Journal articles: 'Mechanical engineering|Nanoscience'

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Haddad, Assed N., Jorge F. de Morais, and Ana Catarina J. Evangelista. "Variation of Concrete Strength with the Insertion of Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 818 (September 2013): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.818.124.

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Nanomaterials could change the face of modern construction because they are more resistant, more durable and have notable features. Concrete is a material widely used in construction industry worldwide. Carbon nanotube has been considered a new and outstanding material in nanoscience field with great potential application in the construction industry. The study presented in this paper, aims at assessing how carbon nanotubes can affect cement composites and so the concrete, in terms of microstructure and physical-mechanical properties. Three different ratios of carbon nanotubes have been searched: 0.20%, 0.40% and 0.60%. To evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples, destructive and non-destructive tests were carried out to obtain compressive strength, tensile strength by diametrical compression, dynamic modulus of elasticity as well as the determination of their deformation properties. This work also aims to motivate entrepreneurs and professionals in the sector of civil engineering on the advantages of the application of nanotechnology in construction, as well as providing information to the scientific and technological community in general.

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de Morais, Jorge Fernandes, Assed Naked Haddad, and Laia Haurie. "Analysis of the Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes on Cementitious Composites." ISRN Nanomaterials 2013 (August 27, 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/415403.

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Nanotechnology has brought significant innovations in science and engineering. Carbon nanotube has been considered a new and outstanding material in nanoscience field with great potential application in the construction industry. The main objective of this study is to analyze the behavior of cementitious materials produced with the insertion of carbon nanotubes of multiple walls in different concentrations and compare their physic-mechanical properties with plain mortar. This research covers the examination of nanoscale cement products and the use of carbon nanotubes to increase the strength and durability of cementitious composites. Three different ratios of carbon nanotubes have been searched: 0.20, 0.40, and 0.60%. To evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples, destructive and nondestructive tests were carried out to obtain compressive strength, tensile strength by diametrical compression, and dynamic modulus of elasticity as well as to determine their deformation properties. Methods of instrumentation such as scanning electron microscopy and porosity were also used in the analysis of microstructure of the materials. The study presents graphs, tables, and figures describing the behavior of CNT added to mortars samples, allowing a better understanding of the use of this new material in the construction industry.

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Ashaduzzaman, Md, Dipti Saha, and Mohammad Mamunur Rashid. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Self-Assembled Kaolin-Doped Starch-Based Environment-Friendly Nanocomposite Films." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 2 (April 13, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020038.

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Environment-friendly advanced materials are promising candidates for the engineering of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Here, starch–kaolin self-assembled nanocomposite films were prepared using potato starch and an indigenous layered material, kaolin. The films consist of kaolin and the matrix, which were prepared by the disruption and plasticization of starch granules with water and glycerol. Self-assembled nanocomposite films with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% w/w of kaolin were fabricated by casting and evaporating the mixture from homogeneous aqueous suspension at 95 °C. The thickness of the film—about 200 μm—was controlled by a predesigned glass frame. The resulting films were conditioned before testing, and the effect of accelerated aging in a moist atmosphere was investigated. The films were characterized using attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy for the interaction of moieties via function groups, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity change, universal testing machine (UTM) for tensile strength Young’s modulus and elongation at break investigation. The thermal stability of the films using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the effect of temperature on contraction behaviors using thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) were carried out. The distribution of kaolin into the matrix and morphology of the self-assembled nanocomposite films were observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Developed nanocomposite materials from an indigenous source would play a vital role in the field of food packaging industries in Bangladesh.

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Cao, Lianzhen, Xia Liu, Zhen Guo, and Lianqun Zhou. "Surface/Interface Engineering for Constructing Advanced Nanostructured Light-Emitting Diodes with Improved Performance: A Brief Review." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120821.

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With the rise of nanoscience and nanotechnologies, especially the continuous deepening of research on low-dimensional materials and structures, various kinds of light-emitting devices based on nanometer-structured materials are gradually becoming the natural candidates for the next generation of advanced optoelectronic devices with improved performance through engineering their interface/surface properties. As dimensions of light-emitting devices are scaled down to the nanoscale, the plentitude of their surface/interface properties is one of the key factors for their dominating device performance. In this paper, firstly, the generation, classification, and influence of surface/interface states on nanometer optical devices will be given theoretically. Secondly, the relationship between the surface/interface properties and light-emitting diode device performance will be investigated, and the related physical mechanisms will be revealed by introducing classic examples. Especially, how to improve the performance of light-emitting diodes by using factors such as the surface/interface purification, quantum dots (QDs)-emitting layer, surface ligands, optimization of device architecture, and so on will be summarized. Finally, we explore the main influencing actors of research breakthroughs related to the surface/interface properties on the current and future applications for nanostructured light-emitting devices.

