Journal articles: 'Mechanical constructional steel'

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Jung, Jae Hyuk, Sun Gil Kim, and Bruno C. De Cooman. "Mechanical Properties of Micro-Alloyed TRIP Steel." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.242.

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The micro-alloying concepts have been widely used as a way to optimize the microstructure evolution and improve mechanical properties of conventional constructional steels. In the current study, the effect of micro-alloying on the properties of a multi-phase TRIP steel is analyzed. The micro-alloying of TRIP steel was found to lead to an increase of the yield stress rather than the tensile strength. A physical metallurgical explanation of the effect is proposed.

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Lutsenko, V. A., E. V. Parusov, T. N. Golubenko, O. V. Lutsenko, O. V. Parusov, I. N. Chuiko, L. S. Sahura, and A. I. Sivak. "The interrelation of the chemical composition and mechanical properties of constructional alloyed steels." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 32 (2018): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2018-32-328-335.

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The aim of the work is to determine the content intervals of alloying elements in structural alloyed steels, which ensure the obtaining of mechanical properties and the conformity of rolled products to the requirements of European standards. The studies were conducted using a predictive model developed by the Iron and Steel Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, taking into account the full chemical composition of the steel. The regularities of changes in the interatomic interaction parameter on the number of alloying elements in the steel composition and its relationship with mechanical properties are revealed. The dependences of mechanical properties (tensile strength, relative elongation) on the chemical composition of steel are constructed through the physicochemical criterion – the average statistical distance between interacting atoms (structural parameter d). The interrelation between the chemical composition and mechanical properties of chrome-molybdenum structural steels has been established. It is shown that increasing the chromium content increases the tensile strength, and doping with molybdenum and vanadium increases the ductility of rolled products. It was determined that in order to guarantee compliance with the requirements of the ultimate strength (900-1100 MPa) and relative elongation (> 11%) for steel 31CrMoV9, the content of alloying elements should correspond to the following intervals: 2.42-2.62%Cr, 0.2-0, 23%Mo and 0.17-0.20%V. The results obtained make it possible to predict the mechanical properties of doped steel, depending on the actual chemical composition of the steel.

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Borek, Wojciech, Tomasz Linek, Tomasz Tański, Mieczysław Pancielejko, and Marcin Staszuk. "Mechanical and Functional Properties of Cavitation Generators with PVD Functional Coatings Intended for Use in the Cavitation Environment." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.234.

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The main purpose of this publication was to describe in details the correlation between microhardness and scratch test results of the tested coatings deposited by PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) method on the cavitation generators working in cavitation environment. First coating in the form of composite layer CrN+WC/C and second WC/C plate coating were deposited on two selected steels which already are used or can be use on constructional elements working in a cavitation wear environment. Steel P265GH is commonly used for pressure devices working at elevated temperatures, with a ferritic – pearlitic structure, and the other tested steel from a group of stainless steels, i.e. chromium – nickel X2CrNi18-9 (304L) steel with an austenitic structure due to its corrosion resistance, it can also be used in these conditions. The tests results obtained allow to conclude composite CrN+WC/C coating exhibit better adhesion than WC/C plate coatings deposited on the both tested constructional steels. A critical load value for the CrN+WC/C coating spans between 29 and 34N and is 35-40% higher than for the plate WC/C coating.

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Dobrzański, Leszek Adam, Wojciech Borek, and Janusz Mazurkiewicz. "Influence of Thermo-Mechanical Treatments on Structure and Mechanical Properties of High-Mn Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1127 (October 2015): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1127.113.

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The aim of this paper is to determine the high-manganese austenite propensity to twinning induced by the cold working and its effect on structure and mechanical properties, and especially the strain energy per unit volume of new-developed high-manganese Fe – Mn – (Al, Si) investigated steel, containing about 24,5 % of manganese, 1% of silicon, 3 % of aluminium and microadditions Nb and Ti with various structures after their heat- and thermo-mechanical treatments. The new-developed high-manganese Fe – Mn – (Al, Si) steel provide an extensive potential for automotive industries through exhibiting the twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) mechanisms. TWIP steel not only show excellent strength, but also have excellent formability due to twinning, thereby leading to excellent combination of strength, ductility, and formability over conventional dual phase steels or transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels. Results obtained for high-manganese austenitic steel with the properly formed structure and properties in the thermo-mechanical processes indicate the possibility and purposefulness of their employment for constructional elements of vehicles, especially of the passenger cars to take advantage of the significant growth of their strain energy per unit volume which guarantee reserve of plasticity in the zones of controlled energy absorption during possible collision resulting from activation of twinning induced by the cold working as the fracture counteraction factor, which may result in significant growth of the passive safety of these vehicles' passengers.

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Hanus, Petr, and Eva Schmidová. "The Possibilities of Evaluating the Yield Strength in the Heat Affected Zones of a Weld through Indentation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 368 (July 2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.368.20.

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The research focuses on elastic-plastic behaviour of welded joints of materials which are commonly used in both constructional practice and the automotive industry. The examined welded joints are oriented to a common constructional S355 and a modern high-strength steel DOMEX 700MC.The main tool for the assessment of the elastic-plastic response was the methodology based on the instrumented penetration testing with the use of a cylindrical indenter. The indentation tool was applied into narrow zones of welded boundaries. These zones represent critical areas of welded constructions because of a changing structure and different mechanical properties than the basic material possesses. The indentation data were recalculated to the mechanical properties in shear with the help of Hencky ́s hypotheses about material behaviour. The correctness of the used methodology was verified by a tensile test. The aim of the work is to determine optimal methods for defining a yield strength and to find a hardening trend in the zones. The comparison of these steels revealed different changes due to the welding process. A substantial decrease of the yield strength of Domex700MC was observed, as a contrary to a stable, or partially increased, yield strength of the S355 steel. Structural analyses revealed a different material response of the evaluated steels, according to a different hardness in the heat affected zone.

