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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical constitutive law'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 12 April 2025

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1

May-Newman, K., and F. C. P. Yin. "A Constitutive Law for Mitral Valve Tissue." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834305.

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Biaxial mechanical testing and theoretical continuum mechanics analysis are employed to formulate a constitutive law for cardiac mitral valve anterior and posterior leaflets. A strain energy description is formulated based on the fibrous architecture of the tissue, accurately describing the large deformation, highly nonlinear transversely isotropic material behavior. The results show that a simple three-coefficient exponential constitutive law provides an accurate prediction of stress–stretch behavior over a wide range of deformations. Regional heterogeneity may be accommodated by spatially varying a single coefficient and incorporating collagen fiber angle. The application of this quantitative information to mechanical models and bioprosthetic development could provide substantial improvement in the evaluation and treatment of valvular disease, surgery, and replacement.

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2

Mahajan, Puneet, and Robert L. Brown. "A microstructure-based constitutive law for snow." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500011666.

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A constitutive theory of snow is developed to describe the mechanical properties of snow in terms of the properties of the ice grains and the necks that interconnect them. The principle of virtual work is used to calculate the stresses in the particles and necks. A number of different deformation mechanisms are investigated and, depending upon the deformation mechanism which is dominant for given load conditions, different equations are used to calculate the strains in the grains and necks. These strains around a representative ice grain are then averaged and scaled to obtain the global strains in the snow. The theory is then compared with experimental data to determine if the mechanical properties of snow can be adequately represented. Results show that the constitutive theory does work, but that it is cumbersome to implement, and that for practical use substantial computational capability is needed.

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3

Mahajan, Puneet, and Robert L. Brown. "A microstructure-based constitutive law for snow." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500011666.

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A constitutive theory of snow is developed to describe the mechanical properties of snow in terms of the properties of the ice grains and the necks that interconnect them. The principle of virtual work is used to calculate the stresses in the particles and necks. A number of different deformation mechanisms are investigated and, depending upon the deformation mechanism which is dominant for given load conditions, different equations are used to calculate the strains in the grains and necks. These strains around a representative ice grain are then averaged and scaled to obtain the global strains in the snow. The theory is then compared with experimental data to determine if the mechanical properties of snow can be adequately represented. Results show that the constitutive theory does work, but that it is cumbersome to implement, and that for practical use substantial computational capability is needed.

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4

Bacca, Mattia, and Robert M. McMeeking. "A viscoelastic constitutive law for hydrogels." Meccanica 52, no. 14 (February 8, 2017): 3345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0636-y.

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5

Liu, Qing Feng, Ning Chang Wang, Lan Yan, Feng Jiang, and Hui Huang. "The Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Oxygen Free Copper under the Impact Load." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.543.

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The dynamic mechanical properties of oxygen free copper has been tested under the different strain rate (4700s-1~21000s-1) at the room temperature by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), the true stress-true strain curves has been obtained. Power-Law constitutive model and Johnson-Cook constitutive model have been built to fit the experimental result from SHPB test of oxygen free copper, meanwhile, the constitutive model can be applied to the simulation analysis of cutting process. The results show that the oxygen free copper is sensitive to the strain rate. In addition, the Johnson-Cook constitutive model predicts the plastic flow stress of the oxygen free copper more accurately than the Power-Law constitutive model at the high strain rate.

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6

Horowitz, A., Y. Lanir, F. C. P. Yin, M. Perl, I. Sheinman, and R. K. Strumpf. "Structural Three-Dimensional Constitutive Law for the Passive Myocardium." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 110, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3108431.