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Meyyappan, Meyya. "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology." IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine 3, no. 2 (June 2009): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnano.2009.932416.

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Demming, Anna. "Gems in nanoscience." Nanotechnology 22, no. 17 (March 16, 2011): 170201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/17/170201.

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Li, Wen. "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology [The Editor's Desk]." IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine 5, no. 1 (March 2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnano.2010.939835.

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Bag, Dibyendu, T. Shami, and K. Rao. "Chiral Nanoscience and Nanotechnology." Defence Science Journal 58, no. 5 (September 24, 2008): 626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.1685.

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Kozielski, L., M. Adamczyk, A. Lisińska-Czekaj, D. Czekaj, R. Zachariasz, M. Pawełczyk, and M. Pilch. "Mechanical properties of BaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics obtained by different measurements techniques." World Journal of Engineering 10, no. 4 (August 21, 2013): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.10.4.329.

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Gaining the precise control over the matter at the nanometre scale is the main leitmotif in a majority of nanoscience oriented research measurements nowadays. The availability of new advanced tools, as a nanoindentation technique, for evaluation of the mechanical properties, seems to be prerequisite for exploitation of the dramatic development in nanoscience and meeting the emerging needs of the industries in new electronic applications. The nanoindentation technique was applied to evaluate the elastic modulus and hardness values as a function of indentation depth. However, in the presented experiment the nanoscale mechanical properties of BaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics have been characterized and compared with the macroscale measurements with macroscale method with the implementation of ultrasound techniques. A draw conclusion indicates that expensive nanoscale characterisation presented here is not fully consisted with the microscale. The reasons of such state of things are widely discussed.

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Brugger, J., V. P. Jaecklin, C. Linder, N. Blanc, P. F. Indermuhle, and N. F. de Rooij. "Microfabricated tools for nanoscience." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 3, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/3/4/001.

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Sealy, Cordelia. "New tool for nanoscience." Materials Today 8, no. 1 (January 2005): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(04)00674-1.

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Lunnon, Jenny. "Strengthening women's role in nanoscience." Materials Today 11, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70352-8.

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Demming, Anna. "A fertile domain for nanoscience." Nanotechnology 21, no. 44 (October 8, 2010): 440201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/44/440201.

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Tolles, W. M. "Nanoscience and nanotechnology in Europe." Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 59–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/7/2/001.

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Huynen, Isabelle. "Editorial for the Special Issue on “Nanodevices for Microwave and Millimeter Wave Applications”." Micromachines 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11050477.

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Initially inspired by the work of Richard Feynman in 1959 during his famous talk “There is plenty of room at the bottom”, nanoscience and nanotechnology have moved during the 2000s from laboratory developments to daily life applications [...]

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Labuz, M., M. Kuzma, and A. Wal. "Applications of the Heisenberg magnetic model in nanoscience." Materials Science and Engineering: C 23, no. 6-8 (December 2003): 945–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2003.09.094.

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Maccaferri, Nicolò, Sophie Meuret, Nikolay Kornienko, and Deep Jariwala. "Speeding up Nanoscience and Nanotechnology with Ultrafast Plasmonics." Nano Letters 20, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 5593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02452.

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Donaldson, Laurie. "Nanoscience research could prove a breakthrough in electronics." Materials Today 13, no. 3 (March 2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70028-6.

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Dunn, Bruce, Ping Liu, and Shirley Meng. "Nanoscience and nanotechnology in next generation lithium batteries*." Nanotechnology 24, no. 42 (September 25, 2013): 420201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/42/420201.

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Ni, Bing, Yuang Shi, and Xun Wang. "The Sub-Nanometer Scale as a New Focus in Nanoscience." Advanced Materials 30, no. 43 (July 23, 2018): 1802031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802031.

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Khan, Sami Ullah, and Sabir Ali Shehzad. "Analysis for time-dependent flow of Carreau nanofluid over an accelerating surface with gyrotactic microorganisms: Model for extrusion systems." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 12 (December 2019): 168781401989445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019894455.

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Recent progress in nanotechnology and nanoscience has attended the researchers’ interest due to its inspiring industrial and technological applications. This contribution investigates the bioconvection flow of Carreau fluid over a periodically moving stretched surface with important feature of magnetic field and thermal radiation. Bioconvection in non-Newtonian nanofluid is utilized with sustaining the joint features of buoyancy and magnetic forces. In addition, thermal radiation consequences are summarized in the energy equation while further computations have been operated under “one parametric approach.” The attended problem is contested with a famous convergent technique having excellent accuracy. A comprehensive graphical approach is constituted to describe the thermo-physical features of interesting physical parameters. The reported results may use in enhancement of extrusion system, bio-fuels, and biotechnology.