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Dyja, Henryk, Bartosz Koczurkiewicz, and Marcin Knapiński. "The Analyze of Phase Transformations in Ultra Fine Grained Constructional Steel." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2610.

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In the present work, low-carbon ultra grained constructional low-alloyed steel were subjected to thermo-mechanical treatment for modification of microstructure. It shows that microstructure after thermo-mechanical treatment is quite dependent on the alloy composition, conditions of hot deformation, grain size of austenite and cooling rate. The research was provide by using the computer program for thermo and thermo – mechanical treatment. The most optimal variant of heat treatment and thermo – mechanical deformation were obtained. The verifications were provided by the dilatometer with possibility of deformation DIL 805A/D.

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Fu, Jian Xun, Tao Li, Eng Yu Zhu, and Chang Jin Wu. "Technological Process of 500MPa Hot-Rolled Ribbed Steel Bar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.35.

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During the state when China’s economy is highly developed and the investing for engineering construction is growing year by year, high strength steel bar has become the most wildly used constructional materials for architecture. 500MPa hot-rolled ribbed steel bar satisfied the requirements for quake-proof and wide-span construction materials for it’s high strength, good ductility and good weldability, 500MPa hot-rolled ribbed steel bar can be produced through different methods, such as micro-alloying, TMCP (thermo mechanical control process), post-rolling residual heat heattreatment. Microalloying process increased the strength and toughness, but the weldability decreased. TMCP and post-rolling residual heat heat-treatment can save the cost of micro-alloying elements, while the demand of equipment is much higher.

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Badji, R., B. Belkessa, H. Maza, M. Bouabdallah, Brigitte Bacroix, and C. Kahloun. "Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.217.

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Duplex stainless steels 2205 are widely used in constructional and petrochemical applications because of their good mechanical and corrosion properties. The objective of this work was to study the influence of aging at high temperature on the austenite and d ferrite equilibrium. After welding by TIG process, duplex stainless steel was aged in the range of 800 – 1150 °C temperatures for 60 min. The microstructure was characterized by metallography and X-ray methods. The toughness of welded structure was also measured.

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Chen, Ju, Yongguang Xiong, Yingqi Zhou, Wen Xue, and Weiliang Jin. "Deterioration of mechanical properties of novel constructional steel material at elevated temperatures." Procedia Engineering 27 (2012): 1602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.627.

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Fedoseev, S. N. "Steel GX120Mn12 Modifying by Ultra Disperse Powders of Refractory Metal Oxides." Applied Mechanics and Materials 770 (June 2015): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.770.49.

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The article provides a consideration of the technology of producing steel GX120Mn12 with high manganese content modified by the special modifier to improve constructional durability of details manufactured. The ultra disperse powder of refractory metal oxides was used to carry out the process of modifying. The samples were produced in the series of cast and tested mechanically. Structural research demonstrated improvement of steel microstructure and that of its mechanical characteristics. It also revealed that the size of austenite grain and nonmetallic inclusions on borders of grains were reduced, and sulphide inclusions were dissolved partially. It has positive impact on work characteristics of this steel.

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Linek, Tomasz, Tomasz Tański, and Wojciech Borek. "Influence of Applied CrN+WC/C and WC/C Coatings on the Cavitation Wear Processes of Constructional Elements." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.62.

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When designing the individual subassemblies of machines or entire devices one has to draw special attention to the resistance of the elements working there, to tribological damages (mechanical, fatigue, adhesion, abrasion, hydrogen and other damages) as well as to non-tribological damages (corrosion, diffusion, cavitation, erosion, ablation and others). The main purpose of this publication was to examine the influence of the applied CrN+WC/C and WC/C protective coating deposited by PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) method on the cavitation wear processes of construction elements working in difficult cavitation environment. Two steels were selected for detailed examinations in the conditions of cavitation wear. The first one is P265GH steel commonly used for pressure devices working at elevated temperatures, with a ferritic – pearlitic structure, and the other derives from a group of stainless steels, i.e. chromium – nickel X2CrNi18-9 (304L) steel with an austenitic structure. The tests results obtained allow to conclude that the application of special low – friction protective coatings allows to reduce costs associated with selection of engineering materials for a substrate of constructional elements working in a cavitation wear environment. P265GH steel is 4.5 times cheaper than austenitic chromium – nickel X2CrNi18-9 (304L) steel, and if a CrN+WC/C and WC/C coating is deposited in this case, this considerably extends the working time of such elements in a cavitation environment.

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Skakov, Mazhyn, Erlan Batyrbekov, Laila Zhurerova, and Michael Scheffler. "Microstructure and Microhardness Changes of 30CrMnSiA Steel Modified Surface Layers by Electrolyte-Plasma Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.824.

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This work is devoted to research of 30CrMnSiA steel structurally modified surface layers and study of electrolyte-plasma treatment parameters influence on changing peculiarities of structural-phase state and also the increase of constructional 30CrMnSi steel operating ability. The chosen technology leads to the formation of stable ferrite-pearlite structures in 30CrMnSi steel surface layers, provides high mechanical properties. As for the basic experimental methods of research in the work we used metallographic analysis applying optical microscope «NEOPHOT-21» and «AXIOPHOT-2», Х-ray analysis on the diffractometer ХPertPRO in monochromatic CuKα-radiation, mechanical tests for microhardness on PMT-3М installation. It is established that microstructure of 30CrMnSi steel modified layers samples while different processing modes, consists of α - phase, iron carbides. Using technology of structural steels electrolytic-plasma cementation under arc discharge terms in the electrolyte, we get diffusive surface layer with increased microhardness parameters and wear resistance providing good operating ability for details often subjected to wear.