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A three-dimensional constitutive law is proposed for the myocardium. Its formulation is based on a structural approach in which the total strain energy of the tissue is the sum of the strain energies of its constituents: the muscle fibers, the collagen fibers and the fluid matrix which embeds them. The ensuing material law expresses the specific structural and mechanical properties of the tissue, namely, the spatial orientation of the comprising fibers, their waviness in the unstressed state and their stress-strain behavior when stretched. Having assumed specific functional forms for the distribution of the fibers spatial orientation and waviness, the results of biaxial mechanical tests serve for the estimation of the material constants appearing in the constitutive equations. A very good fit is obtained between the measured and the calculated stresses, indicating the suitability of the proposed model for describing the mechanical behavior of the passive myocardium. Moreover, the results provide general conclusions concerning the structural basis for the tissue overall mechanical properties, the main of which is that the collagen matrix, though comprising a relatively small fraction of the whole tissue volume, is the dominant component accounting for its stiffness.

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7

Bischoff, J. E., E. A. Arruda, and K. Grosh. "A Microstructurally Based Orthotropic Hyperelastic Constitutive Law." Journal of Applied Mechanics 69, no. 5 (August 16, 2002): 570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1485754.

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A constitutive model is developed to characterize a general class of polymer and polymer-like materials that displays hyperelastic orthotropic mechanical behavior. The strain energy function is derived from the entropy change associated with the deformation of constituent macromolecules and the strain energy change associated with the deformation of a representative orthotropic unit cell. The ability of this model to predict nonlinear, orthotropic elastic behavior is examined by comparing the theory to experimental results in the literature. Simulations of more complicated boundary value problems are performed using the finite element method.

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8

Naderi, A., and AR Saidi. "Common nonlocal elastic constitutive relation and material-behavior modeling of nanostructures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 231, no. 2 (June 2017): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397791417712870.

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This article reviews conventional nonlocal elasticity constitutive relation which is frequently used for mechanical analyses of nanostructures. It is shown here that since this constitutive relation has been essentially derived based on infinite-body assumption, it cannot consider the nonlocal effects at all points of a nanoscale body accurately. Also, it is shown that although the nonlocal constitutive relations can potentially consider the surface effects, that constitutive relation has been obtained substantially by ignoring those effects. So, it cannot also consider the surface effects accurately. Therefore, the conventional nonlocal constitutive relation generally is not accurate for material-behavior modeling and consequently mechanical analysis of nanostructures. Furthermore, common nonlocal constitutive law is examined in buckling problem of Timoshenko beam-columns to show another limitation of that constitutive law. Finally, some special cases for which that constitutive relation can be used more accurately are proposed.

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9

Lin, D. H. S., and F. C. P. Yin. "A Multiaxial Constitutive Law for Mammalian Left Ventricular Myocardium in Steady-State Barium Contracture or Tetanus." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 504–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2798021.

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The constitutive law of the material comprising any structure is essential for mechanical analysis since this law enables calculation of the stresses from the deformations and vice versa. To date, there is no constitutive law for actively contracting myocardial tissue. Using 2,3-butanedione monoxime to protect the myocardium from mechanical trauma, we subjected thin midwall slices of rabbit myocardium to multiaxial stretching first in the passive state and then during steady-state barium contracture or during tetani in ryanodine-loaded tissue. Assuming transverse isotropy in both the passive and active conditions, we used our previously described methods (Humphrey et al., 1990a) to obtain both passive and active constitutive laws. The major results of this study are: (1) This is the first multiaxial constitutive law for actively contracting mammalian myocardium. (2) The functional forms of the constitutive law for barium contracture and ryanodine-induced tetani are the same but differ from those in the passive state. Hence, one cannot simply substitute differing values for the coefficients of the passive law to describe the active tissue properties. (3) There are significant stresses developed in the cross-fiber direction (more than 40 percent of those in the fiber direction) that cannot be attributed to either deformation effects or nonparallel muscle fibers. These results provide the foundation for future mechanical analyses of the heart.

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10

Francillette, H., A. Gavrus, and R. A. Lebensohn. "A constitutive law for the mechanical behavior of Zr 702α." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 142, no. 1 (November 2003): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00439-4.