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Brown, Keith A., Sarah Brittman, Nicolò Maccaferri, Deep Jariwala, and Umberto Celano. "Machine Learning in Nanoscience: Big Data at Small Scales." Nano Letters 20, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04090.

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Egger, Stefan, Adelina Ilie, Yiton Fu, Jeffrey Chongsathien, Dae-Joon Kang, and Mark E. Welland. "Dynamic Shadow Mask Technique: A Universal Tool for Nanoscience." Nano Letters 5, no. 1 (January 2005): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0486822.

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Lee, Shuit-Tong, and Lifeng Chi. "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Activities at NANO-CIC and FUNSOM in Suzhou." Advanced Materials 28, no. 47 (December 2016): 10351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606049.

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Tang, Zhiyong, Minghua Liu, and Yuliang Zhao. "Research Activities in Advanced Materials at National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China." Advanced Materials 31, no. 45 (November 2019): 1901327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201901327.

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Rahmati, Shahrooz, William Doherty, Arman Amani Babadi, Muhamad Syamim Akmal Che Mansor, Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli, Volker Hessel, and Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov. "Gold–Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Contaminant Sensing." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060719.

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The environmental crisis, due to the rapid growth of the world population and globalisation, is a serious concern of this century. Nanoscience and nanotechnology play an important role in addressing a wide range of environmental issues with innovative and successful solutions. Identification and control of emerging chemical contaminants have received substantial interest in recent years. As a result, there is a need for reliable and rapid analytical tools capable of performing sample analysis with high sensitivity, broad selectivity, desired stability, and minimal sample handling for the detection, degradation, and removal of hazardous contaminants. In this review, various gold–carbon nanocomposites-based sensors/biosensors that have been developed thus far are explored. The electrochemical platforms, synthesis, diverse applications, and effective monitoring of environmental pollutants are investigated comparatively.

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Zhao, Yuliang. "Fast Evolving Nanotechnology and Progress in the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China." Advanced Materials 25, no. 28 (July 21, 2013): 3756–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201302796.

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Rotello, Vince. "Book Review: Block Copolymers in Nanoscience. By Massimo Lazzari, Guojun Liu, and Sébastien Lecommandoux (Eds.)." Advanced Materials 19, no. 10 (May 21, 2007): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200602960.

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Kortel, Merve, Bhargav D. Mansuriya, Nicole Vargas Santana, and Zeynep Altintas. "Graphene Quantum Dots as Flourishing Nanomaterials for Bio-Imaging, Therapy Development, and Micro-Supercapacitors." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090866.

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considerably a new member of the carbon family and shine amongst other members, thanks to their superior electrochemical, optical, and structural properties as well as biocompatibility features that enable us to engage them in various bioengineering purposes. Especially, the quantum confinement and edge effects are giving GQDs their tremendous character, while their heteroatom doping attributes enable us to specifically and meritoriously tune their prospective characteristics for innumerable operations. Considering the substantial role offered by GQDs in the area of biomedicine and nanoscience, through this review paper, we primarily focus on their applications in bio-imaging, micro-supercapacitors, as well as in therapy development. The size-dependent aspects, functionalization, and particular utilization of the GQDs are discussed in detail with respect to their distinct nano-bio-technological applications.

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Liu, Jianlin, Runni Wu, and Re Xia. "Surface effects at the nanoscale based on Gurtin’s theory: a review." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 23, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2014): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2014-0016.

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AbstractThe fields of nanotechnology and nanoscience are full of opportunities and challenges. The needed modification of classical continuum mechanics to account for the dramatically novel characteristics and phenomena determining the mechanical response of nanomaterials/structures remains an ambitious goal pursued by mechanics researchers. The theory of surface elasticity proposed by Gurtin and Murdoch has been shown to be an important tool in theoretical nanomechanics. In this paper, we present an overview of recent advances in application of surface elasticity theory at the nanoscale. In particular, we focus on the elastic and plastic deformation, vibration and buckling, fracture and contact behavior of nanoscale solids from one dimension to three dimensions. We hope that this contribution can provide a valuable insight into nanomechanics analysis methods by taking surface effects into account. The results may help to bridge the gap between conventional mechanics and findings from simulation and experiment, in such areas as multifunctional material and micro-electro-mechanical systems.

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Murakami, Hiroto, and Naotoshi Nakashima. "Soluble Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.17900.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been the forefront of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their unique electrical and mechanical properties and specific functions. However, due to their poor solubility in solvents, the applications using the materials have been limited. Therefore, strategic approaches toward the solubilization of CNTs are important in wide fields including chemistry, physics, biochemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, and medical sciences. In this article, we summarize: (i) the strategic approaches toward the solubilization of CNTs using chemical and physical modifications, (ii) nanocomposites of CNTs and biological molecules including DNA, (iii) formation of CNTs with topological structures, (iv) separation of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes, (v) the preparations of films and fibers of CNTs and hybrid materials of CNTs and organic and inorganic molecules.