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Fedoseev, S. N., D. V. Lychagin, and A. S. Sharafutdinova. "Improving Characteristics of Austenitic Steels by Modification." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.236.

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The article considers the technology for producing GX120Mn13 steel with high manganese content altered by a special modifier in order to improve the constructional durability of the manufactured parts. The ultra-dispersed powder of refractory metal oxides is used for the modification process. The samples are produced in the series of casting and tested mechanically. The structural research demonstrates the improvement of the steel microstructure and its mechanical characteristics. It has also revealed that the size of an austenite grain and nonmetallic inclusions on grain boundaries are reduced, and sulphide inclusions are partially dissolved, which has a positive impact on the operation characteristics of the steel.

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Kwon, In Kyu. "Analytic Study of Structural Stability for H-Section Column Made of Submarine Structural Steels Based on Boundary Conditions and Column Lengths at High Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.367.

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Structural steels require performance, such as structural performance, constructional one, and fire performance as an efficient constructional material. However, structural steels have a fundamental weakness in a fire and need to improve constructional performance of welding which resulted in the development submarine structural steels, such as SM 400, SM 490, and SM 520. Their yield strengths are the same as general structural steels, but the weldability was better. Therefore, the application of submarine structural steels increases in steel building market annually. However, the fire resistance performance isnt determined when these are used as main materials in H-section columns in the case of different boundary conditions and different column lengths. In this paper, to confirm and suggest a new guideline for fire protective materials, an advanced engineering design was used with mechanical properties at high temperature and a heat stress analysis. The findings showed that fire resistance of H-section columns with longer lengths and other boundary conditions are determined to satisfy the fire resistance performance if the fire protective materials derived from 3500mm in length and hinge to hinge boundary condition apply to longer column lengths and other boundary conditions.

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Lesiuk, Grzegorz, Mikolaj Katkowski, José Correia, Abilio M. P. de Jesus, and Wojciech Blazejewski. "Fatigue crack growth rate in CFRP reinforced constructional old steel." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-08-2017-0050.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to observe an influence of different Composite Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) patches, whose application to metals is very easy, in suppling and significantly elongating the service time; and second, the numerical calculation of the reduced stress intensity factor (SIF) range for strengthened cracked steel specimens. Design/methodology/approach One of the successful strengthening methods is the CFRP patching along the fatigue crack paths. The presented approach has been studied and discussed in this paper on the background of the numerical and experimental data. As it was expected, the proposed strengthening method is efficient and promising in case of the “immediate” repairs of critical members with cracks. The manufacturing process of specimens and test methodology as well as numerical approach to calculate SIFs for various reinforcements of steel specimens are presented. For this purpose, the Extended Finite Element Method was involved and described. Findings The main mechanism of fatigue crack growth retardation is associated with local ΔK reduction due to CFRP patches; any type of reinforcement results in an increase in af and a significant decrease in SIF values. The beach-marking method is described as a good, reliable and comprehensive method to capture the crack propagation in structures consisting of various materials and could be applied successfully for mixed mode testing. Originality/value A detailed experimental-numerical approach for fatigue crack growth in long-term operated structures made of steel is presented. The strengthening methodology is presented with consideration of the various CFRP patches configurations.

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Kussa, Roman, Ihor Kushchenko, Volodymyr Andilakhai, Ivan Petryshynets, Vasily Efremenko, and Vadym Zurnadzhy. "Austenite Transformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Constructional V, Nb-Alloyed TRIP-Assisted Steel." Key Engineering Materials 864 (September 2020): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.864.241.

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The present article is aimed at studying the austenite transformation kinetics and tensile properties of constructional 0.2 wt%C-Si2Mn2CrMoVNb TRIP-assisted steel subjected to isothermal holding in the subcritical temperature range (350-650 °C with the step of 50 °C) after intercritical annealing at 770 °C. The study was fulfilled using optical microscopy (OLYMPUS GX-71), electron scanning microscopy (JEOL JSM-), dilatometric analysis, tensile testing, Vickers hardness measurements. The critical temperatures of the steel were found to be Ac1=750-760 °C and Ac3=930 °C. The results showed that austenite demonstrated increased stability to pearlite and bainite transformations with an incubation period of decades of seconds at any of the mentioned temperatures. The bainitizing treatment at 400 °C with holding of 300-600 s resulted in ferrite/bainite/retained austenite structure with precipitates of nanosized carbide (V,Nb)C providing an improved combination of mechanical properties as compared to direct quenching (YS=548-555 MPa, UTS=908-1000 MPa, total elongation=16-18 %, PSE index=14.6-18.0 GPa%, YS/UTS ratio=0.55-0.60). The contributions of different strengthening components were estimated in order to reveal the benefits of a multi-phase microstructure for constructional applications.

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Mańka, Eugeniusz, Małgorzata Słomion, and Maciej Matuszewski. "Constructional Features of Ropes in Functional Units of Mining Shaft Hoist." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2018-0011.