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11

Alves, M. "Material Constitutive Law for Large Strains and Strain Rates." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 126, no. 2 (February 2000): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2000)126:2(215).

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12

Elhadrouz, Mourad, Tarak Ben Zineb, and Etienne Patoor. "Constitutive Law for Ferroelastic and Ferroelectric Piezoceramics." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 16, no. 3 (March 2005): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x05049650.

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13

Fafitis, A., and Y. H. Won. "A Stochastic Nonlinear Constitutive Law for Concrete." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226494.

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An incremental three-dimensional stress-strain relationship for concrete with induced anisotropy has been developed. The nonlinearity and path-dependency are modeled by expressing the elastic moduli at each increment as function of the octahedral and deviatoric strains, based on a uniaxial stochastic model developed earlier. Predictions of multiaxial response under proportional and nonproportional loading are in good agreement with experimental results.

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14

Carini, Angelo, and Osvaldo De Donato. "Inelastic Analysis by Symmetrization of the Constitutive Law." Meccanica 39, no. 4 (August 2004): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mecc.0000029361.81361.c5.

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15

Wang, Wei, Shi Yan, Gang Bing Song, and Li Jiao. "An Improved Two-Dimensional Constitutive Law for Shape Memory Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.429.

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An improved two-dimensional constitutive model for shape memory alloys (SMAs), which can describe both the shape memory effect (SME) and super elasticity effect (SE) of the SMAs, is developed in the paper based on the previous work of Boyd and Lagoudas, who used the thermodynamics theories of free energy and dissipation energy to derive the constitutive law of the SMAs. The improved model, which will combine the ideas of Brinsion’s one-dimensional constitutive law and the concepts of Boyd and Lagoudas’ two-dimensional one, has a simple but accurate expression. Two examples are used to numerically validate the efficiency of the improved model and the results of the simulations show that the developed constitutive model can qualitatively describe the thermo-mechanical behaviors of two-dimensional SMAs.

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16

Muhit, Imrose B., Mark G. Stewart, and Mark J. Masia. "Probabilistic constitutive law for masonry veneer wall ties." Australian Journal of Structural Engineering 23, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2021.2021628.

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17

Zhao, Weijia, and Liqun Chen. "Iterative algorithm for axially accelerating strings with integral constitutive law." Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 21, no. 5 (October 2008): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10338-008-0854-x.

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18

Wei, Zhang, and Nobuyuki Shimizu. "FE formulation for the viscoelastic body modeled by fractional constitutive law." Acta Mechanica Sinica 17, no. 4 (November 2001): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02487463.

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19

Boyle, J. T. "Stress relaxation and elastic follow-up using a stress range-dependent constitutive model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 6 (October 21, 2011): 1472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211425766.

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Despite the availability of detailed non-linear finite element analysis (FEA), some aspects of high-temperature design can still be best addressed through more simplified methods. One such simplified method relates to the problem of elastic follow-up where, typically in strain-controlled situations, elastic behaviour in one part of a structure can lead to large strain accumulation in another. Over the past 30 years, it has been shown that in regions with significant elastic follow-up, a plot of maximum stress against strain (a ‘stress-strain trajectory’) is virtually independent of the constitutive relation – a characteristic which can be used to estimate elastic follow-up for design purposes without detailed non-linear FEA. The majority of studies which have reported this independence on material behaviour have used simple constitutive models for creep strain, primarily based on power-law creep or variations. Recently, studies of the behaviour of high-temperature structures with a stress range-dependent constitutive law have begun to emerge. This article examines the problem of elastic follow-up using such a constitutive law for a classic two-bar structure and for a more complex structure using FEA. It is found that the independence of the stress–strain trajectory on constitutive equation is lost with a stress range-dependent relation.

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20

Glockner, P. G., and W. Szyszkowski. "Unified Constitutive Modelling of Nonlinear Time-Dependent Materials." Applied Mechanics Reviews 42, no. 11S (November 1, 1989): S78—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3152411.