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NAKASHIMA, NAOTOSHI. "SOLUBLE CARBON NANOTUBES: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 01 (February 2005): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05002985.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been in the forefront of nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their remarkable electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties and specific functions. CNTs have high potentials for possible applications in the fields of energy, electronics, IT, and materials. However, because of the insolubility of the nanotubes in solvents, chemical, biochemical, and biological (medical) approaches using these materials have been rather limited. Soluble CNTs in aqueous and organic systems are of interests since they may open the door in such fields. In this review article, (i) the dissolution of CNTs in water and in organic solvents by using chemical modification and physical adsorption and their applications to chemical and biological areas, (ii) separation of metallic SWNTs and semiconducting SWNTs by the combination of individual dissolution of SWNTs and the selective chemical modification, (iii) the preparation of nanotube films and fibers from dissolved/dispersed SWNTs in aqueous micelles, and (iv) CNT liquid crystal formation are summarized.

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Coffer, Jeffery L., and Leigh T. Canham. "Nanoporous Silicon as a Green, High-Tech Educational Tool." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020553.

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Pedagogical tools are needed that link multidisciplinary nanoscience and technology (NST) to multiple state-of-the-art applications, including those requiring new fabrication routes relying on green synthesis. These can both educate and motivate the next generation of entrepreneurial NST scientists to create innovative products whilst protecting the environment and resources. Nanoporous silicon shows promise as such a tool as it can be fabricated from plants and waste materials, but also embodies many key educational concepts and key industrial uses identified for NST. Specific mechanical, thermal, and optical properties become highly tunable through nanoporosity. We also describe exceptional properties for nanostructured silicon like medical biodegradability and efficient light emission that open up new functionality for this semiconductor. Examples of prior lecture courses and potential laboratory projects are provided, based on the author’s experiences in academic chemistry and physics departments in the USA and UK, together with industrial R&D in the medical, food, and consumer-care sectors. Nanoporous silicon-based lessons that engage students in the basics of entrepreneurship can also readily be identified, including idea generation, intellectual property, and clinical translation of nanomaterial products.

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Sivalingam, Yuvaraj, V. J. Surya, Jaivardhan Sinha, Arijit Sen, Kennedy John Vedamuthu, Yasuhiro Hayakawa, and Gunther Andersson. "Preface: 5th International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN 2019) 28–30 January 2019, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 112 (June 2020): 105034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2020.105034.

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TAHMASEBIPOUR, GHODRAT, VAHID AHMADI, AMIR ABDULLAH, and YOUSEF HOJJAT. "FABRICATION OF STM TUNGSTEN NANOTIP BY ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING METHOD." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 03 (June 2009): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09006110.

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With developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology, Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) has found a wide application in imaging the atoms, molecules, and nanostructures. This microscope uses an ultra sharp metallic tip for scanning sample surface to produce surface topographic image with atomic resolution. Reliability and resolution of STM images depend largely on the sharpness of the tip apex and repeatability of images depends on mechanical strength of tip material. During last decades, a variety of techniques and processes have been developed for fabrication of different metallic tips made from tungsten, platinum, platinum–iridium, gold, and silver. Electrochemical etching process is the most popular method for fabrication of nanotips with desired quality, reliability, and reproducibility and tungsten is normally the first choice for fabrication of STM tips as it has a high mechanical strength as well as a good electrical conductivity. Fabrication of STM tungsten tip by using electrochemical etching method and tip characterization has been the subject of several researches. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, effect of voltage type (AC/DC), time delay in turning off the voltage, tungsten wire diameter, environmental vibrations, electrolyte type, cathode material, and perpendicularity of tungsten wire (toward electrolyte surface) on the tip sharpness have not been studied so far. In this paper, effects of these parameters on the tip shape and sharpness are investigated. A proper set-up for STM tungsten nanotip fabrication by using electrochemical etching method is presented.

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Boulatov, Roman. "Reaction dynamics in the formidable gap." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 1 (November 23, 2010): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-09-33.