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AbstractIn this paper structural analysis of steel ropes applied in mining shaft hoists was conducted. Functions of the ropes which they fulfilled in these shaft hoists were identified. Expected operational features of ropes were indicated too. An analysis was carried out four identified groups of ropes: hoisting ropes, balance ropes, leading rope and fender ropes. Basic constructional features: geometrical and material of ropes, which they should be characterized in each of mentioned functional groups were indicated. Constructional structures of mentioned steel ropes, the most often applied in domestic mining shaft hoists were described. Observed tendencies in analyzed issues also were shown.

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Kang, Jian, Guo Yuan, and Zhao Dong Wang. "Control of Yield Ratio Based on Ultra Fast Cooling and Mechanical Behaviors of High Strength Aseismic Steel." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.505.

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The new generation TMCP process based on ultra fast cooling has recently developed rapidly. In order to develop the low yield ratio constructional steel, the effects of cooling finishing temperature on microstructure and yield ratio of steels were studied primarily. The results show that the high strength and low yield ratio can be achieved by multiphase including M-A hard second phase and bainite ferrite soft matrix. When UFC final temperature is 521°C, the uniform M-A phases with volume fraction of 22.5% are distributed on bainite ferrite matrix, and then the yield strength is 570MPa, tensile strength 760MPa, yield ratio 0.75, and percentage elongation 22% with the Charpy impact energy 284J at -40°C. All these indexes come up to the relevant standards. The steel with lower yield ratio can be subjected to larger plastic deformation before the necking instability.

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Vagaská, Alena, Jozef Kmec, and Erika Fechová. "The Influence of Strain Rate on the Curves of Natural Strain Resistance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.589.

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In the area of manufacture qualities of constructional materials special emphasis on knowledge of physical fundamentals of mechanical, electrical, chemical and magnetic properties of substances is put. The paper deals with material properties of steel sheet metals at various strain rates.

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Mietz, J., A. Burkert, J. Lehmann, A. Burkert, and G. Eich. "Galvanised constructional elements in contact with prestressing steel tendons." Materials and Corrosion 59, no. 2 (February 2008): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.200804114.

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Zatkalíková, Viera, and Lenka Markovičová. "Corrosion Resistance of Nitric Acid Passivated Cr-Ni-Mo Stainless Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.196.

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Austenitic stainless steels are considered materials with excellent corrosion resistance, and with acceptable mechanical properties. Therefore they are recommended for various constructional, industrial and biomedical applications. However they are prone to the pitting corrosion in aggressive chloride environments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the corrosion resistance of AISI 316Ti stainless steel with nitric acid passivated surface at the temperature range 22 – 80 °C in 1M acidic chloride solution. Evaluation of the corrosion resistance is based on the results of exposition immersion tests (visual and microscopic observation of attacked surfaces, mass losses of specimens) and the results of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests.

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Borisova, Maria, Sofia P. Yakovleva, and Afanasiy M. Ivanov. "Equal Channel Angular Pressing, its Effect on Structure and Properties of the Constructional Steel St3." Solid State Phenomena 114 (July 2006): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.114.97.

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The steel St3 was processed by equal channel angular pressing. The structure and properties of the steel after two ECAP passes were determined. The different routes (Bc and C) resulted in different microstructure evolution during the equal channel angular pressing. It has been shown that equal channel angular pressing is a very suitable method for produce materials with good mechanical properties.

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Skakov, Mazhyn, Laila Zhurerova, and Michael Scheffler. "Way of Hardening Surface Coating of Details from Steel 30CrMnSi in Electrolytic Plasma." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.178.

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The present work is devoted research of influence of various modes of electrolytic-plasma cementation on feature of change a structurally-phase conditions and hardening of a constructional steel 30CrMnSi. It is chosen scientifically proved low-power and resources-economy a processing kind which leads to formation stable ferrite-perlites structures, provides higher mechanical properties. Cementation process carried out with selection of different modes of electrolytic-plasma processing in the electrolyte containing water solution of 10 % of sodium carbonate and 10 % of glycerin. As the basic methods of research in work we used metallographic the analysis with microscope application «NEOPHOT-21», X-ray analysis on diffractometer Х’PertPRO in monochromatic CrKα - radiation, tests for microhardness for device PMT-3. It is established that a microstructure of samples steel 30CrMnSi at different modes of processing consist from α - phases, particle carbides. Microhardness of the initial sample makes approximately 3000 МPа, and after processing its microhardness makes 6100 МPа that speaks about of a processing mode. The developed technology of electrolytic-plasma cementation of constructional steels in the conditions of the arc category in electrolyte is the optimal as provides reliable quality and demanded properties of details, working in variable loadings and often exposed to wear, forms the strengthened, modified surface coating.

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Skakov, Mazhyn, Laila Zhurerova, and Michail Scheffler. "Influence of Regimes Electrolytic-Plasma Processing on Phase Structure and Hardening of Steel 30CrMnSi." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.79.

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The present work is devoted research of influence of various modes of electrolytic-plasma cementation on feature of change a structurally-phase conditions and hardening of a constructional steel 30CrMnSi. It is chosen scientifically proved low-power and resources-economy a processing kind which leads to formation stable ferrite-perlites structures, provides higher mechanical properties. Cementation process carried out with selection of different modes of electrolytic-plasma processing in the electrolyte containing water solution of 10 % of sodium carbonate and 10 % of glycerin. As the basic methods of research in work we used metallographic the analysis with microscope application «NEOPHOT-21», X-ray analysis on diffractometer Х’PertPRO in monochromatic CrKα - radiation, tests for microhardness for device PMT-3. It is established that a microstructure of samples steel 30CrMnSi at different modes of processing consist from α - phases, particle carbides and retained austenite. Microhardness of the initial sample makes approximately 3000 МPа, and after processing its microhardness makes 6100 МPа that speaks about of a processing mode. The developed technology of electrolytic-plasma cementation of constructional steels in the conditions of the arc category in electrolyte is the optimal as provides reliable quality and demanded properties of details, working in variable loadings and often exposed to wear, forms the strengthened, modified surface coating.