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A semi-empirical engineering constitutive law modelling in a unified and continuous manner the main characteristic features of time-dependent materials, including creep, strain softening, relaxation and recovery and tensile brittleness, is briefly reviewed. The model, which contains 13 parameters, is a hereditary single Volterra-type integral representation of material response with stress/strain nonlinearity assumed in the form of a power law, the strain tensor dependent on the entire stress history and the stress-anisotropy/brittleness feature handled by means of a tensile-stress dependent damage function. The capability/versatility of the model is illustrated by examples for several materials.

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21

Ho, Kwangsoo. "A unified constitutive law for cyclic viscoplasticity." International Journal of Solids and Structures 46, no. 5 (March 2009): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.10.005.

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22

WU, Yadong, and Michihiko NAKAGAKI. "Constitutive Law for Particle Dispersed Composite and its Evaluation." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 64, no. 622 (1998): 1646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.64.1646.

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23

Lee, Choon Yeol, E. G. Donahue, and G. R. Odette. "Verification of Mechanical Properties of A V-4Cr-4Ti Alloy Using Finite Element Method." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1013.

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Vanadium alloys in the composition range around V-4Cr-4Ti have been proposed as candidate materials for fusion reactor applications and structures. These applications will require detailed characterization of constitutive and fracture properties. This study is aimed at understanding the basic constitutive and fracture mechanisms in vanadium alloys. Understanding of the basic constitutive and fracture mechanisms is achieved through a series of mechanical tests. These test results are combined with quantitative models of the underlying macro- and micromechanics. In addition to these experimental studies, finite element analysis (FEA) techniques are used to determine stress and strain fields to verify the constitutive law used in the fracture specimens.

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24

Assaad, Mahmoud C. "NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TSCHOEGL–CHANG–BLOCH NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE LAW FOR UNVULCANIZED CARBON BLACK–FILLED RUBBERS." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 97, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.24.273399.

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ABSTRACT Rubber engineering design analysis requires a fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of polymers, especially in their unvulcanized state. It necessitates the establishment of a three-dimensional constitutive material to account for the observed mechanical behavior. This law is required to produce realistic descriptions of the viscoelastic performance in a mathematically simple form that is easy to implement in engineering applications. This article describes the theory of the Tschoegl–Chang–Bloch time-dependent nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive law. The experimental verification of this law is provided under different deformation fields and multiple load steps. Laboratory test procedures to obtain the parameters required to describe the material under consideration are provided in detail. A recursive form of the constitutive law, suitable for finite element application, is derived and coded in the finite element commercial code Abaqus via the user subroutine UMAT. Comparisons between the experimental observations, the theoretical results, and the numerical data are drawn for simple test models examined under creep or shear relaxation conditions. The excellent agreements observed indicate the suitability of the governing law in analyzing viscoelastic problems of unvulcanized carbon black–filled rubbers.

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25

Salinas, Álvaro, Diego Celentano, Linton Carvajal, Alfredo Artigas, and Alberto Monsalve. "Microstructure-Based Constitutive Modelling of Low-Alloy Multiphase TRIP Steels." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020250.

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The microstructure of low-alloy multiphase transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels consists of ferrite, bainite, and metastable retained austenite, which can be transformed into martensite by plastic deformation. In some cases, residual martensite can be present in the initial microstructure. The mechanical behavior of these steels depends on the interaction between the intrinsic characteristics of the existing phases and the austenite stability. Due to these factors, the definition of their true stress-strain flow law is complex. This work presents the mechanical characterization of a phenomenological constitutive stress-strain flow law based on the Bouquerel et al. model, as evaluated for three TRIP steels of the same composition but undergoing different heat treatments. Morphological aspects of the existing phases, austenite stability, and suitable mixture laws between phases are considered. The model is found to accurately reproduce a true stress-strain flow law obtained under tensile uniaxial conditions and provide detailed information on the effective stress strain partition between the existing phases.

