool-down times. Moreover, in the case of SMA wires that are subject to flexural loading, their load capacity and mechanical work output decrease exponentially with decreasing cross-sectional area. In this study, we perform analytic and numerical anal

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Ferraresi, Carlo, Walter Franco, and Giuseppe Quaglia. "A novel bi-directional deformable fluid actuator." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 15 (2014): 2799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214522022.

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The deformable fluid actuators available on the market, i.e. pneumatic muscles and pneumatic springs, are designed to mainly exert compressive or tensile forces. This paper deals with a novel fluid deformable actuator, with three membranes, called BiFAc3, whose particular feature is the ability to exert both tensile and compressive forces. The structure of the actuator is based on three cylindrical coaxial nonisotropic membranes connected to two end plates, whose original shape allows the independent supply of the three internal chambers. The first part of the paper deals with the internal str

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Kaleta, Jerzy, Katarzyna Niemiec, and Przemysław Wiewiórski. "Testing Mechanical and Electrical Defects in Piezoceramic Materials Resulting from Ultrasonic Vibrations." Solid State Phenomena 240 (August 2015): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.240.11.

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The work presents recommendations related to the selection and installation of high power piezo ceramic rings dedicated to simultaneous power supply and data transmission for the purpose of extending life in their operation. Mechanical and electrical defects in piezoceramic elements of conical actuators were presented. The issue is important in the case when energy and information are transmitted at the same time using upper acoustic waves to autonomic wireless measurement nodes (WMN) in mechanical construction elements. A laboratory ultrasonic actuator was made and used to test ceramic rings.

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Tzou, H. S., W. K. Chai, and D. W. Wang. "Micro-Control Actions and Location Sensitivity of Actuator Patches Laminated on Toroidal Shells." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 126, no. 2 (2004): 284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1687398.

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Toroidal shell structures have been proposed for components of inflatable telescopes and space structures, etc. over the years. Thus, distributed control of toroidal shells becomes a critical issue in precision maneuver, operation, and reliability. The converse effect of piezoelectric materials has made it one of the best candidates for distributed actuators. The resultant control forces and micro-control actions induced by the distributed actuators depend on applied voltages, geometrical (e.g., spatial segmentation and shape) and material (i.e., various actuator materials) properties of the a

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Lan, Shaobin, and Zhibin Song. "Design of a New Nonlinear Stiffness Compliant Actuator and Its Error Compensation Method." Journal of Robotics 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7326905.

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Compliant actuators are more advantageous than stiff actuators in some circumstances, for example, unstructured environment robots and rehabilitation robots. Compliant actuators are more adaptive and safe. Constant stiffness compliant actuators have some limitations in impedance and bandwidth. Variable stiffness actuators improve their performance owing to introducing an extra motor to tune the stiffness of the actuators. However, they also have some limitations such as the bulky structure and heavy weight. It was also found that there are some waste functions existing in the current variable

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Pasquale, M. "Mechanical sensors and actuators." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 106, no. 1-3 (2003): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(03)00153-5.

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Georges, Thomas, Vladimir Brailovski, and Patrick Terriault. "Design of Active Bias Sma Actuators for Morphing Wing Applications." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.627.

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Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) can provide compact and effective actuation for a variety of mechanical systems. Generally speaking, SMA-driven actuator systems can be divided into three subsystems: a) SMA active element, b) the transmission and c) a bias element. In respect to the type of bias, two actuator configurations can be distinguished: passive bias actuators where the SMA active element is coupled with an elastic bias element (spring), and active bias actuators in which two SMA active elements are connected together. This work is focused on designing an SMA actuator using active bias eleme

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Basumatary, Kamal Kumar, Gaurav Kumar, Karuna Kalita, and Sashindra K. Kakoty. "Stability analysis of rigid rotors supported by gas foil bearings coupled with electromagnetic actuators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 2 (2019): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219877903.

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Rotors supported on gas foil bearings have low damping characteristics, which limits its application. A possible solution could be an integration of a gas foil bearing with an electromagnetic actuator. This paper discusses the effect of electromagnetic actuators on the stability of a rotor supported on gas foil bearings. A coupled dynamic model combining the dynamics of gas foil bearing and electromagnetic actuator has been developed. The fluid film forces from the gas foil bearings and the electromagnetic forces from the electromagnetic actuators are integrated into the equations of motion of

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Ma, Zhaoqi, and Dan Sameoto. "A Review of Electrically Driven Soft Actuators for Soft Robotics." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (2022): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111881.

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In recent years, the field of soft robotics has gained much attention by virtue of its aptness to work in certain environments unsuitable for traditional rigid robotics. Along with the uprising field of soft robotics is the increased attention to soft actuators which provide soft machines the ability to move, manipulate, and deform actively. This article provides a focused review of various high-performance and novel electrically driven soft actuators due to their fast response, controllability, softness, and compactness. Furthermore, this review aims to act as a reference guide for building e

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Zheng, Kai, and Xing Hui Dong. "Experimental Analysis of Electro-Mechanical Characterization of Piezoelectric Stack Actuators." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.28.

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This paper presents the results of experimental analysis and theoretical modeling of piezoelectric stack actuators. The focus of this paper is to understand the behavior of piezoelectric materials under the combined electro-mechanical loadings scenario, and to determine fundamental properties and optimum working conditions. Some parameters, including output displacement, hysteresis, output force and mechanical stiffness, are evaluated under varied pre-stress level and driven voltage values representative of in-service conditions. The measurements indicate strong dependence of the actuator piez

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Boutchich, M., T. J. Mamtora, G. J. McShane, I. Haneef, D. F. Moore, and J. A. Williams. "Force measurements on U-shaped electrothermal microactuators: Applications to packaging." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 1 (2008): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes664.

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The current paper critically reviews the prospects for the electrothermal actuation of elastic fixtures used as packaging elements for opto-electronic components. A convenient design methodology is presented together with a practical scheme for both prototyping out-of-plane bimorph actuators and measuring the vertical forces that they can deliver. A test bench has been assembled capable of measuring both the displacement and the restoring force delivered by such actuators which are patterned using laser micromachining of a bilayer consisting of 500 nm titanium tungsten (Ti-W) and 3 μm silicon

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