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Strzelecki, Przemysław. "Accuracy of determined S‐N curve for constructional steel by selected models." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 43, no. 3 (October 22, 2019): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.13139.

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Laber, Konrad Błażej, and Henryk Dyja. "The Effect of the Normalizing Rolling of S355J2G3 Steel Round Bars on the Selected Mechanical Properties of Finished Product." Solid State Phenomena 165 (June 2010): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.294.

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The paper presents investigation results related to the effect of application of round plain bar normalizing rolling on the selected mechanical properties of finished product. The research was carried out for the process of rolling 38 mm-diameter plain round bars made of constructional steel S355J2G3, based on actual specifications used in industrial conditions in a continuous bar rolling mill. In the course of investigation the yield stress, YS, and the tensile strength, TS, were determined. With the aim of evaluating the effect of controlled (normalizing) rolling on the mechanical properties of the considered steel grade, Zwick Z/100 testing machine was employed and analytical relationships were used. On the basis of performed research work it was established that enhancement of mechanical properties of the considered steel can be obtained as a result of application of the normalizing rolling process.

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Cho, Yonghyun, Changkye Lee, Jurng-Jae Yee, and Dong-Keon Kim. "Modeling of Ductile Fracture for SS275 Structural Steel Sheets." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 5392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125392.

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A series of earthquake events give impetus to research on the ductile fracture behavior of steel materials. In the last decades, many fracture models have been developed and utilized in the mechanical or aerospace engineering. Nevertheless, very little application to structural members used in the construction industry has been made due to the lack of a suitable model for the fracture behavior of constructional steel. This paper presents the experimental and finite element (FE) technique to predict ductile fracture in mild carbon structural steel (SS275) sheets, which has been widely used in building structures. The post-necking true stress–strain responses were successfully estimated using the weighted-average method. The Bao and Wierzbicki (BW) model, which requires only two model parameters, was selected for the identification of fracture locus. Each model parameter was calibrated from uniaxial tension and in-plane shear specimens with the aid of digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element analysis. Fracture simulation was then performed and validated based on the experimental results of the specimens under combined tension and shear stress state.

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Kodjaspirov, G. E. "Effect of Microalloying and Thermomechanical Processing on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Constructional Steel." Materials Science Forum 284-286 (June 1998): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.284-286.335.

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Kaputkina, L. M., V. G. Prokoshkina, A. G. Svyazhin, D. V. Kremyanskii, M. G. Medvedev, and G. E. Khadeev. "Effect of high-temperature thermomechanical treatment on the mechanical properties of nitrogen-containing constructional steel." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 52, no. 7-8 (November 30, 2010): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11041-010-9278-6.

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Qian, Kun, Tian Xia, Jie Zhang, and Quan Yuan. "The Application of Straw Concrete Wall Board in Constructional Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1607.

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Constructional engineering was always faced with the threaten of earthquake and the problem of large energy consumption. As a new type of green building material, straw concrete has better ductility than normal concrete. In the straw concrete multi-ribbed slab structure, as the filling material of wall board, straw concrete improved the energy dissipation and deformability of wall board. When the load was applied, the filling blocks, grid frame and outer frame in straw concrete wall board work cooperatively, have good mechanical properties. The straw concrete wall board has advantages that light, high strength, energy conservation and seismic resistance. Considering the effect of different components in straw concrete wall board, this paper proposes the formula of vertical bearing capacity of straw concrete wall board to provide the basis for engineering application. The construction of straw concrete multi-ribbed slab structure include three processes that steel bar bind, blocks prefabrication and integral pouring, which fits for field fabrication in the building construction site.

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31

Li, Guo-Qiang, Shou-Chao Jiang, Ying-Zhi Yin, Kai Chen, and Ming-Fei Li. "Experimental Studies on the Properties of Constructional Steel at Elevated Temperatures." Journal of Structural Engineering 129, no. 12 (December 2003): 1717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2003)129:12(1717).

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Yang, Di Xin, and Yuan Fang Sun. "Thermal Simulation Study of 900MPa Grade High-Strength Low Alloy Steel in Welding Procedures." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 1128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.1128.

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Hydraulic support is an important part of fully mechanized equipments. The constructional steels of hydraulic support with international advanced level mainly adopt the high-strength welding structural steel with its tensile strength of more than 700~1000MPa.This paper analyzes the chemical compositions features of S890 high-strength low alloy steel for 900MPa grade.The Influence of welding parameters,peak temperature and on the microstructures and mechanical properties of welding HAZ of S890 high-strength low alloy steel were investigated by thermo-simulated tests, The influence of welding heat input on the mechanical behaviors of the welded joint was also investigated. The results show that the microstructures of S890 steel change from tempered martensite to bainite and a little ferrite , pearlitic when welding heat input changes from low to high, and accompany the austenite grains coarsening ,so the impact toughness and hardness of welding HAZ at lower peak temperatures and shorter are higher than that at higher peak temperature and long . Welding HAZ produced by the second weld bead will overlap partially with the HAZ produced by the first weld bead. In this area, primitive microstructure tempers again or partial re-phase transformations and re-cools,but the area involved in the overlap is limited,so the influence on the properties of S890 steel is not obvious. In covered arc welding,the influence on the welded join strength of S890 steel is not distinct when heat input change in a certain scope, but the plasticity of the welded join falls off steeply as heat input increases. Keywords: S890 steel; high-strength low alloy steel; weld performance; hydraulic supports

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33

Yu, Min, Ying-she Luo, and Xiang-hua Peng. "Creep testing and viscous behavior research on carbon constructional quality steel under high temperature." Journal of Central South University of Technology 15, S1 (September 2008): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-008-0347-6.