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One of the least understood and least exploited aspects of nanoscience is dynamic coupling between directional translation at mesoscales (lengths above ~50 nm) and changes in local chemical bonding (lengths below ~1 nm). A major cause is the traditional dominance of two distinct and seemingly incompatible models for describing dynamics at the two scales: continuum mechanics based on the balance of forces, i.e., mechanical equilibrium (lengths above ~50 nm) and activated escape from an energy well, i.e., chemical equilibrium (below ~1 nm). These models yield meaningful results within their respective dimensional limits but leave processes in between in the gray area of conceptual ambiguity and technical intractability. Such processes underlie phenomena as diverse as catastrophic failure of strained materials, operation of motor polymers, behavior of polymer flows, and mechanosensing. Chemomechanics integrates the two conventional dynamic models into a single internally consistent, scale-independent framework that is essential for a quantitative understanding and the efficient exploitation of dynamic coupling across the “formidable gap” at ~1–50 nm. Chemomechanics holds promise (1) to facilitate significantly the design of new stress-responsive and actuating polymers, including those optimized specifically for the propulsion of autonomous nanomechanical devices and for use in micro- and nanoscale stress sensors; and (2) to yield general predictive molecular relationships between chemical composition, structure, and mechanical properties of polymers both at the single-chain and bulk levels. Theoretical and experimental studies of dynamic coupling across the formidable gap have traditionally been carried out within soft-matter physics. As far as I am aware, my group was the first to approach the problem from a chemist’s perspective. Below, I summarize the state-of-the-art of chemical understanding of processes in the formidable gap from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.

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Fu, Daniel, and John Reif. "3D DNA Nanostructures: The Nanoscale Architect." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 2624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062624.

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Structural DNA nanotechnology is a pioneering biotechnology that presents the opportunity to engineer DNA-based hardware that will mediate a profound interface to the nanoscale. To date, an enormous library of shaped 3D DNA nanostructures have been designed and assembled. Moreover, recent research has demonstrated DNA nanostructures that are not only static but can exhibit specific dynamic motion. DNA nanostructures have thus garnered significant research interest as a template for pursuing shape and motion-dependent nanoscale phenomena. Potential applications have been explored in many interdisciplinary areas spanning medicine, biosensing, nanofabrication, plasmonics, single-molecule chemistry, and facilitating biophysical studies. In this review, we begin with a brief overview of general and versatile design techniques for 3D DNA nanostructures as well as some techniques and studies that have focused on improving the stability of DNA nanostructures in diverse environments, which is pivotal for its reliable utilization in downstream applications. Our main focus will be to compile a wide body of existing research on applications of 3D DNA nanostructures that demonstrably rely on the versatility of their mechanical design. Furthermore, we frame reviewed applications into three primary categories, namely encapsulation, surface templating, and nanomechanics, that we propose to be archetypal shape- or motion-related functions of DNA nanostructures found in nanoscience applications. Our intent is to identify core concepts that may define and motivate specific directions of progress in this field as we conclude the review with some perspectives on the future.

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Acharya, Nilankush, Suprakash Maity, and Prabir Kumar Kundu. "Framing the hydrothermal features of magnetized TiO2–CoFe2O4 water-based steady hybrid nanofluid flow over a radiative revolving disk." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 16, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 765–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-08-2019-0151.

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Purpose Hybrid nanofluids are of significant engrossment for their considerable heat transport rate. The steady flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducted hybrid nanofluid is considered over a rotating disk under a magnetic field. Titanium oxide (TiO2) and ferrous (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles are used with their physical properties and water is considered as host liquid. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how hydrothermal integrity varies for hybrid nanosuspension over a spinning disk in the presence of magnetic orientation. Design/methodology/approach Governing equations with boundary conditions are transformed by similarity transformations and then solved numerically with RK-4 method. A comparison of linear and nonlinear thermal radiation for the above-mentioned parameters is taken and the efficiency of nonlinear radiation is established, the same over nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is also discussed. Heat lines are observed and discussed for various parameters like magnetic field, concentration, suction and injection parameter, radiation effect and Prandtl number. Findings Suction and increasing nanoparticle concentration foster the radial and cross-radial velocities, whereas magnetization and injection confirm the reverse trend. The rate of increment of radial friction is quite higher for the usual nanosuspension. The calculated data demonstrate that the rate for hybrid nanofluid is 8.97 percent, whereas for nanofluid it is 15.06 percent. Double-particle suspension amplifies the thermal efficiency than that of a single particle. Magnetic and radiation parameters aid the heat transfer, but nanoparticle concentration and suction explore the opposite syndrome. The magnetic parameter increases the heat transport at 36.58 and 42.71 percent for nonlinear radiation and hybrid nanosuspension, respectively. Originality/value Nonlinear radiation gives a higher heat transport rate and for the radiation parameter it is almost double. This result is very significant for comparison between linear and nonlinear radiation. Heat lines may be observed by taking different nanoparticle materials to get some diverse result. Hydrothermal study of such hybrid liquid is noteworthy because outcomes of this study will aid nanoscience and nanotechnology in an efficient way.

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"Handbook of nanoscience, engineering, and technology." Materials Today 6, no. 4 (April 2003): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(03)00431-0.

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Martirosyan, Karen S. "Multidisciplinary NanoScience Concentration Certificate Program at UTB: Activities and Lessons Learned." MRS Proceedings 1532 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.436.