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26

Franceschini, Lorenzo, Francesca Vecchi, Francesco Tondolo, Beatrice Belletti, and Javier Sánchez Montero. "Mechanical behaviour of corroded strands under chloride attack: A new constitutive law." Construction and Building Materials 316 (January 2022): 125872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125872.

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27

Ertürk, Serkan, Wolfgang Brocks, Jan Bohlen, Dietmar Letzig, and Dirk Steglich. "A constitutive law for the thermo-mechanical modelling of magnesium alloy extrusion." International Journal of Material Forming 5, no. 4 (June 21, 2011): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-011-1055-6.

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28

Li, Ting Xiu, Yan Zhang, and Lin Hua Jiang. "Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Concrete under Uniaxial Stress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 3273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.3273.

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According to existing experimental results, a systematic analysis of stress–strain relation of concrete under uniaxial dynamic loading is carried out. Research shows that the dynamic loading rate has a direct effect on concrete strength and elastic parameters. Finally, a constitutive law is proposed in this paper.

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29

Inoue, Tatsuo. "Phenomenological Mechanism of Transformation Plasticity and the Constitutive Law Coupled with Thermo-Mechanical Plasticity." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 1351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.1351.

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Phenomenological mechanism of transformation plasticity is proposed in the first part of the paper by use of simple model why stress in mother phase increases to reach yielding due to progressing new phase and to induce plastic deformation even under small applied stress. Based on the discussion, a unified constitutive model including transformation-induced and ordinal thermomechanical plastic strain rates by introducing an effect of varying phases during phase transformation into yield function. Thus derived constitutive equation is applied to describe strain response under varying temperature and stress with some discussions as well as metallo-thermo-mechanical simulation of quenching.

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30

Yong, Li, Wu Jing'an, and Du Xingwen. "Viscoelastic Constitutive Model of Unvulcanized Rubber." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 7 (October 2005): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300709.

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Based on rheological test results, a new viscoelastic constitutive equation for unvulcanized rubber has been set up, with mathematical justification to describe its mechanical properties in relation to the yield stress and shear-thinning effect. In this model, every term or coefficient has an explicit physical meaning. The proposed model indicates that the yield stress is one of the main causes for the shear-thinning effect and reveals why some materials possess double-Newtonian regions with the shear viscosity in the first region higher than that in the second region. The yield stress makes the flow index of the power law fluid model vary widely, so that it needs to be eliminated from the power law fluid model. The model can also distinguish the true shear viscosity from the apparent shear viscosity effectively. The parameters of the equation are determined by the step fitting method, which is the precondition for quantitative analysis. However, the equation is a one-dimensional model, so further research is needed.

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31

Sun, Ji Yu, Yue Ming Wang, Dong Hui Chen, Jin Tong, and Chun Xiang Pan. "Differential Constitutive Equation of Elytra Cuticle by Nanoindentation." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 1133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.1133.

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Due to size limits in the transverse direction, tensile testing is not appropriate to investigate the mechanical properties of elytra cuticle of the dung beetle (Copris ochus Motschulsky). However, nanoindentation testing can determine a material’s anisotropic properties through a single indentation. In the present study, nanoindentation stress–strain curves were used to characterize the complete mechanical behavior of dung beetle elytra cuticle. A differential constitutive equation has been developed with time-dependent spring constants k and viscosities η . To describe the complex viscoelastic behavior of dung beetle cuticle, a descriptive representation of the linear viscoelasticity law for the multilayer matrix has been formulated. A qualitative model for the relationship between cuticle structure and mechanical properties of elytra may help develop bionic composite materials for micro-aircraft, bionic tribology, bionic medical apparatus, and bionic organs (tissue engineering).

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32

Neis, Vernon V. "New Constitutive Law for Equal Leg Fillet Welds." Journal of Structural Engineering 111, no. 8 (August 1985): 1747–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1985)111:8(1747).