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34

Rumbutis, Laurynas, Ivanas Višniakas, and Aurimas Jurčius. "RESEARCH ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE WELD SEAMS OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL USING VIBRATION ENERGY METHOD DURING WELDING." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 4 (August 31, 2010): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.075.

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The paper analyzes changes in the mechanical properties of the welded joints of steel S355J2 (LST EN 10025) using vibration energy method during welding done by applying semi automatic equipment under CO2 environment using supplementary wire ESAB OK 12.51. When welding, several levels of vibration energy are applied. For vibration treatment, proprietary equipment “MetaLax 2725” produced by the U.S. Company “Bonal” was employed. To investigate the effects of vibration energy on the weld seam, radiographic control and mechanical experiments on tensile, hardness distribution and impact resistance were performed.

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Ishchenko, I. I., B. N. Sinaiskii, G. G. Lutsenko, A. A. Kritsuk, and V. V. Kasperskaya. "Influence of modification by vanadium nitrides on the mechanical and physical properties of 25L constructional steel." Strength of Materials 17, no. 3 (March 1985): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01755922.

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36

Jurasz, Zbigniew, Ryszard Kochel, and Krzysztof Adamaszek. "Metallographic Examination of Fracture Splitting 44SMn28 Steel Used in the Manufacture of Rotor Shaft." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.231.

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In this work a failed rotor shaft of φ 7.2 mm diameter manufactured from constructional steel 44SMn28 (1.0762) was examined. Fracture splitting into 2 pieces in the threaded part of the shaft in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis occurred. The failure was induced by mechanical forces in the threading process. The failed shaft was examined on a metallographic and scanning microscope. It was found that the failure was caused by excessive accumulation of MnS inclusions in an unfavourable banded formation.

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Tenchini, André, Carlos Rebelo, Luis Simões da Silva, and Luciano Lima. "Dual-concentrically Braced Frames Using High Strength Steel – Seismic Response." Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 496–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010496.

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The recent technological advances on steel production process allowed introducing in construction market steel grades with significantly high yield strength. These new materials are known as High Strength Steel (HSS). The use of these steel grades offers economical and mechanical benefits compared with mild carbon steel (MCS). Consequently, their use is constantly increasing especially for seismic applications that are the rational field to exploit the high performance of HSS, by means of the “dual-steel” concept, which combines the HSS with MCS in order to provide overstrength to non-dissipative element and ductility to dissipative ones, thus controlling the global frame behaviour into a ductile overall failure mode. In this paper, a comprehensive parametric study devoted to investigate the seismic performance of Eurocode 8 compliant dual-steel chevron Dual-Concentrically Braced Frames (D-CBF) is presented and discussed. This structural typology is composed of two dissipative sub-systems acting in parallel, namely Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) and Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs). Static nonlinear pushover analyses were carried out in order to assess the seismic performance of the D-CBFs. The examined parameters cover both geometric and mechanical variables, as the type columns, span length, number of storeys and spectral shape. The analyses showed that the use of HSS in Eurocode 8 compliant D-CBFs is effective to avoid the damage in non-dissipative members. On the other hand, the use of HSS leads to design flexible members, especially for the braced-intercepted beams, resulting in poor performance of bracing members due to significant damage concentration. The economic evaluation shows that the use of HSS allows reducing the material consumptions and dropping the total constructional costs.

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Chen, Chen, Ying Hua Zhao, Chun Yang Zhu, and Li Wei. "Study on the Impact Response of Concrete Filled FRP-Steel Tube Structures." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.549.

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This paper studies the impact performance of concrete filled FRP-steel tube which is a composed structure made by filling concrete into steel tube and wrapping outside with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet. Numerical simulations have been conducted to study the dynamic response of fixed-pined supported beams of concrete filled FRP-steel tubes. The finite element models of concrete filled FRP-steel tubes are established to analyse its lateral impact dynamic characteristics under different loading situations, with respective kinds of FRP and thicknesses of steel tubes. The impact force and displacement histories were recorded. Comparing to the traditional concrete filled steel tube structure, the concrete filled FRP-steel tube indicates a promising structure with more advantages in the mechanical and constructional performance. Especially with its higher loading-carrying capacity and better toughness, it is more adaptable for the structures subjected to accidental impact load. Analytical solution is compared with experimental result to show the correctness and the effectiveness of present study.

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Zhou, Chunli, Jinkun Sun, Zhaorong Zeng, and Jie Liu. "Studies on the RC Beam Strengthened by Using the Exterior-Wrapping U-Shaped Steel Plate and Its Application." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2396764.

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Based on practical frame structures, constructional methods of the reinforced concrete (RC) frame beam strengthened by using an exterior-wrapping U-shaped steel plate are introduced. With reference to the code for design of strengthening concrete structure, the bearing capacity formula of the RC frame beams strengthened by using the exterior-wrapping U-shaped steel plate is briefly derived. After that, the finite element analysis of the frame beam before and after the reinforcement of the engineering example is carried out through ABAQUS software, and the results of the analysis of the bearing capacity are compared with the calculation results of the theoretical formula. At the same time, through comparing and analysing the U-shaped steel plate strengthening method and the “angle steel + batten plate” strengthening method, the result that the RC beam strengthened by using the exterior-wrapping U-shaped steel plate has better mechanical performance is drawn. Finally, the application of the exterior-wrapping U-shaped steel plate strengthening method is rationally suggested.