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ABSTRACTThe development of a novel multidisciplinary Nanoscience Concentration Certificate Program (NCCP) at University of Texas at Brownsville (UTB) is reported. The NCCP intended to prepare undergraduate students to emerging nanotechnology markets, industry trends, cutting edge research and technology developments. The rationale for the NCCP is to integrate and expand nanotechnology-relevant courses within a comprehensive curriculum. The established certificate program includes the following seven new upper level undergraduate courses: (i) Introduction to Nanoscience, (ii) Engineering of Nanomaterials, (iii) Nanofabrication and Nanoelectronics, (iv) Introduction to Bio-Nanotechnology, (v) Environmental Nanotechnology, (vi) NanoOptics, (vii) Capstone Design. This program is designed to address the needs for a multidisciplinary undergraduate education at the UTB, which extends beyond traditional courses within science and engineering disciplines. The designed courses will expose students to the nanotechnology areas as part of integration of nanoscience in UTB’s undergraduate programs. To complete the NCCP and receive a Certificate in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, students must complete 12 credit-hours of NCCP courses. Our ultimate goal is to establish and maintain at UTB a practical, modular, scalable, transferrable and implementable educational STEM platform in nano-sciences, engineering and nanotechnology. The goal of this paper is to examine an instructional technique for Introduction to Nanoscience course as an example for promoting student understanding of scientific concepts and explanations by using combines teaching learning activities and research oriented strategies.

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Cosby, Ronald M. "Strengthening Nanoscience Education through Multidisciplinary Collaborations." MRS Proceedings 931 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0931-kk04-03.

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ABSTRACTRecent collaborations with science and engineering faculty in major research universities have dramatically increased and strengthened research and educational opportunities in nanoscience and nanotechnology at Ball State University. The three-year Center for Computational Nanoscience (CCN) project involved eleven co-principal investigators from three disciplines (physics, chemistry, electrical engineering) and five universities, including Ball State University, University of Notre Dame, Ohio University, Purdue University, and Valparaiso University. Funded by the Indiana 21st Century Research and Technology Fund, this $1.5 million project focused on theoretical and computational investigations of the electrical and optical properties of quantum dots and included partial support for software development for the Purdue NanoHub, a web-based software repository. The effects of this collaborative project (and previous contacts) on nanoscience education and research at the undergraduate and master's levels in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at Ball State University have been extensive and are described in this paper. University and community impacts include an enhanced awareness of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

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Vaseashta, Ashok, J. Irudayaraj, S. Vaseashta, I. Stamatin, and A. Erdem. "Approach To An Interdisciplinary Bionanotechnology Education Program: International Network Perspective." MRS Proceedings 931 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0931-kk05-04.

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ABSTRACTMaterials in reduced dimensions demonstrate size dependence and may exhibit properties different from the bulk. Nanomaterials are a fundamentally and entirely new class of materials with remarkable electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, thus offering unique applications. With a 9.7% increase in FY 2004-05 investments and an expected worldwide labor force shortage, education and training has become a key component of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). The slow response by the academic community to develop nanotechnology curriculum is evidenced by the small number of Universities offering fundamental undergraduate level courses in nanoscience and nanotechnology. There is a strong need to develop coercive undergraduate curriculum to equip the future engineers, scientists, and researchers charged with commercializing nanotechnology applications. We are in the process of developing and implementing some core courses and laboratory modules, which can easily adapt to either a major or minor in nanotechnology, nano-biotechnology, or nanoscience programs. The course modules are being developed by a multi-disciplinary team consisting of faculty in Physics, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Materials Engineering, and Molecular Biology at Universities in the US, Europe, and the Consortium of South East European Network on Nanoscience and Technology (COSENT). The joint effort specifically addresses a sector of nanobiotechnology emphasizing applications in agricultural and biological systems through hands-on modules and experimental kits. Selected course and laboratory modules are being developed to be affordable, flexible, accessible, and appealing to a diverse student population from across basics sciences, life sciences, agriculture, and engineering departments. Internet ready, multimedia intensive curriculum and assessment modules will include self-directed individualized learning modules as well as team-based components capitalizing on collaborative learning to address complex problems and tasks. The capital cost and site sensitivity of much of the equipment used within nanoscience courses often limits its distribution to large research centers, despite the need for it in many disperse educational programs. The creation of this seamless integration will promote and encourage an international exchange of students and ideas within interdisciplinary research. We will present our unique approach to delivery of education and training at all levels employing converging technologies to an international audience and receive feedback to enhance the effectiveness of the program to better educate the task force of tomorrow.

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Jaksic, Nebojsa. "Nanoscience, Nanoengineering and Nanotechnology Education at Colorado State University - Pueblo." MRS Proceedings 931 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0931-kk03-04.