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33

Song, Fei, Guanghui Duan, Huaning Wang, Alfonso Rodriguez-Dono, and Yimiao Wei. "Hydro-mechanical analysis of slope stability using anisotropic constitutive model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1335, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1335/1/012035.

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Abstract This study introduces a novel and robust numerical approach to analyzing rainfall-induced landslide hazards, incorporating coupled hydro-mechanical behavior, anisotropic properties of unsaturated geomaterials, and soil–atmosphere interaction. The advanced hyperbolic Mohr-Coulomb model with anisotropy is adopted for mechanical responses, while generalized Darcy’s law is employed for hydraulic behaviors. This approach allows for anisotropic specification of hydromechanical properties like stiffness, strength, and intrinsic permeability. Atmospheric boundary conditions enable analysis of soil–atmosphere interactions, encompassing infiltration and runoff during extreme rainfall. Parametric analyses were conducted to evaluate slope safety factors under various anisotropic angles.

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34

Reddy, B. D., and J. B. Martin. "Internal Variable Formulations of Problems in Elastoplasticity: Constitutive and Algorithmic Aspects." Applied Mechanics Reviews 47, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 429–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3111086.

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This work surveys a broad range of related issues in quasistatic elastoplasticity, beginning with a development of an internal variable constitutive theory. The initial-boundary value problem is then considered, and the remainder of the work is concerned with the properties of the time-discrete problem. It is shown how this discrete problem has associated with it a holonomic constitutive law (that is, one relating stress to strain or strain increment), and this holonomic law in turn forms the basis of a solution algorithm. Conditions for the convergence of the algorithm are discussed. The entire treatment applies to the spatially continuous problem.

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35

Baranger, Emmanuel. "Building of a reduced constitutive law for ceramic matrix composites." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 22, no. 8 (March 27, 2013): 1222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789513482338.

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36

Bruhns, O. T., and M. Pitzer. "Some remarks on integration procedures for a viscoplastic constitutive law." International Journal of Plasticity 7, no. 4 (January 1991): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-6419(91)90034-v.

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37

Rovati, Marco, and Alberto Taliercio. "On the adjoint constitutive law in nonlinear elastic optimal design." Meccanica 22, no. 3 (September 1987): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01556884.

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38

Kazuhiro, Hayashi. "Constitutive Law of Rectangular Concrete with Carbon Fiber Sheet Confinement." Key Engineering Materials 942 (March 24, 2023): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-d99uxg.

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This paper investigates the stress-strain relationship of a rectangular cross-section concrete element reinforced with Carbon fiber Sheet (CFS). In order to verify the confinement effect of the carbon fiber sheet over the concrete, an experiment was conducted using concrete elements with CFS by changing the ratio of side length of the cross section, the ratio of the height to the short side and the amount of CFS layers. In total, 16 concrete specimens were tested under compressive monotonic loading. In the experiment, the compressive strength decreases, and the ultimate strain increases as the ratio of side length increases. Furthermore, we proposed an evaluation formula for a rectangular cross-section concrete element reinforced with CFS. The proposed formula corresponds well to the experimental results.

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39

Ott, Ingrid, R. Kienzler, and R. Schröder. "Aging in the cortical bone: a constitutive law and its application." Archive of Applied Mechanics 80, no. 5 (January 14, 2010): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-009-0381-3.

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40

Sano`, T., and G. Di Pasquale. "A Constitutive Model for High Damping Rubber Bearings." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 117, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842090.

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Some simplified 1-degree-of-freedom (1-dof) constitutive models suitable for the simulation of high damping rubber bearings are analyzed. The well-known equivalent elastic and bilinear models are compared with a version of the Davidenkov-Martin law modified by the authors. The seismic behavior of an isolated structure is analyzed using the different models and the results are compared. The predictions obtained by means of the proposed law are also compared with experimental snap-back test results.