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40

Żurek, Zbigniew H. "Magnetic contactless detection of stress distribution and assembly defects in constructional steel element." NDT & E International 38, no. 7 (October 2005): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2005.02.011.

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41

Shi, Qing Xuan, Jian Bo Tian, Kun Li, and Zhi Feng Guo. "Research Status on Seismic Performance of Steel-Concrete Composite Coupling Beam." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1315.

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Coupling beams of coupled shear wall system in seismic regions are required to have high load resisting capacity and excellent ductility and energy-dissipation capacity. To achieve this goal, the concept of steel-concrete composite coupling beam is proposed. The steel-concrete composite coupling beam is a new form and worthwhile to research and promote. Further, it is a new direction for the future development of the coupling beam. But there is a lack of specific calculation method and constructional measures in the current related codes. In this paper, the review of available literatures is made including the experimental study and influence factors of mechanical behavior. It works that have not yet been covered after summarizing each research methods and research contents, which will provide scientific reference material for the intensive research on steel-concrete composite coupling beam.

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42

Zurnadzhy, V. I., V. G. Efremenko, I. Petryshynets, K. Shimizu, M. N. Brykov, I. V. Kushchenko, and V. V. Kudin. "Mechanical properties of carbide-free lower bainite in complex-alloyed constructional steel: Effect of bainitizing treatment parameters." Metallic Materials 58, no. 02 (2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/km_2020_2_129.

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43

Li, Yan Li, Jia Rui Qi, Dan Feng Zhang, Ji Liu, and Chao Li. "Study on Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Property of Welding HAZ Treated by Laser Surface Remelting." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2346.

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Welding is a main joint way of the alloy constructional steel. However, the welding HAZ is very sensitive to corrosion. In order to increase the corrosion resistance of the welding HAZ without reducing mechanical property of the parts simultaneously, the laser surface remelting was used to treat the welding HAZ in this study. According to the results of the orthogonal test, the optimized processing parameters were obtained. Based on the electrochemical analysis, the corrosion current of 30CrMnSi welding HAZ can be decreased by laser remelting technology. The corrosion resistance of the HAZ can be improved effectively. At the same time, the mechanical property of the treated welding HAZ was better compared with the untreated.

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44

Danielewski, Hubert, and Andrzej Skrzypczyk. "Steel Sheets Laser Lap Joint Welding—Process Analysis." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102258.

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This article presents the results of steel-sheet lap-joint-welding using laser beam radiation. The use of a laser beam and keyhole effect for deep material penetration in lap joint welding was presented. Thermodynamic mechanism of laser welding is related to material properties and process parameters. Estimation of welding parameters and joint properties’ analysis was performed through numerical simulation. The article presents a possibility of modeling laser lap-joint welding by using Simufact Welding software based on Marc solver and thermo-mechanical solution. Numerical calculation was performed for surface and conical volumetric heat sources simulating laser absorption and keyhole effect during steel sheet welding. Thermo-mechanical results of fusion zone (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and phase transformations calculated in numerical simulation were analyzed. The welding parameters for partial sealed joint penetration dedicated for gas piping installations were estimated from the numerical analysis. Low-carbon constructional steel was used for numerical and experimental analyses. A trial joint based on the estimated parameters was prepared by using a CO2 laser. Numerical and experimental results in the form of hardness distributions and weld geometry were compared. Metallographic analysis of the obtained weld was presented, including crystallographic structures and inclusions in the cross section of the joint.

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45

Modigell, Michael, Torsten Volkmann, and Christoph Zang. "A High-Precision Rotational Rheometer for Temperatures up to 1700 °C." Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (October 2012): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.359.

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Rheometrical analysis of steel slurries in rotational rheometers requires a range of operating temperatures of about 1300 to 1600 °C, leading to a delicate device-related challenge with respect to the applied materials on the one hand and a suitable constructional set-up gaining unbiased measurements on the other hand. Accordingly, a new high-precision rotational rheometer for temperatures up to 1700 °C has been developed as an improvement on an existing rheometer previously developed at the Chair of Mechanical Process Engineering (AVT) of RWTH Aachen University. First measurements on the tool steel X210CrW12 in the mushy state with solid fractions of 20% to 40% demonstrate a remarkable improvement on the preciseness of torque gain which broadens the area of possible experimental operations on steel slurries in order to reliably characterize transient behavior of the material by e.g. creep, relaxation and oscillation experiments.

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Makarov, A. V., E. S. Gorkunov, R. A. Savrai, Yu M. Kolobylin, L. Kh Kogan, N. A. Pozdejeva, and I. Yu Malygina. "Magnetic and eddy-current testing of hardened constructional steel subjected to combined strain-thermal treatment." Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing 48, no. 12 (December 2012): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061830912120042.

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47

Pravilonis, Tautvydas, and Edgar Sokolovskij. "ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND THEIR POSSIBILITIES TO USE THEM IN BUS FRAME CONSTRUCTION." Transport 35, no. 4 (September 22, 2020): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.13018.