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ABSTRACTThis work reports on the evolution of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology (NSET) education in the Engineering Department at the Colorado State University – Pueblo (CSU-Pueblo) from 2002 to 2006. It includes both, undergraduate and graduate courses with NSET topics as well as a review of undergraduate and graduate research projects.

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Pitcher, Michael. "Nanochemistry: The Development and Implementation of a New Graduate Elective at the Middle Eastern Technical University in Turkey." MRS Proceedings 931 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0931-kk05-02.

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ABSTRACTIt seems that a day cannot pass without reading a headline in the popular press or scientific magazines extolling the potential of nanotechnology and nanoscience. The excitement is justifiable and the new generation of researchers and workers in this discipline will need a whole new range of skills and vocabulary to understand and progress this exciting field and for it to reach its full potential. In higher education and research establishments around the world most nanoscience or nanotechnology courses and textbooks, that have been developed, have been done so by engineering or physics departments and approach the subject from that perspective. The interdisciplinary nature of nanoscience, however, also includes chemists, which until recently have had to rely on these courses and books to gain an insight into this rapidly developing field. This has changed in the last year, or so, with exciting new books being published by chemists and aimed at chemistry students of all levels, In addition, chemistry departments around the world, are beginning to develop nanochemistry classes, particularly at the graduate level. Presented here is the structure and content of a new graduate elective that has been offered at the Middle Eastern Technical University (METU) in Ankara, Turkey. This course was offered for the first time in spring 2006 and is designed primarily to introduce and equip chemistry graduate students with some of the skills and tools needed to contribute to the growing nano related research interests that are burgeoning on campus, in the country and in the world. The design of the course, the textbook used, comments from the students, etc are discussed.

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Nikles, David E., and Gregory B. Thompson. "The Nanoscience and Engineering High School Research Internship program at the University of Alabama." MRS Proceedings 1046 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1046-w02-10.

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AbstractThe Center for Materials for Information Technology provides a ten-week summer research experience in nanoscience and engineering for high school students. The students were between their junior and senior year or their sophomore and junior year and were interested in a career in scientific research. Each student had their own research project within the general theme of metal alloy nanoparticles. They were trained in safe laboratory practice and could prepare their own particles independently. Each used x-ray diffraction and SEM EDX to characterize the structure of their nanoparticles. They also identified potential applications for their particles such as magnetic recording, fuel cell catalysis and cancer therapy. Many of the students accomplished enough research to submit competitive entries to regional and national high school science fairs. Two were semi-finalists in the Siemens-Westinghouse Competition. Another won the West Alabama Science Fair and competed in the Intel International Science Fair. This program provided the high school students with a vision for the breadth and excitement of doing basic research in materials science.

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Mancini-Samuelson, Gina J. "Using Nanoscience as a Theme for Capstone Projects in an Elementary Education Majors Science Course." MRS Proceedings 1532 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.431.

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ABSTRACTThe national interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) has called attention to P-12 education, the STEM pipeline. Education of teachers is a primary influence on the education of children in the classroom. While high school (and often middle school) teachers are versed in the content of a particular aspect of STEM (e.g. Mathematics or Chemistry), elementary teachers, on the other end of the pipeline, are educated as generalists, with a primary goal of setting the foundations for future learning.In 2004, a team of STEM and education faculty at St. Catherine University (SCU) was called together, united by their interest in improving STEM education for all students at SCU, particularly women. Combining the content expertise of the biology, chemistry, physics/engineering, and mathematics departments with the methods expertise of the education department, the team designed courses that made STEM concepts more engaging and relevant to students. In 2010, the STEM Certificate was solidified and required of all elementary education students. It is comprised of three interdisciplinary, team-taught, lab based courses that are open to all undergraduate majors at the institution. Each course is centered on one discipline (i.e. biology, chemistry, or engineering/physics). Chemistry of Life is the chemistry-focused course. The course was designed to include a capstone project. As an introduction to materials science, nanoscience was selected as the theme for the projects. The topic allowed for socially relevant and also highly interdisciplinary projects. Students working in teams of three or four, designed projects, determined how to measure and obtain data, and analyzed and interpreted results. A content and confidence assessment given to students before and after the projects showed an increase in both their understanding of nanomaterials and their confidence in conducting a nanoscience project.

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Gierak, Jacques, Eric Bourhis, Dominique Mailly, Gilles Patriarche, Ali Madouri, Ralf Jede, Sven Bauerdick, et al. "Exploration of the Ultimate Patterning Potential Achievable with Focused Ion Beams." MRS Proceedings 1089 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1089-y03-01.