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41

Jia, Bin, Zheng Liang Li, Jun Lin Tao, and Chun Tao Zhang. "The Dynamic Mechanical Constitutive Equation of Concrete under High Temperture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 782–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.782.

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Based on the test by the split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB), in this papaer the research on the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete under high temperture has been conducted, the influence law of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical peoperties has been analyzed, and the dynamic stress-strain curves of concrete under high temperature have been obtained. Analysis indicate that the concrete strain rate hardening effect is coupled with the high temperature weakening effect. Therefore, on the basis of classical damage theoretical model, in accordance with the concrete high-temperature dynamic mechanical characteristics, a unified equation is established to describe the whole process of concrete dynamic stress-strain relationship under high temperature, which is well coincided with the test results.

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Abadi, Mohammad Tahaye. "Viscoelastic Characterization of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Composites at Finite Strain." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.603.

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A viscoelastic model is developed to describe the mechanical response of fiber-reinforced elastomeric composites at large deformation. A continuum approach is used to model the macroscopic mechanical behavior of elastomeric materials reinforced with unidirectional fibers, in which the resin and fibers are regarded as a single homogenized anisotropic material. The anisotropic viscoelastic constitutive model is developed considering transient reversible network theory. An efficient computational algorithm based on micromechanical modeling is proposed to relate the material parameters of constitutive model to the mechanical properties of composite constituents at finite strain. The microstructure is identified by a representative volume element (RVE) and it is subjected to large deformation with considering the conformity of opposite boundaries. The material parameters of the viscoelastic constitutive law are determined based on the response of heterogeneous microstructure which is examined under different loading conditions.

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Yu, L., Shou Wen Yu, and Xi Qiao Feng. "A Phenomenological Constitutive Model of Ferroelectrics with Gradual Domain Switching." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.813.

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In this paper, a phenomenological, nonlinear constitutive relation of ferroelectric ceramics is established by considering the fact that domain switching happens gradually with the external loading. A simplified gradual switching model is suggested and implemented into the constitutive law of ferroelectric materials. The volume fraction of domain switching is used as the internal variable in the model, and its evolution equation with mechanical/electrical loading is given. Comparison with experimental results shows that this simple constitutive model can predict the nonlinear hysteresis responses of ferroelectric materials.

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Zhang, J., Z. Lin, A. Wong, N. Kikuchi, V. C. Li, A. F. Yee, and G. S. Nusholtz. "Constitutive Modeling and Material Characterization of Polymeric Foams." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 119, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812258.

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In this study, mechanical properties of three types of polymeric foams (polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyurethane (PU) foams) are investigated. Focus has been placed on the strain rate and temperature effects on these foams under large deformations. Selected experimental results from uniaxial compression, hydrostatic compression, and simple shear tests are presented. A phenomenological hydrodynamic elastoplastic constitutive law is developed to model these polymeric foams. Numerical implementation and validation of the constitutive model are also described.

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Besnea, Maria Aida Cristina, Dan Catalin Trufasu, Adrian Cotet, and Gabriel Andrei. "Identification of Mechanical Behavior Law Parameters for Polyphenylene Sulphide Composites Reinforced by Glass/Carbon Fibers, Graphite and Polytetrafluoroethylene." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.531.

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Mechanical behaviour law for thermoplastic polymers was established on the basis of phenomenological models. This work is intended to examine whether a constitutive equation used for thermoplastic polymers could be applied in case of their composites. G’Sell-Jonas model gave good results when used for the prediction of stress-strain characteristics at high strain rate, for semi-crystalline polymers subjected to mechanical tests. Data obtained through compressive test of polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) composites were processed by a numerical algorithm based on G’Sell-Jonas constitutive equations. Besides, a comparative analysis of experimental results and numerical model was done. The study showed clearly a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.

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Rahma, Afif. "Modélisation du comportement du milieu granulaire en fonction de l'écrasement des grains." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t97-083.