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Energy consumption and the emission of harmful particles have increased significantly in recent decades. The constant development of transport poses an increasing threat to the environment. The search for alternative energy-saving solutions is closely linked to the development and improvement of new vehicles, reducing their negative impact on the environment. Fiberglass or carbon fiber are among the most promising materials that can reduce weight in all types of vehicles. They are also much easier to recycle than steel. Fiberglass or carbon fiber composite materials are widely used in a variety of applications: construction, ships, and trains. Vehicles and buses are no exception. These innovative materials are used not only for interior elements but also in constructional units for the production of light duty vehicles. Meanwhile in buses these material are not yet used in safety frame. Bus safety frames are made out of steel. Therefore, in this work the fiberglass composite material from which the tubes are made by pultrusion process would replace the steel tube in the safety frame construction of the bus. Such technology could reduce the weight of the bus safety frame by about 20%. Other parameters would also be affected by weight reduction: safety: bus would be less overloaded, the braking distance would be reduced, the center of gravity position would be closer to the ground; environmental: lower air pollution due to lower CO2 emissions; economic: lower fuel consumption. However, before using such technology, it is necessary to determine the properties of the composite material. Properties were determined by tensile and shear tests (ISO 527-2:2012 and ASTM D5379/D5379M-19). Comparison tests of different materials (tensile and crushing tests) were also performed. According to the experimental results, conclusions were drawn regarding the possibility of using fiberglass for the bus frame.

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48

PERTEK-OWSIANNA, Aleksandra. "THE IRON BORIDE WEAR-RESISTANT LAYERS ON CONSTRUCTIONAL C45 STEEL, MODIFIED BY CHROMIUM AND THE LASER PROCESS." Tribologia 269, no. 5 (October 31, 2016): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6616.

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The paper presents the influence of diffusional boronizing, borochromizing processes, and laser modification on microstructure, microhardness, and frictional wear resistance of C45 constructional steel. The borochromizing process consists of two stages: first the boronizing was applied, and then chromizing was carried out as a second step. The boronizing was performed at 900°C for 4h, and then chromizing at 1020°C for 7h using the gas-contact method in powder containing amorphous boron and ferrochrome. Then, the boronized and borochromized layer was modified by remelting it using a TRUMPH CO2 2600W-power laser. The microstructure after diffusional boronizing and borochromizing consists of needle-like iron borides with a thickness of 80 μm and 100 μm and with a microhardness of 1400 HV0.1–1850 HV0.1. Three zones are formed after laser modification: the remelted zone MZ (eutectic mixture of borides and martensite) with a thickness of 100–120 μm, a martensitic heat affected zone (HAZ), and the core. The microhardness in the remelted zone is approx. 1200 HV0.1, as a result of which there appears a milder hardness gradient between the surface and the core. It was found that the frictional wear resistance of the boride layers modified by chromium and laser is higher than that of the layers after diffusional boronizing.

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Farajpourbonab, Ebrahim, Hossein Showkati, and Sunil Kute. "Castellated cruciform steel columns." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-04-2017-0088.

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Purpose The main function of the castellation process is making I-sections stiffer by increasing the height of web and supplying a higher moment capacity of primary axis than plain-webbed members of the same weight. In addition, it optimizes the use of heavy, costly constructional steel material and provides good services accessibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the strength and buckling behavior of axially loaded castellated cruciform steel columns using finite element analysis. Although a significant body of research exists on the failure of different columns, there is no proper criterion introduced to determine the point of buckling in the equilibrium path of an imperfect column. Design/methodology/approach This paper considers a wide range of practical geometric dimensions and various end conditions using ANSYS software. Findings are reported for about 224 samples of castellated cruciform I-shaped sections, and a simplified approach to evaluate buckling capacity of castellated columns, using the slenderness-load curve, is developed. In addition, the axial compressive capacities of those steel sections are investigated numerically in the current study. Findings The results of nonlinear analyses of these columns revealed that the load-carrying capacity of castellated cruciform steel columns far outweighs and is more appropriate than that of the traditional cruciform steel columns. In the present paper, new geometric criteria have been introduced having the ability to cover different types of columns. It shows the critical load of columns in the range of elastic and inelastic behavior. Practical implications This study can provide a background for practical engineering applications and design specifications for steel structures with castellated sections. In the present paper, new geometric criteria have been introduced having the ability to cover different types of columns. It shows the critical load of columns showing both elastic and inelastic behavior. Because this method showed reliable performance, it can be used during experimental tests for detecting buckling point. Originality/value This study can provide background for practical engineering applications and design specifications for steel structures with castellated sections; also, a physical criterion has been defined for calculating the buckling load of real columns.

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Boral, Piotr, Tadeusz Nieszporek, and Rafał Gołębski. "The welded CNC machine tool frame." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815701003.

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Machine tools are built based on cast-iron bodies. Cast iron well dumps down vibrations and is dimensionally stable. Therefore, many conventional machine tools are modernized and modified into CNC machine tools based on the seasoned old bodies of those machine tools. Nevertheless, CNC machine tools are also manufactured based on polymer concrete, which vibration damping ability is even better. On the other hand, attempts made in the past by leading machine tool manufacturers to use welded frames in CNC machine tools failed. The revival of interest in welded frames was spurred by economic considerations, as steel systems are much thinner compared to cast-iron ones. They are able to carry the same loads. The construction of CNC machine tools with a welded steel frame undertaken at the Institute of Mechanical Technologies (ITM) of the Czestochowa University of Technology is an attempt to solve this constructional problem. The machine tool frame was designed with use of CAD solid works system. The ultimate success of using the welded frame is determined not only by the frame itself, but also generally the design of the machine tool and its operation parameters. The welded frame was used for a high-accuracy three-axis milling machine. In this respect, it is equal of professional machine tools manufactured by reputed companies. It can be either a production machine tool or a test stand.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical constructional steel'

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