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AbstractDecisive advances in the fields of nanosciences and nanotechnologies are intimately related to the development of new instruments and of related writing schemes and methodologies. Therefore we have recently proposed exploitation of the nano-structuring potential of a highly Focused Ion Beam as a tool, to overcome intrinsic limitations of current nano-fabrication techniques and to allow innovative patterning schemes urgently needed in many nanoscience challenges. In this work, we will first detail a very high resolution FIB instrument we have developed specifically to meet these nano-fabrication requirements. Then we will introduce and illustrate some advanced FIB processing schemes. These patterning schemes are (i) Ultra thin membranes as an ideal template for FIB nanoprocessing. (ii) Local defect injection for magnetic thin film direct patterning. (iii) Functionalization of graphite substrates to prepare 2D-organized arrays of clusters. (iv) FIB engineering of the optical properties of microcavities.

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Chopra, Nitin, Wenwu Shi, Nikita R. Peramsetty, and Victoria L. Evans. "Development of nanotechnology experimental modules using ferrofluids for high school classrooms." MRS Proceedings 1583 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.771.

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ABSTRACTNanotechnology and nanoscience have a strong potential to impact society and the commercial sector. It is critical to introduce this area to high school classrooms as a teaching tool. Here, we report the development of ferrofluid-based experimental modules in a team effort including a high school student and a high school teacher. The basic experimental modules were developed as follows: A) Electric motor-based patterning of magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes on a silicon wafer. Electromagnetically activated or ‘spiked’-ferrofluid was utilized here. B) Basic concepts of wettability, hydrophobicity, and oleophilicity were demonstrated by combining hydrophobic CNTs, water, and ferrofluids. C) Finally, the utility of ferrofluid-based environmental remediation was demonstrated for oil removal from oil-water mixture and organic dye separation from water-dye mixture. It is envisioned that the integration of the developed experimental modules into high school curriculum will motivate high school students to pursue degrees in science, engineering, and nanotechnology. Thus, this will assist in the development of future workforce in the area of nanotechnology and materials science.

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Bartolo, Laura M., Sharon C. Glotzer, Cathy S. Lowe, Adam C. Powell, Krishna Rajan, Donald R. Sadoway, James A. Warren, and Vinod K. Tewary. "NSF NSDL Materials Digital Library & MSE Education." MRS Proceedings 909 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0909-pp02-01.

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AbstractThe National Science Foundation created the National Science Digital Library (NSDL) in order to establish a technical, communal, and organizational framework for access to high quality resources and tools that support innovations in teaching and learning at all levels of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. As part of the NSDL, the Materials Digital Library (MatDL) Pathway focuses specifically on serving the materials science (MS) community with a target audience that includes MS undergraduate and graduate students, educators, and researchers. MatDL is a collaborative effort involving the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Kent State University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, Iowa State University, and Purdue University. Our network of collaborations also includes a Nanoscience Interdisciplinary Research Team, Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, and International Materials Institute. A primary goal of MatDL is to bring materials science research and education closer together. MatDL provides innovative uses of digital libraries and the web as educational media in the MS community with particular emphasis on providing: 1) tools to describe, manage, exchange, archive, and disseminate scientific data 2) workspace for open access development of modeling and simulation tools 3) services and content for virtual labs in large undergraduate introductory science courses, and 4) workspace for collaborative development of core undergraduate MS teaching resources for emerging areas. This paper will provide an overview of the NSDL MatDL Pathway, details about specific aspects of the project, as well as interactions between research and education.

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Yu, Bingjun, and Linmao Qian. "Friction-Induced Nanofabrication: A Review." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s10033-021-00550-x.

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AbstractAs the bridge between basic principles and applications of nanotechnology, nanofabrication methods play significant role in supporting the development of nanoscale science and engineering, which is changing and improving the production and lifestyle of the human. Photo lithography and other alternative technologies, such as nanoimprinting, electron beam lithography, focused ion beam cutting, and scanning probe lithography, have brought great progress of semiconductor industry, IC manufacturing and micro/nanoelectromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) devices. However, there remains a lot of challenges, relating to the resolution, cost, speed, and so on, in realizing high-quality products with further development of nanotechnology. None of the existing techniques can satisfy all the needs in nanoscience and nanotechnology at the same time, and it is essential to explore new nanofabrication methods. As a newly developed scanning probe microscope (SPM)-based lithography, friction-induced nanofabrication provides opportunities for maskless, flexible, low-damage, low-cost and environment-friendly processing on a wide variety of materials, including silicon, quartz, glass surfaces, and so on. It has been proved that this fabrication route provides with a broad application prospect in the fabrication of nanoimprint templates, microfluidic devices, and micro/nano optical structures. This paper hereby involved the principals and operations of friction-induced nanofabrication, including friction-induced selective etching, and the applications were reviewed as well for looking ahead at opportunities and challenges with nanotechnology development. The present review will not only enrich the knowledge in nanotribology, but also plays a positive role in promoting SPM-based nanofabrication.

Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical engineering|Nanoscience'

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