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The influence of grain crushing under high stress levels is introduced in the elasto-plastic constitutive law (Hujeux's model) using additional variables that change with the physical and mechanical properties of the grains. These variables are defined as functions of the amount of dissipated plastic work, which is proposed as a parameter for describing the material yield. The results of computer simulations along oedometric and triaxial paths indicate a very good agreement between the experimental curves and the numerical solutions. The proposed modifications are therefore validated.Key words: correlation, grain crushing, constitutive law, modelization, plastic work.[Journal translation]

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Chen, Ke, and Jian Ping Lin. "Material Modeling and Correlative Mechanical Testing on AHSS Sheet Forming Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 337 (September 2011): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.198.

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The finite element method is widely used to numerically simulate sheet forming processes. The increasing use of advanced high strength steel (AHSS) sheet places an increased demand on accuracy of forming simulation and springback prediction. Appropriate identification and characterization of material behavior are of vital importance to improve the simulation accuracy. An overview of yield criteria and hardening laws of material constitutive models are presented in this work. Because of the anisotropic yield behavior and Bauschinger effect of AHSS sheet materials, suitable anisotropic yield model in combination with anisotropic hardening law is one essential component for successful AHSS sheet forming simulation and springback prediction. Necessary mechanical tests for determination of parameters of material constitutive models are given in this paper, the advantages and already known limitations of different test procedures are also discussed. Recommendations on choose or further improve the constitutive models are given for enhance the efficiency and accuracy of AHSS sheet forming simulation.

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Fafitis, A., and Y. H. Won. "A Multiaxial Stochastic Constitutive Law for Concrete: Part I—Theoretical Development." Journal of Applied Mechanics 59, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899518.

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An incremental three-dimensional constitutive relation for concrete has been developed. The linear anisotropic and path-dependent behavior is modeled by updating the stiffness matrix at each load increment. The material is assumed incrementally elastic and the six elastic moduli E11, E12 .... E33 are expressed in terms of both the tangential hydrostatic and deviatoric stiffness whereas the three tangential shear moduli are expressed in terms of the deviatoric stiffness only. The hydrostatic and deviatoric stiffness are determined from uniaxial stress-strain relationships by employing the space truss concept. The unaxial stress-strain relationships are in a sense the stress-strain relationships of the members of the truss, and they were based on a rheological stochastic model developed earlier. The predictions of the model compare favorably with experimental data reported by various investigators. Complex loading paths are reproduced with acceptable accuracy as is demonstrated in the second part of this paper.

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EYINK, GREGORY L. "A turbulent constitutive law for the two-dimensional inverse energy cascade." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 549, no. -1 (February 8, 2006): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112005007883.

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Zhang, Xingchen, Jianen Gao, Minmin Qiang, Haochen Zhang, Xinghua Li, Shaobo Long, Zhe Gao, and Henghui Fan. "Mechanical Characterization and Constitutive Modeling of Nano-Stabilized Soil under Uniaxial Compression." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041488.

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The stress–strain constitutive model under uniaxial compression is a basic element and important characterization method for determining physical and mechanical properties in cement-based materials research. In this study, a stress–strain constitutive model under uniaxial compression was established, which was based on a new nano-stabilized soil (NSS) through typical mechanical tests and constitutive relationship research. The results indicate that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the nano-stabilized soil was enhanced with the increase in curing period and nano-stabilizer dosage, and that the strength growth rate reaches the maximum at a 12% dosage in the tested samples. The UCS of NSS under a 12% dosage is about 10~15% higher than that of ordinary stabilized soil (SS) without nano doping, and 25~40% higher compared with grade 42.5 cement-soil. The established constitutive model could accurately describe the linear-elastic and elastic-plastic deformation characteristics of NSS under uniaxial compression, which will be conducive to revealing the curve variation law of the stress–strain process. The research results could provide scientific support for the theoretical innovation and engineering application of green environmental protection materials.

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